CN111872404A - Aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0892—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid casting nozzle; controlling metal stream in or after the casting nozzle
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing, and belongs to the technical field of metal powder 3D printing. Heating and melting the aluminum-copper alloy raw materials, and fully and uniformly mixing the raw materials; preparing aluminum-copper alloy powder by using a gas atomization technology; after gas atomization, screening the aluminum-copper alloy powder to obtain the aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing within a required particle size range; the proportion of aluminum and copper in the aluminum-copper alloy raw materials meets the requirement of the aluminum-copper alloy powder finally used for 3D printing: cu content of 1.00-8.00 wt%, Mg content of 0.10-4.00 wt%, Si content of 0.05-3.00 wt%, Mn content of 0.04-2.50 wt%, Zr content of 0.01-3.00 wt%, and the balance Al. The strength of a sample prepared by the aluminum-copper alloy powder SLM is equivalent to that of an SLM aluminum-silicon alloy, but the elongation is obviously higher than that of the common SLM, so that the use requirement of the aluminum alloy under most conditions can be met, the complex post-treatment process of the wrought aluminum alloy is reduced, and the energy and the cost are saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and particularly relates to aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The 3D printing is a preparation technology for obtaining a product with a complex shape by using three-dimensional model data in a layer-by-layer accumulation mode. Compared with the traditional preparation method of plastics, ceramics, metals, alloys and composite materials, the 3D printing technology has a series of advantages of being capable of preparing products with high precision and complex shapes, saving raw materials, saving cost and the like, and has good application prospects. Currently, common 3D printing methods include direct three-dimensional printing and forming technology (3DP), selective laser melting technology (SLM), stereo light curing technology (SLA), fused deposition technology (FDM), etc., wherein the selective laser melting technology (SLM) is widely applied to 3D printing of metal powder. The metals and alloys which can be used for SLM at present mainly comprise stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy and the like, and are mainly applied to aerospace and automobile industries.
The aluminum-based alloy is an important component in metal 3D printing, has the characteristics of light weight, low melting point, high safety, good plasticity and the like, has a wide application prospect in the aspect of part weight reduction, and therefore occupies an increasingly important position in light-weight automobile and aerospace industries. Although the industry has a high interest in preparing aluminum alloy products by 3D printing technology, and many SLM-prepared aluminum alloy parts have been applied in some fields, the large-scale application of SLM-prepared aluminum alloy products is still limited by the preparation and performance of raw alloy powder, the production of matched printers, the development of printing models, the printing process, the costs of all aspects, and the like. At present, most SLM printers capable of preparing aluminum alloy products with better performance are imported abroad, alloy powder raw materials for printing also need to be imported, and the powder selling price is expensive, so that the cost of printing the aluminum alloy products is greatly increased, and the technical development and large-scale application of the aluminum alloy products are limited.
The technology for preparing the alloy powder raw material is also actively developed in China, however, the aluminum alloy is easy to oxidize, the specific surface area of the powder is increased, the powder is easier to oxidize, and the oxidized powder has great influence on the performance of printed products. Furthermore, the powder raw material for printing has high requirements on the particle size and uniformity of the powder, the fluidity and the purity of the powder. Therefore, the prior powder raw material preparation technology adopted in China has poor product performance, complex preparation technology and higher cost, and can not be used for large-scale production.
Currently, a great deal of aluminum-silicon alloys with better casting performance, such as AlSi10Mg, AlSi12 and the like, are used for 3D printing of aluminum alloys. The aluminum-silicon alloy prepared by the SLM technology has the highest tensile strength of about 450MPa, the elongation of about 4 percent, moderate tensile strength and low elongation. The aluminum alloys of the 2xxx series, the 7xxx series and the like with higher strength and better ductility are difficult to prepare by the SLM technology because a great amount of cracks are generated in the SLM processing process to cause cracking, so that the product performance is poor and can not be compared with the aluminum alloy manufactured conventionally.
The 2xxx aluminum alloy has high specific strength, excellent fatigue performance and good damage resistance, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace and the like, but the aluminum-copper alloy prepared by the traditional method needs to be subjected to complex post-treatment (heat treatment, cold processing, hot processing and/or stretching) to obtain optimized performance, such as high strength and the like. Research shows that the SLM technology can improve the mechanical property of the aluminum-copper alloy, reduce the post-treatment process, save energy and save cost.
Researches find that rare earth elements such as Sc and the like are added into the alloy, so that the cracking problem of series of wrought aluminum alloys such as 2xxx and 7xxx caused by high cooling rate in the SLM process can be effectively solved, and a product with a smooth surface and no cracks is prepared. Meanwhile, Sc can also form nano Al3And the Sc precipitates further improve the strength of the SLM aluminum alloy. However, the rare earth element content is low, the price is high, and the large-scale popularization and application are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing, which comprises the following steps:
heating and melting the aluminum-copper alloy raw materials, and fully and uniformly mixing the raw materials;
impacting the molten aluminum-copper alloy flow by adopting high-speed compressed air flow, crushing the molten aluminum-copper alloy flow to obtain gas atomized particles, and cooling to obtain aluminum-copper alloy powder prepared by a gas atomization technology;
after gas atomization, screening the aluminum-copper alloy powder to obtain the aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing within a required particle size range;
the proportion of aluminum and copper in the aluminum-copper alloy raw materials meets the requirement of the aluminum-copper alloy powder finally used for 3D printing: cu content of 1.00-8.00 wt%, Mg content of 0.10-4.00 wt%, Si content of 0.05-3.00 wt%, Mn content of 0.04-2.50 wt%, Zr content of 0.01-3.00 wt%, and the balance Al. The powder has high purity and is substantially free of other impurities.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the raw material of the aluminum-copper alloy is heated and melted in the range of 650 ℃ to 900 ℃.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the chemical composition of the prepared aluminum-copper alloy powder is preferably: cu content of 1.80-6.70 wt%, Mg content of 0.50-3.50 wt%, Si content of 0.60-2.46 wt%, Mn content of 0.10-1.92 wt%, Zr content of 0.01-3.00 wt%, and the rest is Al, so that the alloy has high purity and does not contain other impurities basically.
In one embodiment of the invention, the gas atomization technology refers to gas atomization by using a supersonic atomizing nozzle combining a laval structure and a hartmann structure. The specific structure of the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval and hartmann structures can refer to the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN201410553284.7, the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the two-stage laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN201410553271.x, and the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the single-stage laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN 201410553799.7.
In one embodiment of the invention, the high velocity compressed gas stream is selected from argon or nitrogen.
In one embodiment of the invention, the gas pressure of the high-speed compressed gas flow is 1.6-9.0MPa, and the outlet negative pressure is ensured to be 0.3-2.0kPa by adopting a tight coupling mode.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the method of sieving the aluminum-copper alloy powder after the gas atomization is a cyclone classification sieving method.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing ranges from 10 to 60 μm after the aluminum-copper alloy powder is sieved.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the powder having a particle size out of the range of 10 to 60 μm can be reused for melting by heating, thereby improving the utilization rate of the raw material. And collecting the screened powder to be used for SLM printing.
In the aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing prepared by the preparation method, the average particle size of the powder is between 20 and 40 mu m, more than 95 percent of the powder has the particle size of between 10 and 60 mu m, and the true density of the powder is between 2.65 and 2.85g/cm3In between, more than 90% of the powder particles are spherical or spheroidal, and the powder has better flowability.
The aluminum-copper alloy powder disclosed by the invention is preferably suitable for Selective Laser Melting (SLM), and an aluminum-copper alloy product printed on SLM printing equipment by using the aluminum-copper alloy powder has more excellent mechanical properties compared with cast aluminum alloy and other 3D printed aluminum alloys with the same components. Meanwhile, the powder preparation technology is convenient and rapid, the production cost is low, and mass production can be realized.
Compared with the prior art, the supersonic atomizing nozzle with laval and hartmann structures is adopted, the atomizing technology is used for preparing the aluminum-copper alloy powder, and the method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) can prepare the aluminum-copper alloy powder with more excellent and stable performance. The obtained aluminum copper powder has high purity and uniform components, and basically contains no other impurities except the components. The shape of the powder particles can be better controlled, more than 90 percent of the powder particles are spherical or spheroidal, and the powder has better fluidity. The average particle size of the powder is between 20 and 40 mu m, more than 95 percent of the powder particle size is within 10 to 60 mu m, and finer powder particles can be obtained, and the particle size distribution is narrower.
(2) Compared with mixed powder printing, the aluminum-copper alloy powder for the SLM is produced by an atomization technology, so that the distribution of all components of the alloy is more uniform, the generation of defects such as segregation and the like in the SLM process is effectively reduced, and the preparation of products with more excellent performance is facilitated;
(3) the obtained aluminum-copper alloy powder contains a proper amount of Zr which can form fine Al in the aluminum-copper alloy3Zr deposition is close to deposition containing Sc, which can improve SLM performance of alloy, reduce generation of hot crack, refine microstructure of SLM product, and improve strength and ductility (existing research shows that adding Sc forms Al3Sc，Al3Zr acts like this, Al3More than 20 interfaces of Zr and the main face-centered cubic aluminum phase are matched, and the crystal lattice mismatch and the atomic density change are less than 0.52 percent and less than 1 percent, so that ideal low-energy heterogeneous nucleation sites are provided, the supercooling critical quantity required by the growth of equiaxed grains is reduced by providing high-density low-barrier heterogeneous nucleation sites at the solidification front, the formation of fine equiaxed grain tissues is facilitated, and the generation of columnar grains which easily cause thermal cracks is reduced. Al (Al)3Zr particles are uniformly combined in the structure, the strength can be improved and the grain growth is hindered due to the pinning effect, the strength and the ductility of a printed product are improved due to the generation of fine equiaxed grains and the reduction of hot cracks), the effects of Sc and Zr in the aspect of improving the alloy performance are similar, but the price of Sc is more expensive, so that the powder cost is reduced by replacing Sc with Zr;
(4) the prepared aluminum-copper alloy powder also contains Mg, Si and Mn elements, the solid solubility in Al is increased in the SLM process, the solid solubility of other elements in the Al phase is increased, so that the lattice distortion is increased, the dislocation is more strongly hindered, the strength and the hardness of the aluminum-copper alloy are further improved, the linear expansion coefficient of the Si element is small, the fluidity of alloy liquid can be improved, the melting temperature can be reduced by adding the element into the aluminum alloy, the solidification shrinkage rate of the alloy is reduced, the thermal expansion coefficient is reduced, the fluidity is improved, the crack sensitivity is favorably reduced, and the compact crack-free aluminum-copper alloy can be produced by adding a proper amount of Si, so that the SLM processing performance of the aluminum-copper alloy is favorably improved;
(5) the method can be used for producing the aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing in a large scale, oxidation in the powder production process is avoided, and the content of each element component in the produced powder can be controlled by changing the proportion of the atomized alloy;
(6) in the whole atomization process, the waste of raw materials is less, the production efficiency is high, and the cost can be reduced by times on the premise of ensuring the performance of the aluminum-copper alloy powder.
According to the invention, the low-cost high-performance aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing can be produced in a large scale by the VIGA (vacuum gas atomization) atomization technology of Hartmann-Laval, and meanwhile, the problems of oxidation and the like in the powder production process are avoided, so that a product with better mechanical property can be printed.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing, which comprises the following steps:
heating and melting the aluminum-copper alloy raw materials, and fully and uniformly mixing the raw materials;
impacting the molten aluminum-copper alloy flow by adopting high-speed compressed air flow, crushing the molten aluminum-copper alloy flow to obtain gas atomized particles, and cooling to obtain aluminum-copper alloy powder prepared by a gas atomization technology;
after gas atomization, screening the aluminum-copper alloy powder to obtain the aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing within a required particle size range;
the proportion of aluminum and copper in the aluminum-copper alloy raw materials meets the requirement of the aluminum-copper alloy powder finally used for 3D printing: cu content of 1.00-8.00 wt%, Mg content of 0.10-4.00 wt%, Si content of 0.05-3.00 wt%, Mn content of 0.04-2.50 wt%, Zr content of 0.01-3.00 wt%, and the balance Al. The powder has high purity and is substantially free of other impurities.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the raw material of the aluminum-copper alloy is heated and melted in the range of 650 ℃ to 900 ℃.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the chemical composition of the prepared aluminum-copper alloy powder is preferably: cu content of 1.80-6.70 wt%, Mg content of 0.50-3.50 wt%, Si content of 0.60-2.46 wt%, Mn content of 0.10-1.92 wt%, Zr content of 0.01-3.00 wt%, and the rest is Al, so that the alloy has high purity and does not contain other impurities basically.
In one embodiment of the invention, the gas atomization technology refers to gas atomization by using a supersonic atomizing nozzle combining a laval structure and a hartmann structure. The specific structure of the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval and hartmann structures can refer to the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN201410553284.7, the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the two-stage laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN201410553271.x, and the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the single-stage laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN 201410553799.7.
In one embodiment of the invention, the high velocity compressed gas stream is selected from argon or nitrogen.
In one embodiment of the invention, the gas pressure of the high-speed compressed gas flow is 1.6-9.0MPa, and the outlet negative pressure is ensured to be 0.3-2.0kPa by adopting a tight coupling mode.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the method of sieving the aluminum-copper alloy powder after the gas atomization is a cyclone classification sieving method.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing ranges from 10 to 60 μm after the aluminum-copper alloy powder is sieved.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the powder having a particle size out of the range of 10 to 60 μm can be reused for melting by heating, thereby improving the utilization rate of the raw material. And collecting the screened powder to be used for SLM printing.
In the aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing prepared by the preparation method, the average particle size of the powder is between 20 and 40 mu m, more than 95 percent of the powder has the particle size of between 10 and 60 mu m, and the true density of the powder is between 2.65 and 2.85g/cm3More than 90% of the powder particles are sphericalOr sphere-like, and the powder has better fluidity.
The aluminum-copper alloy powder disclosed by the invention is preferably suitable for Selective Laser Melting (SLM), and an aluminum-copper alloy product printed on SLM printing equipment by using the aluminum-copper alloy powder has more excellent mechanical properties compared with cast aluminum alloy and other 3D printed aluminum alloys with the same components. Meanwhile, the powder preparation technology is convenient and rapid, the production cost is low, and mass production can be realized.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
According to the technical scheme, the alloy raw materials are respectively taken to be vacuum-smelted at 810 ℃, the temperature is kept for half an hour, and then atomization is carried out by adopting a Hartmann-Laval vacuum atomization technology which is researched by the same company (a supersonic atomization nozzle which fuses Laval and Hartmann structures is adopted, and the specific structure of the supersonic atomization nozzle which fuses Laval and Hartmann structures can refer to the supersonic atomization nozzle which fuses Laval and Hartmann structures and is disclosed by Chinese patent CN 201410553284.7), wherein the atomization gas is high-purity argon, the gas pressure during atomization is 2.5MPa, and the outlet negative pressure is ensured to be 0.7kPa by adopting a tight coupling mode, and the first-order resonant gas frequency is 100 kHz. After gas atomization, powder with the particle size of 10-60 mu m is screened out in a cyclone classification mode and collected. The aluminum-copper alloy powder with corresponding chemical composition is prepared. More than 90% of the powder particles are spherical or spheroidal, and the powder has good fluidity. The average particle size of the powder is 32.68 μm, and more than 95% of the powder has particle size of 10-60 μm. The powder had a true density of 2.72 g/cm-3. The powder is printed on a Hanbang HBD-SLM100 printer, the relative density of the obtained product is more than 99.5%, the tensile strength is about 455MPa, the elongation is about 10%, after T6 heat treatment, the tensile strength of a sample is increased to 506MPa, and the elongation is basically kept unchanged. The strength and the elongation of a sample prepared by adopting the SLM are higher than those of the Al-Si alloy commonly used for the SLM, so that the use requirement of the aluminum alloy under most conditions can be met, the complex post-treatment process of the wrought aluminum alloy is reduced, and the energy and the cost are saved.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing, which comprises the following steps:
heating and melting aluminum-copper alloy raw materials (the proportion of aluminum and copper in the aluminum-copper alloy raw materials meets the requirements that in aluminum-copper alloy powder finally used for 3D printing, the Cu content is 4.70 wt%, the Mg content is 2.00 wt%, the Si content is 1.86 wt%, the Mn content is 0.92 wt%, the Zr content is 1.50 wt%, and the balance is Al) at 750 ℃, and then fully and uniformly mixing;
impacting and melting the aluminum-copper alloy flow by adopting high-speed compressed airflow (argon, the gas pressure is 5.0MPa, and the negative pressure at an outlet is ensured to be 1.0kPa by adopting a tight coupling mode), crushing the aluminum-copper alloy flow to obtain gas atomized particles, and cooling to obtain aluminum-copper alloy powder prepared by a gas atomization technology;
after gas atomization, screening the aluminum-copper alloy powder by adopting a cyclone grading screening mode to obtain the aluminum-copper alloy powder with the particle size range of 10-60 mu m for 3D printing, wherein the average particle size of the powder is 20-40 mu m, the particle size of more than 95% of the powder is 10-60 mu m, and the true density of the powder is 2.75g/cm3More than 90% of the powder particles are spherical or spheroidal, and the powder has better flowability.
In this embodiment, the atomization technique is atomization using a supersonic atomizing nozzle with a laval and hartmann structure. The specific structure of the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval structure and the hartmann structure can refer to the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval structure and the hartmann structure disclosed in chinese patent CN 201410553284.7.
In the embodiment, the powder with the grain diameter not within the range of 10-60 mu m can be reused for heating and melting, so that the utilization rate of raw materials is improved. And collecting the screened powder to be used for SLM printing.
In this embodiment, the aluminum-copper alloy powder is preferably suitable for Selective Laser Melting (SLM), and an aluminum-copper alloy product printed on an SLM printing apparatus using the aluminum-copper alloy powder has more excellent mechanical properties compared with cast aluminum alloys and other 3D printed aluminum alloys of the same composition. Meanwhile, the powder preparation technology is convenient and rapid, the production cost is low, and mass production can be realized.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing, which comprises the following steps:
heating and melting aluminum-copper alloy raw materials (the proportion of aluminum and copper in the aluminum-copper alloy raw materials meets the requirements that in aluminum-copper alloy powder finally used for 3D printing, the Cu content is 1.80 wt%, the Mg content is 3.50 wt%, the Si content is 0.60 wt%, the Mn content is 1.92 wt%, the Zr content is 0.01 wt%, and the balance is Al) at 650 ℃, and then fully and uniformly mixing the raw materials;
impacting and melting the aluminum-copper alloy flow by adopting high-speed compressed air flow (nitrogen, the pressure of the air is 1.6MPa, and the negative pressure of an outlet is ensured to be 0.3kPa by adopting a tight coupling mode), crushing the aluminum-copper alloy flow to obtain atomized particles, and cooling to obtain aluminum-copper alloy powder prepared by the atomization technology;
after gas atomization, screening the aluminum-copper alloy powder by adopting a cyclone grading screening mode to obtain the aluminum-copper alloy powder with the particle size range of 10-60 mu m for 3D printing, wherein the average particle size of the powder is 20-40 mu m, the particle size of more than 95 percent of the powder is 10-60 mu m, and the true density of the powder is 2.70g/cm3More than 90% of the powder particles are spherical or spheroidal, and the powder has better flowability.
In this embodiment, the atomization technique is atomization using a supersonic atomizing nozzle with a laval and hartmann structure. The specific structure of the supersonic atomizing nozzle fusing the laval structure and the hartmann structure can refer to the supersonic atomizing nozzle fusing the secondary laval structure and the hartmann structure disclosed in chinese patent No. cn201410553271.
In the embodiment, the powder with the grain diameter not within the range of 10-60 mu m can be reused for heating and melting, so that the utilization rate of raw materials is improved. And collecting the screened powder to be used for SLM printing.
In this embodiment, the aluminum-copper alloy powder is preferably suitable for Selective Laser Melting (SLM), and an aluminum-copper alloy product printed on an SLM printing apparatus using the aluminum-copper alloy powder has more excellent mechanical properties compared with cast aluminum alloys and other 3D printed aluminum alloys of the same composition. Meanwhile, the powder preparation technology is convenient and rapid, the production cost is low, and mass production can be realized.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing, which comprises the following steps:
heating and melting aluminum-copper alloy raw materials (the proportion of aluminum and copper in the aluminum-copper alloy raw materials meets the requirements that in aluminum-copper alloy powder finally used for 3D printing, the Cu content is 6.70 wt%, the Mg content is 0.50 wt%, the Si content is 2.46 wt%, the Mn content is 0.10 wt%, the Zr content is 3.00 wt%, and the balance is Al) at 900 ℃, and then fully and uniformly mixing;
impacting and melting the aluminum-copper alloy flow by adopting high-speed compressed airflow (argon, the gas pressure is 7.0MPa, and the negative pressure at an outlet is ensured to be 1.6kPa by adopting a tight coupling mode), crushing the aluminum-copper alloy flow to obtain gas atomized particles, and cooling to obtain aluminum-copper alloy powder prepared by a gas atomization technology;
after gas atomization, screening the aluminum-copper alloy powder by adopting a cyclone grading screening mode to obtain the aluminum-copper alloy powder with the particle size range of 10-60 mu m for 3D printing, wherein the average particle size of the powder is 20-40 mu m, the particle size of more than 95 percent of the powder is 10-60 mu m, and the true density of the powder is 2.80g/cm3More than 90% of the powder particles are spherical or spheroidal, and the powder has better flowability.
In this embodiment, the atomization technique is atomization using a supersonic atomizing nozzle with a laval and hartmann structure. The specific structure of the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval and hartmann structures can refer to the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN201410553284.7, the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the two-stage laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN201410553271.x, and the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the single-stage laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN 201410553799.7.
In the embodiment, the powder with the grain diameter not within the range of 10-60 mu m can be reused for heating and melting, so that the utilization rate of raw materials is improved. And collecting the screened powder to be used for SLM printing.
In this embodiment, the aluminum-copper alloy powder is preferably suitable for Selective Laser Melting (SLM), and an aluminum-copper alloy product printed on an SLM printing apparatus using the aluminum-copper alloy powder has more excellent mechanical properties compared with cast aluminum alloys and other 3D printed aluminum alloys of the same composition. Meanwhile, the powder preparation technology is convenient and rapid, the production cost is low, and mass production can be realized.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a preparation method of aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing, which comprises the following steps:
heating and melting aluminum-copper alloy raw materials (the proportion of aluminum and copper in the aluminum-copper alloy raw materials meets the requirements that in aluminum-copper alloy powder finally used for 3D printing, the Cu content is 1.00 wt%, the Mg content is 4.00 wt%, the Si content is 0.05 wt%, the Mn content is 2.50 wt%, the Zr content is 0.01 wt%, and the balance is Al) at 650 ℃, and then fully and uniformly mixing the raw materials;
impacting and melting the aluminum-copper alloy flow by adopting high-speed compressed airflow (argon or nitrogen, the gas pressure is 1.MPa, and the negative pressure at an outlet is ensured to be 0.3kPa by adopting a tight coupling mode), crushing the aluminum-copper alloy flow to obtain gas atomized particles, and cooling to obtain aluminum-copper alloy powder prepared by a gas atomization technology;
after gas atomization, screening the aluminum-copper alloy powder by adopting a cyclone grading screening mode to obtain the aluminum-copper alloy powder with the particle size range of 10-60 mu m for 3D printing, wherein the average particle size of the powder is 20-40 mu m, the particle size of more than 95% of the powder is 10-60 mu m, and the true density of the powder is 2.65g/cm3More than 90% of the powder particles are spherical or spheroidal, and the powder has better flowability.
In this embodiment, the atomization technique is atomization using a supersonic atomizing nozzle with a laval and hartmann structure. The specific structure of the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval structure and the hartmann structure can refer to the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval structure and the hartmann structure in a single stage disclosed in chinese patent CN 201410553799.7.
In the embodiment, the powder with the grain diameter not within the range of 10-60 mu m can be reused for heating and melting, so that the utilization rate of raw materials is improved. And collecting the screened powder to be used for SLM printing.
In this embodiment, the aluminum-copper alloy powder is preferably suitable for Selective Laser Melting (SLM), and an aluminum-copper alloy product printed on an SLM printing apparatus using the aluminum-copper alloy powder has more excellent mechanical properties compared with cast aluminum alloys and other 3D printed aluminum alloys of the same composition. Meanwhile, the powder preparation technology is convenient and rapid, the production cost is low, and mass production can be realized.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a preparation method of aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing, which comprises the following steps:
heating and melting aluminum-copper alloy raw materials (the proportion of aluminum and copper in the aluminum-copper alloy raw materials meets the requirements that in aluminum-copper alloy powder finally used for 3D printing, the Cu content is 8.00 percent by weight, the Mg content is 0.10 percent by weight, the Si content is 3.00 percent by weight, the Mn content is 0.04 percent by weight, the Zr content is 3.00 percent by weight, and the balance is Al) at 900 ℃, and then fully and uniformly mixing the aluminum-copper alloy raw materials;
impacting and melting the aluminum-copper alloy flow by adopting high-speed compressed airflow (argon or nitrogen, the gas pressure is 9.0MPa, and the negative pressure at an outlet is ensured to be 2.0kPa by adopting a tight coupling mode), crushing the aluminum-copper alloy flow to obtain gas atomized particles, and cooling to obtain aluminum-copper alloy powder prepared by a gas atomization technology;
after gas atomization, screening the aluminum-copper alloy powder by adopting a cyclone grading screening mode to obtain the aluminum-copper alloy powder with the particle size range of 10-60 mu m for 3D printing, wherein the average particle size of the powder is 20-40 mu m, the particle size of more than 95% of the powder is 10-60 mu m, and the true density of the powder is 2.85g/cm3More than 90% of the powder particles are spherical or spheroidal, and the powder has better flowability.
In this embodiment, the atomization technique is atomization using a supersonic atomizing nozzle with a laval and hartmann structure. The specific structure of the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval and hartmann structures can refer to the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN201410553284.7, the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the two-stage laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN201410553271.x, and the supersonic atomizing nozzle combining the single-stage laval and hartmann structures disclosed in chinese patent CN 201410553799.7.
In the embodiment, the powder with the grain diameter not within the range of 10-60 mu m can be reused for heating and melting, so that the utilization rate of raw materials is improved. And collecting the screened powder to be used for SLM printing.
In this embodiment, the aluminum-copper alloy powder is preferably suitable for Selective Laser Melting (SLM), and an aluminum-copper alloy product printed on an SLM printing apparatus using the aluminum-copper alloy powder has more excellent mechanical properties compared with cast aluminum alloys and other 3D printed aluminum alloys of the same composition. Meanwhile, the powder preparation technology is convenient and rapid, the production cost is low, and mass production can be realized.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
heating and melting the aluminum-copper alloy raw materials, and fully and uniformly mixing the raw materials;
impacting the molten aluminum-copper alloy flow by adopting high-speed compressed air flow, crushing the molten aluminum-copper alloy flow to obtain gas atomized particles, and cooling to obtain aluminum-copper alloy powder prepared by a gas atomization technology;
after gas atomization, screening the aluminum-copper alloy powder to obtain the aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing within a required particle size range;
the proportion of aluminum and copper in the aluminum-copper alloy raw materials meets the requirement of the aluminum-copper alloy powder finally used for 3D printing: cu content of 1.00-8.00 wt%, Mg content of 0.10-4.00 wt%, Si content of 0.05-3.00 wt%, Mn content of 0.04-2.50 wt%, Zr content of 0.01-3.00 wt%, and the balance Al.
2. The method for preparing aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum-copper alloy raw material is melted by heating in a range of 650 ℃ to 900 ℃.
3. The method for preparing aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the chemical composition of the prepared aluminum-copper alloy powder is as follows: cu content of 1.80-6.70 wt%, Mg content of 0.50-3.50 wt%, Si content of 0.60-2.46 wt%, Mn content of 0.10-1.92 wt%, Zr content of 0.01-3.00 wt%, and the balance Al.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the impinging high velocity compressed gas stream on the molten aluminum-copper alloy stream is a supersonic atomizing nozzle incorporating a laval and hartmann configuration.
5. The method of preparing aluminum bronze alloy powder for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the high-speed compressed gas flow is selected from argon or nitrogen.
6. The method for preparing the aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the gas pressure of the high-speed compressed gas flow is 1.6-9.0MPa, and the outlet negative pressure is ensured to be 0.3-2.0kPa by adopting a tight coupling mode.
7. The method for preparing aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum-copper alloy powder is sieved by cyclone classification after being atomized.
8. The method for preparing aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing has a particle size in the range of 10-60 μm after being sieved.
9. The aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing according to claim 9, wherein the aluminum-copper alloy powder for 3D printing has an average particle size of 20-40 μm, a particle size of 10-60 μm for more than 95% of the powder, and a true powder density of 2.65-2.85g/cm3In between, more than 90% of the powder particles are spherical or spheroidal, and the powder has better flowability.
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