CN111149600A

CN111149600A - Technique for afforesting quercus acutissima seedling barren mountains

Info

Publication number: CN111149600A
Application number: CN202010034620.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李春林; 范小妮; 臧小龙; 曹凤娟; 孟凡奎
Original assignee: Qingdao Guanzhong Ecology Co ltd
Current assignee: Qingdao Guanzhong Ecology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-01-14
Filing date: 2020-01-14
Publication date: 2020-05-15

Abstract

The invention provides a barren hill seedling afforestation method, which comprises the following components of, by weight, 20 parts of yellow loam (raw loess), 30 parts of turfy soil, 20 parts of decomposed peanut shells, 20 parts of wood fibers, 10 parts of vermiculite and 1-2 parts of a water-retaining agent on the premise of optimizing afforestation plants. The modularized seedling culture substrate and the technology are adopted to solve the problem of soil impoverishment and keep the integrity of the root system of the plant to the maximum extent; the method comprises the following steps of (1) cultivating plants from seeds to lignification, and then performing seedling afforestation to overcome the problem of weak root systems in the conventional seedling afforestation process; through scientific maintenance management measures, the afforestation survival rate can be improved, the growth of the forest trees is accelerated, the afforestation period is shortened, and finally, a plant community with a stable forest stand structure is formed.

Description

Technique for afforesting quercus acutissima seedling barren mountains

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of barren mountain afforestation, in particular to a barren mountain afforestation technology for quercus acutissima seedlings.

Technical Field

Barren mountain afforestation refers to the process of forming or recovering forests, trees and shrubbery trees in a barren mountain suitable for afforestation through artificial measures. The barren mountains have fragile ecological environment, poor standing conditions, thin soil layer, poor soil fertility, water shortage, serious water and soil loss, and the factors of severe natural environmental conditions, human interference and the like are extremely unfavorable for the growth, development, survival and multiplication of plants. Therefore, the vegetation recovery is the key point and difficult point of barren mountain ecological management.

At present, the traditional afforestation modes mainly comprise a direct seeding afforestation mode and a seedling planting afforestation mode, and the two modes have defects of different degrees. The direct seeding afforestation rate is low, the management difficulty is large, and the afforestation effect is poor; the seedling planting, afforestation and land preparation engineering quantity is large, the cost is high, the seedlings are mostly cut into roots and shrunk to be stuck together in the transplanting process, the main roots are difficult to recover after being cut, the seedling reviving period is long, the capability of resisting the external adverse environment is poor, the survival rate of the forest trees is low, the forest stand structure is simple, the stability is poor, the productivity is low, and the afforestation effect is poor. The traditional mode is adopted for afforestation, the afforestation success rate is extremely low, and even if the nursery stock survives, the phenomena of poor growth and development and weak natural updating capability generally occur, so that the defective and defective forest is formed. Because the nursery stock is difficult to form forest, and the damage of large-area soil preparation to an original ecological system in the traditional afforestation process, the water and soil loss phenomenon is further aggravated.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a barren mountain seedling afforestation method, which adopts a modularized seedling raising substrate and technology on the premise of optimizing afforestation plants so as to solve the problem of soil impoverishment and keep the integrity of plant roots to the maximum extent; the method comprises the following steps of (1) cultivating plants from seeds to lignification, and then performing seedling afforestation to overcome the problem of weak root systems in the conventional seedling afforestation process; through scientific maintenance management measures, the afforestation survival rate can be improved, the growth of the forest trees is accelerated, the afforestation period is shortened, and finally, a plant community with a stable forest stand structure is formed.

The technology can give full play to the advantages of the seedlings, the seedlings transplanted by the mode have small plant size, complete seedling root systems, strong resistance, strong plasticity, vigorous growth and long service life, can effectively solve the problems of low survival rate, undeveloped root systems of the cutting seedlings and poor stability of the formed forest stand structure in the process of transplanting the big seedlings, and has strong feasibility and popularization.

A technique for afforesting quercus acutissima seedling barren mountains is realized by the following technical scheme:

(one) seed source and seed selection

The seed source is selected from an ecological area similar to the afforestation site or an area similar to the afforestation site climate and soil. The seeds are required to be full, neat in fruit shape and uniform in particle.

(II) disinsection and storage of seeds

The fruit weevils of quercus acutissima are present in the fruit skin, cannot be identified from the appearance, and are highly damaged by insect pests, so that it is necessary to perform a disinsection treatment before sowing. Rinsing the seeds, removing the rinsed seeds, soaking the rest seeds in warm water at 50 ℃ for 15min for 2d, drying the seeds in the shade, placing the seeds in a ventilated room without direct sunlight and at the temperature of 0-6 ℃ for mixed sand storage, wherein 1 part of the seeds are mixed with 3-4 parts of sand, the sand can be held into a cluster by a hand and placed on the ground to be scattered, periodically sprinkling water to keep the humidity of the seeds, and turning the seeds once every 10-15 days.

(III) accelerating germination of seeds

7-10 days before sowing, soaking seeds for 1-2 days to ensure that the seeds fully absorb water, paving 1-2 layers of straw curtains on a germination accelerating field at 10-16 ℃, then paving the soaked seeds, paving 1 layer of straw curtains on the seeds, spraying water to ensure that the seeds are wet, and sowing after about 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white.

(IV) seedling substrate configuration and module production

The matrix material is mainly selected from materials which are rich in organic matters and have certain fiber length and strong water absorption, and comprises 20 parts of yellow loam (raw loess), 30 parts of turfy soil, 20 parts of decomposed peanut shells, 20 parts of wood fibers, 10 parts of vermiculite and 1-2 parts of water retention agents in parts by weight.

The grain size of yellow loam (raw loess) in the matrix material components is less than or equal to 2mm, and the grain sizes of turfy soil, decomposed peanut shells and wood fibers are less than or equal to 5 mm.

1) The materials are prepared into a seedling culture substrate according to a certain proportion.

2) Determining the pressing density of the seedling raising module through a pressing test: the module with too low pressing density is fragile, the module with too high pressing density has low porosity and is not beneficial to substrate water storage, and the compression ratio is controlled within the range of 2.5: 1.

The diameter of the seedling raising module after the seedling raising module is fully expanded after water absorption is the same as that before the seedling raising module is pressed, and the deviation between the height and the height before the seedling raising module is not more than 5%.

3) Compression of the matrix modules according to design dimensions, the modules being shown in figures 1 and 2;

the height of the matrix module before pressing is 10cm, and the diameter of the matrix module before pressing is 8 cm; the upper inner cavity is hollow, the height is 4cm, the diameter is about 2cm, and the height is 4cm and the diameter is 8cm after the matrix module is pressed; the upper inner cavity is hollow, 1.6cm high and 2cm diameter.

4) And (4) air-drying and forming the pressed module, and filling the module into a matched container for use in seeding and seedling raising.

(V) sowing and raising seedlings

And (3) fully absorbing water and expanding the pressed seedling raising module before seedling raising, and dropping the seeds subjected to germination and whitening in the holes on the seedling raising module, wherein the number of the seeds is 1 per hole, and the thickness of the covering soil is 3-4 cm, so that seedling raising is carried out for forestation.

(VI) afforestation of seedlings

(1) Selection of afforestation sites

The forestation land is suitable for selecting middle and low mountains and hilly lands (suitable forestation barren mountains, cutting lands, burning lands and vacant lands between forests) with pH value of 6.5-7.5, soil layer thickness of more than or equal to 30cm, gravel content of less than or equal to 35 percent, loose soil and moderate fertility and good drainage.

(2) Season of planting

The container seedling afforestation is carried out at the right time outside the freezing period of the soil, is slightly limited by seasons, and is mainly carried out in rainy season; the forestation can be properly postponed under the conditions of drought in weather, low water content of soil and no irrigation.

(3) Density of planting

The planting density depends on the conditions of the field, and the initial planting density is generally 220-330 plants/mu.

(4) Seedling selection

Seedlings which grow robustly, have no plant diseases and insect pests and are lignified are selected for afforestation.

(5) Digging planting hole

The diameter of the planting hole is slightly larger than the matrix module by 6-8 cm, and the depth of the planting hole exceeds the matrix module by 3-5 cm.

(6) Transplanting of seedlings

When planting, seedling raising module is carried out to keep the stem upright and proper depth, after filling soil, compaction is carried out, after watering, the soil is covered with deficient soil to facilitate water retention.

(7) Management of non-forestry

A. Arranging an insect-proof net: the quercus acutissima seedlings are slow in growth speed and poor in insect pest resistance, and in the seedling stage, in order to prevent the invasion of insect pests to tender leaves, the seedlings are covered by an insect-proof net, as shown in figure 3.

The upper part of the insect-proof net is a cone structure, the vertical height is about 25-30cm, and the diameter of the bottom is 15-20 cm. The material is polyethylene material, and the grid density is more than 50 meshes; the bracket is made of metal, and the lower part of the metal bracket is required to be completely inserted into soil when the bracket is used.

B. Soil loosening and weeding: loosening soil and weeding are carried out for 1-3 times every year on the 3 a-5 a young trees, the loosening soil and weeding are preferably carried out to be shallow inside and deep outside, the root system of the nursery stock is not damaged, the depth is generally 5-10 cm, and the hole expanding is 1m². And (3) in early winter, earthing up the 1-year-old plantlets for 2-3 cm.

C. And (3) pest and disease management: common diseases and pests of quercus acutissima include castanea mollissima, robinia fusca, longicorn beetle, robusta leaf rust and the like, and control measures are taken in a targeted manner.

D. Managing saplings;

(8) stumping young forests: and (3) in normal forest stand, after 3-4 years, leveling off stubbles 1-2 cm away from the ground in winter, selecting 1-2 upright and stout sprouts in autumn next year to foster the forest, and removing all the rest sprouts.

And seventhly, carrying out sealing protection on the new forestation land and strictly forbidding entering the forest land for felling.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) the organic matter content is high, the nutrient is sufficient, and the requirements of plant growth and development can be fully met; 2) the water retention is good, the maintenance watering frequency can be reduced, and the problems of drought and impoverishment of forestation land can be effectively relieved; 3) the pressed seedling raising blocks can be independently used for raising seedlings, transporting and transplanting, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by products such as seedling raising cups can be effectively reduced; 4) the seedlings adopt a unique insect-proof net, so that the erosion of the seedlings caused by the insect pests in the forestation land in the seedling stage can be effectively reduced; 5) the afforestation method is innovated, lignified seedlings are adopted for afforestation, the limitation of afforestation seasons is broken, and the afforestation in more than one year is realized.

The seedling culture substrate fully meets the plant growth conditions required by afforestation and seedling culture of barren mountains, has the advantages of small volume weight of 0.6-1.0g/cm3, high porosity of 35-55 percent and maximum water holding capacity of more than 90 percent, has ideal water absorption and storage functions, can reduce the frequency of maintenance and watering, effectively relieves the problem of drought and barren of afforestation sites, and greatly reduces the cost of manual maintenance and management.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall effect of a matrix module

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a substrate module

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of insect-proof net grids (density greater than 50 mesh)

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

A technology for afforesting quercus acutissima seedling barren mountains comprises the following specific technical scheme:

(one) seed source and seed selection

The area similar to the climate and soil of the forestation land is selected as the seed source. The seeds are required to be full, neat in fruit shape and uniform in particle.

(II) disinsection and storage of seeds

The fruit weevils of quercus acutissima are present in the fruit skin, cannot be identified from the appearance, and are highly damaged by insect pests, so that it is necessary to perform a disinsection treatment before sowing. Rinsing the seeds, removing the rinsed seeds, soaking the rest seeds in warm water at 50 ℃ for 15min for 2d, drying the seeds in the shade, placing the seeds in a ventilated room without direct sunlight and at the temperature of 4 ℃ for mixed sand storage, mixing 1 part of the seeds with 4 parts of sand, holding the sand into a ball by hand and placing the ball on the ground to disperse, periodically sprinkling water to keep the humidity of the seeds, and turning the seeds once every 13 days.

(III) accelerating germination of seeds

And 8d before sowing, soaking seeds for 2d to ensure that the seeds fully absorb water, paving 2 layers of straw curtains on a germination accelerating field at 12 ℃, spreading the soaked seeds out, paving 1 layer of straw curtains on the seeds, spraying water to ensure that the seeds are wet, and sowing after about 80% of the seeds are exposed to the air.

(IV) seedling substrate configuration and module production

1) The substrate material is mainly selected from materials which have rich organic matter content and strong water absorption with certain fiber length, and comprises 20 parts of yellow loam (raw loess), 30 parts of turfy soil, 20 parts of decomposed peanut shells, 20 parts of wood fibers, 10 parts of vermiculite and 2 parts of water-retaining agents in parts by weight.

2) Determining the pressing density of the seedling raising module through a pressing test: the compression ratio is controlled within the range of 2.5: 1;

3) according to the design size, pressing a matrix module, wherein the height of the matrix module before pressing is 10cm, and the diameter of the matrix module is 8 cm; the upper inner cavity is hollow, the height is 4cm, and the diameter is about 2 cm; the height of the matrix module is 4cm after pressing, and the diameter of the matrix module is 8 cm; the upper inner cavity is hollow, the height is 1.6cm, and the diameter is about 2 cm;

(V) sowing and raising seedlings

1) Before seedling culture, the pressed seedling culture module fully absorbs water and expands;

2) and (3) dropping the seeds subjected to germination accelerating and whitening in the holes on the seedling raising module, horizontally placing the seeds in the holes, wherein the number of the seeds is 1 per hole, and covering soil with the thickness of 3-4 cm, and raising seedlings for forestation.

(VI) afforestation of seedlings

(1) Selection of afforestation sites

The pH value of the afforestation land is 6.5-7.5, the soil layer thickness is more than or equal to 30cm, the gravel is less than or equal to 35%, the soil is loose, the fertility is moderate, and the middle-low mountain and hilly land with good drainage is selected.

(2) Season of planting

Afforesting container seedlings in a non-soil freezing period, mainly in rainy seasons and secondarily in other seasons; the forestation can be properly postponed under the conditions of drought in weather, low water content of soil and no irrigation.

(3) Density of planting

The planting density depends on local conditions, and the initial planting density is generally 220-330 plants/mu.

(4) Seedling selection

And (4) selecting seedlings which are strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and lignified for afforestation.

(5) Digging planting hole

The diameter of the planting hole is 6-8 cm larger than that of the matrix module, and the depth of the planting hole exceeds that of the matrix module by 3-5 cm.

(6) Transplanting of seedlings

(7) Management of non-forestry

A. Arranging an insect-proof net: the quercus acutissima seedlings are slow in growth speed and poor in insect pest resistance, in order to prevent the invasion of insect pests to tender leaves in the seedling stage, the seedlings are covered by physical measures, the insect-proof net is made of metal, the grid density is 50 meshes, and the detailed picture is shown in figure 3.

C. And (3) pest and disease management: common pests and diseases of quercus acutissima include castanea mollissima, robinia fusca, longicorn beetle, robusta leaf rust disease and the like, and for the pests, the pests are killed by adopting insecticidal eggs and light trapping or by using 25% dimethoate emulsion diluent or 40% insecticidal emulsion diluent and the like. For leaf rust disease and the like, 2% potassium sulfate can be used for preventing or removing diseased leaves and burning the diseased branches intensively.

D. And (5) managing the saplings.

The seedling substrate obtained by the quercus acutissima seedling barren mountain afforestation technology through the method is high in nutrient content, light in weight, strong in water and fertilizer retention capacity, capable of reducing the frequency of maintenance and watering, capable of effectively relieving the problems of drought and barrenness of afforestation land and the like, and capable of reducing the cost of manual maintenance and management. The invention adopts lignified seedlings for afforestation, breaks the limitation of afforestation seasons and can realize afforestation more than one year.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A technique for afforesting quercus acutissima seedling barren mountains is characterized in that the specific technical scheme of the afforestation technique is as follows:

(one) seed source and seed selection

Selecting areas with similar climate and soil to the forestation land; the seeds are required to be full, neat in fruit shape and uniform in particle;

(II) disinsection and storage of seeds

Rinsing seeds, removing the rinsed seeds, soaking the rest seeds in warm water at 40-60 ℃ for 10-20min for 1-3d, drying the seeds in the shade, placing the seeds in a ventilated room without direct sunlight and at the temperature of 0-6 ℃ for mixed sand storage, wherein 1 part of the seeds at room temperature are mixed with 3-4 parts of sand, the sand needs to be held by hands to form a cluster and placed on the ground to be scattered, regularly sprinkling water to keep the humidity of the seeds, and turning over the seeds once every 10-15 days;

(III) accelerating germination of seeds

7-10 days before sowing, soaking seeds for 1-2 days to ensure that the seeds fully absorb water, paving 1-2 layers of straw curtains on a germination accelerating field at 10-16 ℃, then paving the soaked seeds, paving 1 layer of straw curtains on the seeds, spraying water to ensure that the seeds are wet, and sowing after about 80% of the seeds are exposed to the white;

(IV) seedling substrate configuration and module production

1) Preparing a seedling culture substrate according to the component requirements of the substrate material;

4) air-drying and molding the pressed module, and putting the molded module into a matched container for use in seeding and seedling raising;

(V) sowing and raising seedlings

Before seedling culture, the pressed seedling culture module fully absorbs water and expands; the seeds after germination accelerating and whitening are placed in holes in the seedling raising module, the seeds are horizontally placed in the holes, the number of the seeds is 1, the thickness of the covering soil is 3-4 cm, and the seedlings are raised for forestation;

(VI) afforestation of seedlings

(1) Selection of afforestation sites

Selecting middle and low mountain and hilly lands with pH value of 6.5-7.5, soil layer thickness of more than or equal to 30cm, gravel of less than or equal to 35%, loose soil and moderate fertility for afforestation;

(2) season of planting

Forestation is carried out in the non-soil freezing period;

(3) density of planting

The initial planting density is 220-330 plants/mu;

(4) seedling selection

Selecting strong, disease and insect pest-free and lignified seedlings for afforestation;

(5) digging planting hole

The diameter of the planting hole is 6-8 cm larger than that of the matrix module, and the depth of the planting hole exceeds that of the matrix module by 3-5 cm;

(6) transplanting of seedlings

When planting, seedling raising module is carried out, the stems are kept vertical, the depth is proper, compaction is carried out after soil filling, and after watering, the deficient soil is covered;

(7) management of non-forestry

(8) Stumping young forests: after 3-4 years, leveling stubbles 1-2 cm away from the ground in winter, selecting 1-2 upright and stout sprouts in autumn next year to foster the forest, and removing all the rest sprouts;

2. The technique for afforesting the quercus acutissima seedling barren hill as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix material comprises, by weight, 20 parts of yellow loam (raw loess), 30 parts of turfy soil, 20 parts of decomposed peanut shells, 20 parts of wood fibers, 10 parts of vermiculite and 1-2 parts of water-retaining agent.

3. The technique for afforesting the barren mountain of quercus acutissima seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of yellow loam (raw loess) in the matrix material component is less than or equal to 2mm, and the particle size of peatmoss, decomposed peanut shells and wood fibers is less than or equal to 5 mm.

4. The technique for afforesting the barren mountain of quercus acutissima seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the seedling module after being pressed is the same as that before being pressed after being fully expanded by absorbing water, and the height of the seedling module after being pressed deviates by no more than 5% from that before being pressed.

5. The technique for afforesting the quercus acutissima seedling barren hill as claimed in claim 1, wherein the afforestation in the rainy season is mainly carried out, and the afforestation is properly delayed when the conditions of dry weather, low soil moisture content and no irrigation are met in the planting season.