CN111543564A - Slow-sinking expanded compound feed for siganus oramin and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Slow-sinking expanded compound feed for siganus oramin and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111543564A CN111543564A CN202010304608.9A CN202010304608A CN111543564A CN 111543564 A CN111543564 A CN 111543564A CN 202010304608 A CN202010304608 A CN 202010304608A CN 111543564 A CN111543564 A CN 111543564A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- feed
- compound feed
- vitamin
- fish
- Prior art date
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- Pending
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 241001274981 Siganus canaliculatus Species 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 241000317936 Siganus guttatus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 240000007849 Macleaya cordata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 229930003270 Vitamin B Natural products 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- AZJQQNWSSLCLJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyquinoline Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=NC(OCC)=CC=C21 AZJQQNWSSLCLJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004151 Calcium iodate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011665 D-biotin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000000638 D-biotin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N [14c]-nicotinamide Chemical compound N[14C](=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FAPWYRCQGJNNSJ-UBKPKTQASA-L calcium D-pantothenic acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC([O-])=O.OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC([O-])=O FAPWYRCQGJNNSJ-UBKPKTQASA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- UHWJJLGTKIWIJO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium iodate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]I(=O)=O.[O-]I(=O)=O UHWJJLGTKIWIJO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019390 calcium iodate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XBDUTCVQJHJTQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate monohydrate Chemical compound O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O XBDUTCVQJHJTQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- ISPYRSDWRDQNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate Chemical compound O.[Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ISPYRSDWRDQNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical group O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940118149 zinc sulfate monohydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- RNZCSKGULNFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;hydrogen sulfate;hydroxide Chemical compound O.[Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RNZCSKGULNFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229940062672 calcium dihydrogen phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000018977 lysine Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000006109 methionine Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 125000001176 L-lysyl group Chemical class [H]N([H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)[*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(N([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241001274978 Siganus Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methionine Chemical class CSCCC(N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241001275794 Siganidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003359 percent control normalization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000239250 Copepoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001274189 Pomatomus saltatrix Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930003448 Vitamin K Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N phylloquinone Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(C)CCC(C)CCCC(=CCC1=C(C)C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O)C SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005282 vitamin D3 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011647 vitamin D3 Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N vitamin D3 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019168 vitamin K Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011712 vitamin K Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003721 vitamin K derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940021056 vitamin d3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940046010 vitamin k Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a slow-sinking expanded compound feed for siganus guttatus as well as a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 34-42 parts of fish meal, 18-22 parts of flour, 1-3 parts of seaweed gel, 20-24 parts of soybean meal, 1-3 parts of corn protein powder, 2-5 parts of cassava starch, 1-4 parts of vital gluten, 2-4 parts of fish oil, 1-2 parts of phospholipid oil, 1-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.5 part of choline chloride, 1-2 parts of a marine fish premix and 0.1-0.2 part of macleaya cordata. Compared with the traditional floating feed, the slowly sinking expanded compound feed disclosed by the invention better conforms to the ingestion habit of siganids, the feed utilization rate is higher, the ingestion among individuals is more uniform, and the fish body specification is more regular; compared with sinking feed, the slowly sinking puffed compound feed also has the characteristics of difficult erosion and collapse and difficult water pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fish feed, and relates to slow-sinking expanded compound feed for siganus guttatus, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Siganidae (Siganidae) are distributed from east to the middle of the pacific in africa, south to australia, north to japan. The method is mainly produced in the south China sea, the south east China sea and other sea areas. The fish meat is tender in texture, delicious in taste and free of muscle pricks, is deeply loved by consumers, has larger and larger market demand in recent years, and the scale of seawater intensive culture is gradually enlarged, so that better economic benefit is obtained. The siganus oramin belongs to demersal fish, takes algae, copepods, crustaceans, fish larvae and the like as food, belongs to omnivorous fish, and also takes artificial compound feed.
The traditional floating feed has many advantages, but is not beneficial to the ingestion of the bluefish living on the bottom layer. The sinking feed has the defects of easy dissolution, erosion, dispersion, easy water pollution and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a slow-sinking expanded compound feed for siganus guttatus as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The feed is suitable for intensive siganus oramin cage culture, and compared with the traditional floating feed, the feed more conforms to the ingestion habit of siganus guttata, the feed utilization rate is higher, the ingestion among individuals is more uniform, and the fish body specification is more regular.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a slow-sinking expanded compound feed for siganus oramin comprises the following components in parts by weight: 34-42 parts of fish meal, 18-22 parts of flour, 1-3 parts of seaweed gel, 20-24 parts of soybean meal, 1-3 parts of corn protein powder, 2-5 parts of cassava starch, 1-4 parts of vital gluten, 2-4 parts of fish oil, 1-2 parts of phospholipid oil, 1-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.5 part of choline chloride, 1-2 parts of a marine fish premix and 0.1-0.2 part of macleaya cordata.
Further, the feed also comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-0.2 part of mildew preventive and 0.01-0.03 part of antioxidant. In order to prolong the storage time of the feed, a mildew inhibitor and an antioxidant can be added.
Further, the mildew preventive is propionic acid, and the antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline.
Further, the feed also comprises the following components in parts by weight: lysine 0.3-1 weight portions and methionine 0.2-0.5 weight portions. Lysine and methionine can be added to meet the growth requirement of the siganus oramin and ensure that the culture effect of the feed is better.
Further, the feed is prepared by adopting an extrusion and expansion process.
Furthermore, the finished product of the feed has the expansion degree of 1.1-1.3, the volume weight of 580-620g/L, the water content of 8-9.5 percent, the floating rate of less than 5 percent, the thickness of 1.2-1.8cm and the water-resistant time of more than or equal to 2 hours.
Further, every 1kg of the premix for the marine fish comprises the following components: 0.75g of vitamin A (50 ten thousand IU/g), 0.15g of vitamin D3(50 ten thousand IU/g), 6.0g of 50% vitamin E, 30.93g of vitamin K, 10.6g of vitamin B, 20.6 g of vitamin B, 60.6 g of vitamin B, 120.004g of vitamin B, 10.5g of vitamin C, 2.4g of D-calcium pantothenate, 4.5g of nicotinamide, 0.19g of folic acid, 0.01g of D-biotin, 4.5g of inositol, 14.49g of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 7.86g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 2.4g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 60g of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 1.6g of 5% cobalt chloride, 1.6g of 5% calcium iodate, 0.4g of 5% sodium selenite and 879.916g of carrier (rice chaff and mountain flour).
A preparation method of slow sinking expanded compound feed for siganus oramin comprises the following steps:
1) premixing: putting the premix of the marine fish, macleaya cordata, seaweed glue and choline chloride into a premixing machine for premixing to obtain a premixing agent;
2) primary crushing: crushing the soybean meal and the corn protein powder for the first time to obtain a crushed material;
3) primary mixing: putting fish meal, flour, wheat gluten, cassava starch and calcium dihydrogen phosphate and the primary crushed materials in the step 2) into a mixer for primary mixing to obtain a primary mixture;
4) superfine grinding: putting the primary mixture obtained in the step 3) into an ultrafine grinder for ultrafine grinding to obtain ultrafine powder;
5) and (3) secondary mixing: putting the superfine crushed material in the step 4), the phospholipid oil and the premixing agent in the step 1) into a mixer for secondary mixing to obtain a secondary mixture;
6) tempering: putting the secondary mixture obtained in the step 5) into a conditioner for conditioning to obtain a conditioned substance;
7) puffing and granulating: putting the quenched and tempered material obtained in the step 6) into a double-screw bulking machine, and performing bulking and granulation to obtain a bulked material;
8) drying: putting the puffed material obtained in the step 7) into a horizontal drying box for drying;
9) oil spraying: putting the dried puffed material into a roller spraying machine for spraying the fish oil;
10) and (3) cooling: and (3) putting the puffed material sprayed with the grease into a cooling tower for cooling to obtain the feed.
Further, in the step 2), the fineness after primary crushing is as follows: 90% of the primary crushed material passes through a standard sieve with 60 meshes;
in the step 4), the fineness after the superfine grinding is as follows: passing 92-95% of the superfine powder through a 80-mesh standard sieve;
in the step 3) and the step 5), after mixing, the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is less than 7 percent;
in the step 6), in the quenching and tempering process, the steam pressure is 0.3-0.4Mpa, the quenching and tempering temperature is 102-105 ℃, the quenching and tempering time is 100-140s, and the water content after quenching and tempering is 25-28 wt%;
in the step 7), the expansion temperature is 102-105 ℃ and the expansion coefficient is 1.1-1.3 in the expansion granulation;
in the step 8), in the drying process, the drying temperature is 95-100 ℃, the drying time is 15-30min, and the moisture of the dried expanded material is 9-10 wt%.
An application of slow sinking expanded compound feed for siganus oramin in siganus guttatus culture.
The seaweed gel is a necessary component for preparing the slow-settling puffed compound feed. The seaweed gel is a natural seaweed extract, has the characteristics of high gelling property and high stability, can improve the cohesiveness of the feed and the stability in water, has the advantages of difficult collapsibility and good viscoelasticity of feed particles in water, improves the utilization rate of the feed, and reduces waste and pollution; and its natural components are easy to digest and have no harmful substances.
The macleaya cordata is rich in alkaloids and flavonoids, has the effects of resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation and promoting growth, and is a component for improving the immunity of the siganus oramin and promoting growth.
Compared with the prior art, the slow sinking feed is produced by an extrusion and puffing process, the sinking speed is slow, a certain time can be kept in the process of descending in water, the cultured siganus guttatus has enough ingestion time, and the slow sinking feed is suitable for the fishes living in the lower layer of the water body. Compared with the traditional floating feed, the slowly sinking expanded compound feed disclosed by the invention better conforms to the ingestion habit of siganids, the feed utilization rate is higher, the ingestion among individuals is more uniform, and the fish body specification is more regular; compared with sinking feed, the slowly sinking puffed compound feed also has the characteristics of difficult erosion and collapse and difficult water pollution.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1:
a slow-sinking puffed compound feed for siganus oramin is prepared by mixing the following raw material components in proportion:
35% of fish meal; 20% of flour; 2% of seaweed gel; 22.7% of soybean meal; 3% of corn protein powder; 3% of cassava starch; 3% of wheat gluten; 4% of fish oil; 2% of phospholipid oil; 2% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate; choline chloride (50%) 0.3%; 2% of seawater fish premix; 98% L-lysine salt 0.6%; 0.3% of 60% DL-methionine salt; macleaya cordata 0.1%. All percentages are by weight.
In order to verify the breeding effect of the feed, a control feed 1 is prepared according to the formula of the traditional puffed compound feed for the siganus guttatus, and the nutritional indexes of the feed are the same as those of the feed in example 1. The raw material components of the control feed 1 are mixed according to the following proportion:
35% of fish meal; 20% of flour; 22.7% of soybean meal; 3% of corn protein powder; 3% of cassava starch; 3% of wheat gluten; 4% of fish oil; 2% of phospholipid oil; 2% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate; choline chloride (50%) 0.3%; 2% of seawater fish premix; 98% L-lysine salt 0.6%; 0.3% of 60% DL-methionine salt; 2.1 percent of bentonite. All percentages are by weight. Wherein the bentonite is used as filler and has no nutritive value.
The feed is prepared according to the process requirement of the slow-sinking puffed compound feed by adopting the proportion. The specific process parameters are as follows: coefficient of variation of raw material mixing uniformity: C.V. < 7%; crushing fineness of raw materials: 92-95% of the raw material passes through a standard sieve of 80 meshes; steam pressure of quenching and tempering: 0.35 Mpa; hardening and tempering temperature: 102-105 ℃; moisture after tempering: 25 to 28 percent; coefficient of expansion: 1.1-1.3; and (3) volume weight of a finished product: 580-620 g/L; thickness of the finished product: 1.2-1.8 cm; moisture content of a finished product: 8% -9.5%; the floating rate is less than 5 percent; the water-resistant time is more than or equal to 2 hours.
The control feed 1 is prepared by adopting the process requirement of the traditional buoyancy puffing compound feed. The specific process parameters are as follows: coefficient of variation of raw material mixing uniformity: C.V. < 7%; crushing fineness of raw materials: 88-92% of the raw material passes through a standard sieve of 80 meshes; steam pressure of quenching and tempering: 0.35 Mpa; hardening and tempering temperature: 100 ℃ to 102 ℃; moisture after tempering: 25 to 28 percent; coefficient of expansion: 1.6-1.8; and (3) volume weight of a finished product: 340-380 g/L; moisture content of a finished product: 8% -9.5%; the floating rate is more than or equal to 95 percent; the water-resistant time is more than or equal to 2 hours.
A contrast culture test is carried out on the sea cages in Shanghai county, Umbeca, Shangxi, Tokyo, village, and the sea cages, the weather, the water temperature and the ingestion activity condition of the siganus are observed and recorded every day, the artificial feeding is carried out 6-8 times every day, and the feeding amount is based on the fact that most fish schools do not eat continuously. The specific cultivation conditions are as follows:
TABLE 1
The test period from 5 days 6 in 2017 to 13 days 9 in 2017 ends for a total of 100 days, and the test results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
| Index (I) | Adult fish specification | Daily gain | Coefficient of bait | Fullness of fertilizer | Survival rate |
| Example 1 | 150g±20g | 1.45 g/day | 1.8 | 2.7g/cm3 | 88％ |
| Control feed 1 | 140g±30g | 1.35 g/day | 2.0 | 2.5g/cm3 | 75％ |
The test result shows that: compared with the traditional floating expanded compound feed, the slow sinking expanded compound feed has the advantages of high growth speed, regular specification, small individual weight difference, low feed coefficient, high fullness and survival rate and good growth performance.
Example 2:
a slow-sinking puffed compound feed for siganus oramin is prepared by mixing the following raw material components in proportion:
38% of fish meal; 18% of flour; 3% of seaweed gel; 20.6% of soybean meal; 3% of corn protein powder; 3% of cassava starch; 3% of wheat gluten; 4% of fish oil; 2% of phospholipid oil; 2% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate; choline chloride (50%) 0.3%; 2% of seawater fish premix; 98% L-lysine salt 0.6%; 0.3% of 60% DL-methionine salt; macleaya cordata 0.2%. All percentages are by weight.
In order to verify the culture effect of the embodiment 2, the control feed 2 is prepared according to the formula of the traditional expanded compound feed for the siganus oramin, and the nutritional indexes of the control feed are the same as those of the embodiment 2. The raw material components of the control feed 2 are mixed according to the following proportion:
38% of fish meal; 18% of flour; 20.6% of soybean meal; 3% of corn protein powder; 3% of cassava starch; 3% of wheat gluten; 4% of fish oil; 2% of phospholipid oil; 2% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate; choline chloride (50%) 0.3%; 2% of seawater fish premix; 98% L-lysine salt 0.6%; 0.3% of 60% DL-methionine salt; 3.2 percent of bentonite. All percentages are by weight. Wherein the bentonite is used as filler and has no nutritive value.
The feed is prepared according to the process requirements of the slow-sinking puffed compound feed by adopting the mixture ratio, and the specific process parameters are as follows: coefficient of variation of raw material mixing uniformity: C.V. < 7%; crushing fineness of raw materials: 92-95% of the raw material passes through a standard sieve of 80 meshes; steam pressure of quenching and tempering: 0.35 Mpa; hardening and tempering temperature: 102-105 ℃; moisture after tempering: 25 to 28 percent; coefficient of expansion: 1.1-1.3; and (3) volume weight of a finished product: 580-620 g/L; thickness of the finished product: 1.2-1.8 cm; moisture content of a finished product: 8% -9.5%; the floating rate is less than 5 percent; the water-resistant time is more than or equal to 2 hours.
The control feed 2 is prepared by adopting the process requirement of the traditional buoyancy puffing compound feed. The specific process parameters are as follows: coefficient of variation of raw material mixing uniformity: C.V. < 7%; crushing fineness of raw materials: 88-92% of the raw material passes through a standard sieve of 80 meshes; steam pressure of quenching and tempering: 0.35 Mpa; hardening and tempering temperature: 100 ℃ to 102 ℃; moisture after tempering: 25 to 28 percent; coefficient of expansion: 1.6-1.8; and (3) volume weight of a finished product: 340-380 g/L; moisture content of a finished product: 8% -9.5%; the floating rate is more than or equal to 95 percent; the water-resistant time is more than or equal to 2 hours.
Carrying out culture tests in seawater cages of Tourpur towns in Dongshan county of Fujian province, observing and recording weather, water temperature and ingestion activity conditions of siganus every day, and manually feeding for 6-8 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is based on that most fish schools do not continuously eat food. The specific cultivation conditions are shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3
The test period ends from 20 days 5/2017 to 19 days 7/2017 for a total of 60 days, and the test results are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4
| Index (I) | Adult fish specification | Daily gain | Coefficient of bait | Fullness of fertilizer | Survival rate |
| Example 2 | 110g±10g | 1.75 g/day | 1.63 | 2.6g/cm3 | 94％ |
| Control feed 2 | 100g±15g | 1.58 g/day | 1.8 | 2.5g/cm3 | 82％ |
The test result shows that: compared with the traditional floating expanded compound feed, the slow sinking siganus expanded compound feed has the advantages of high growth speed, regular specification, small individual weight difference, low feed coefficient, high fullness and survival rate and good growth performance.
Example 3:
a slow-sinking expanded compound feed for siganus guttatus is used for breeding siganus guttatus and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 34 parts of fish meal, 22 parts of flour, 1 part of seaweed gel, 24 parts of soybean meal, 1 part of corn protein powder, 5 parts of cassava starch, 1 part of wheat gluten, 4 parts of fish oil, 1 part of phospholipid oil, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2 part of choline chloride, 2 parts of seawater fish premix and 0.1 part of macleaya cordata. The feed is prepared by adopting an extrusion and puffing process. The finished product of the feed has the swelling degree of 1.3, the volume weight of 580g/L, the water content of 9.5 percent, the floating rate of less than 5 percent, the thickness of 1.2cm and the water-resistant time of more than or equal to 2 hours.
Every 1kg of the premix for the marine fish comprises the following components: 0.75g of vitamin A, 30.15g of vitamin D, 6.0g of vitamin E, K30.93g of vitamin B, 10.6g of vitamin B, 20.6 g of vitamin B, 60.6 g of vitamin B, 120.004g of vitamin B, 10.5g of vitamin C, 2.4g of D-calcium pantothenate, 4.5g of nicotinamide, 0.19g of folic acid, 0.01g of D-biotin, 4.5g of inositol, 14.49g of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 7.86g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 2.4g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 60g of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 1.6g of cobalt chloride, 1.6g of calcium iodate, 0.4g of sodium selenite and 879.916g of carrier.
The preparation method of the compound feed comprises the following steps:
1) premixing: premixing the premix of the marine fish, macleaya cordata, seaweed glue and choline chloride to obtain a premixing agent;
2) primary crushing: crushing the soybean meal and the corn protein powder for the first time to obtain a crushed material; the fineness after primary crushing is as follows: 90% of the primary crushed material passes through a standard sieve with 60 meshes;
3) primary mixing: mixing fish meal, flour, wheat gluten, cassava starch and monocalcium phosphate with the primary crushed material in the step 2) for the first time to obtain a primary mixture; after mixing, the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is less than 7 percent;
4) superfine grinding: carrying out superfine grinding on the primary mixture in the step 3) to obtain superfine powder; the fineness after the superfine grinding is as follows: passing 95% of the superfine powder through a 80-mesh standard sieve;
5) and (3) secondary mixing: mixing the superfine crushed material in the step 4), the phospholipid oil and the premixing agent in the step 1) for the second time to obtain a secondary mixture; after mixing, the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is less than 7 percent;
6) tempering: tempering the secondary mixture obtained in the step 5) to obtain a tempered substance; in the quenching and tempering process, the steam pressure is 0.3Mpa, the quenching and tempering temperature is 105 ℃, the quenching and tempering time is 100s, and the water content after quenching and tempering is 28 wt%;
7) puffing and granulating: carrying out expansion granulation on the modified material in the step 6) to obtain an expanded material; in the expansion and granulation, the expansion temperature is 102 ℃, and the expansion coefficient is 1.3;
8) drying: drying the puffed material in the step 7); in the drying process, the drying temperature is 95 ℃, the drying time is 30min, and the moisture of the dried expanded material is 9 wt%;
9) oil spraying: spraying fish oil on the dried puffed material;
10) and (3) cooling: cooling the puffed material after the oil is sprayed to obtain the compound feed.
Example 4:
a slow-sinking expanded compound feed for siganus guttatus is used for breeding siganus guttatus and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 42 parts of fish meal, 18 parts of flour, 3 parts of seaweed gel, 20 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of corn protein powder, 2 parts of cassava starch, 4 parts of vital gluten, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of phospholipid oil, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 1 part of seawater fish premix and 0.2 part of macleaya cordata. The feed is prepared by adopting an extrusion and puffing process. The finished product of the feed has the expansion degree of 1.1, the volume weight of 620g/L, the water content of 8 percent, the floating water rate of less than 5 percent, the thickness of 1.8cm and the water-resistant time of more than or equal to 2 hours.
Every 1kg of the premix for the marine fish comprises the following components: 0.75g of vitamin A, 30.15g of vitamin D, 6.0g of vitamin E, K30.93g of vitamin B, 10.6g of vitamin B, 20.6 g of vitamin B, 60.6 g of vitamin B, 120.004g of vitamin B, 10.5g of vitamin C, 2.4g of D-calcium pantothenate, 4.5g of nicotinamide, 0.19g of folic acid, 0.01g of D-biotin, 4.5g of inositol, 14.49g of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 7.86g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 2.4g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 60g of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 1.6g of cobalt chloride, 1.6g of calcium iodate, 0.4g of sodium selenite and 879.916g of carrier.
The preparation method of the compound feed comprises the following steps:
1) premixing: premixing the premix of the marine fish, macleaya cordata, seaweed glue and choline chloride to obtain a premixing agent;
2) primary crushing: crushing the soybean meal and the corn protein powder for the first time to obtain a crushed material; the fineness after primary crushing is as follows: 90% of the primary crushed material passes through a standard sieve with 60 meshes;
3) primary mixing: mixing fish meal, flour, wheat gluten, cassava starch and monocalcium phosphate with the primary crushed material in the step 2) for the first time to obtain a primary mixture; after mixing, the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is less than 7 percent;
4) superfine grinding: carrying out superfine grinding on the primary mixture in the step 3) to obtain superfine powder; the fineness after the superfine grinding is as follows: passing 92% of the superfine powder through a 80-mesh standard sieve;
5) and (3) secondary mixing: mixing the superfine crushed material in the step 4), the phospholipid oil and the premixing agent in the step 1) for the second time to obtain a secondary mixture; after mixing, the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is less than 7 percent;
6) tempering: tempering the secondary mixture obtained in the step 5) to obtain a tempered substance; in the quenching and tempering process, the steam pressure is 0.4Mpa, the quenching and tempering temperature is 102 ℃, the quenching and tempering time is 140s, and the water content after quenching and tempering is 25 wt%;
7) puffing and granulating: carrying out expansion granulation on the modified material in the step 6) to obtain an expanded material; in the puffing and granulating process, the puffing temperature is 105 ℃, and the expansion coefficient is 1.1;
8) drying: drying the puffed material in the step 7); in the drying process, the drying temperature is 100 ℃, the drying time is 15min, and the moisture of the dried expanded material is 10 wt%;
9) oil spraying: spraying fish oil on the dried puffed material;
10) and (3) cooling: cooling the puffed material after the oil is sprayed to obtain the compound feed.
Example 5:
a slow-sinking expanded compound feed for siganus guttatus is used for breeding siganus guttatus and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 38 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of flour, 2 parts of seaweed gel, 22 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of corn protein powder, 3 parts of cassava starch, 3 parts of wheat gluten, 3 parts of fish oil, 1.5 parts of phospholipid oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 part of choline chloride, 1.5 parts of seawater fish premix and 0.15 part of macleaya cordata. The feed is prepared by adopting an extrusion and puffing process. The finished product of the feed has the expansion degree of 1.2, the volume weight of 600g/L, the water content of 9 percent, the floating rate of less than 5 percent, the thickness of 1.5cm and the water-resistant time of more than or equal to 2 hours.
Every 1kg of the premix for the marine fish comprises the following components: 0.75g of vitamin A, 30.15g of vitamin D, 6.0g of vitamin E, K30.93g of vitamin B, 10.6g of vitamin B, 20.6 g of vitamin B, 60.6 g of vitamin B, 120.004g of vitamin B, 10.5g of vitamin C, 2.4g of D-calcium pantothenate, 4.5g of nicotinamide, 0.19g of folic acid, 0.01g of D-biotin, 4.5g of inositol, 14.49g of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 7.86g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 2.4g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 60g of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 1.6g of cobalt chloride, 1.6g of calcium iodate, 0.4g of sodium selenite and 879.916g of carrier.
The preparation method of the compound feed comprises the following steps:
1) premixing: premixing the premix of the marine fish, macleaya cordata, seaweed glue and choline chloride to obtain a premixing agent;
2) primary crushing: crushing the soybean meal and the corn protein powder for the first time to obtain a crushed material; the fineness after primary crushing is as follows: 90% of the primary crushed material passes through a standard sieve with 60 meshes;
3) primary mixing: mixing fish meal, flour, wheat gluten, cassava starch and monocalcium phosphate with the primary crushed material in the step 2) for the first time to obtain a primary mixture; after mixing, the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is less than 7 percent;
4) superfine grinding: carrying out superfine grinding on the primary mixture in the step 3) to obtain superfine powder; the fineness after the superfine grinding is as follows: passing 94% of the superfine crushed material through a standard sieve of 80 meshes;
5) and (3) secondary mixing: mixing the superfine crushed material in the step 4), the phospholipid oil and the premixing agent in the step 1) for the second time to obtain a secondary mixture; after mixing, the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is less than 7 percent;
6) tempering: tempering the secondary mixture obtained in the step 5) to obtain a tempered substance; in the quenching and tempering process, the steam pressure is 0.35Mpa, the quenching and tempering temperature is 103 ℃, the quenching and tempering time is 120s, and the water content after quenching and tempering is 27 wt%;
7) puffing and granulating: carrying out expansion granulation on the modified material in the step 6) to obtain an expanded material; in the expansion granulation, the expansion temperature is 104 ℃, and the expansion coefficient is 1.2;
8) drying: drying the puffed material in the step 7); in the drying process, the drying temperature is 97 ℃, the drying time is 22min, and the moisture of the dried expanded material is 9.5 wt%;
9) oil spraying: spraying fish oil on the dried puffed material;
10) and (3) cooling: cooling the puffed material after the oil is sprayed to obtain the compound feed.
Example 6:
a slow-sinking expanded compound feed for siganus guttatus is used for breeding siganus guttatus and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 38 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of flour, 2 parts of seaweed gel, 22 parts of bean pulp, 2 parts of corn protein powder, 3 parts of cassava starch, 3 parts of wheat gluten, 3 parts of fish oil, 1.5 parts of phospholipid oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 part of choline chloride, 1.5 parts of marine fish premix, 0.15 part of macleaya cordata, 0.2 part of mildew preventive, 0.03 part of antioxidant, 1 part of lysine and 0.5 part of methionine. The mildew inhibitor is propionic acid, and the antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline.
Example 7:
a slow-sinking expanded compound feed for siganus guttatus is used for breeding siganus guttatus and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 38 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of flour, 2 parts of seaweed gel, 22 parts of bean pulp, 2 parts of corn protein powder, 3 parts of cassava starch, 3 parts of wheat gluten, 3 parts of fish oil, 1.5 parts of phospholipid oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 part of choline chloride, 1.5 parts of marine fish premix, 0.15 part of macleaya cordata, 0.3 part of lysine and 0.2 part of methionine.
Example 8:
a slow-sinking expanded compound feed for siganus guttatus is used for breeding siganus guttatus and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 38 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of flour, 2 parts of seaweed gel, 22 parts of bean pulp, 2 parts of corn protein powder, 3 parts of cassava starch, 3 parts of wheat gluten, 3 parts of fish oil, 1.5 parts of phospholipid oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 part of choline chloride, 1.5 parts of marine fish premix, 0.15 part of macleaya cordata, 0.1 part of mildew preventive and 0.01 part of antioxidant. The mildew inhibitor is propionic acid, and the antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline.
Example 9:
a slow-sinking expanded compound feed for siganus guttatus is used for breeding siganus guttatus and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 38 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of flour, 2 parts of seaweed gel, 22 parts of bean pulp, 2 parts of corn protein powder, 3 parts of cassava starch, 3 parts of wheat gluten, 3 parts of fish oil, 1.5 parts of phospholipid oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 part of choline chloride, 1.5 parts of marine fish premix, 0.15 part of macleaya cordata, 0.15 part of mildew preventive, 0.02 part of antioxidant, 0.7 part of lysine and 0.4 part of methionine. The mildew inhibitor is propionic acid, and the antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The slow-sinking expanded compound feed for siganus oramin is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 34-42 parts of fish meal, 18-22 parts of flour, 1-3 parts of seaweed gel, 20-24 parts of soybean meal, 1-3 parts of corn protein powder, 2-5 parts of cassava starch, 1-4 parts of vital gluten, 2-4 parts of fish oil, 1-2 parts of phospholipid oil, 1-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.5 part of choline chloride, 1-2 parts of a marine fish premix and 0.1-0.2 part of macleaya cordata.
2. The slow sinking expanded compound feed for siganus oramin according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-0.2 part of mildew preventive and 0.01-0.03 part of antioxidant.
3. The slow sinking expanded compound feed for siganus oramin as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mildew inhibitor is propionic acid, and the antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline.
4. The slow sinking expanded compound feed for siganus oramin according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising the following components in parts by weight: lysine 0.3-1 weight portions and methionine 0.2-0.5 weight portions.
5. The slow sinking expanded compound feed for siganus oramin according to claim 1, which is prepared by an extrusion expansion process.
6. The slow sinking expanded compound feed for siganus oramin as claimed in claim 5, wherein the finished product of the feed has an expansion degree of 1.1-1.3, a bulk weight of 580-620g/L, a water content of 8-9.5%, a floating rate of less than 5%, a thickness of 1.2-1.8cm, and a water-resistant time of not less than 2 h.
7. The slow sinking expanded compound feed for siganus oramin according to claim 1, wherein each 1kg of the premix for siganus guttatus comprises the following components: 0.75g of vitamin A, 30.15g of vitamin D, 6.0g of vitamin E, K30.93g of vitamin, 10.6g of vitamin B, 20.6 g of vitamin B, 60.6 g of vitamin B, 120.004g of vitamin B, 10.5g of vitamin C, 2.4g of D-calcium pantothenate, 4.5g of nicotinamide, 0.19g of folic acid, 0.01g of D-biotin, 4.5g of inositol, 14.49g of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 7.86g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 2.4g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 60g of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 1.6g of cobalt chloride, 1.6g of calcium iodate, 0.4g of sodium selenite and 879.916g of carrier.
8. A method for preparing a slow sinking expanded compound feed for siganids according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
1) premixing: premixing the premix of the marine fish, macleaya cordata, seaweed glue and choline chloride to obtain a premixing agent;
2) primary crushing: crushing the soybean meal and the corn protein powder for the first time to obtain a crushed material;
3) primary mixing: mixing fish meal, flour, wheat gluten, cassava starch and monocalcium phosphate with the primary crushed material in the step 2) for the first time to obtain a primary mixture;
4) superfine grinding: carrying out superfine grinding on the primary mixture in the step 3) to obtain superfine powder;
5) and (3) secondary mixing: mixing the superfine crushed material in the step 4), the phospholipid oil and the premixing agent in the step 1) for the second time to obtain a secondary mixture;
6) tempering: tempering the secondary mixture obtained in the step 5) to obtain a tempered substance;
7) puffing and granulating: carrying out expansion granulation on the modified material in the step 6) to obtain an expanded material;
8) drying: drying the puffed material in the step 7);
9) oil spraying: spraying fish oil on the dried puffed material;
10) and (3) cooling: and cooling the puffed material after the oil is sprayed to obtain the feed.
9. The method for preparing slow sinking expanded compound feed for siganus oramin according to claim 8,
in the step 2), the fineness after primary crushing is as follows: 90% of the primary crushed material passes through a standard sieve with 60 meshes;
in the step 4), the fineness after the superfine grinding is as follows: passing 92-95% of the superfine powder through a 80-mesh standard sieve;
in the step 3) and the step 5), after mixing, the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is less than 7 percent;
in the step 6), in the quenching and tempering process, the steam pressure is 0.3-0.4Mpa, the quenching and tempering temperature is 102-105 ℃, the quenching and tempering time is 100-140s, and the water content after quenching and tempering is 25-28 wt%;
in the step 7), the expansion temperature is 102-105 ℃ and the expansion coefficient is 1.1-1.3 in the expansion granulation;
in the step 8), in the drying process, the drying temperature is 95-100 ℃, the drying time is 15-30min, and the moisture of the dried expanded material is 9-10 wt%.
10. Use of a slow sinking expanded compound feed for siganids according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in siganids farming.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN111937788A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-17 | 珠海海龙生物科技有限公司 | Feed for preventing body of yellow catfish flowers as well as preparation method and application of feed |
| CN111937787A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-17 | 珠海海龙生物科技有限公司 | Feed for preventing pelteobagrus fulvidraco from rotting body and application thereof |
| CN112385753A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-02-23 | 福建天马科技集团股份有限公司 | Puffed floating open feed for marine fish seedlings and processing method thereof |
| CN115104684A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-27 | 湖北裕泰科技饲料有限公司 | Semi-submerged type puffed feed for mixed culture fish, and preparation method and device thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111937788A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-17 | 珠海海龙生物科技有限公司 | Feed for preventing body of yellow catfish flowers as well as preparation method and application of feed |
| CN111937787A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-17 | 珠海海龙生物科技有限公司 | Feed for preventing pelteobagrus fulvidraco from rotting body and application thereof |
| CN112385753A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-02-23 | 福建天马科技集团股份有限公司 | Puffed floating open feed for marine fish seedlings and processing method thereof |
| CN115104684A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-27 | 湖北裕泰科技饲料有限公司 | Semi-submerged type puffed feed for mixed culture fish, and preparation method and device thereof |
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