CN111937788A - Feed for preventing body of yellow catfish flowers as well as preparation method and application of feed - Google Patents

Feed for preventing body of yellow catfish flowers as well as preparation method and application of feed Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111937788A
CN111937788A CN202010870750.XA CN202010870750A CN111937788A CN 111937788 A CN111937788 A CN 111937788A CN 202010870750 A CN202010870750 A CN 202010870750A CN 111937788 A CN111937788 A CN 111937788A
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parts
feed
vitamin
soybean
meal
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李经奇
贠彪
张凯凯
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Zhuhai Hailong Biotechnology Co ltd
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Zhuhai Hailong Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a feed for preventing pelteobagrus fulvidraco flowers, which comprises the following components: fish meal, hydrolyzed fish protein powder, soybean protein concentrate, spray-dried blood cell protein powder, beer yeast, meat and bone meal, fermented soybean meal, corn protein powder, seaweed meal, flour, corn, soybean oil, soybean phospholipid oil, monocalcium phosphate, vitamin C phosphate, vitamin A, vitamin D and a premix additive; the invention also discloses a preparation method and application of the feed. The feed disclosed by the invention can effectively enhance the immunity of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, prevent the occurrence of the body disease or rotten body disease, has a better treatment effect on the pelteobagrus fulvidraco suffering from the body disease or rotten body disease, and can improve the culture water environment, protect the liver and intestine of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, improve the culture survival rate and increase the culture benefit.

Description

Feed for preventing body of yellow catfish flowers as well as preparation method and application of feed
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquatic fish feed, and particularly relates to feed for preventing pelteobagrus fulvidraco body and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The yellow catfish belongs to the catfish order, the leiocassis family, the genus of yellow catfish, commonly known as yellow croaker, yellow wax, gala, etc., is widely distributed in China, and is a demersal omnivorous carnivorous fish. The most remarkable characteristic of the yellow catfish is that the body surface is not scaled, so the yellow catfish is also called scaleless fish. The fish meat is tender, delicious and high in nutritive value, has nourishing effect and medicinal value, and is one of the economic freshwater fishes important in China.
In recent years, the pelteobagrus fulvidraco gradually becomes an important freshwater aquaculture economic fish in China, and due to the small size and low yield of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the benefit brought by low-density pelteobagrus fulvidraco aquaculture is increasingly poor along with the increase of costs of pond renting, labor and the like. Therefore, high-density cultivation is gradually tried in some areas, and with the development of cultivation in recent years, more and more farmers select to increase the cultivation density to obtain better cultivation benefits. The yellow catfish does not have scales per se, and the market terminal has strict requirements on the body color of the yellow catfish, so the profitability of farmers lies in the survival rate on one hand, and the body color is normal on the other hand. The improvement of the breeding density brings a series of problems, including water quality deterioration, fish immunity reduction, disease frequency and the like, wherein the most significant influence on the profitability of the breeders is the body-blooming problem of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco when selling the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the problem can cause the market acceptance of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco to be reduced, and the breeders can only sell the pelteobagrus fulvidraco at a low price, so that the profitability of the breeders is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide the feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish, and the preparation method and the application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish comprises the following components: fish meal, hydrolyzed fish protein powder, soybean protein concentrate, spray-dried blood cell protein powder, beer yeast, meat and bone meal, fermented soybean meal, corn protein powder, seaweed meal, flour, corn, soybean oil, soybean phospholipid oil, monocalcium phosphate, vitamin C phosphate, vitamin A, vitamin D and a premix additive.
The yellow catfish body is mainly caused by vitamin deficiency, low immunity and external stress, the feed disclosed by the invention is additionally added with key vitamins, the deficiency of the key vitamins is compensated, corresponding damage is repaired, and the stress is reduced, and meanwhile, algal polysaccharides and mannitol in seaweed meal and probiotics in beer yeast can improve the immunity of the yellow catfish; the feed of the invention mainly uses fish meal, hydrolyzed fish protein, blood ball powder and meat and bone powder to provide animal protein, uses soybean protein concentrate, fermented soybean meal and corn protein powder to provide plant protein, and uses seaweed meal, vitamins and beer yeast as functional raw materials.
As a preferred technical scheme, the fish meal comprises domestic fish meal.
As a preferred technical scheme, the weight portions of the components are as follows: 10-15 parts of domestic fish meal, 4-6 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 4-6 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 3-6 parts of spray-dried blood cell protein powder, 3-6 parts of beer yeast, 10-15 parts of meat and bone meal, 15-18 parts of fermented soybean meal, 8-12 parts of corn protein powder, 2-6 parts of seaweed meal, 8-12 parts of flour, 5-8 parts of corn, 3-5 parts of soybean oil, 1.5-2 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.4 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1-0.2 part of vitamin A, 0.3-0.4 part of vitamin D and 2-3 parts of premix additives.
The feed is designed by combining the accumulated research and development results and matching the culture requirements of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and in order to achieve the technical effect of the feed, the use amounts of vitamins, seaweed meal and beer yeast are properly increased.
As a preferred technical scheme, the weight portions of the components are as follows: 12-14 parts of domestic fish meal, 5-6 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 4-5 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 4-5 parts of spray-dried blood cell protein powder, 5-6 parts of beer yeast, 12-13 parts of meat and bone meal, 15-16 parts of fermented soybean meal, 9-10 parts of corn protein powder, 3-5 parts of seaweed meal, 10-11 parts of flour, 6-7 parts of corn, 3-4 parts of soybean oil, 1.5-2 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3-0.4 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1-0.2 part of vitamin A, 0.3-0.4 part of vitamin D and 2-3 parts of premix additive.
As a preferred technical scheme, the weight portions of the components are as follows: 13 parts of domestic fish meal, 6 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 4 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 4 parts of spray-dried blood cell protein powder, 5 parts of beer yeast, 12 parts of meat and bone meal, 15 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of corn protein powder, 4 parts of seaweed meal, 11 parts of flour, 7 parts of corn, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.2 part of vitamin A, 0.4 part of vitamin D and 2 parts of premix additive.
As a preferred technical scheme, the weight portions of the components are as follows: 15 parts of domestic fish meal, 4 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 4 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 5 parts of spray-dried blood cell protein powder, 4 parts of beer yeast, 12 parts of meat and bone meal, 15 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of corn protein powder, 4 parts of seaweed meal, 12 parts of flour, 6 parts of corn, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1.7 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1 part of vitamin A, 0.3 part of vitamin D and 2 parts of premix additive.
The feed formula of the above preferred technical schemes is subjected to cultivation verification in the cultivation practice process and is finely adjusted by combining the problems to be solved by the invention. The matching of raw materials with the same functions is considered in the aspect of the dosage of the main raw materials, for example, the dosages of beer yeast, vitamin A and vitamin D are properly adjusted upwards to ensure the effect along with the reduction of the dosage of the fish meal.
As a preferable technical scheme, the premix additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6-10 parts of gallnut, 3-5 parts of mannan oligosaccharide, 3-5 parts of taurine, 6-10 parts of chitosan, 10-15 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 5-10 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 20-30 parts of vitamin premix and 20-30 parts of mineral premix.
In the premix additive, Chinese gall, astragalus, eucommia and other Chinese herbal medicines are used for repairing wounds, improving liver and intestinal health and improving immunity, and mannan oligosaccharide, taurine, chitosan and other Chinese herbal medicines are also used for improving immunity of fish bodies.
The vitamin premix and the mineral premix are conventional freshwater fish premixes in the field, and can be purchased on the market.
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of the feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing raw materials of each component in parts by weight;
(2) heating soybean oil and soybean lecithin oil, and mixing to obtain mixed oil; then adding the vitamin A and the vitamin D into the mixed oil for subsequent spraying;
(3) uniformly mixing other raw materials of each component, and crushing the mixture by using an ultrafine crusher to enable the crushed mixture to pass through a sieve with 80-100 meshes to obtain ultrafine crushed mixture;
(4) feeding the superfine crushed materials into a conditioner, and conditioning for 3-3.5 minutes by using steam with the temperature of 100-105 ℃, wherein the steam consumption is 15%; then, feeding the superfine crushed materials into a bulking machine for granulation to obtain feed granules;
(5) and (3) feeding the feed particles into a drying box for drying at the drying temperature of 70-110 ℃, cooling, feeding into a vacuum oil spraying machine, and spraying the mixed oil prepared in the step (2) on the surfaces of the feed particles to obtain the feed.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step (2), the soybean oil and the soybean phospholipid oil are heated at 65-70 ℃ so that the phospholipid oil has increased fluidity and is convenient to spray, and the soybean oil and the soybean phospholipid oil are suitable for the process at 65-70 ℃, so that the oil is easily oxidized when the temperature is too high, and the use titer is reduced.
The second aspect of the invention is to provide the application of the feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish in yellow catfish culture.
The third aspect of the invention provides the application of the feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish in preventing and/or treating the body of the yellow catfish or body rotting diseases.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. gallnut, mannan oligosaccharide, taurine, chitosan, astragalus, eucommia and the like are added, so that the immunity of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is enhanced, the pelteobagrus fulvidraco can be prevented from being infected with the 'body-flower' disease in the breeding process, and the pelteobagrus fulvidraco with the 'body-flower' disease also has a better treatment effect;
2. raw materials such as hydrolyzed fish protein powder, soybean protein concentrate, fermented soybean meal and the like are preferably selected, the digestibility of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco on the feed is improved, and the protein waste is reduced, so that the culture water quality environment is improved, and the cost of the feed is reduced;
3. the protein raw materials such as spray-dried blood cell protein powder, meat and bone meal, corn protein powder and the like are stable in source, and amino acids in the feed are complementary, so that the amino acids do not need to be added additionally;
4. fat-soluble vitamin A and vitamin D are added exogenously, so that loss in the high-temperature granulation process is reduced (part of vitamins cannot resist high temperature and can be oxidized and deteriorated at high temperature, and loss of vitamins can be accelerated due to high temperature and high pressure in the granulation process), the utilization rate is improved, and the cost is reduced;
5. compared with the common feed, the feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish can prevent and/or treat the body disease of the yellow catfish, has the efficacy of protecting the liver and the intestines, can improve the success rate of cultivation, and increases the cultivation benefit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. The reagents, equipment and methods adopted by the invention are all reagents, equipment and methods which are conventionally and commercially available in the technical field and are conventionally used in the technical field.
Example 1
The feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish comprises the following components: 15 parts of domestic fish meal, 4 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 4 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 5 parts of spray-dried blood cell protein powder, 4 parts of beer yeast, 12 parts of meat and bone meal, 15 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of corn protein powder, 4 parts of seaweed meal, 12 parts of flour, 6 parts of corn, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1.7 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1 part of vitamin A, 0.3 part of vitamin D and 2 parts of premix additive.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing raw materials of each component in parts by weight;
(2) heating soybean oil and soybean lecithin oil to 65-70 ℃, and mixing to obtain mixed oil; then adding the vitamin A and the vitamin D into the mixed oil for subsequent spraying;
(3) uniformly mixing other raw materials of each component, and crushing the mixture by using an ultrafine crusher to enable the crushed mixture to pass through a sieve with 80-100 meshes to obtain ultrafine crushed mixture;
(4) feeding the superfine crushed materials into a conditioner, and conditioning for 3-3.5 minutes by using steam with the temperature of 100-105 ℃, wherein the steam consumption is 15%; then, feeding the superfine crushed materials into a bulking machine for granulation to obtain feed granules;
(5) and (3) feeding the feed particles into a drying box for drying at the drying temperature of 70-110 ℃, cooling, feeding into a vacuum oil spraying machine, and spraying the mixed oil prepared in the step (2) on the surfaces of the feed particles to obtain the feed.
The feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish flowers prepared by the embodiment has the crude protein content of about 44.2% and the crude fat content of about 11.4%, and can fully provide nutrient substances required by the growth of the yellow catfish.
Example 2
The feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of domestic fish meal, 6 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 5 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 3 parts of spray-dried blood cell protein powder, 5 parts of beer yeast, 15 parts of meat and bone meal, 16 parts of fermented soybean meal, 8 parts of corn protein powder, 2 parts of seaweed meal, 12 parts of flour, 7 parts of corn, 5 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.2 part of vitamin A, 0.4 part of vitamin D and 2 parts of premix additive.
The preparation method is the same as example 1 and is not repeated herein.
The feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish flowers prepared by the embodiment has the crude protein content of about 44.1% and the crude fat content of about 11.5%, and can fully provide nutrient substances required by the growth of the yellow catfish.
Example 3
The feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish comprises the following components in parts by weight: 13 parts of domestic fish meal, 6 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 4 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 4 parts of spray-dried blood cell protein powder, 5 parts of beer yeast, 12 parts of meat and bone meal, 15 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of corn protein powder, 4 parts of seaweed meal, 11 parts of flour, 7 parts of corn, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.2 part of vitamin A, 0.4 part of vitamin D and 2 parts of premix additive.
The preparation method is the same as example 1 and is not repeated herein.
The feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish flowers prepared by the embodiment has the crude protein content of about 44.3% and the crude fat content of about 11.5%, and can fully provide nutrient substances required by the growth of the yellow catfish.
Example 4
The feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of domestic fish meal, 4 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 6 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 6 parts of spray-dried blood cell protein powder, 3 parts of beer yeast, 10 parts of meat and bone meal, 18 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of corn protein powder, 5 parts of seaweed meal, 8 parts of flour, 7 parts of corn, 4 parts of soybean oil, 1.6 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.2 part of vitamin A, 0.4 part of vitamin D and 3 parts of premix additive.
The preparation method is the same as example 1 and is not repeated herein.
The feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish flowers prepared by the embodiment has the crude protein content of about 44.1% and the crude fat content of about 11.3%, and can fully provide nutrient substances required by the growth of the yellow catfish.
Example 5
The feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish comprises the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of domestic fish meal, 4 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 4 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 6 parts of spray-dried blood cell protein powder, 6 parts of beer yeast, 10 parts of meat and bone meal, 15 parts of fermented soybean meal, 12 parts of corn protein powder, 5 parts of seaweed meal, 10 parts of flour, 5 parts of corn, 4.5 parts of soybean oil, 2 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.2 part of vitamin A, 0.4 part of vitamin D and 3 parts of premix additive.
The preparation method is the same as example 1 and is not repeated herein.
The feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish flowers prepared by the embodiment has the crude protein content of about 44.0% and the crude fat content of about 11.2%, and can fully provide nutrient substances required by the growth of the yellow catfish.
Example 6
The feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of domestic fish meal, 6 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 5 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 5 parts of spray-dried blood cell protein powder, 4 parts of beer yeast, 12 parts of meat and bone meal, 16 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of corn protein powder, 6 parts of seaweed meal, 11 parts of flour, 5 parts of corn, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1.8 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.2 part of vitamin A, 0.3 part of vitamin D and 3 parts of premix additive.
The preparation method is the same as example 1 and is not repeated herein.
The feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish flowers prepared by the embodiment has the crude protein content of about 44.2% and the crude fat content of about 11.2%, and can fully provide nutrient substances required by the growth of the yellow catfish.
Comparative example
The commercial feed for the common pelteobagrus fulvidraco comprises the following components in parts by weight: 16 parts of domestic fish meal, 2 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 5 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 6 parts of spray-dried blood cell protein powder, 10 parts of meat and bone meal, 18 parts of fermented soybean meal, 8 parts of corn protein powder, 9 parts of rapeseed meal, 6 parts of flour, 10 parts of corn, 4 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 3 parts of premix additives.
The feed had a crude protein content of about 44.1% and a crude fat content of about 11.2%.
Test example 1
The test time is 5 months and 5 days to 7 months and 20 days in 2017, and is carried out in Zhou Shanzhen city of Gaoyou, Jiangsu province. Respectively selecting 25 pelteobagrus fulvidraco aquaculture ponds to feed the feeds provided in the embodiments 1 and 2 as a test group 1 and a test group 2; and additionally selecting 25 pelteobagrus fulvidraco aquaculture ponds to feed the common pelteobagrus fulvidraco commercial feed in the comparative example as a control group. The specification of the adult fish culture pond is about 50g, the density of the pond is 12000 tails/mu, the adult fish culture pond is fed with the control group feed before the experiment, the adult fish culture pond is fed twice a day during the experiment, the feeding time is 6 and 17 points a day respectively, the feeding rate is kept at 1.5%, and the oxygenation treatment is kept consistent.
The test results show that the morbidity of the yellow catfish body disease of the test group 1 and the test group 2 is 8% and 16% respectively, and the morbidity of the yellow catfish body disease of the control group is 40%; the average selling price of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco in the test group 1 and the test group 2 is 9.5 yuan/jin and 9.4 yuan/jin respectively, while the average selling price of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco in the control group is 9.1 yuan/jin; the average yield per mu and the average profit per mu of test group 1 and test group 2 were 3107, 6835.4 and 3084, 6784.8, respectively, while the average yield per mu and the average profit per mu of the control group were 2956, 5320.8, respectively (see table 1 below for details).
TABLE 1
Test group Test set 1 (N25) Test group 2 (N25) Control group (N-25). times
Incidence of disease of flowers (%) 8 16 40
Average selling price (yuan per jin) 9.5 9.4 9.1
Average yield per mu (jin) 3107 3084 2956
Average cost (Yuan/jin) 7.3 7.2 7.3
Average profit (yuan) 6835.4 6784.8 5320.8
Note: n represents the number of ponds;
the pricing standard of the average selling price (Yu/jin) is the market selling price of 4 fish heads, and the fish head specification confirmation mode is as follows: the average weight obtained by weighing 20 fish pieces with the maximum specification is selected from a basket fish and is the specification of the fish head.
Test example 2
The test time is from 2018, 6 months, 20 days to 8 months, 25 days, and is carried out in the town of Ma sheen in Gaoyou city, Jiangsu province. Respectively selecting 35 pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding fishponds to feed the feeds provided in the embodiments 3 and 5 as a test group 1 and a test group 2; and in addition, 35 pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding fish ponds are selected to feed the common pelteobagrus fulvidraco commercial feed in the comparative example to serve as a control group. The specification of the adult fish culture pond is about 50g, the density of the pond is 12000 tails/mu, the adult fish culture pond is fed with the control group feed before the experiment, the adult fish culture pond is fed twice a day during the experiment, the feeding time is 6 and 17 points a day respectively, the feeding rate is kept at 1.5%, and the oxygenation treatment is kept consistent.
Test results show that the morbidity of the yellow catfish body disease of the test group 1 and the test group 2 is 5.7 percent and 11.4 percent respectively, and the morbidity of the yellow catfish body disease of the control group is 34.3 percent; the average selling price of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco in the test group 1 and the test group 2 is 9.2 yuan/jin and 9.0 yuan/jin respectively, while the average selling price of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco in the control group is 8.6 yuan/jin; the average yield per mu and the average profit per mu of test group 1 and test group 2 were 3215, 5787 and 3184, 5412.8, respectively, while the average yield per mu and the average profit per mu of the control group were 3011, 3613.2, respectively (see table 2 below for details).
TABLE 2
Test group Test set 1(N ═ 35) Test group 2(N ═ 35) Control group (N-35). times
Incidence of disease of flowers (%) 5.7 11.4 34.3
Average selling price (yuan per jin) 9.2 9.0 8.6
Average yield per mu (jin) 3215 3184 3011
Average cost (Yuan/jin) 7.4 7.3 7.4
Average profit (yuan) 5787 5412.8 3613.2
Note: n represents the number of ponds;
the pricing standard of the average selling price (Yu/jin) is the market selling price of 4 fish heads, and the fish head specification confirmation mode is as follows: the average weight obtained by weighing 20 fish pieces with the maximum specification is selected from a basket fish and is the specification of the fish head.
Test example 3
The test time is 6 months and 15 days to 8 months and 20 days in 2019, and is carried out in the town of a horse shed in Gaoyou city, Jiangsu province. Respectively selecting 25 pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding fishponds to feed the feeds provided in the embodiments 2 and 6 as a test group 1 and a test group 2; and selecting 25 pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding fishponds to feed the common pelteobagrus fulvidraco commercial feed in the comparative example as a control group. The adult fish culture pond has the advantages that the specification of the adult fish culture pond is about 50g, the density of the adult fish culture pond is 12000 tails/mu, the adult fish culture pond is fed with the control group feed before the experiment, the adult fish culture pond is fed twice a day during the experiment, the feeding time is 6 and 17 points a day respectively, the feeding rate is kept at 1.5%, the oxygenation treatment is kept consistent, the ammonia nitrogen and the salt level are detected every 3 days, and after the culture is finished, 20 fishes are pumped out from each pond to be used as a mixed sample, and relevant indexes are detected.
Test results show that the ammonia nitrogen level and nitrite level of the test group 1 pond and the test group 2 pond are respectively 0.92mg/L, 0.87mg/L, 0.21mg/L and 0.23mg/L, while the ammonia nitrogen level and nitrite level of the control group pond are respectively 1.89mg/L and 0.56 mg/L; the intestinal fold height and the intestinal wall thickness of the test groups 1 and 2 are 650.45 μm and 630.21 μm, 16.09 μm and 15.72 μm respectively, while the intestinal fold height and the intestinal wall thickness of the control group are 567.08 μm and 14.47 μm respectively; the liver ratios of test group 1 and test group 2 were 1.71% and 1.69%, respectively, while the liver ratio of the control group was 2.17% (see table 3 below for details).
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0002651028820000121
Note: n represents the number of ponds;
the experimental examples 1-3 show that: the feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish can effectively prevent the body disease of the yellow catfish, remarkably reduce the morbidity, ensure the survival rate of the culture, also remarkably improve the market price and the acre yield of the yellow catfish and remarkably improve the culture benefit; meanwhile, the water environment and the intestinal tract and liver health conditions of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco are obviously improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and their concepts should be considered to be equivalent or modified within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish is characterized by comprising the following components: fish meal, hydrolyzed fish protein powder, soybean protein concentrate, spray-dried blood cell protein powder, beer yeast, meat and bone meal, fermented soybean meal, corn protein powder, seaweed meal, flour, corn, soybean oil, soybean phospholipid oil, monocalcium phosphate, vitamin C phosphate, vitamin A, vitamin D and a premix additive.
2. The feed for preventing the body of yellow catfish according to claim 1, wherein the fish meal comprises domestic fish meal.
3. The feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish according to claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of domestic fish meal, 4-6 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 4-6 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 3-6 parts of spray-dried blood cell protein powder, 3-6 parts of beer yeast, 10-15 parts of meat and bone meal, 15-18 parts of fermented soybean meal, 8-12 parts of corn protein powder, 2-6 parts of seaweed meal, 8-12 parts of flour, 5-8 parts of corn, 3-5 parts of soybean oil, 1.5-2 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2-0.4 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1-0.2 part of vitamin A, 0.3-0.4 part of vitamin D and 2-3 parts of premix additives.
4. The feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish according to claim 3, wherein the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12-14 parts of domestic fish meal, 5-6 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 4-5 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 4-5 parts of spray-dried blood cell protein powder, 5-6 parts of beer yeast, 12-13 parts of meat and bone meal, 15-16 parts of fermented soybean meal, 9-10 parts of corn protein powder, 3-5 parts of seaweed meal, 10-11 parts of flour, 6-7 parts of corn, 3-4 parts of soybean oil, 1.5-2 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3-0.4 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1-0.2 part of vitamin A, 0.3-0.4 part of vitamin D and 2-3 parts of premix additive.
5. The feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish according to claim 3, wherein the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 13 parts of domestic fish meal, 6 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 4 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 4 parts of spray-dried blood cell protein powder, 5 parts of beer yeast, 12 parts of meat and bone meal, 15 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of corn protein powder, 4 parts of seaweed meal, 11 parts of flour, 7 parts of corn, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.2 part of vitamin A, 0.4 part of vitamin D and 2 parts of premix additive.
6. The feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish according to claim 3, wherein the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of domestic fish meal, 4 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein powder, 4 parts of soybean protein concentrate, 5 parts of spray-dried blood cell protein powder, 4 parts of beer yeast, 12 parts of meat and bone meal, 15 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of corn protein powder, 4 parts of seaweed meal, 12 parts of flour, 6 parts of corn, 3 parts of soybean oil, 1.7 parts of soybean lecithin oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1 part of vitamin A, 0.3 part of vitamin D and 2 parts of premix additive.
7. The feed for preventing the body of yellow catfish according to claim 1, wherein the premix additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6-10 parts of gallnut, 3-5 parts of mannan oligosaccharide, 3-5 parts of taurine, 6-10 parts of chitosan, 10-15 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 5-10 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 20-30 parts of vitamin premix and 20-30 parts of mineral premix.
8. The preparation method of the feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing raw materials of each component in parts by weight;
(2) heating soybean oil and soybean lecithin oil, and mixing to obtain mixed oil; then adding the vitamin A and the vitamin D into the mixed oil for subsequent spraying;
(3) uniformly mixing other raw materials of each component, and carrying out superfine grinding to enable the ground materials to pass through a sieve with 80-100 meshes to obtain superfine ground materials;
(4) feeding the superfine crushed materials into a conditioner, and conditioning for 3-3.5 minutes by using steam with the temperature of 100-105 ℃, wherein the steam consumption is 15%; then, feeding the superfine crushed materials into a bulking machine for granulation to obtain feed granules;
(5) and (3) feeding the feed particles into a drying box for drying at the drying temperature of 70-110 ℃, cooling, feeding into a vacuum oil spraying machine, and spraying the mixed oil prepared in the step (2) on the surfaces of the feed particles to obtain the feed.
9. The preparation method of the feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish according to claim 8, wherein the heating temperature of the soybean oil and the soybean lecithin oil in the step (2) is 65-70 ℃.
10. The application of the feed for preventing the body of the yellow catfish flower according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in preventing and/or treating the body of the yellow catfish flower or body rot disease.
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