CN111655464B - 用于接合、尤其是激光焊接两个部件的装置以及用于这种接合装置的运行方法 - Google Patents

用于接合、尤其是激光焊接两个部件的装置以及用于这种接合装置的运行方法 Download PDF

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CN111655464B
CN111655464B CN201980010776.2A CN201980010776A CN111655464B CN 111655464 B CN111655464 B CN 111655464B CN 201980010776 A CN201980010776 A CN 201980010776A CN 111655464 B CN111655464 B CN 111655464B
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linear drive
predefined
clamping
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CN111655464A (zh
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迈克尔·乔纳森·施瓦姆
纳西尔·费蒂尔
托比亚斯·杰斯
曼努埃尔·西本
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LPKF Laser and Electronics AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B29C65/7847—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes using vacuum to hold at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312—Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81463—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8246—Servomechanisms, e.g. servomotors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/922—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B29C66/92451—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power using joining tools having different pressure zones or using several joining tools with different pressures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9261—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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Abstract

一种用于接合，尤其是激光焊接两个部件、尤其是塑料部件的装置，包括:两个工件容纳部(1，3)，用于分别固持两个待连接的所述部件(2，4)；分别用于每个所述工件容纳部(1，3)的支承元件、优选地为支承板(7)；用于至少一个支承元件的箝夹驱动器(SA)，用于在所述接合过程中进给和箍牢被固持在所述工件容纳部(1，3)中的两个所述部件(2，4)；用于所述箝夹驱动器(SA)的控制器(9)，并且尤其是激光焊接设备(LS)，以及箝夹驱动器(SA)与支承元件(7)之间的机械松弛耦合，使得两个所述工件容纳部(1，3)在所述进给和箍牢过程中能够朝向彼此倾斜。还公开了一种在固持于所述工件容纳部(1，3)中的两个部件(2，4)的接合过程中、尤其在激光焊接过程中的该接合装置的运行方法。

Description

用于接合、尤其是激光焊接两个部件的装置以及用于这种接合装置的运行方法
本专利申请请求德国专利申请DE102018201416.7的优先权，其内容通过引用合并于此。
本发明涉及一种用于接合，尤其是激光焊接两个部件的装置，以及一种用于这种接合装置的运行方法。
在常规的接合装置中，如在DE19924469A1中公开的那样，设置有两个工件容纳部，用于分别固持两个待连接的部件。每个工件容纳部都位于相应的支承板上，其中一个工件容纳部由相应的线性箝夹驱动器作用，以在接合过程中进给(feed)并且箍牢(brace)两个待接合的部件。在该激光焊接装备中，控制器(未明确公开)控制箝夹驱动器和激光设备。该接合装置的特点在于，由柔性的箍牢面对不平整的工件进行箍牢，从而产生一定的公差补偿。
EP2566684B1公开了一种用于激光穿透焊接两个部件的装置以及一种相应的安装方法，其中设置有两种不同的夹具，夹具具有多个可移动的构件。一种夹具旨在确保两个部件在托架上的几何定位，而第二夹具的力是能够调节的，以便箍牢两个部件。
EP3205481A1公开了一种借助激光焊接来连接车灯的透镜和灯壳的方法和装置，其中，灯壳在工件容纳部中稳固地保持在静止的零点上并且浮动支承地保持在至少一个与零点有间隔的容纳点上。因此，多部分的工件容纳部结构非常复杂。
在以上公开的装置和安装方法中，相应的组件旨在补偿一定的几何偏差，并且也能够足够可靠地箍牢具有较复杂几何形状的部件。然而，这是通过部分非常复杂的结构来实现的，这些结构在实践中实施起来成本较高。
在接合部件、尤其是在激光焊接时，基本需要尽可能最佳地补偿相关公差，例如由部件本身、它们在共同装备中以及在接合装备内的位置引起的公差。在常规的装备和方法中，其中，一般单个的、位于中心的驱动器用于工件箍牢的进给运动，虽然在焊接进程中、例如在振动焊接时，可以改变箝夹力，但是迄今尚未实现用于公差补偿的其他设计。尤其是，不能对焊接的整个部件的尺寸精度造成影响，这是因为由箝夹驱动器作用的工件容纳部总是平行于另一工件容纳部移动。
本发明通过一个实施例解决了上述在装置方面的问题。在这个实施例中，一种用于激光焊接两个塑料部件的装置包括
-两个工件容纳部(1，3)，用于分别固持两个待连接的所述部件(2，4)，
-分别用于每个所述工件容纳部(1，3)的支承元件，其中所述支承元件为支承板(7)，
-用于至少一个支承元件的箝夹驱动器(SA)，用于在所述接合过程中进给和箍牢被固持在所述工件容纳部(1，3)中的两个所述部件(2，4)，
-用于所述箝夹驱动器(SA)的控制器(9)，并且所述控制器(9)还控制激光焊接设备(LS)，以及
-在箝夹驱动器(SA)与支承元件(7)之间的机械松弛耦合，使得两个所述工件容纳部(1，3)在所述进给和箍牢过程中能够朝向彼此倾斜。
-其中所述箝夹驱动器(SA)包括多个平行布置在且作用于进给方向(Z)上的线性驱动元件(8.1-8.8)，在所述线性驱动元件(8.1-8.8)上构造为支承板(7)的所述一个工件容纳部(1，3)的所述支承元件浮动地被支承，
-其中所述线性驱动元件(8.1-8.8)具有位置获取和/或驱动力探测器，
-其中所述线性驱动元件(8.1-8.8)进给所述支承元件(7)直到两个待接合的所述部件(2，4)接触为止，将接触位置确定为参考位置，以及
-其中在焊接过程中，根据至少一个预定义的***参数，所述控制器(9)从所述参考位置开始进一步控制所述线性驱动元件(8.1-8.8)，直到达到用于所述***参数的目标标准为止，至少一个预定义的***参数是所述线性驱动元件(8.1-8.8)的预定义的箝夹力和/或预定义的接合路径。
本发明通过另一实施例解决了上述在方法方面的问题。在这个实施例中，一种在激光焊接过程中根据上述的在固持于所述工件容纳部(1，3)中的两个部件(2，4)的接合过程中的接合装置的运行方法，包括以下方法步骤：
-根据预定义的***设置值，即至少一个所述线性驱动元件(8.1-8.8)的箝夹力设置值(FSOLL)，借助所述线性驱动元件(8.1-8.8)来进给至少一个所述支承元件(7)，直到两个待接合的所述部件(2，4)借助箝夹力接触为止，其所述工件容纳部(1，3)调整自身到相互对应的位置中，
-将接触位置确定为参考位置，
-在所述焊接过程中，根据至少一个预定义的***参数，从所述参考位置开始进一步控制所述线性驱动元件(8.1-8.8)，直到达到用于所述***参数的目标标准为止，至少一个预定义的***参数是所述线性驱动元件(8.1-8.8)的预定义的箝夹力和/或预定义的接合路径；以及
-在达到所述目标标准之后结束所述接合过程。
因此，该装置的基本概念是，在箝夹驱动器和用于工件容纳部的支承元件之间设有机械上的松散耦合，使得两个工件容纳部在进给和箍牢过程中能够朝向彼此倾斜。
由于部件固持中这种额外的自由度，在两个部件为接合而作位置调整时可以进行改进，从而提高尺寸精度并在获得明显的成本优势下相应地降低废品率。另外，由于这种额外的公差补偿，在焊接时可以实现更大的工艺窗口，从而同样降低废品率。
优选地，用于工件容纳部的箝夹驱动器和支承元件之间的耦合是浮动支承，例如，当箝夹驱动器以其各个驱动元件从下竖直向上进入支承元件并且支承元件基本上松散地(例如经由相应的拱形支承盘)处于驱动元件上时，该浮动支承特别容易实现。
根据另一种优选的实施方式，箝夹驱动器包括多个平行布置在且作用于进给方向上的线性驱动元件，尤其是线性伺服驱动器，在其上构造为支承板的一个工件容纳部的支承元件浮动地被支承。
例如，可以使用4个或8个单个可控的伺服驱动器，在其上支承板与下部的工件容纳部一起浮动地被支承。
这些线性驱动元件可以具有位置获取和/或驱动力探测。这使得能够对驱动元件进行相应的控制，从而可以对承载工件容纳部的支承板进行***倾斜以及对各个驱动元件的进给运动进行精确、单独的控制，用以最佳的公差补偿。
本发明还涉及一种这种接合装置的运行方法，并且包括以下方法步骤：
-根据预定义的***设置值、尤其是根据至少一个所述线性驱动元件的箝夹力设置值，借助所述线性驱动元件来进给至少一个所述支承元件，直到两个待接合的所述部件接触为止，其中将所述工件容纳部调整到相互对应的位置中，
-将接触位置确定为参考位置，
-在所述接合过程中，尤其在焊接过程中，根据至少一个预定义的***参数、尤其根据所述线性驱动元件的预定义的箝夹力和/或预定义的接合路径，从所述参考位置开始进一步控制所述线性驱动元件，直到达到用于所述***参数的目标标准为止；以及
-在达到所述目标标准之后结束所述接合过程。
这些控制方面的手段利用根据本发明的装置，来实现全面探讨的优点，在此不再赘述。
根据本发明方法的优选其他构造设有不同的***设置值作为控制参数，例如为确定执行进给运动的支承元件的参考位置而设的预定义的驱动元件的箝夹力设置值，***设置值可以是相同的，但是在组合为驱动元件组的情况下，也可以确定为不同的设置值。
在接合过程中，其中朝着稳固的工件箍牢装置，用可移动的工件箍牢装置来进给支承元件，可以分别或相互协调地使用不同的控制程序，以便在参照相应实施例的说明书时更好地进行理解。
简单来说，线性驱动元件例如可以通过控制器被单独地调节至预定义的箝夹力。然后，还可以以如下方式调整各个线性驱动元件的预定义的箝夹力，使得所有的线性驱动元件在时间上达到适用于它们的、单独的断开标准，例如限定的设定或接合路径。如果由于确定的尺寸公差，一个箝夹驱动器必须比另一箝夹驱动器经过更大的接合路径，那么这两个箝夹驱动器以不同的箝夹力运行，使得它们在相同的时间内经过不同的接合路径。
作为上述调节策略的替代方案，在接合过程中，按照主从控制器的类型，施加最大箝夹力的线性驱动元件也可以直接或经由作为指令变量的设置变量以其接合路径指定其他线性驱动元件的接合路径。
用于控制线性驱动元件的另一可能性可以是，从参考位置开始，在控制装置中可供使用的、由待接合的部件制造的物件的形状数据可以影响工件容纳部的进给运动。然后箝夹驱动器可以从初始位置移动至其各自的参考位置中，通过该参考位置与工件的设置终端尺寸的差可以由控制器确定每个传动器经过的接合路径，并且然后可以根据期望的调节策略(例如，如上所述，在相同的时间经过各个传动器的接合路径)来调整传动器各自的箝夹力。
根据本发明方法的其他优选实施方式涉及用于通过线性驱动元件结束部件进给的目标标准。为此，可以达到预定义的进给路径或预定义的、相比进给过程中的箝夹力更大的极限力。后者在一定程度上表示将工件容纳部进给到稳固的工件容纳部处(直到停止为止)。
通过以下参考附图对实施例的描述，得出本发明的其他特征，细节和优点。附图为：
图1为激光焊接装备的示意性透视图；
图2为激光焊接装备的高度示意性截面图；
图3为用于在该激光焊接装备上执行的焊接过程的流程图；
图4为激光焊接装备的各个线性驱动元件的箝夹力的图表；
图5为该线性驱动元件的时间进给路径示意图；
图6和图7为类似于图4和5的示意图，但线性驱动元件的箝夹力有所不同；以及
图8和图9为用于线性驱动元件的其他替代控制的时间进给路径示意图。
如从图1和图2显而易见的是，用于接合的示例性装置构造为激光焊接装备，其中下部的工件容纳部1容纳第一部件2，例如机动车尾灯的灯壳，并且上部的工件容纳部3容纳第二部件4，例如覆盖灯壳的尾灯的透镜，从而用于焊接过程。上部的工件容纳部3借助于基座5在静止桥6上固定地定位，其中第二部件4例如通过真空施压固定在工件容纳部3中。
下部的工件容纳部1以基本水平布置的支承板7的形式布置在支承元件上，该支承板通过作为整体的箝夹驱动器(用SA表示)在竖直的进给方向上受驱动是可移动的，以实现第二部件4向第一部件2的进给并且实现这两个部件2、4的箍牢。箝夹驱动器SA由八个竖直定向的、形式为线性伺服驱动器8.1至8.8的线性驱动元件组成，它们分成两组定位在基板18中，每组四个并呈矩形布置。
从图2中得知，激光焊接装备具有中央控制器9，除箝夹驱动器SA之外，该中央控制器9还控制示意性示出的激光焊接设备LS，该激光焊接设备具有激光源10，成像光学器件11和光纤电缆17，它们用于引起两个部件2、4进行焊接的激光束12。
线性伺服驱动器8.1至8.8(其中，图2仅示出了一个线性伺服驱动器8.4)用其主轴电机13分别与控制器9连接。此外，线性伺服驱动器分别具有探测器14和探测器15，探测器14用于检测送给位置，探测器15用于检测各个线性伺服驱动器8.1至8.8的箝夹力。该探测器14、15将其检测的值提供给控制器9。
如在图2中还示意性示出的那样，支承板7经由拱形的凹部16松散地位于伺服驱动器8.1至8.8的圆顶上，使得整个支承板7浮动地支承在线性伺服驱动器8.1至8.8上，从而轴承板7以及工件容纳部1、3能够朝向彼此倾斜，如箭头V所示。
现在参照图3解释箍牢和焊接进程的基本方法流程。在附图中未示出箝夹驱动器SA首先向下移动。由此装备被打开并且部件2、4***下部的工件容纳部1中-步骤A。
然后，控制器9激活箝夹驱动器SA并且线形伺服驱动器8.1至8.8均匀地向上移动。由此部件2、4进入运行位置-步骤B。
在步骤B结束时，下部的工件容纳部1将两个部件2、4向上部的工件容纳部3进行进给直至接触来限定参考位置-步骤C。对此，所应用的每个箝夹驱动器的箝夹力由各自的箝夹力探测器15检测，并且由控制器9与预定义的***设置值(例如2kN)进行比较。一旦达到该值，相应的线性伺服驱动器8.1至8.8的位置就被清零，并且该接触位置就被确定为参考位置，用于在激光焊接过程中测量两个工件容纳部1、3和相应的两个部件2、4之间的其他设定路径。
然后实施焊接进程-步骤D，其中两个部件2、4在其焊接法兰19、20的区域中彼此通过激光束12的作用而以通常的方式互相焊接。如稍后参照图4至图9进一步解释的那样，在此，可以使用各种调节策略运行，直至达到相应的目标标准并进而通过切断激光束12来结束焊接过程-步骤E。
然后，由两个部件2、4接合而来的工件定义地保持受压，直到塑料、尤其是熔化的焊缝区域内的塑料冷却为止，并且在两个部件2、4之间已建立永久连接-步骤F。
为了取出工件，借助箝夹驱动器SA，将支承板7与工件容纳部1和整个工件一起下移至基本位置-步骤G-工件可以被取出-步骤H。
现在将在下面进一步讨论已经提及的调节策略。图4示出八个线性伺服驱动器8.1至8.8的箝夹力设置值FSOLL被调整为一个共同的、相同的值2kN。在此，每个线性伺服驱动器在步骤B和C中被控制，直至其箝夹力探测器15检测到已经达到该设置值。实际上这意味着，例如在两个部件2、4之间的边界面的区域中有公差的情况下，线性伺服驱动器8.1至8.8单独找到其零点，并且相应地移动到稍微不同的高度位置中作为各自的参考位置。
从该位置开始，在第一替代方案中，在焊接过程中(步骤D)，线性伺服驱动器8.1至8.8在进一步送给时用例如2kN的预定义的箝夹力被单独控制。由此，尽管在焊接过程中产生了非常均匀的力曲线，但是从图5显而易见的是，基于两个部件2、4之间的熔化过程，在此所实现的进给路径x(＝部件2、4相互之间的设定路径)在逐个驱动器间会强烈波动。作为用于结束焊接进程的切断标准，例如可以定义所有驱动器的设置设定路径达到0.5mm。
在图6和7所示的用于控制焊接过程的替代方案中，在步骤C中，为不同的线性传动器8.1至8.8预定义不同的箝夹力设置值FSOLL。因此，为线性驱动器8.1至8.4定义1.8kN的匹配值，而在后排布置的线性驱动器8.5至8.8施加大约2.3kN或2.5kN，以确定参考位置。由此，各个线性伺服驱动器的这些初始位置甚至比之前的实施例中的会更加明显地彼此偏离。但是，从图7显而易见的是，在随后的焊接中，在线性伺服驱动器8.1至8.8被调节至预定义的设置箝夹力的情况下，进给路径x的曲线明显更均匀。从而显着提高了由部件2、4制成的工件的尺寸精度。
在参照图8进行解释的用于焊接过程的调节策略中，类似于上述程序，再次假设借助达到预定义的设置箝夹力再次调整各个线性伺服驱动器的零点以及相应地用于焊接进程的参考位置。然后，在焊接过程，将线性伺服驱动器在控制方面进行耦合，使得借助箝夹力探测器15确定最大反作用力的驱动器用作引导轴，该引导轴指定用于所有线性伺服驱动器8.1至8.8的进给路径x。相应地，在图8中，它们的进给路径在装备公差内是一致的。当然，进给进程以及由此而实现的设定路径非常均匀，这又有利于提高工件的尺寸精度。但由此在焊接过程中会有箝夹力波动。作为焊接进程的切断标准，再次确定达到例如0.5mm的设置进给路径。
将参照图9解释根据图8所述的调节策略的变型。在此，虽然施加最大箝夹力的线性伺服驱动器再次用作引导轴，但该线性伺服驱动器仅为一组线性伺服驱动器指定匹配的设定或进给路径(图9中下部的曲线)。按照如下方式控制第二组线性伺服驱动器，使其经过明显更大的进给路径(图9中上部的曲线)。从而可以更好地补偿公差。尤其是，在各个部件2、4偏差过大时，也可以确保整个部件的尺寸精确。在这种情况下，切断标准可以是实现单独的设置设定路径。
最后，还要补充附图并未示出的用于焊接时调节策略的变型，其中，如在上述实施例中那样，再次定义参考位置。
在一个变型方案中，可以通过单独的设定路径调整来确保各个部件的尺寸精度，其中经由限定参考位置来确定部件的实际尺寸，并且从部件的CAD数据中得知设置尺寸。通过比较实际尺寸和设置尺寸，可以由控制器9计算局部所需的进给路径，并且经由各个线性伺服驱动器8.1至8.8的相应控制单独地实现该进给路径。在此，选择标准还可以又为每个线性伺服驱动器已经到达其单独的设置设定路径，其中根据各个驱动器的设置设定路径可以调整各个线性伺服驱动器8.1至8.8的箝夹力，该箝夹力限定它们的送给速度，从而在相同的时间经过设置设定路径，并由此在焊缝的全部点同时结束部件2、4的熔化。
在另一变型方案中，由于每个线性伺服驱动器单独被力调节，可以按照对焊的方式运行。若借助各自的箝夹力探测器15在各自的线性伺服驱动器上测量到超过了预定义的设置箝夹力，则由此得出结论，在该线性伺服驱动器的区域中，工件容纳部1、3与部件2、4一起被移动“到最后”，从而切断线性伺服驱动器。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于激光焊接两个塑料部件的装置，包括
-两个工件容纳部（1，3），用于分别固持两个待连接的所述部件（2，4），
-分别用于每个所述工件容纳部（1，3）的支承元件，其中所述支承元件为支承板，
-用于至少一个支承元件的箝夹驱动器（SA），用于在接合过程中进给和箍牢被固持在所述工件容纳部（1，3）中的两个所述部件（2，4），
-用于所述箝夹驱动器（SA）的控制器（9），并且所述控制器（9）还控制激光焊接设备（LS），以及
-在箝夹驱动器（SA）与支承元件（7）之间的机械松弛耦合，使得两个所述工件容纳部（1，3）在所述进给和箍牢过程中能够朝向彼此倾斜，
-其中所述箝夹驱动器（SA）包括多个平行布置在且作用于进给方向（Z）上的线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8），在所述线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8）上构造为支承板的所述一个工件容纳部（1，3）的所述支承元件浮动地被支承，
-其中所述线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8）具有位置获取和/或驱动力探测器，
-其中根据预定义的***设置值，即至少一个所述线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8）的箝夹力设置值（FSOLL），所述线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8）进给所述支承元件（7）直到两个待接合的所述部件（2，4）借助箝夹力接触为止，其所述工件容纳部（1，3）调整自身到相互对应的位置中，将接触位置确定为参考位置，以及
-其中在焊接过程中，根据至少一个预定义的***参数，所述控制器（9）从所述参考位置开始进一步控制所述线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8），直到达到用于所述***参数的目标标准为止，至少一个预定义的***参数是所述线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8）的预定义的箝夹力和/或预定义的接合路径。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，箝夹驱动器（SA）与支承元件（7）之间的耦合是浮动支承。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述线性驱动元件是线性伺服驱动器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8）可以由所述控制器（9）根据由所述位置获取和/或所述驱动力探测器所检测的值而单独地被驱动。
5.一种在激光焊接过程中根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的在固持于所述工件容纳部（1，3）中的两个部件（2，4）的接合过程中的接合装置的运行方法，包括以下方法步骤：
-根据预定义的***设置值，即至少一个所述线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8）的箝夹力设置值（FSOLL），借助所述线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8）来进给至少一个所述支承元件（7），直到两个待接合的所述部件（2，4）借助箝夹力接触为止，其所述工件容纳部（1，3）调整自身到相互对应的位置中，
-将接触位置确定为参考位置，
-在所述焊接过程中，根据至少一个预定义的***参数，从所述参考位置开始进一步控制所述线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8），直到达到用于所述***参数的目标标准为止，至少一个预定义的***参数是所述线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8）的预定义的箝夹力和/或预定义的接合路径；以及
-在达到所述目标标准之后结束所述接合过程。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，对于每个线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8）而言，将相同或不同的预定义的箝夹力设置值（FSOLL）用作***设置值，从而确定所述参考位置。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述接合过程中，通过所述控制器（9）将所述线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8）单独地调节至预定义的箝夹力。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，以如下方式调整各个所述线性驱动元件的所述预定义的箝夹力：使得所有线性驱动元件同时达到适用于它们的、单独的断开标准。
9.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述接合过程中，施加最大箝夹力的所述线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8）直接或经由作为指令变量的设置变量以其接合路径指定其他所述线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8）的所述接合路径。
10.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述接合过程中，根据在所述控制器（9）中可用的、待接合的所述部件（2，4）制造的物件的形状数据，从所述参考位置开始控制所述线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8）。
11.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，用于通过所述线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8）来结束进给所述部件（2，4）的所述目标标准是完成预定义的进给路径。
12.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，用于通过所述线性驱动元件（8.1-8.8）来结束进给所述部件（2，4）的所述目标标准是达到预定义的、相比所述进给进程中的所述箝夹力设置值更大的极限力。
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