CN111418432B - Overwintering cultivation method for grape without taking grape off rack and burying soil in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Overwintering cultivation method for grape without taking grape off rack and burying soil in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0237—Devices for protecting a specific part of a plant, e.g. roots, trunk or fruits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting grape in saline-alkali soil without taking down the frame and burying soil for overwintering, belonging to the technical field of grape cultivation, aiming at solving a series of problems that grape in saline-alkali barren land in soil burying and cold-proof area is difficult to plant and survive, the soil burying is carried out in winter, the damage to branches and tendrils is caused, the quality is poor, the ecological environment is damaged and the like, and the method is characterized in that the saline-alkali soil is locally improved by limiting the root zone, and the dry-resistant cold-resistant saline-alkali-resistant grape stock is planted and the required variety is grafted; culturing grafted branches and tendrils in the next year, and retaining mature branches and tendrils by winter pruning; bending the stock in the same direction at a grafting opening to form a shaping tree form before sprouting in the third year, and culturing according to the shaping tree form in winter; gradually culturing and shaping after the fourth year, whitening the trunk of the stock in winter, wrapping all scion branches and grafting opening stocks by adopting a cold-proof and moisture-preserving material, improving the cold resistance of scion varieties, and finally realizing the overwintering and cold-proof cultivation of the grapes without falling off the frame and burying soil in the saline-alkali soil in the soil-buried cold-proof area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating grapes in saline-alkali soil without taking off the rack and burying soil for overwintering.
Background
About 14.8 hundred million mu of salinized lands in China are mainly concentrated in northwest, northeast, north China and coastal areas. Northwest, northeast and North China are used as important areas of high-quality grapes in China, and large-area saline-alkali barren lands are not developed and utilized, so that land resource waste is caused. Winter soil-buried winter protection is an important measure for safe overwintering of grapes in north ChinaIs also the main fundamental cause of ecological damage, and is an important factor for increasing production cost and reducing grape quality. Before winter soil burying and cold prevention, grape branches and tendrils are pressed by manual one by one to be closely clung to the ground and buried by soil, then the soil is covered by a machine with the thickness of 60-80 cm to achieve safe overwintering, and the machine and the manual soil discharging and lifting are used in the next year, and only the process is increased by 400 yuan/666.6 m 2 The labor cost is about 40% of the annual manual cost, about 3-5% of mechanical damage and partial sprouting damage of branches and tendrils can be caused by the operation every year, the plant is lack and broken, the garden appearance is not uniform, and moreover, the field planting of self-rooted seedlings is generally adopted in China, the freezing injury of root systems in winter is serious, and the yield and quality of grapes are seriously affected;
in addition, the grape is planted in the saline-alkali soil improvement by adopting the traditional improvement technology, although the grape growth and development can be met in a short period of time, a large amount of deep saline-alkali soil which is not improved can cover grape branches and tendrils through soil burying and cold prevention in winter for many years, the improvement soil structure is damaged, the repeated salt returning of the soil is caused, and the grape is difficult to meet the long-term normal growth of the grape. Therefore, a cultivation mode combining one-time and permanent saline-alkali soil improvement and grape overwintering and cold-proof without taking the grapes off the shelf is sought, the planting concept and mode of the saline-alkali soil grape are thoroughly changed, the saline-alkali soil desert resource is changed into a high-quality grape production base, the grape planting area is enlarged, and the cultivation mode has an important effect on improving the income of peasants in the northern saline-alkali areas of China.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for the technical field of saline-alkali soil grape cultivation in a soil-buried cold-proof area, which utilizes root zone limitation to carry out the local improvement of the saline-alkali soil and reduces the soil improvement cost and the cultivation cost; the method utilizes the high grafting of the cold-resistant salt-resistant grape stocks capable of safely overwintering to provide a brand-new supporting technology of limiting local improvement of saline-alkali soil in a soil-buried cold-proof area for planting the saline-alkali soil grapes, field planting of the cold-resistant salt-resistant grape stocks, high grafting, shaping pruning, wrapping scion branches with heat-insulating materials and the like, solves a series of problems of labor and time consumption, cost increase, branch and vine damage, poor grape quality, ecological environment damage and the like caused by the planting of the saline-alkali soil grapes and the soil burying in winter, and realizes the non-frame soil-burying-free winter cultivation of the saline-alkali soil grapes.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the method for cultivating the grape in the saline-alkali soil without taking off the frame and burying soil for overwintering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. saline-alkali soil root zone limit improvement:
a1. analyzing and measuring the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, and calculating the improvement quantity of the saline-alkali soil, so that the improved soil grape stock can normally grow;
a2. digging a planting ditch with the width of 60-80 cm and the depth of 70-100 cm according to the line spacing of 3.0-3.5 m, paving two sides and the bottom of the planting ditch with plastic films with the width of 0.9-1.3 m and the thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm, leaving a 30cm film at the center of the ditch bottom, and removing redundant irrigation as a drainage seam to form a ditch; or according to the row spacing of 2.5-3.0 m and the plant spacing of 4.0-10.0 m, building a planting pool with the clearance size of 1.5-2.0 m, the width of 1.5-2.0 m and the height of 0.5-0.6 m by using bricks or other building materials, wherein the bottom is in direct contact with the ground, the bottom and the periphery of the planting pool are paved by using plastic films with the thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm, and 0.5X0.5 m water seepage holes are reserved in the center of the bottom to remove redundant water seepage, so that a box pool is formed;
a3. according to the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, uniformly mixing the saline-alkali soil with decomposed organic fertilizer or nutrient soil and the like according to a certain proportion, filling the mixture into a planting ditch or a planting pool, keeping the soil to be 10-15 cm lower than the planting ditch or the planting pool, and filling water to be settled, so as to ensure that the salt content of the improved soil is reduced to below 0.3%, and the pH value is adjusted to be between 6.5 and 8.5;
b. cold-resistant salt-resistant grape stock field planting:
groove type and tank type improvement are respectively carried out according to plant spacing of 1.0-4.0 m and planting at the center, so that annual seedlings of the winter-resistant, cold-resistant, salt-resistant grape stocks can be safely planted, normal watering, fertilization, weeding and pesticide spraying management are carried out, 120-180 cm bamboo poles or thin steel bars are cut on each seedling side for binding the germinated branches and tendrils, vertical growth of the branches and tendrils is ensured, and the grape stock ground-setting seedlings are formed;
c. the grape variety grafting method comprises the following steps:
after the grape stock seedlings grow to 80-150 cm in the current year, when branches and tendrils are semi-lignified at the position 60-130 cm away from the ground, the tops of the branches and tendrils are cut off at the position 60-130 cm away from the ground, the grape varieties required by grafting are grafted by adopting a green branch grafting technology, the grape varieties are cultivated according to a grafting seedling management technology, the newly germinated scion branches are vertically bound on bamboo poles or thin steel bars, so that full and mature 3-5 winter buds are formed at the base of the scion in the current year, and the safe overwintering can be realized by simple package;
likewise, hard-branch grafting methods may also be employed: the method comprises the steps of culturing ground stock seedlings in the first year, keeping mature branches at 70-140 cm in winter after leaves fall in winter, performing hard branch grafting at the height of 60-130 cm in spring in the second year, and culturing the hard branch grafted seedlings normally;
d. and (3) shaping and pruning:
d1. selecting and reserving 2-3 full mature scions, winter buds, cutting off and trimming after leaves of the first year green branch grafted seedlings fall;
d2. selecting 1-2 new sprouted robust branches per plant in spring in the second year, directly binding the branches on bamboo poles or thin steel bars or culturing 1-2 hard branches of the stock seedlings in the sitting place for grafting, performing scientific management to thicken, mature and age grape branches, reaching the expected growth height, and shearing and retaining 50-120 cm mature branches for later use after winter defoliation;
d3. removing the wrapping material before sprouting in spring of the third year, bending all plants at 10cm below a grafting opening to form a right angle in the same direction, horizontally binding mature branches and tendrils which are cut to be 50-120 cm on a first iron wire to form a single Gu Yaote L-shaped tree form with the plant height of 50-120 cm, after sprouting of horizontal scion branches, keeping one vertical or V-shaped growth robust branch for every 20cm, binding the vertical or V-shaped growth robust branch to a second wire and a third wire, erasing redundant sprouting, managing according to normal cultivation, keeping 1-2 scions for every robust branch, leaving no weak branch or 1 scion, ensuring normal growth of all annual branches, after leaf falling in winter, selecting a base part or a top annual branch to be cut to be 50-120 cm according to different shaping modes, reversely flattening the branches and tendrils on the first iron wire to form a complete single Gu Yaote L-shaped shaping tree form or double single Gu Yaote L-shaped shaping tree form after the horizontal scion branches are left in the rest of one year, and then using a white stock for coating the white stock to cover the winter, and the white stock is coated with the preserved by the stock for 10 cm;
d4. after the fourth year, the heat-insulating material is removed before the spring is warmed up and sprouted, normal tree forms and result management are reserved according to normal management, after winter defoliation, 2 buds are reserved for all branches, the winter trunk whitewash agent is used for whitewashing the stock, the reserved scions and the 10cm stock below the connector are wrapped by the heat-insulating material, and safe overwintering is realized. If the horizontal extension branch fails to reach the previous or next horizontal fruiting branch, the method can be used for continuously flattening the annual branches at the top end to the previous or next horizontal fruiting branch.
Further, the grape stock varieties with the functions of resisting the dry and cold in the step b are hybrid varieties of amur grape.
Further, the variety of the anti-cold and anti-salt grape stock in the step b is any one of 1103P, 101-14, riparia Glorie, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C, north rose, north red and Levomitory red.
Further, the same land block in the step c must be grafted at the same height.
Further, the height of the remaining branches in the step c is preferably 70-110 cm.
Further, after the winter fallen leaves in the step d3, according to different shaping modes, selecting annual branch shears at the base or the top to stay for 50-120 cm, flattening and binding the annual branch shears forwards on the first thread, and remaining annual branches to stay for 2-bud short shears to form a complete single Gu Yaote L shape shaping.
Further, after the winter fallen leaves in the step d3, according to different shaping modes, selecting annual branch shears at the base or the top to stay for 50-120 cm, flattening and binding the annual branch shears forwards or backwards in a reverse direction on the first wire, and remaining annual branches to stay for 2-bud short shears to form a complete double-sheet Gu Yaote L-shaped or T-shaped shaping tree shape.
Further, in the step d4, the overwintering cold-proof mode specifically includes: after the fallen leaves are cut in autumn in the first year, firstly, the trunk whitewashing agent is adopted to whitewash the trunk whitewashing agent in winter for the anti-pumping and cold-resistant salt-resistant stock and the scions, then, the left scion branches and the scions with 10cm below the grafting opening are wrapped by adopting a cold-proof moisture-preserving material, the wrapping is required to be tight, no air leakage is caused, and the traditional soil burying mode can be adopted for safe overwintering in the first year; after the second year, after trimming and forming in winter, the trunk of the stock is coated with a winter trunk coating agent, and then all scion branches and 10cm below grafting openings or horizontal fruiting branches and 10cm below horizontal branches are wrapped tightly by adopting a cold-proof and moisture-preserving material, so that air leakage cannot occur; the main components of the whitewashing agent are lime, carbendazim, lime-sulfur mixture, glue and the like.
Further, in the step d4, the wrapping material is specifically wrapped by all flexible, foldable, environment-friendly, durable, heat-insulating and moisture-preserving materials, such as a rubber heat-insulating pipe, a heat-insulating black cotton quilt, various composite heat-insulating materials and the like.
Further, in the step d4, the releasing and storing modes of the wrapping material are specifically that before germination in spring every year, all the heat-insulating materials are released, normalized and orderly, sorted and bundled, stored in a warehouse, protected from light and moisture, prolonged in service life and stored until reuse in winter.
(III) beneficial effects
The invention provides a specific method of a saline-alkali soil grape overwintering cultivation method without taking grapes off a rack and burying soil. The beneficial effects are as follows:
(1) Changing a large amount of saline-alkali barren lands in the north of China into high-quality grape bases, and enlarging grape planting areas and planting areas;
(2) Based on the root-limiting cultivation technology, the accurate management of grape water and fertilizer is required, the full-automatic irrigation of grape water and fertilizer integration is realized, the water and fertilizer are saved, and the pollution of underground water resources and lakes and rivers caused by excessive water irrigation and fertilizer application is avoided;
(3) The grape quality can be effectively improved by root-zone limiting cultivation, so that the grape is promoted to mature in advance:
(4) Soil grass growing management can be realized, and soil management is simplified;
(5) Ecological damage caused by grape soil burying winter is avoided, and labor cost is reduced by about 40%;
(6) The damage of buried branches and tendrils in winter is avoided, the order of a garden is ensured, and the yield of the grapes is always maintained at a higher constant level;
(7) All daily management of the vineyard, including grape picking and pruning (summer shearing and winter shearing) can realize mechanized operation, and the production cost is reduced;
(8) The grape shaping and pruning is simple and easy to learn, and convenient for farmers to master and operate;
(9) The heat preservation treatment in winter has longer operation time, and can avoid the problem of labor shortage caused by concentrated labor in the traditional soil-buried cold-proof process;
(10) Avoiding the use of a large number of machines such as tractors and the like for burying and unearthing in winter, and reducing the energy consumption caused by the use of the machines and the environmental pollution caused by the exhaust emission.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the first year groove type cold-resistant and salt-resistant grape stock is subjected to field planting, growth, grafting and winter pruning, heat preservation and cold prevention schematic diagrams;
fig. 2: first year box pool type cold-resistant salt-resistant grape stocks are planted, grown, grafted and pruned in winter to preserve heat and prevent cold;
fig. 3: groove type cold-resistant and salt-resistant culture in the first year, grafting on hard branches in the second year, and pruning, heat-preserving and cold-proof schematic diagrams in winter;
fig. 4: the first year tank type cold-resistant and salt-resistant culture, the second year hard branch grafting, the culture and winter pruning heat preservation cold-proof schematic diagram;
fig. 5: the growth of groove grafted seedlings in the second year, the pruning and heat preservation in winter and the shaping result condition in the third year are shown schematically;
fig. 6: the growth of the tank-type grafted seedlings in the second year, the pruning and heat preservation in winter and the shaping in spring in the third year are schematically shown;
fig. 7: the third year tank type Shan Guyao terL shaping vertical She Mu result status and winter shaping thermal insulation schematic diagram;
fig. 8: tank-type double-old-date L shaping vertical She Mu result condition and winter shaping heat preservation schematic diagrams in the third year;
fig. 9: the third year tank type Shan Guyao terL shaping 'V' -shaped leaf curtain result status and winter shaping heat preservation schematic diagram;
fig. 10: the third year tank type double ancient times special L shape 'V' shape leaf curtain result status and winter shape heat preservation schematic diagram;
fig. 11: a third-year groove type winter Shan Guyao terL shaping, winter heat preservation and fourth-year fruiting status schematic diagram;
fig. 12: groove type winter double old Yue L shaping, winter heat preservation and fourth year fruiting status in the third year;
wherein 1, ground level, 2, plastic film, 3, grape root system, 4, drain, 5, saline-alkali soil improvement planting ditch, 6, cold-resistant salt-resistant stock, 7, scion branches cut in winter, 8, heat-insulating and moisture-retaining material, 9, new branches for scion growth, 10, green branch grafting scions, 11, cold-resistant salt-resistant stock green seedlings, 12, bamboo poles or thin steel bars, 13, root limiting ponds, 14, central drain, 15, saline-alkali soil improvement soil, 16, planting pond bottom side drain, 17, stock sitting green seedlings, 18, winter stock pruning, 19, hard branch grafting scions, 20, first wire, 21, second wire, 22, third wire, 23, grafting ports, 24, scions annual branches, 25, flattened scions branches, 26, annual fruit branches, 27, grape scions, 28, basal portion 2 bud pruning, 29, reserved top branches, 30, top 2 bud pruning, 31, reserved basal portion 32, 33, basal portion 50cm, 37 cm, reserved basal portion 37 cm, pruning in winter, and bending and pruning the basal portion in opposite directions.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1 (using grooved Shan Guyao tex L shaping):
firstly, analyzing and measuring the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, and calculating the improvement quantity of the saline-alkali soil, so that the improved soil grape stock can normally grow. Secondly, digging a planting ditch with the width of 60-80 cm and the depth of 70-100 cm according to the line spacing of 3.0-3.5 m, paving two sides and the bottom of the planting ditch by using a plastic film with the width of 0.9-1.3 m and the thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm, leaving a 30cm film at the center of the ditch bottom, and removing redundant irrigation as a drain seam to form a ditch. Then, according to the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, uniformly mixing the saline-alkali soil with decomposed organic fertilizer or nutrient soil according to a certain proportion, filling the mixture into a planting ditch or a planting pool, keeping the soil to be 10-15 cm lower than the planting ditch or the planting pool, and pouring water to sink, so as to ensure that the salt content of the improved soil is reduced to below 0.3%, and the pH value is adjusted to be between 6.5 and 8.5. Finally, planting the annual seedlings of the winter-resistant, cold-resistant and salt-resistant grape stocks (such as 1103P, 101-14, riparia Glorie, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C and hybrid varieties of mountain grapes such as North rose, north red, leun red and the like) at a plant spacing of 1.0-4.0 m, normally watering, fertilizing, weeding and pesticide spraying management, cutting 120-180 cm bamboo poles or thin steel bars at the side of each seedling, and being used for binding the germinated branches and tendrils, ensuring the vertical growth of the branches and tendrils, and forming the grape stock base seedlings, see the spring and summer of the attached drawing 1. After grape stock seedlings grow to 80-150 cm high, when branches and tendrils are semi-lignified at the position 60-130 cm away from the ground, the branches and tendrils are reserved at the height 60-130 cm, the tips are cut off (note: the same land block is required to be grafted at the same height and is preferably 70-110 cm high), the required grape varieties are grafted by adopting a green branch grafting technology, the grape varieties are cultivated according to a grafting seedling management technology, newly germinated scion branches are vertically bound on bamboo poles or thin steel bars, the base of the scion in the current year is ensured to form full mature 3-5 winter buds, after leaves fall in winter, 2-3 mature buds are reserved, white stocks are smeared on the trunk in winter, the reserved scions and the 10cm below an interface are wrapped by using a heat preservation material, safe overwintering is realized, and traditional pressed tendril-buried soil winter protection can be adopted, and the winter protection can be realized, see fig. 1 in summer and autumn. Similarly, the first year of cultivation of the ground stock seedling can be adopted without green branch grafting, and after winter defoliation, 70-140 cm mature branches are cut and kept for overwintering, see the first year of the attached figure 3.
Removing the heat insulation material before the next spring and the next warm, after the germination, selecting and reserving 1-2 newly germinated robust branches for each plant, vertically binding on bamboo poles or thin steel bars or hard branch grafting is carried out on the ground-to-ground stock seedlings at the height of 60-70 cm, referring to spring and summer in the second year of fig. 3, scientifically managing, thickening, maturing and aging grape branches and tendrils to reach the expected growth height, shearing and reserving 50-120 cm mature branches and tendrils in winter, coating white stock with a winter trunk whitewashing agent, wrapping the reserved scions and the stock 10cm below an interface with the heat insulation material, and realizing safe overwintering, referring to spring, summer and autumn in the second year of fig. 3 and spring, summer and winter in the second year of fig. 5.
Before the spring of the third year warms up and sprouts, removing the wrapping material, bending the stock to be right angle in the same direction at the position 10cm below the grafting opening, and horizontally binding the mature branches and tendrils which are cut to be 50-120 cm on the first iron wire to form a single Gu Yaote L-shaped tree shape with the plant height of 50-120 cm. After the horizontal scion branches sprout, reserving a vertical and upward growing robust branch for vertically binding to a second thread and a third thread every 20cm, erasing redundant sprouting, reserving 1-2 scions according to normal cultivation management, reserving no scions or 1 scion for weak branches, and ensuring normal growth of all annual branches, wherein the method is shown in the third year, spring, summer and autumn of the attached figure 5. When winter defoliation is carried out, the annual mature branch scissors at the top end are selected to be reserved for 50-120 cm, the annual mature branch scissors are flattened forwards and bound on a first wire, the annual branches at the other base part are reserved for 2-bud short scissors to form a complete single Gu Yaote L-shaped shaping tree form, then, the winter trunk whitewashing agent is used for whitewashing the stock, and the reserved scions and the stock 10cm below the connector are wrapped by a heat preservation material, so that safe overwintering is realized, and the third year winter heat preservation is shown in the attached drawing 11.
After the fourth year, the normal management is carried out, the standard tree form is reserved, and the result condition is shown in figure 11. After the leaves fall in winter, 2 buds of all branches are left, the white stock is coated with a white coating agent for the trunk in winter, the reserved scions and the stock 10cm below the joints are wrapped by a heat insulation material, safe overwintering is realized, if the horizontal extension branch does not reach the previous plant horizontal fruiting branch, the method can be used for continuously flattening the annual branches at the top end to the previous plant horizontal fruiting branch.
Example 2 (using grooved double list Gu Yaote L shape shaping):
firstly, analyzing and measuring the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, and calculating the improvement quantity of the saline-alkali soil, so that the improved soil grape stock can normally grow. Secondly, digging a planting ditch with the width of 60-80 cm and the depth of 70-100 cm according to the line spacing of 3.0-3.5 m, paving two sides and the bottom of the planting ditch by using a plastic film with the width of 0.9-1.3 m and the thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm, leaving a 30cm film at the center of the ditch bottom, and removing redundant irrigation as a drain seam to form a ditch. Then, according to the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, uniformly mixing the saline-alkali soil with decomposed organic fertilizer or nutrient soil according to a certain proportion, filling the mixture into a planting ditch or a planting pool, keeping the soil to be 10-15 cm lower than the planting ditch or the planting pool, and pouring water to sink, so as to ensure that the salt content of the improved soil is reduced to below 0.3%, and the pH value is adjusted to be between 6.5 and 8.5. Finally, planting the annual seedlings of the winter-resistant, cold-resistant and salt-resistant grape stocks (such as 1103P, 101-14, riparia Glorie, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C and hybrid varieties of mountain grapes such as North rose, north red, leun red and the like) at plant spacing of 1.0-4.0 m, normally watering, fertilizing, weeding and pesticide spraying management, cutting 120-180 cm bamboo poles or thin steel bars at the side of each seedling, and being used for binding the germinated branches and tendrils, ensuring the vertical growth of the branches and tendrils, and forming the grape stock sitting seedlings, see the attached drawing 1 in spring and summer. After grape stock seedlings grow to 80-150 cm high, when branches and tendrils are semi-lignified at the position 60-130 cm away from the ground, the branches and tendrils are reserved at the height 60-130 cm, the tips are cut off (note: the same land block is required to be grafted at the same height and is preferably 70-110 cm high), the required grape varieties are grafted by adopting a green branch grafting technology, the grape varieties are cultivated according to a grafting seedling management technology, newly germinated scion branches are vertically bound on bamboo poles or thin steel bars, the base of the scion in the current year is ensured to form full mature 3-5 winter buds, after leaves fall in winter, 2-3 mature buds are reserved, white stocks are smeared on the trunk in winter, the reserved scions and the 10cm below an interface are wrapped by using a heat preservation material, safe overwintering is realized, and traditional pressed tendril-buried soil winter protection can be adopted, and the winter protection can be realized as shown in the accompanying figure 1. Similarly, the first year of cultivation of the ground stock seedling can be adopted without green branch grafting, and after winter defoliation, 70-140 cm mature branches are cut and kept for overwintering, see the first year of the attached figure 3.
Removing the heat insulation material before the next spring and warmth are started and sprouting, after sprouting, selecting and reserving 1-2 newly sprouted robust branches for each plant, vertically binding on bamboo poles or thin steel bars or hard branch grafting is carried out on the ground-to-ground stock seedlings at the height of 60-70 cm, the method is shown in spring and summer in the second year of fig. 3, scientific management is carried out, the grape branches are thickened, matured and aged to reach the expected growth height, 50-120 cm mature branches are reserved in winter, the winter trunk whitewash is used for whitewashing the stock, the reserved scions and the stock 10cm below the joints are wrapped by the heat insulation material, and safe overwintering is realized, and the method is shown in spring, summer and autumn in the second year of fig. 3 and the second year of fig. 5.
Before the spring of the third year warms up and sprouts, removing the wrapping material, bending the stock to be right angle in the same direction at the position 10cm below the grafting opening, and horizontally binding the mature branches and tendrils which are cut to be 50-120 cm on the first iron wire to form a single Gu Yaote L-shaped tree shape with the plant height of 50-120 cm. After the horizontal scion branches sprout, keeping a vertical and upward growing robust branch to be vertically bound to a second wire and a third wire according to each 20cm, erasing redundant sprout, keeping 1-2 scions according to normal cultivation management, keeping no fruits or 1 scion fruits on the weak branch, and ensuring normal growth of all annual branches, see the third spring, summer and autumn of the attached figure 5. When winter defoliation is carried out, the annual branch shears at the base part are selected to be reserved for 50-120 cm, and are reversely flattened and bound on the first wire, and the other annual branches are reserved for 2-bud short shears, so that double-sheet Gu Yaote L-shaped shaping is formed. Then, the stock is whitened by a trunk whitewashing agent in winter, and the stock 10cm below the reserved scion and the joint is wrapped by a heat preservation material, and the safe overwintering is realized by referring to a third winter in a figure 12.
After the fourth year, the normal tree form is reserved according to normal management, the result condition is shown in figure 12, after leaves fall in winter, 2 buds of all branches are reserved for short shearing, the white agent of the trunk in winter is used for whitewashing the stock, and the reserved scions and the 10cm stock below the connector are wrapped by the heat-insulating material, so that safe overwintering is realized. If the horizontal extension branch fails to reach the previous or next horizontal fruiting branch, the method can be used for continuously flattening the annual branches at the top end to the previous or next horizontal fruiting branch.
Example 3 (using tank type Shan Guyao tex L shape shaping):
firstly, analyzing and measuring the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, and calculating the improvement quantity of the saline-alkali soil, so that the improved soil grape stock can normally grow. Then, according to the row spacing of 2.5-3.0 m and the plant spacing of 4.0-10.0 m, building a planting pool with the clearance size of 1.5-2.0 m, the width of 1.5-2.0 m and the height of 0.5-0.6 m by using bricks or other building materials, wherein the bottom is in direct contact with the ground, the bottom and the periphery of the planting pool are paved by using a plastic film with the thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm, and the center of the bottom is reserved with 0.5X0.5 m water seepage holes to remove redundant water filling, so as to form a box pool. Then, according to the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, uniformly mixing the saline-alkali soil with decomposed organic fertilizer or nutrient soil according to a certain proportion, filling the mixture into a planting ditch or a planting pool, irrigating and sinking the mixture, keeping the soil to be 10-15 cm lower than the planting ditch or the planting pool, ensuring that the salt content of the improved soil is reduced to below 0.3%, and adjusting the pH value to between 6.5 and 8.5. Finally, planting annual seedlings of safe overwintering, anti-dry, cold-resistant and salt-resistant grape stocks (such as 1103P, 101-14, riparia gloriee, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C, hybrid varieties of mountain grapes such as North rose, north red, legious red and the like) at the center of the tank, normal watering, fertilization, weeding and pesticide spraying management, cutting 120-180 cm bamboo poles or thin steel bars at the side of each seedling, and using the seedlings to tie up germinated branches and tendrils, ensuring the vertical growth of the branches and tendrils, and forming grape stock ground seedlings, see the attached drawing 2 in spring and summer. After grape stock seedlings grow to 80-150 cm high, when branches and tendrils are semi-lignified at the position 60-130 cm away from the ground, the branches and tendrils are reserved at the height 60-130 cm, the tips are cut off (note: the same land block is required to be grafted at the same height and is preferably 70-110 cm high), the required grape varieties are grafted by adopting a green branch grafting technology, the grape varieties are cultivated according to a grafting seedling management technology, newly germinated scion branches are vertically bound on bamboo poles or thin steel bars, the base of the scion in the current year is ensured to form full mature 3-5 winter buds, after leaves fall in winter, 2-3 mature buds are reserved, white stocks are smeared on the trunk in winter, the reserved scions and the 10cm below an interface are wrapped by using a heat preservation material, safe overwintering is realized, and traditional pressed tendril-buried soil winter protection can be adopted, and the winter protection can be realized, see fig. 2. Similarly, the first year of cultivation of the ground stock seedling can be adopted without green branch grafting, and after winter defoliation, 70-140 cm mature branches are cut and reserved for overwintering, see the first year of fig. 4.
Removing the heat insulation material before the next spring and the next warm, after the germination, selecting and reserving 1-2 newly germinated robust branches for each plant, vertically binding on bamboo poles or thin steel bars or hard branch grafting is carried out on the ground-to-ground stock seedlings at the height of 60-70 cm, referring to spring and summer in the second year of fig. 4, scientifically managing, thickening, maturing and aging grape branches and tendrils to reach the expected growth height, shearing and reserving 50-120 cm mature branches and tendrils in winter, coating white stock with a winter trunk whitewashing agent, wrapping the reserved scions and the stock 10cm below an interface with the heat insulation material, and realizing safe overwintering, referring to spring, summer and autumn in the second year of fig. 4 and spring, summer and winter in the second year of fig. 6.
Before the spring of the third year warms up and sprouts, removing the wrapping material, bending the stock to be right angle in the same direction at the position 10cm below the grafting opening, and horizontally binding the mature branches and tendrils which are cut to be 50-120 cm on the first iron wire to form a single Gu Yaote L-shaped tree shape with the plant height of 50-120 cm. After the horizontal scion branches sprout, keeping a strong branch growing vertically every 20cm, wherein the strong branch is in a fruiting shape in the third spring of the drawing 6 and the third year of the drawing 7, or binding the V-shaped branch to the second branch and the third branch, the residual sprout is erased in a shape in the third year of the drawing 9, 1-2 scions are kept in each strong branch according to normal cultivation management, and the weak branch is not left with fruits or leaves with 1 scion, so that normal growth of all annual branches is ensured. When winter defoliation is carried out, the annual mature branch scissors at the top end are selected to be reserved for 50-120 cm, and are flattened forwards and bound on the first thread, and the annual branches at the other base part are reserved for 2-bud short scissors, so that a complete single Gu Yaote L-shaped shaping tree form is formed. Then, the stock is whitened by a trunk whitewashing agent in winter, and the stock 10cm below the reserved scion and the joint is wrapped by a heat insulation material, so that safe overwintering is realized, and the safe overwintering is realized, wherein the safe overwintering is shown in a third year of winter in the attached drawings 7 and 9.
After the fourth year, the normal tree results are reserved according to normal management, after leaves fall in winter, 2 buds of all branches are reserved for short shearing, the white agent of the trunk in winter is used for whitewashing the stock, and the reserved scions and the 10cm stock below the joints are wrapped by heat preservation materials, so that safe overwintering is realized. If the horizontal extension branch fails to reach the previous plant horizontal fruiting branch, the method can be used for continuously flattening the annual branches at the top end to the previous plant horizontal fruiting branch.
Example 4 (using tank-type double couette L-shape shaping):
firstly, analyzing and measuring the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, and calculating the improvement quantity of the saline-alkali soil, so that the improved soil grape stock can normally grow. Then, according to the row spacing of 2.5-3.0 m and the plant spacing of 4.0-10.0 m, building a planting pool with the clearance size of 1.5-2.0 m, the width of 1.5-2.0 m and the height of 0.5-0.6 m by using bricks or other building materials, wherein the bottom is in direct contact with the ground, the bottom and the periphery of the planting pool are paved by using a plastic film with the thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm, and the center of the bottom is reserved with 0.5X0.5 m water seepage holes to remove redundant water filling, so as to form a box pool. Then, according to the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, uniformly mixing the saline-alkali soil with decomposed organic fertilizer or nutrient soil according to a certain proportion, filling the mixture into a planting ditch or a planting pool, keeping the soil to be 10-15 cm lower than the planting ditch or the planting pool, and pouring water to sink, so as to ensure that the salt content of the improved soil is reduced to below 0.3%, and the pH value is adjusted to be between 6.5 and 8.5. Finally, planting annual seedlings of safe overwintering, anti-dry, cold-resistant and salt-resistant grape stocks (such as 1103P, 101-14, riparia gloriee, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C, hybrid varieties of mountain grapes such as North rose, north red, legious red and the like) at the center of the tank, normal watering, fertilization, weeding and pesticide spraying management, cutting 120-180 cm bamboo poles or thin steel bars at the side of each seedling, and using the seedlings to tie up germinated branches and tendrils, ensuring the vertical growth of the branches and tendrils, and forming grape stock ground seedlings, see the attached drawing 2 in spring and summer. After grape stock seedlings grow to 80-150 cm high, when branches and tendrils are semi-lignified at the position 60-130 cm away from the ground, the branches and tendrils are reserved at the height 60-130 cm, the tips are cut off (note: the same land block is required to be grafted at the same height and is preferably 70-110 cm high), the required grape varieties are grafted by adopting a green branch grafting technology, the grape varieties are cultivated according to a grafting seedling management technology, newly germinated scion branches are vertically bound on bamboo poles or thin steel bars, the base of the scion in the current year is ensured to form full mature 3-5 winter buds, after leaves fall in winter, 2-3 mature buds are reserved, white stocks are smeared on the trunk in winter, the reserved scions and the 10cm below an interface are wrapped by using a heat preservation material, safe overwintering is realized, and traditional pressed tendril-buried soil winter protection can be adopted, and the winter protection can be realized, see fig. 2. Similarly, the first year of cultivation of the ground stock seedling can be adopted without green branch grafting, and after winter defoliation, 70-140 cm mature branches are cut and reserved for overwintering, see the first year of fig. 4.
Removing the heat insulation material before the next spring and the next warm, after the germination, selecting and reserving 1-2 newly germinated robust branches for each plant, vertically binding on bamboo poles or thin steel bars or hard branch grafting is carried out on the ground-to-ground stock seedlings at the height of 60-70 cm, referring to spring and summer in the second year of fig. 4, scientifically managing, thickening, maturing and aging grape branches and tendrils to reach the expected growth height, shearing and reserving 50-120 cm mature branches and tendrils in winter, coating white stock with a winter trunk whitewashing agent, wrapping the reserved scions and the stock 10cm below an interface with the heat insulation material, and realizing safe overwintering, referring to spring, summer and autumn in the second year of fig. 4 and spring, summer and winter in the second year of fig. 6.
Before the spring of the third year warms up and sprouts, removing the wrapping material, bending the stock to be right angle in the same direction at the position 10cm below the grafting opening, and horizontally binding the mature branches and tendrils which are cut to be 50-120 cm on the first iron wire to form a single Gu Yaote L-shaped tree shape with the plant height of 50-120 cm. After the horizontal scion branches sprout, keeping one healthy branch growing vertically every 20cm, wherein the healthy branch is in a fruiting shape in the third spring of the drawing 6 and the third year of the drawing 8, or binding the V-shaped branch to a second thread and a third thread, the fruiting shape in the third year of the drawing 10, erasing redundant sprout, keeping 1-2 scions in each healthy branch, keeping no fruits or 1 scion in weak branches according to normal cultivation management, and ensuring normal growth of all annual branches. When winter defoliation is carried out, the annual mature branch scissors at the base part are selected to be reserved for 50-120 cm, and are reversely flattened and bound on the first thread, and the annual branches at the other base parts are reserved for 2-bud short scissors, so that a complete double-ancient special L-shaped shaping tree shape is formed. Then, the stock is whitened by a trunk whitewashing agent in winter, and the stock 10cm below the reserved scion and the joint is wrapped by a heat insulation material, so that safe overwintering is realized, and the safe overwintering is realized, wherein the safe overwintering is shown in the accompanying drawings 8 and 10.
After the fourth year, according to normal management, normal tree results are reserved, after leaves fall in winter, 2 buds are reserved on all branches, a winter trunk whitewash is used for whitewashing the stock, the reserved scions and the stock 10cm below the joints are wrapped by a heat insulation material, safe overwintering is realized, if horizontal extension branches cannot reach a former or latter horizontal fruiting branch, the method can be used for continuously flattening the annual branches at the top to the former or latter horizontal fruiting branch.
Example 5 (using tank "H" shape shaping):
firstly, analyzing and measuring the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, and calculating the improvement quantity of the saline-alkali soil, so that the improved soil grape stock can normally grow. Then, according to the row spacing of 2.5-3.0 m and the plant spacing of 4.0-10.0 m, building a planting pool with the clearance size of 1.5-2.0 m, the width of 1.5-2.0 m and the height of 0.5-0.6 m by using bricks or other building materials, wherein the bottom is in direct contact with the ground, the bottom and the periphery of the planting pool are paved by using a plastic film with the thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm, and the center of the bottom is reserved with 0.5X0.5 m water seepage holes to remove redundant water filling, so as to form a box pool. Then, according to the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, uniformly mixing the saline-alkali soil with decomposed organic fertilizer or nutrient soil according to a certain proportion, filling the mixture into a planting ditch or a planting pool, keeping the soil to be 10-15 cm lower than the planting ditch or the planting pool, and pouring water to sink, so as to ensure that the salt content of the improved soil is reduced to below 0.3%, and the pH value is adjusted to be between 6.5 and 8.5. Finally, planting annual seedlings of safe overwintering, anti-dry, cold-resistant and salt-resistant grape stocks (such as 1103P, 101-14, riparia gloriee, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C, hybrid varieties of mountain grapes such as North rose, north red, legious red and the like) at the center of the tank, normal watering, fertilization, weeding and pesticide spraying management, cutting 120-180 cm bamboo poles or thin steel bars at the side of each seedling, and using the seedlings to tie up germinated branches and tendrils, ensuring the vertical growth of the branches and tendrils, and forming grape stock ground seedlings, see the attached drawing 2 in spring and summer. After grape stock seedlings grow to 80-150 cm high, when branches and tendrils are semi-lignified at the position 60-130 cm away from the ground, the branches and tendrils are reserved at the height 60-130 cm, the tips are cut off (note: the same land block is required to be grafted at the same height and is preferably 70-110 cm high), the required grape varieties are grafted by adopting a green branch grafting technology, the grape varieties are cultivated according to a grafting seedling management technology, newly germinated scion branches are vertically bound on bamboo poles or thin steel bars, the base of the scion in the current year is ensured to form full mature 3-5 winter buds, after leaves fall in winter, 2-3 mature buds are reserved, white stocks are smeared on the trunk in winter, the reserved scions and the 10cm below an interface are wrapped by using a heat preservation material, safe overwintering is realized, and traditional pressed tendril-buried soil winter protection can be adopted, and the winter protection can be realized, see fig. 2. Similarly, the first year of cultivation of the ground stock seedling can be adopted without green branch grafting, and after winter defoliation, 70-140 cm mature branches are cut and reserved for overwintering, see the first year of fig. 4.
Removing the heat insulation material before the next spring and the next warm, after the germination, selecting and reserving 1-2 newly germinated robust branches for each plant, vertically binding on bamboo poles or thin steel bars or hard branch grafting is carried out on the ground-opposite stock seedlings at the height of 60-70 cm, the method is shown in spring and summer in the second year of fig. 4, scientific management is carried out, the grape branches and tendrils are thickened, matured and aged to reach the expected growth height, 50-120 cm mature branches and tendrils are reserved in winter, the winter trunk whitewash is used for whitewashing the stock, the reserved scions and the stock 10cm below the joints are wrapped by the heat insulation material, so that safe overwintering is realized, and the safe overwintering is realized in spring, summer and autumn in the second year of fig. 4 and in the second year of fig. 6.
Before the spring of the third year warms up and sprouts, removing the wrapping material, bending the stock to be right angle in the same direction at the position 10cm below the grafting opening, and horizontally binding the mature branches and tendrils which are cut to be 50-120 cm on the first iron wire to form a single Gu Yaote L-shaped tree shape with the plant height of 50-120 cm. After the horizontal scion branches sprout, keeping a strong branch growing vertically every 20cm, wherein the strong branch is in a fruiting shape in the third spring of the drawing 6 and the third year of the drawing 8, or binding the V-shaped branch to the second branch and the third branch, the fruiting shape in the third year of the drawing 10, erasing redundant sprout, keeping 1-2 scions in each strong branch according to normal cultivation management, keeping no fruits or 1 scion in weak branches, and ensuring normal growth of all annual branches. When winter defoliation is cut in winter, a base part and a top annual mature branch are selected to be reserved for 50-120 cm, the base part annual branch is reversely flattened and bound on a first wire, the top branch is flattened vertically to the main vine, the H-shaped shaping is gradually cultivated year by year, a white coating agent is used for coating the white stock on the trunk in winter, the reserved scion and the 10cm stock below the connector are wrapped by a heat insulation material to realize safe overwintering, and the H-shaped shaping can also be cultivated and shaped by utilizing auxiliary tip shaping during summer shaping and pruning.
And after the fourth year, the normal tree result is reserved according to normal management. After the leaves fall in winter, 2 buds of all branches are reserved for short shearing, a white agent for the trunk in winter is used for coating white stocks, and the reserved scions and the stocks 10cm below the joints are wrapped by heat-insulating materials, so that safe overwintering is realized.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The method for cultivating the grape in the saline-alkali soil without taking off the frame and burying soil for overwintering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. saline-alkali soil root zone limit improvement:
a1. analyzing and measuring the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, and calculating the improvement quantity of the saline-alkali soil, so that the improved soil grape stock can normally grow;
a2. digging a planting ditch with the width of 60-80 cm and the depth of 70-100 cm according to the line spacing of 3.0-3.5 m, paving two sides and the bottom of the planting ditch with plastic films with the width of 0.9-1.3 m and the thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm, leaving a 30cm film at the center of the ditch bottom, and removing redundant irrigation as a drainage seam to form a ditch; or according to the row spacing of 2.5-3.0 m and the plant spacing of 4.0-10.0 m, building a planting pool with the clearance size of 1.5-2.0 m, the width of 1.5-2.0 m and the height of 0.5-0.6 m by using bricks or other building materials, wherein the bottom is in direct contact with the ground, the bottom and the periphery of the planting pool are paved by using plastic films with the thickness of 0.08-0.15 mm, and 0.5X0.5 m water seepage holes are reserved in the center of the bottom to remove redundant water seepage, so that a box pool is formed;
a3. according to the salt content and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, uniformly mixing the saline-alkali soil and decomposed organic fertilizer or nutrient soil according to a certain proportion, filling the mixture into a planting ditch or a planting pool, keeping the soil to be 10-15 cm lower than the planting ditch or the planting pool, and filling water to be sunken and solid, so that the salt content of the improved soil is reduced to below 0.3%, and the pH value is adjusted to between 6.5 and 8.5;
b. and (3) planting of the anti-dry cold-resistant salt-resistant grape rootstock:
groove type and tank type improvement are respectively carried out according to plant spacing of 1.0-4.0 m and planting at the center, so that annual seedlings of the winter-resistant, cold-resistant, salt-resistant grape stocks can be safely planted, normal watering, fertilization, weeding and pesticide spraying management are carried out, 120-180 cm bamboo poles or thin steel bars are cut on each seedling side for binding the germinated branches and tendrils, vertical growth of the branches and tendrils is ensured, and the grape stock ground-setting seedlings are formed;
c. the grape variety grafting method comprises the following steps:
after the grape stock seedlings grow to 80-150 cm in the current year, when branches and tendrils are semi-lignified at the position 60-130 cm away from the ground, the tops of the branches and tendrils are cut off at the position 60-130 cm away from the ground, the grape varieties required by grafting are grafted by adopting a green branch grafting technology, the grape varieties are cultivated according to a grafting seedling management technology, the newly germinated scion branches are vertically bound on bamboo poles or thin steel bars, so that full and mature 3-5 winter buds are formed at the base of the scion in the current year, and the safe overwintering can be realized by simple package; likewise, hard-branch grafting methods may also be employed: the method comprises the steps of culturing ground stock seedlings in the first year, keeping mature branches at 70-140 cm in winter after leaves fall in winter, performing hard branch grafting at the height of 60-130 cm in spring in the second year, and culturing the hard branch grafted seedlings normally;
d. and (3) shaping and pruning:
d1. selecting 2-3 full mature scions, cutting, trimming and pruning the scions in a short way after leaves of the first year green branch grafted seedlings fall;
d2. selecting 1-2 new sprouted robust branches per plant in spring in the second year, directly binding the branches on bamboo poles or thin steel bars or culturing 1-2 hard branches of the stock seedlings in the sitting place for grafting, performing scientific management to thicken, mature and age grape branches, reaching the expected growth height, and shearing and retaining 50-120 cm mature branches for later use after winter defoliation;
d3. removing the wrapping material before sprouting in spring of the third year, bending all plants at 10cm below a grafting opening to form a right angle in the same direction, horizontally binding mature branches and tendrils which are cut to be 50-120 cm on a first iron wire to form a single Gu Yaote L-shaped tree form with the plant height of 50-120 cm, after sprouting of horizontal scion branches, keeping one vertical or V-shaped growth robust branch for every 20cm, binding the vertical or V-shaped growth robust branch to a second wire and a third wire, erasing redundant sprouting, managing according to normal cultivation, keeping 1-2 scions for every robust branch, leaving no weak branch or 1 scion, ensuring normal growth of all annual branches, after leaf falling in winter, selecting a base part or a top annual branch to be cut to be 50-120 cm according to different shaping modes, reversely flattening the branches and tendrils on the first iron wire to form a complete single Gu Yaote L-shaped shaping tree form or double single Gu Yaote L-shaped shaping tree form after the horizontal scion branches are left in the rest of one year, and then using a white stock for coating the white stock to cover the winter, and the white stock is coated with the preserved by the stock for 10 cm;
d4. after the fourth year, the heat-insulating material is removed before the spring warms and sprouts, normal tree forms and result management are reserved according to normal management, after winter defoliation, 2 buds are reserved for short shearing of all branches, the winter trunk whitewash is used for whitewashing the stock, the reserved scions and the stock 10cm below the joints are wrapped by the heat-insulating material, safe overwintering is realized, if the horizontal extension branch cannot reach the front or rear horizontal fruiting branch, the method can be used for continuously flattening the top annual branches to the front or rear horizontal fruiting branch.
2. The method for overwintering cultivation of grapes in saline-alkali soil without taking off the rack and burying soil, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and b, the grape stock varieties resisting the dry pumping, cold and salt in the step are hybrid varieties of amur grape.
3. The method for overwintering cultivation of grapes in saline-alkali soil without taking off the rack and burying soil, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the grape stock varieties resisting the dry and cold in the step b are any one of 1103P, 101-14, riparia gloriee, 420A MGt, 196-17Cl, 161-49C, 3309C, north rose, north red and Levoeured.
4. The method for overwintering cultivation of grapes in saline-alkali soil without taking off the rack and burying soil, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and c, the same land block in the green branch grafting in the step must be grafted at the same height.
5. The method for overwintering cultivation of grapes in saline-alkali soil without taking off the rack and burying soil, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the height of the remaining branches and tendrils in the green branch grafting in the step c is preferably 70-110 cm.
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| CN113197004B (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2024-02-02 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Planting method and device for ecological economic forest under irrigation-free condition |
| CN113575267A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-11-02 | 宁夏大学 | Grape planting and photovoltaic power generation industry fusion operation and method in soil-buried cold-proof area |
| CN114946514A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-30 | 山东农业大学 | Method for preventing grape branches from being drained |
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