CN105557318A - Grafting method for apple tree - Google Patents

Grafting method for apple tree Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105557318A
CN105557318A CN201510930005.9A CN201510930005A CN105557318A CN 105557318 A CN105557318 A CN 105557318A CN 201510930005 A CN201510930005 A CN 201510930005A CN 105557318 A CN105557318 A CN 105557318A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
scion
stock
grafting
grafting method
sprout
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Pending
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CN201510930005.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
于祎飞
刘俊
李敬川
张东风
汉瑞峰
宫英振
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Hebei Academy of Forestry Sciences
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Hebei Academy of Forestry Sciences
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Priority to CN201510930005.9A priority Critical patent/CN105557318A/en
Publication of CN105557318A publication Critical patent/CN105557318A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a grafting method for an apple tree and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. The grafting method comprises the steps of firstly, binding a graft to a rootstock by adopting a single-bud grafting method in a manner that the graft is bound to a graft zone of the rootstock and the graft zone is a part, away from the ground by 60cm to 80cm, of the rootstock, upwards peeling cortex of a part, which is away from the graft zone by 10cm, of the rootstock by 10cm after the binding is completed so as to prepare a live upright post, erasing sprouts from the rootstock completely except for new shoots, binding newborn branches to the live upright post after the length of each new shoot reaches 18cm to 25cm, then, unbinding the newborn branches during later-stage pruning, shearing off the live upright post, and carrying out fertilizer and water and disease and insect pest control management. By the grafting method disclosed by the invention, the survival rate of grafting is high, and the survival rate of grafted trees is high.

Description

The grafting method of a kind of apple tree
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit cultivation, relate to the grafting method of fruit tree, be specifically related to the grafting method of a kind of apple tree, by grafting method of the present invention, graft survival rate is high, to set body survival rate after grafting high.
Background technology
Chengde and Zhangjiakou area is the main cultivation area of Guoguang apple, very suitable Guoguang apple growth.Field planting large gauge stock, connects high for improved seeds, and grafting, on stock, is fast run-up garden, Quick-forming, forms fast the most effective way of output.Owing to affecting by monsoon climate, very easily there is windburn period in spring grafting, cause mechanical damage, again can only mend and connect, as adopted slotting bamboo pole bondage method, time-consumingly to take a lot of work, increase production cost.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just that providing a kind of provides apple tree grafting new method for windy climatic characteristic in spring, invents a kind of apple tree column bud grafting method alive, improves graft survival rate, optimize apple building techniques.
The present invention is the technical scheme realizing the employing of its object:
The grafting method of a kind of apple tree, first adopting simple bud to connect grafting is strapped on stock by scion, described scion is strapped in the scion district of stock, described scion district is that stock is apart from 60-80cm place, ground, after bondage completes, by from bondage district upwards the stock at 10cm place upwards peel off 10cm crust, make column of living, except young sprout, the rudiment on stock is all erased, when young sprout grows to 18-25cm, newborn branch is strapped on column alive, when then pruning to the later stage, newborn branch solution is tied up, and work column is wiped out, carry out rich water, damage by disease and insect prevention and control manage.
Adopt simple bud to connect the concrete operations that scion is strapped on stock by grafting to be:
The selection of A, stock: select the Mains micromalus of more than leading thread 3cm, more than plant height 1.5m as stock;
B, the taking of scion: take healthy apple branch bar as scion from the elite stand more than 8 years age of trees;
C, cut scion: when cutting scion, sprout upward, from the oblique partial application in side, sprout bottom, is whittled into the smooth ramp tangent plane of 2-3cm, opposite side cuts the scarf of 0.5-1cm, wedge shape in one is long and the other is short two scarves, then apart under the 0.9-1.1cm cross cutting scissors of sprout top, the scion after cutting is 3-4cm;
D, cut stock: at the smooth place of the stock in scion district downwards with the oblique partial application of grafting knife, deeply reach 2/3 of xylem, notch depth 2-3cm;
E, grafting fringe: the scion of being cut by step C is inserted in stock otch, inside the smooth ramp tangent plane of scion and stock, xylem fits tightly, and makes stock otch naturally clamp scion;
F, bondage: mulch film being cut into the wide 8-12cm of being, growing is the rectangular of 50-60cm, packs tightly interface and namely completes bondage.
Taking of described step B scion, after fallen leaves to rudiment, selects sprout full, without the annual branch of damage by disease and insect, is cut into 15-20cm section, waxdip, refrigeration, or adopts scion before rudiment and now adopt existing use.
A stock connects 2-3 scion, stock cutting part spacing 8-12cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention first adopts simple bud to connect grafting to be strapped on stock by scion, and save scion, operation is easy, and graft survival rate is high, can be used for nursery stock production or the large height of tree connects; Then by the column alive of newborn branch bondage, form " column method of living grafting ", replace inserting bamboo pole method, save labor, set body survival rate after ensureing grafting, set the survival rate 95% of body after grafting, the survival rate of the grafting tree body of prior art is only 80-85%.
Key of the present invention is for hills area, short mountain in spring, if grafting is not protected after completing, is newly slightly subject to windburn and loses.Conventional method needs, after completing grafting work, insert a bamboo pole on trunk side, for fixing, protecting newly slightly.And this method utilizes stock column of living to fix, protect and newly slightly save Master Cost and manpower.Compared with unprotect measure, newly slightly amount of growth improves more than 30%; Compared with slotting bamboo pole method, recruitment reduces about 50%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is column schematic diagram of laboring described in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the young sprout of bondage described in embodiment of the present invention schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is for wiping out column schematic diagram alive described in the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure, 1 representative column alive, 2 represent scion, and 3 represent stock, and 4 represent young sprout, and A represents bondage district.
Embodiment
Object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of for windy climatic characteristic in spring, apple tree grafting new method is provided, invents a kind of apple tree column bud grafting method alive, improve graft survival rate, optimize apple building techniques, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Hebei province's science and technology plan item is relied on to carry out, garden is built for the ruddiness system Guoguang apple of the autonomous seed selection of Hebei Adademy of Forestry Sciences, carry out apple column grafting alive build garden in Shijiazhuang Pingshan County, Huailai County, Zhangjiakou, Chengde County, Chengde respectively, stock is Mains micromalus (Malusrobustarehd.), and contrast with ordinary bud grafting method, build the garden gross area 100 mu.Concrete implementation step is as follows:
The first step, orchard be wholely:
Trench the or cave-shaped specification of ditch is (wide × dark) 100cm × 100cm wholely, the specification in cave be (long × wide × deeply) 100cm × 100cm × 100cm; The table soil and the subsoil pile up separately that dig out, (cow dung, chicken manure, corn stalk 1:1:1 become thoroughly decomposed fermentation to add 50-100kg decomposed manure depending on the every strain of soil fertility, lower with), backfill after 5kg biological organic fertilizer and the mixing of table soil, during backfill, subsoil is brought to Front, field planting row waters permeable, makes soil heavy real.
Second step, field planting stock:
The stock selected is Mains micromalus (Malusrobustarehd.).(Chengde and Zhangjiakou area is early April) field planting before sprouting to bud after soil thaws.Before planting, seedling root is soaked 24h in water, prune root system, with Peracetic acid 1 ︰ 300 times of liquid disinfectants, plant after dipping in clay slip.In the middle of the ditch backfilled, cave, dig out the planting pit of a length and width, dark each 30cm, every hole irrigation more than water 10kg, puts into water by seedling root, burying soil to exceeding primitive root neck place, after reality for seep, then sealing up the warm and sunny soil of one deck, using 1m 2mulch film from nursery stock top cover be laid on ground, with soil by hole and surrounding compacting.
3rd step, adopt scion:
Take from one-tenth elite stand in age.Choosing is healthy and strong, without the fine individual plant of quarantine object.After fallen leaves to rudiment, select sprout full, without the annual branch of damage by disease and insect, be cut into 15-20cm section, waxdip, refrigeration.Or now to adopt according to actual conditions and now connect.
4th step, column grafting of living:
Scion is whittled into the wedge shape of long (2-3cm) short (0.5-1cm) two scarves, then apart under the 1cm cross cutting scissors of sprout top, keeps sprout complete smoothly clean with tangent plane.At the level and smooth position of stock annotinous branch base portion, to cut sth. askew 1 cutter along branch, deeply reach xylem 2/3 place.The scion of cutting inserted in stock otch, the long tangent plane of scion will fit tightly with xylem inside stock.Mulch film is cut into wide 10cm, packs tightly with mulch film, one deck mulch film is wrapped up at interface eye position.Cut off branch apart from 30cm place on interface after grafting completes, the branch apart from more than interface 10cm is peelled off crust 10cm and to labor column.When young sprout grows to about 20cm, interface solution is tied up, and newborn branch is strapped on column alive.Newborn branch solution tied up during winter pruning, and wipe out column alive, stock rudiment is all erased.
5th step, rich water quality management:
Depending on soil moisture content, for ensureing that Survival rate of nursery stock and tree body Quick-forming suitably can increase irrigation frequency.Pour water 2 ~ 4 times every year in Cheng Ling garden.When soil moisture content is lower than field capacity 60%, pour water 1 ~ 2 time.In 6 ~ October, during time soil drought short of rain, pour water 1 ~ 2 time.Pour water penetration depth 80cm, fall leaves to soil freeze-up before fill with freeze water.
The fertilising of treelet phase is followed on a small quantity repeatedly, does not walk the principle of sky water.Combine fertilising during irrigation, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 100g is executed in average strain.
6th step, damage by disease and insect prevention and control:
To put prevention first, the Comprehensive Control Strategy that physics, chemical control combine.The extermination of disease and insect pest, from building garden, removes the host plant such as locust tree, juniper, willow having common damage by disease and insect around with apple.Rudiment Qian Quan garden spray insecticidal bactericide, carries out garden work clearly.Disease, to put prevention first, strengthens water and fertilizer management, and culture fertility strengthens tree vigo(u)r, improves resistance against diseases, regularly sprays microbial inoculum, carry out disease prevention and control; Insect pest, based on control, within the pest activity phase, hangs the insect-killing trappings such as sweet and sour tank, black light lamp, insect sticker, develops into medicament after certain radix control until insect pest.
From the above, apple is lived, and to build garden be the grafting method implemented under building the Comprehensive Cultural measures such as garden based on matching species with the site, breeding strong sprout, standardization for column grafting.This test is selected to carry out in Guoguang apple cultivation Suitable Area (main cultivation area), meets the principle of matching species with the site.Ruddiness series Guoguang apple, the stock variety Mains micromalus of institute's seed selection be excellent in select excellent, its varietal adaptation, degeneration-resistant proterties are excellent.Carried out high standard before grafting to work, rhizosphere environment improves, and soil fertility significantly improves wholely.Growing season rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect prevention and control, for Survival rate of nursery stock growth provides healthy environment.Above-mentioned measure, for apple orchard column grafting survival alive has established solid foundation.
Implementation result:
1 apple of the present invention " column of living " grafting is on the impact of survival rate
Different grafting methods graft survival rate statistics is in table 1, and each department ruddiness system Guoguang apple graft survival rate is all best with grafting survival rate of the present invention as seen from table, and pole is significantly higher than contrast.Further investigation reveals that, grafting young sprout is just long-term, and on the occasion of at the end of spring and the beginning of summer dry-hot wind is prevailing, due to northwester how prevailing, a large amount of sand and dust be mingled with in strong wind, cause part young sprout directly to be blown off.Adopt grafting of the present invention, young sprout, obviously alleviates in the column lee side that lives by windburn situation with mulch film bondage.
Table 1 apple graft survival rate statistical form
Note: in table, B represents that in 5% level, difference is not remarkable, A represents that in 1% level, difference is not significantly (DMRT method).
The impact that 2 apple graftings of the present invention grow young sprout
Different grafting methods grafting shoot length statistics is in table 2, and each department ruddiness system Guoguang apple grafting shoot length is all the highest with grafting of the present invention as seen from table, and pole is significantly higher than contrast.Further investigation reveals that, carry out mending connecing after young sprout is blown off by dust storm, growth potential is on the weak side; Although part young sprout is not blown off by dust storm, be also subject to injury in various degree, as blown folding, the tip of a branch fractures, wilting etc., causes young sprout growth retardation then.
Table 2 apple grafting shoot length statistical form
Note: in table, B represents that in 5% level, difference is not remarkable, A represents that in 1% level, difference is not significantly (DMRT method).
3 apple graftings of the present invention are on the impact of grafting cost
Different grafting methods production cost statistical form in table 3, the grafting cost of each grafting method as seen from table, grafting of the present invention with contrast without obviously distinguishing, be better than slotting bamboo pole method.Grafting of the present invention compared with the control survival rate is high, and it is few that benefit connects recruitment.
Table 3 apple grafting production cost statistical form
This method is applicable to production of fruit trees Yuan Gaojiejian garden or reconfiguration, and test data is Mains micromalus Gao Jiejian garden.Namely first according to seeding row spacing 3 × 4 field planting Mains micromalus stock (stock specification is more than leading thread 2.5cm 1 grade of seedling), after tree body survives, method grafting of the present invention is started.
Note: contrast as after a grafting completes, reduce by interface top.Do not stay ' column of living ', also do not insert bamboo pole protection.

Claims (4)

1. the grafting method of an apple tree, first adopting simple bud to connect grafting is strapped on stock by scion, it is characterized in that: described scion is strapped in the scion district of stock, described scion district is that stock is apart from 60-80cm place, ground, after bondage completes, by from bondage district upwards the stock at 10cm place upwards peel off 10cm crust, make column of living, and except young sprout, the rudiment on stock is all erased, when young sprout grows to 18-25cm, newborn branch is strapped on column alive, when then pruning to the later stage, newborn branch solution is tied up, and work column is wiped out, carry out rich water, damage by disease and insect prevention and control manage.
2. the grafting method of a kind of apple tree according to claim 1, is characterized in that: adopt simple bud to connect the concrete operations that scion is strapped on stock by grafting to be:
The selection of A, stock: select the Mains micromalus of more than leading thread 3cm, more than plant height 1.5m as stock;
B, the taking of scion: take healthy apple branch bar as scion from the elite stand more than 8 years age of trees;
C, cut scion: when cutting scion, sprout upward, from the oblique partial application in side, sprout bottom, is whittled into the smooth ramp tangent plane of 2-3cm, opposite side cuts the scarf of 0.5-1cm, wedge shape in one is long and the other is short two scarves, then apart under the 0.9-1.1cm cross cutting scissors of sprout top, the scion after cutting is 3-4cm;
D, cut stock: at the smooth place of the stock in scion district downwards with the oblique partial application of grafting knife, deeply reach 2/3 of xylem, notch depth 2-3cm;
E, grafting fringe: the scion of being cut by step C is inserted in stock otch, inside the smooth ramp tangent plane of scion and stock, xylem fits tightly, and makes stock otch naturally clamp scion;
F, bondage: mulch film being cut into the wide 8-12cm of being, growing is the rectangular of 50-60cm, packs tightly interface and namely completes bondage.
3. the grafting method of a kind of apple tree according to claim 2, is characterized in that: taking of described step B scion, after fallen leaves to rudiment, select sprout full, without the annual branch of damage by disease and insect, be cut into 15-20cm section, waxdip, refrigeration, or adopt scion before rudiment and now adopt existing use.
4. the grafting method of a kind of apple tree according to claim 2, is characterized in that: a stock connects 2-3 scion, stock cutting part spacing 8-12cm.
CN201510930005.9A 2015-12-15 2015-12-15 Grafting method for apple tree Pending CN105557318A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105875336A (en) * 2016-05-24 2016-08-24 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所 Method for increasing fruit nursery stock grafting survival rate and uniformity degree
CN105917978A (en) * 2016-06-15 2016-09-07 安徽菲扬农业科技有限公司 Method for propagating malus spectabilis by means of grafting
CN109005987A (en) * 2018-08-01 2018-12-18 南京林业大学 A kind of method of Malus spectabilis righting
CN109328704A (en) * 2018-12-07 2019-02-15 李建明 A kind of apple tree Early Paleozoic strata stock garden building method

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105875336A (en) * 2016-05-24 2016-08-24 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所 Method for increasing fruit nursery stock grafting survival rate and uniformity degree
CN105917978A (en) * 2016-06-15 2016-09-07 安徽菲扬农业科技有限公司 Method for propagating malus spectabilis by means of grafting
CN109005987A (en) * 2018-08-01 2018-12-18 南京林业大学 A kind of method of Malus spectabilis righting
CN109328704A (en) * 2018-12-07 2019-02-15 李建明 A kind of apple tree Early Paleozoic strata stock garden building method

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Application publication date: 20160511