CN111502801A - 用于内燃机的废气后处理的再生空气***及方法 - Google Patents
用于内燃机的废气后处理的再生空气***及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
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- F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于内燃机的废气后处理***的再生空气***,以及这样的废气后处理***。再生空气***包括再生空气输送元件、再生空气通道和再生空气阀。在此,在再生空气通道中设置有传感装置,利用该传感装置可精确地确定再生空气质量流。废气后处理***包括带有废气通道的废气设备,在所述废气通道中,沿废气通过废气通道的流动方向布置有靠近发动机的三元催化器并且在下游布置有四元催化器。设置成,在废气通道处在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器下游并且在四元催化器上游构造有用于来自再生空气***的再生空气的导入部位。此外,本发明涉及一种用于带有这样的废气后处理***的内燃机的废气后处理的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及根据独立权利要求的前序部分所述的用于内燃机的废气后处理的再生空气***、带有这样的再生空气***的废气后处理***以及用于内燃机的废气后处理的方法。
背景技术
废气法规的不断加强对车辆制造商提出高的要求,所述要求通过用于降低发动机的未处理排放的相应的措施并且通过相应的废气后处理来解决。随着法规级EU6的引入,对于汽油发动机规定了针对颗粒数量的极限值,该极限值在许多情况下使汽油机颗粒过滤器的使用变得必要。在行驶运行中,这样的汽油机颗粒过滤器被加载碳黑。为了使废气背压不过强地升高,所述汽油机颗粒过滤器必须被持续地或周期性地再生。为了利用氧气对被约束在汽油机颗粒过滤器中的碳黑执行热氧化,需要在汽油发动机的废气设备中足够高的温度水平结合同时存在的氧气。因为现代的汽油发动机通常在没有氧气过量的情况下以化学计量的(或称为化学计量比的、理想计量比的,即stöchiometrischen)燃烧空气比(λ=1)运行,所以为此需要附加的措施。为此考虑作为措施的例如有通过点火角度调节的温度提高、汽油发动机的暂时的稀燃调节、二次空气到废气设备中的吹入或这些措施的组合。迄今优选地应用朝着晚的方向的点火角度调节结合汽油发动机的稀燃调节,因为该方法在没有附加的构件的情况下也够应付并且在汽油发动机的大多数运行点中可提供足够的氧气量。此外,力求的是,将内燃机的废气通道中的催化器在冷起动之后尽可能快速地带到运行温度,以便尽可能快速地达到针对有害的废气成分的高的转换率。
在颗粒过滤器布置在机动车的离发动机远的底盘位置中时,在弱的发动机负载时仅难以实现:将颗粒过滤器加热到如下温度,在该温度下,颗粒过滤器的再生可通过燃尽被约束在颗粒过滤器中的碳黑来实现。为了尤其还在弱负载阶段也实现再生,利用这样的颗粒过滤器,该颗粒过滤器具有三元催化的覆层。在此,通过内燃机的亚化学计量的(或称为低化学计量比的、亚计量比的,即unterstöchiometrisch)燃烧空气比和同时吹入再生空气使未燃烧的废气成分在颗粒过滤器的起催化作用的覆层上放热反应,从而加热颗粒过滤器。
由DE 102 57 153 A1已知用于确定二次空气量的装置,在所述装置中,在二次空气管路中的两个不同的横截面处获取压力并且由获取到的压力推断出二次空气量。
由DE 10 2010 037 454 A1已知用于内燃机的废气后处理***,在所述废气后处理***中,废气后处理成分可借助于废气燃烧器加热到运行温度。废气燃烧器通过带有二次空气泵的空气供给***来供给,其中,被供应给废气燃烧器的空气量借助于质量流传感器获取,以便调设废气燃烧器的燃烧空气比。
发明内容
本发明现在基于如下任务,即,改进再生空气量的调节并且因此即使在低的发动机负载时也实现在机动车的底盘位置中的颗粒过滤器的再生。
根据本发明,所述任务通过一种用于内燃机的废气后处理***的再生空气***来解决,其中,再生空气***包括再生空气输送元件、再生空气通道和再生空气阀,其中,在再生空气通道中布置有用于获取再生空气质量流 SL的传感装置。作为再生空气输送元件设置有再生空气风扇或再生空气压缩机、尤其是再生空气泵。通过传感装置可确定供应给再生空气输送元件的空气量并且因此精确地获取再生空气质量流 SL。因此,可实现内燃机的改进的废气后处理。附加地,再生空气输送元件可经由第二通道与内燃机的排出部连接,其中,经由第二通道可将二次空气带入到废气通道中,以便将靠近发动机的三元催化器尽可能快速地加热到其运行温度。
通过在从属权利要求中列出的特征可实现在独立专利权利要求中给出的再生空气***的有利的扩展方案和改进方案。
在本发明的优选的设计方案中设置成,用于获取再生空气质量流 SL的传感装置包括空气质量测量计。在空气质量测量计中根据质量流改变传感器的输出信号,从而可推断出供应给再生空气输送元件的空气质量。因此,可实现再生空气质量流 SL的精细调整。
在此,特别优选的是,所述空气质量测量计实施为热膜空气质量测量计。通过热膜空气质量测量计可实现对供应给再生空气输送元件的空气质量流的特别精确的确定。
在本发明的另外的优选的设计方案中设置成,所述传感装置包括至少一个压力传感器。通过流入新鲜空气改变再生空气管路中的动态压力。因此可行的是,经由压力改变推断出供应给再生空气输送元件的空气质量流。
在此,特别优选的是,所述传感装置包括用于获取在再生空气输送元件上的压差的压差传感器。通过获取在再生空气输送元件上的压差的压差传感器,可实现对再生空气质量流 SL的特别精确的控制。在此,再生空气质量流 SL可借助再生空气输送元件的转速和压差确定并且被相应地被调节。
在再生空气***的一种优选的实施方式中设置成,所述再生空气***包括调节器,所述调节器借助于传感装置调节再生空气输送元件的输送量。通过调节再生空气输送元件的转速的调节器,可将再生空气质量流 SL精确地匹配于废气后处理***中的要求。
根据本发明,提出一种用于内燃机的废气后处理***,所述废气后处理***带有废气设备,所述废气设备能与内燃机的排出部连接,其中,废气设备具有废气通道,在所述废气通道中沿内燃机的废气通过废气通道的流动方向布置有靠近发动机的三元催化器并且在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器下游布置有带有起催化作用的覆层的颗粒过滤器。所述废气后处理***具有根据本发明的再生空气***,其中,在废气通道处在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器下游并且在颗粒过滤器上游构造有用于再生空气***的再生空气的导入部位。这样的带有起三元催化作用的覆层的颗粒过滤器也被称为四元催化器。三元催化器的靠近发动机的布置就此而言应理解为在废气通道中的如下布置,在所述布置的情况下,三元催化器的进入部具有从内燃机的排出部起小于80cm、优选小于50cm的废气行程长度。通过这样的***可相对于再生空气***(在其中仅控制了再生空气量)降低内燃机的有害物质排放。在此,在废气通道中在颗粒过滤器上游不仅可调整到化学计量的燃烧空气比,以便将颗粒过滤器加热到其再生温度,而且可以调整到限定的过化学计量的(或称为过化学计量比的、过计量比的,即überstöchiometrisch)燃烧空气比,以便在再生时精确地调整到氧气过量以用于氧化被约束在颗粒过滤器中的碳黑。由此,可应对颗粒过滤器在颗粒过滤器的再生时发生热损伤的危险。此外,通过匹配再生空气质量流可防止,颗粒过滤器由于过少的碳黑氧化而冷却到其再生温度以下。因此,可对于颗粒过滤器的快速且排放少的再生实现尽可能好的燃尽速度。
在废气后处理***的一种优选的实施方式中设置成,在废气通道中在内燃机的排出部下游并且在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器上游布置有废气涡轮增压机的涡轮。通过废气涡轮增压机的涡轮从内燃机的废气流附加地抽取能量。因此,在带有废气涡轮增压机的内燃机中特别难以将在底盘方位中的颗粒过滤器加热到其再生温度。因此,在涡轮增压-发动机中使用这样的废气后处理***是特别有利的。
在本发明的一种有利的实施方式中设置成,在废气通道中在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器上游、尤其是在废气涡轮增压机的涡轮下游并且在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器上游布置有第一λ探测器、尤其是宽带探测器。通过在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器上游的宽带探测器可实现对内燃机的燃烧空气比的精确确定。由此可实现对喷入量的精确调节,以便在内燃机的燃烧室中调整期望的燃烧空气比。通过内燃机带入到废气设备中的废气质量流可通过发动机控制器精确地获取。利用这两个变量可针对在颗粒过滤器上游的期望的燃烧空气比计算所需要的再生空气量并且将其作为调节参量转发给再生空气输送元件的调节器。
在废气后处理***的另一种改进方案中设置成,在废气通道中在用于再生空气的导入部位下游并且在带有起催化作用的覆层的颗粒过滤器上游布置有第二λ探测器。第二λ探测器可在再生空气***停用时被用于调节燃烧空气比,以便改进λ调节的调节品质并且实现有害物质通过靠近发动机的三元催化器的特别高效的转换。
在废气后处理***的另一种改进方案中设置成,在废气设备中设置有压差传感器,利用该压差传感器能测量在带有起催化作用的覆层的颗粒过滤器上的压差。通过压差传感器可评估颗粒过滤器的碳黑负载并且在高于经确定的阈值时导入颗粒过滤器的再生。
根据本发明,提出一种用于内燃机的废气后处理的方法,所述内燃机带有废气设备,所述废气设备与内燃机的排出部连接,其中,废气设备具有废气通道,在所述废气通道中沿内燃机的废气通过废气通道的流动方向布置有靠近发动机的三元催化器并且在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器下游布置有带有起催化作用的覆层的颗粒过滤器。此外,废气后处理***具有根据本发明的再生空气***,其中,在废气通道处在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器下游并且在颗粒过滤器上游构造有用于再生空气***的再生空气的导入部位。所述方法包括如下步骤:
- 获取带有起催化作用的覆层的颗粒过滤器的构件温度或废气温度,
- 当所获取的颗粒过滤器的构件温度或废气温度处于对于颗粒过滤器的再生所需要的再生温度之下时,加热颗粒过滤器,其中,
- 内燃机以亚化学计量的燃烧空气比运行,并且其中,
- 通过再生空气***将新鲜空气吹入到废气通道中,未燃烧的废气成分与所述新鲜空气在颗粒过滤器的起催化作用的覆层上放热反应,其中,
- 如此实现再生空气质量流的计量和调节,使得在用于再生空气的导入部位下游出现(或称为调整成,即einstellt)化学计量的废气或过化学计量的废气。
通过根据本发明的方法可实现对内燃机的废气设备中的燃烧空气比的改进的调节。在此,排放可尤其是在颗粒过滤器再生的情况下通过再生空气量的改进的调节来减少。此外,可实现,降低内燃机的燃料消耗,因为颗粒过滤器的加热阶段和再生阶段可通过对再生空气量的更精确的调节而缩短,并且内燃机因此可更长时间地在其消耗最优的运行点中运行。
在所述方法的一种优选的实施变型方案中设置成,获取实际质量流并且将其与理论质量流比较,其中,在实际质量流不同于所述理论质量流时相应地通过调节器调节再生空气输送元件。将实际质量流与理论质量流比较引起如下可行性:以简单的方式精确地调设再生质量流。
在所述方法的一种有利的实施方式中设置成,获取内燃机的废气温度并且将其与阈值温度比较,其中,当废气温度处于阈值温度之下时,导入发动机内部的加热措施。如果废气温度处于内燃机的起催化作用的覆层的起燃温度之下,那么首先通过发动机内部的措施如将点火时间点朝着“晚”的方向调节或在不同的燃烧室之间的λ分离运行(或称为λ分部运行,即Lambda-Split-Betrieb)来提升废气温度。在此,以这种方式不必使颗粒过滤器的再生温度到达约600℃,而是将颗粒过滤器加热到起催化作用的覆层的约300℃的起燃温度就足够。因此,发动机内部的加热阶段可明显缩短。如果颗粒过滤器的起催化作用的覆层已到达其起燃温度,那么实现通过内燃机的亚化学计量的运行的过滤器的继续加热以及再生空气颗粒的同时吹入,其中,未燃烧的废气成分、尤其是未燃烧的碳氢化合物(HC)、一氧化碳(CO)和氢气(H2)在颗粒过滤器的起催化作用的覆层上放热反应,直到颗粒过滤器已到达其再生温度。
在所述方法的一种优选的实施方式中设置成,所述再生空气***具有空气质量测量计,其中,由空气质量测量计的输出信号的改变推断出再生空气质量流。在此,通过热膜空气质量测量计可实现对再生空气质量流的特别精确的确定。
备选地,有利地设置成,获取在再生空气输送元件上的压差Δp,其中,由再生空气输送元件的转速和压差Δp计算再生空气质量流。经由压差传感器也可实现再生空气质量流的简单的调节。
在所述方法的一种优选的实施变型方案中设置成,获取在第一λ探测器处的燃烧空气比,并且如此调节再生空气质量流,使得在导入部位下游产生化学计量的废气。由此可在颗粒过滤器的加热阶段期间保证通过颗粒过滤器的起催化作用的覆层对有害物质的高效转换。
在所述方法的另一种改进方案中设置成,在颗粒过滤器上游和/或下游获取废气温度,其中,如此调节再生空气质量流,使得避免颗粒过滤器的热损伤和/或避免颗粒过滤器的温度下降到其再生温度以下。由此可调整针对被约束在颗粒过滤器中的碳黑颗粒的燃尽速度,以该燃尽速度实现颗粒过滤器的尽可能快速的再生。
只要没有在单个情况下另外地阐述,本发明的不同的在本申请中提及的实施方式能有利地相互组合。
附图说明
随后在实施例中借助有关的附图阐释本发明。在此,相同的构件或带有相同功能的构件在附图中以相同的附图编号来表示。其中:
图1示出用于带有根据本发明的废气后处理***的内燃机的第一实施例;
图2示出用于带有根据本发明的废气后处理***的内燃机的另一种实施例;
图3示出内燃机的一种运行状态,在该运行状态中,颗粒过滤器通过发动机内部的措施加热到其起燃温度;
图4示出内燃机的第二运行状态,在该第二运行状态中,吹入再生空气,以便通过未燃烧的废气成分与再生空气的放热反应继续加热颗粒过滤器;以及
图5示出内燃机的第三运行状态,在该第三运行状态中,将颗粒过滤器在到达其再生温度之后再生,其中,再生空气***提供用于氧化被约束在颗粒过滤器中的碳黑所需要的氧气。
附图标记列表
10 内燃机
12 燃烧室
14 火花塞
16 燃料喷射器
18 排出部
20 废气设备
22 废气通道
24 废气涡轮增压机
26 涡轮
28 三元催化器
30 颗粒过滤器
32 起催化作用的覆层
34 第一λ探测器/宽带探测器
36 第二λ探测器/跃变式探测器(或称为阶跃式探测器,即Sprungsonde)
38 压差传感器
40 第一温度传感器
42 第二温度传感器
44 混合段
46 发动机控制器
48 导入部位
50 再生空气***
52 再生空气输送元件
54 再生空气通道
56 再生空气阀
58 空气质量测量计
60 热膜空气质量测量计
62 第一压力传感器
64 第二压力传感器
66 压差传感器
68 调节器。
具体实施方式
图1示出内燃机10的示意图,该内燃机以其排出部18与废气设备20连接。内燃机10在该实施例中是直接喷射式汽油发动机并且具有多个燃烧室12。在燃烧室12处分别布置有火花塞14和用于将燃料喷入到相应的燃烧室12中的燃料喷射器16。在燃烧室12处布置有进气门和排气门,利用所述进气门和排气门可打开或封闭从进气道至燃烧室12或从燃烧室12至废气设备20的流体连接。废气设备20包括废气通道22,在该废气通道中沿内燃机10的废气通过废气通道22的流动方向布置有废气涡轮增压机24的涡轮26,并且在在涡轮26下游布置有靠近发动机的三元催化器28。在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器28下游在机动车的底盘位置中布置有带有起三元催化作用的覆层32的颗粒过滤器30,该颗粒过滤器也被称为四元催化器。此外,废气后处理***包括再生空气***50,利用该再生空气***在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器28下游并且在颗粒过滤器30上游在导入部位48处可将再生空气吹入到废气通道22中。
再生空气***50包括再生空气输送元件52和再生空气通道54,该再生空气通道将再生空气输送元件52与废气通道22处的导入部位48连接。在再生空气通道54中布置有再生空气阀56,利用该再生空气阀可释放或闭锁通向废气通道22的再生空气供应。此外,再生空气阀56防止废气从废气通道中沿再生空气***50方向流出。在再生空气通道54中在再生空气输送元件52上游布置有空气质量测量计58、尤其是热膜空气质量测量计60。此外,在再生空气***50处设置有调节器68,利用该调节器能调节再生空气输送元件52的转速。
在废气涡轮增压机24的涡轮26下游并且在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器28上游在废气通道22处布置有第一λ探测器34,该第一λ探测器构造为宽带探测器。在导入部位48下游并且在颗粒过滤器30上游布置有第二λ探测器36,该第二λ探测器优选实施为跃变式探测器。此外,在废气通道22中设置有压差传感器38,利用该压差传感器可获取在颗粒过滤器30上的压差。此外,在颗粒过滤器30上游和下游分别设置有温度传感器40,42,以便探测在颗粒过滤器30上游和下游的废气温度。在导入部位48与颗粒过滤器30的进入部之间构造有混合段44,在该混合段中内燃机10的废气与来自再生空气***50的新鲜空气混合。
通过第二λ探测器36的再生空气质量流 SL的调节不可在足够精度的情况下实现,因为在燃烧空气比亚化学计量的情况下在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器28处形成未知量的氢,并且使第二λ探测器36的探测器信号出错。
内燃机10与发动机控制器46连接,利用该发动机控制器尤其调节燃料的喷入量、点火时间点和再生空气量。
因此,本发明设置成,为了准确的空气计量将热膜空气质量测量计60用于再生空气通道54中。经由混合物适配可非常准确地设定内燃机10的燃烧室12中的燃烧空气比。被供应给内燃机10的空气质量流和由此产生的废气质量流可同样精确地通过发动机控制器46获取。利用这两个变量可计算出用于实现在颗粒过滤器30上游的理论燃烧空气比的所需要的再生空气质量流 SL并且将其作为调节参量转发给再生空气输送元件52的调节器68。
在图2中示出根据本发明的用于内燃机10的废气后处理***的另一种实施例。在和对于图1所实施的构造基本上相同构造的情况下,此处再生空气***50中的再生空气量的确定不是通过热膜空气质量测量计60而是通过压力传感器62,64实现,所述压力传感器作为压差传感器66获取在再生空气输送元件52上的压差Δp。通过再生空气输送元件52的转速NSL和所述压差Δp能以备选的方式获取再生空气质量流 SL。
在内燃机10的运行中,颗粒过滤器30被加载来自内燃机10的废气的碳黑颗粒。因为颗粒过滤器30的再生需要多于600℃的温度,所以这样的温度在弱负载运行中不可或仅可极其困难地通过发动机内部的加热措施来达到。因此,颗粒过滤器30设有起催化作用的覆层32,所述起催化作用的覆层在加热颗粒过滤器30的情况下实现未燃烧的废气成分、尤其是未燃烧的碳氢化合物、一氧化碳和氢气的放热反应。为此,内燃机10以亚化学计量的燃烧空气比λ<1运行并且同时将再生空气吹入到废气通道22中。颗粒过滤器30的这样的加热也被称为化学的加热。由于这种可行性,颗粒过滤器30为了再生仅须还被加热到所述起催化作用的覆层32的起燃温度。在到达再生温度之后,在维持化学的加热的情况下可经由再生空气***50提高再生空气量,从而在导入部位48下游出现过化学计量的废气。利用废气中的氧气过量可将被约束在颗粒过滤器30中的碳黑氧化,并且由此再生颗粒过滤器30。为了快速且排放少地再生颗粒过滤器需要尽可能准确地了解再生空气质量流 SL。
在加热阶段期间,通过内燃机10的亚化学计量的运行在靠近发动机的三元催化器处形成氨气,该氨气在颗粒过滤器30中在过高的空气过量的情况下将反应变成氮氧化物。过低的空气供应导致排放碳氢化合物、一氧化碳和氨气。
在颗粒过滤器的再生阶段期间,过高的再生空气质量流 SL可使颗粒过滤器30中的温度不期望地下降,由此使再生中断,或在颗粒过滤器的碳黑负载较高的情况下通过过高的放热而导致颗粒过滤器30的热损伤。在再生空气质量流 SL过低时,所述再生过慢地进行并且因此不在合理的时间间隔之内结束。
在图3中示出内燃机10的第一运行状态,在该第一运行状态中,颗粒过滤器30的加热仅通过发动机内部的措施例如朝着“晚”的方向调节点火角度来实现。在此,内燃机10以化学计量的燃烧空气比运行,以便实现内燃机10的废气中的有害物质通过靠近发动机的三元催化器10来高效转换。在此,再生空气***50是停用的并且再生空气阀56关闭。只要颗粒过滤器30的起催化作用的覆层32还未到达其起燃温度,这种运行状态就一直被维持。
如果颗粒过滤器30的起三元催化作用的覆层32到达其约300℃的起燃温度,从该起燃温度起可实现内燃机的废气中的有害物质在放出热的情况下的高效转换,内燃机10在图4中所示出的运行状态下运行。在此,内燃机10以亚化学计量的燃烧空气比运行并且同时再生空气在导入部位48处被吹入到废气通道22中,从而在颗粒过滤器30的进入部处出现化学计量的废气。未燃烧的废气成分与再生空气放热地在颗粒过滤器32的起催化作用的表面32上反应,直到所述颗粒过滤器到达其约600℃的再生温度。
接着,如在图5中示出的,再生空气量提高,从而在导入部位48下游出现过化学计量的废气。利用废气中的剩余空气氧化被约束在颗粒过滤器30中的碳黑颗粒,由此实现颗粒过滤器30的再生。在此,内燃机10优选继续以亚化学计量的燃烧空气比运行,以便在再生期间维持颗粒过滤器30的化学的加热并且避免颗粒过滤器30冷却到其再生温度以下。
Claims (15)
3.根据权利要求1所述的再生空气***(50),其特征在于,所述传感装置(62,64,66)包括至少一个压力传感器(62,64,66),尤其用于获取在所述再生空气输送元件(52)上的压差的压差传感器(66)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的再生空气***(50),其特征在于,所述再生空气***(50)包括调节器(68),所述调节器借助于所述传感装置(58,60,62,64,66)调节所述再生空气输送元件(52)的输送量。
5.一种用于内燃机(10)的废气后处理***,所述废气后处理***带有废气设备(20),所述废气设备能与内燃机(10)的排出部(18)连接,其中,所述废气设备(20)具有废气通道(22),在所述废气通道中沿所述内燃机(10)的废气通过所述废气通道(22)的流动方向布置有靠近发动机的三元催化器(28)并且在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器(28)下游布置有带有起催化作用的覆层(32)的颗粒过滤器(30),其特征在于,所述废气后处理***具有根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的再生空气***(50),其中,在所述废气通道(22)处在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器(28)下游并且在所述颗粒过滤器(30)上游构造有用于所述再生空气***(50)的再生空气的导入部位(48)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,在所述废气通道(22)中,在所述内燃机(10)的排出部(18)下游并且在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器(28)上游布置有废气涡轮增压机(24)的涡轮(26)。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,在所述废气通道(22)中,在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器(28)上游布置有第一λ探测器(34)并且在用于所述再生空气的导入部位(48)下游且在带有所述起催化作用的覆层(32)的颗粒过滤器(30)上游布置有第二λ探测器(36)。
8.根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,在所述废气设备(20)中设置有压差传感器(38),利用所述压差传感器能测量在带有所述起催化作用的覆层(32)的颗粒过滤器(30)上的压差。
9.一种用于内燃机(10)的废气后处理的方法,所述内燃机带有废气设备(20),所述废气设备能与内燃机(10)的排出部(18)连接,其中,所述废气设备(20)具有废气通道(22),在所述废气通道中沿所述内燃机(10)的废气通过所述废气通道(22)的流动方向布置有靠近发动机的三元催化器(28)并且在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器(28)下游布置有带有起催化作用的覆层(32)的颗粒过滤器(30);以及带有根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的再生空气***,其中,在所述废气通道(22)处在所述靠近发动机的三元催化器(28)下游并且在所述颗粒过滤器(30)上游构造有用于所述再生空气***(50)的再生空气的导入部位(48),所述方法包括如下步骤:
- 获取废气温度(TEG)或带有所述起催化作用的覆层(32)的颗粒过滤器(30)的构件温度(TOPF),
- 当所获取的废气温度(TEG)或所述颗粒过滤器(30)的构件温度(TOPF)处于对于所述颗粒过滤器(30)的再生所需要的再生温度(Treg)之下时,加热所述颗粒过滤器(30),其中,
- 所述内燃机(10)以亚化学计量的燃烧空气比(λ<1)运行,并且其中,
- 通过所述再生空气***将新鲜空气吹入到所述废气通道(22)中,未燃烧的废气成分与所述新鲜空气在所述颗粒过滤器(30)的起催化作用的覆层(32)上放热反应,其中,
10.根据权利要求9所述的用于内燃机(10)的废气后处理的方法,其特征在于,获取实际质量流并且将其与理论质量流比较,其中,在所述实际质量流不同于所述理论质量流时相应地通过调节器(68)调节所述再生空气输送元件(52)。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的用于内燃机(10)的废气后处理的方法,其特征在于,获取所述内燃机(10)的废气温度(TEG)并且将其与阈值温度(TS)比较,其中,当所述废气温度(TEG)处于所述阈值温度(TS)之下时,导入发动机内部的加热措施。
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CN113356985A (zh) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-09-07 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | 一种颗粒捕集器再生控制方法、装置、***及车辆 |
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US20200224573A1 (en) | 2020-07-16 |
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