CN111345163A - Rapid rooting method for tilia amurensis cutting slips - Google Patents
Rapid rooting method for tilia amurensis cutting slips Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid rooting method for tilia amurensis cutting slips, which comprises the following steps: (1) ear picking: selecting the middle section of the current-year semi-lignified young shoot of the 2-3-year-old mother plant, and pruning the middle section into a cutting shoot; (2) pre-treating the cutting slips: soaking the lower end of the cutting in clear water for 6-8h, and changing water once every 2-3 h; soaking in rooting agent for 2-4 hr while ultrasonic treating; (3) cuttage management: the pretreated cutting shoot is inserted in a cutting medium of a seedling shed at the temperature of 20-25 ℃; continuously introducing 1000-2000ppm CO in the seedling raising shed every day2And (5) gas until transplanting. According to the method, the rooting time can be effectively shortened and the rooting rate can be improved through pretreatment of the cutting slips and regulation and control of environmental parameters after cutting; the method is simple and practical to operate and is suitable for large-scale propagation of tilia amurensis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a rapid rooting method for tilia amurensis cutting slips.
Background
Tilia amurensis belongs to Tiliaceae (Tiliaceae) Tilia (Tilia L.) and is a II-grade precious protective tree species in China, mainly produced in northeast China, eastern part of inner Mongolia and Yangtze river basin of Heilongjiang and Wusuli river and faces south to Korean peninsula.
The basswood is light and soft in material, compact and straight in texture, and is an important material for a good plywood plate and a core board in the market; the ecological value is higher, and the tree is beautiful in shape and fragrant in flowers, so that the tree is a better tree species for urban and courtyard greening. Meanwhile, tilia amurensis is also a famous honey source plant and is a special high-quality honey source in China. Tilia Miqueliana Maxim and root can also be used for medicinal purpose. Because of the industrial, edible and medicinal values of tilia amurensis, the demand is increasing gradually. However, tilia amurensis is mainly dependent on seed sowing and breeding, the seeds are compact, the dormancy period is long, the germination rate is low, and the seedlings emerge unevenly. In addition, because the tilia amurensis cutting slips are extremely difficult to root, the breeding effect by using the cutting method is not ideal, and large-scale breeding cannot be realized.
Therefore, how to provide a method capable of enabling the tilia amurensis cutting slips to rapidly root becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a rapid rooting method for tilia amurensis cutting slips, which is rapid in rooting speed and high in transplanting survival rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a rapid rooting method for tilia amurensis cutting slips comprises the following steps:
(1) ear picking: selecting the middle section of the current-year semi-lignified young shoot of the 2-3-year-old mother plant, and pruning the middle section into a cutting shoot;
(2) pre-treating the cutting slips: soaking the lower end of the cutting in clear water for 6-8h, and changing water once every 2-3 h; soaking in rooting agent for 2-4 hr while ultrasonic treating;
(3) cuttage management: the pretreated cutting shoot is inserted in a cutting medium of a seedling shed at the temperature of 20-25 ℃; 1000-plus 2000ppm CO is continuously communicated in seedling raising shed every day2And (5) gas until transplanting.
Hair brushThe pretreatment of the cutting shoots can effectively remove the components inhibiting rooting at the cut and promote the absorption of rooting agent. The rooting agent is adopted to assist ultrasonic treatment for root soaking, so that the division of cutting cells can be greatly stimulated, hormone components of the rooting agent can enter the cells, and vascular bundle sheath tissues are promoted to form root primordia; meanwhile, during the cuttage cultivation period, the seedling raising shed is continuously supplied with CO of 1000-2000ppm in daily time2The gas, in cooperation with the temperature management, can promote the synthesis of the auxin of the cutting slips.
Preferably, the scion in the step (1) is trimmed to the length of 6-10cm, the upper incision is cut flatly, the lower incision is cut obliquely, and 1 tender leaf is left.
Preferably, the rooting agent in the step (2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.05-0.3 part of rooting powder ABT1, 0.2-1 part of aspirin, 0.5-1 part of sucrose, 20-30 parts of 95% ethanol and 970 parts of water 960-plus.
Preferably, the soaking depth in the step (2) is 5-7cm below the cutting; the ultrasonic treatment is ultrasonic for 10-15s every 10min, and the ultrasonic power is 50-200W;
in the step (3), the cutting depth is 3-4cm below the cutting slips.
Preferably, the cutting medium comprises one or more of perlite, river sand, vermiculite and other substrates with good water permeability.
Preferably, in the cutting matrix, the mass ratio of the vinegar residue, the humus, the perlite, the river sand and the diatomite is (1-2) to (3-4) to (1-2).
The vinegar residue is the waste of solid fermentation vinegar brewing, and contains rich nutrient substances, particularly starch and cellulose. The vinegar residue is used as a cutting substrate, so that on one hand, nutrient components are provided for the cutting slips, on the other hand, the fluffy vinegar residue enables a plurality of pores to be formed in the cutting substrate, the oxygen content in the substrate is increased, the substrate drainage is facilitated, and the root system growth environment of the cutting slips is further improved.
Preferably, the perlite particle size is 100-150 mesh; the granularity of the river sand is 40-70 meshes; the particle size of the diatomite is 100-150 meshes.
The components in the matrix are mixed according to specific granularity and specific dosage, so that the matrix is breathable, loose and water-retaining, and further, the rooting time is favorably shortened, and the rooting rate is improved.
Preferably, the soil bactericide is sprayed on the cuttage matrix 2-3 days before cuttage.
Preferably, the soil fungicide comprises potassium permanganate solution, carbendazim, and the like.
Preferably, the row spacing of the cuttage is 6-8cm, and the plant spacing is 3-4 cm; after cutting, compacting the matrix around the cutting slips, and watering thoroughly; and after cuttage, a greenhouse intermittent spraying method is adopted. The air humidity is kept between 80 and 90 percent and the substrate humidity is kept between 50 and 70 percent in the first 30 days after cuttage, and then the humidity can be properly reduced or the illumination can be increased to ensure that the substrate is in a dry or wet state.
Preferably, the air humidity is kept between 85 and 90 percent and the substrate humidity is kept between 60 and 70 percent in the first 30 days after cuttage.
According to the technical scheme, the invention discloses the rapid rooting method of the tilia amurensis cutting slips, and the rooting time can be effectively shortened and the rooting rate can be improved through the pretreatment of the cutting slips and the regulation and control of environmental parameters after cutting; the method is simple and practical to operate and is suitable for large-scale propagation of tilia amurensis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows pictures of roots 30d (left) and 53d (right) after cuttage of the group of example 1.
FIG. 2 shows the 75d root pictures after cuttage of the group of comparative example 1.
FIG. 3 shows the 75d root pictures after the cuttage of the comparative example 2 group.
FIG. 4 shows the 75d root pictures after the cuttage of the group of the comparative example 3.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A rapid rooting method for tilia amurensis cutting slips comprises the following steps:
preparing a cutting medium: the mass ratio of the vinegar residue, the humus soil, the perlite, the river sand and the diatomite is 2: 1: 4: 3: 2. Wherein the granularity of the perlite is 100-150 meshes; the granularity of the river sand is 40-70 meshes; the particle size of the diatomite is 100-150 meshes. Uniformly spreading the cuttage matrix in a seedling raising shed, wherein the thickness is not less than 10 cm. And uniformly spraying 0.25% potassium permanganate solution into the cuttage matrix 2 days before cuttage.
Ear picking: one week before cuttage, sterilizing the stock plant by using 1000 times of liquid of 40% azoxystrobin; selecting an annual branch which grows strongly, has uniform thickness and is free from diseases and insect damages on a parent plant of the 2-year-old amur linden at the beginning of 7 months, taking a middle section of a semi-lignified young shoot (removing a new shoot), shearing into a cutting shoot with the length of 6-10cm, leaving 1 young leaf and at least reserving one leaf code (bud eye); the upper incision is cut flatly, and the distance between the incision and the apical bud needs to be more than 0.5cm to prevent the wound from healing to cause withering of the apical leaf bud; the lower incision is beveled, and the incision is required to be flat and positioned about 0.5cm below the joint; spraying 1000 times of 40% azoxystrobin solution to all the cuttings after pruning for disinfection, and then storing the collected cuttings in water at any time.
Pre-treating the cutting slips: bundling the cuttings into bundles, soaking the lower ends of the cuttings in clear water for 7 hours, changing water once every 2 hours, and soaking the cuttings to a depth of 6 cm. And then soaking in a rooting agent for 3h, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10s every 10min with the ultrasonic power of 100W. The rooting agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2 part of rooting powder ABT1, 0.5 part of aspirin, 0.8 part of sucrose, 28.5 parts of 95% ethanol and 970 parts of water.
Cuttage management: before cuttage, using 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution to carry out integral spraying disinfection on the seedling raising shed; the pretreated cutting is inserted into the cutting medium of a seedling shed, the cutting depth is 3-4cm at the lower end of the cutting, the row spacing is 8cm, and the plant spacing is 4 cm. After cutting, compacting the matrix around the cutting slips, and watering thoroughly; maintaining the temperature at 20-25 deg.C, and continuously introducing 1500ppm CO into the seedling shed every day2A gas.
The air humidity is kept between 80 and 90 percent and the substrate humidity is kept between 50 and 70 percent in the first 30 days after cuttage. Specifically, after the tilia amurensis cutting slips in the shed are cut, a time controller is arranged to spray at different periods:
starting the machine at 8 o 'clock in the morning of sunny day, stopping 6min for 30s between 8 and 9 o' clock, stopping 5min for 40s between 9 o 'clock and 11 o' clock, stopping 4min for 50s between 11 o 'clock and 15 o' clock, stopping 5min for 30s between 15 and 16 o 'clock, stopping 6min for 16 to 19 o' clock and stopping 30s, and then stopping the machine. The setting of the spraying time and the spraying stopping time can be flexibly adjusted according to the situation. Less or no spraying in rainy days; the seedling raising shed is not sprayed at night; spraying for 30-50s every 10-15min in cloudy days. Observing at any time that the rotten black cutting slips are pulled out in time.
After 30 days of cuttage, the water spraying times can be properly reduced and the illumination is increased according to the actual conditions of the substrate and the cutting after the root hairs of the cutting are sent out, so that the substrate is in a dry or wet state, the root system is induced to grow and is accompanied with seedling hardening, and finally the seedling can be taken out of a shed and hardened after the root system grows well.
After cuttage, a rooting agent, glucose (3%) and a nutrient solution (Ca (NO) are sprayed into the matrix once every three days3)21.5mmol/L，MgSO41.0mmol/L，KNO33.0mmol/L，KH2PO41.5mmol/L) and 1000 times of liquid of 40 percent azoxystrobin to inhibit bacteria and promote root growth.
Example 2
Preparing a cutting medium: mixing pure perlite and river sand at a ratio of 1: 1. Wherein the granularity of the perlite is 100-150 meshes; the river sand has a granularity of 40-70 meshes. Uniformly spreading the cuttage matrix in a seedling raising shed, wherein the thickness is not less than 10 cm. And uniformly spraying 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution into the cutting medium 2 days before cutting.
Ear picking: one week before cuttage, sterilizing the stock plant by using 1000 times of liquid of 40% azoxystrobin; selecting an annual branch which grows strongly, has uniform thickness and is free from diseases and insect damages on a 3-year-old tilia amurensis stock plant at the beginning of 7 months, taking a semi-lignified young shoot middle section (removing a new shoot), shearing into a cutting shoot with the length of 6-10cm, leaving 1 young leaf and at least reserving one leaf code (bud eye); the upper incision is cut flatly, and the distance between the incision and the apical bud needs to be more than 0.5cm to prevent the wound from healing to cause withering of the apical leaf bud; the lower incision is beveled, and the incision is required to be flat and positioned about 0.5cm below the joint; spraying 1000 times of 40% azoxystrobin solution to all the cuttings after pruning for disinfection, and then storing the collected cuttings in water at any time.
Pre-treating the cutting slips: bundling the cuttings into bundles, soaking the lower ends of the cuttings in clear water for 8 hours, changing water every 2 hours, and soaking the cuttings to a depth of 6 cm. And then soaking in a rooting agent for 3h, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10s every 10min with the ultrasonic power of 100W. The rooting agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2 part of rooting powder ABT1, 0.5 part of aspirin, 0.8 part of sucrose, 28.5 parts of 95% ethanol and 970 parts of water.
Cuttage management: before cuttage, using carbendazim to carry out integral spraying disinfection on the seedling raising shed; the pretreated cutting is inserted into the cutting medium of a seedling shed, the cutting depth is 3-4cm at the lower end of the cutting, the row spacing is 8cm, and the plant spacing is 4 cm. After cutting, compacting the matrix around the cutting slips, and watering thoroughly; maintaining the temperature at 20-25 deg.C, and continuously introducing 1500ppm CO into the seedling shed every day2A gas.
The air humidity is kept between 80 and 90 percent and the substrate humidity is kept between 50 and 70 percent in the first 30 days after cuttage. Specifically, after the tilia amurensis cutting slips in the shed are cut, a time controller is arranged to spray at different periods:
starting the machine at 8 o 'clock in the morning of sunny day, stopping 6min for 30s between 8 and 9 o' clock, stopping 5min for 40s between 9 o 'clock and 11 o' clock, stopping 4min for 50s between 11 o 'clock and 15 o' clock, stopping 5min for 30s between 15 and 16 o 'clock, stopping 6min for 16 to 19 o' clock and stopping 30s, and then stopping the machine. The setting of the spraying time and the spraying stopping time can be flexibly adjusted according to the situation. Less or no spraying in rainy days; the seedling raising shed is not sprayed at night; spraying for 30-50s every 10-15min in cloudy days. Observing at any time that the rotten black cutting slips are pulled out in time.
After 30 days of cuttage, the water spraying times can be properly reduced and the illumination is increased according to the actual conditions of the substrate and the cutting after the root hairs of the cutting are sent out, so that the substrate is in a dry or wet state, the root system is induced to grow and is accompanied with seedling hardening, and finally the seedling can be taken out of a shed and hardened after the root system grows well.
After cuttage, a rooting agent, glucose (3%) and a nutrient solution (Ca (NO) are sprayed into the matrix once every three days3)21.5mmol/L，MgSO41.0mmol/L，KNO33.0mmol/L，KH2PO41.5mmol/L) and 1000 times of liquid of 40 percent azoxystrobin to inhibit bacteria and promote root growth.
Example 3
Preparing a cutting medium: mixing pure perlite, river sand and vermiculite at a ratio of 1: 1. Wherein the granularity of the perlite is 100-150 meshes; the granularity of the river sand is 40-70 meshes; the particle size of the vermiculite is 100-150 meshes. Uniformly spreading the cuttage matrix in a seedling raising shed, wherein the thickness is not less than 10 cm. And uniformly spraying 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution into the cutting medium 2 days before cutting.
Ear picking: one week before cuttage, sterilizing the stock plant by using 1000 times of liquid of 40% azoxystrobin; selecting an annual branch which grows strongly, has uniform thickness and is free from diseases and insect damages on a 3-year-old tilia amurensis stock plant at the beginning of 7 months, taking a semi-lignified young shoot middle section (removing a new shoot), shearing into a cutting shoot with the length of 6-10cm, leaving 1 young leaf and at least reserving one leaf code (bud eye); the upper incision is cut flatly, and the distance between the incision and the apical bud needs to be more than 0.5cm to prevent the wound from healing to cause withering of the apical leaf bud; the lower incision is beveled, and the incision is required to be flat and positioned about 0.5cm below the joint; spraying 1000 times of 40% azoxystrobin solution to all the cuttings after pruning for disinfection, and then storing the collected cuttings in water at any time.
Pre-treating the cutting slips: bundling the cuttings into bundles, soaking the lower ends of the cuttings in clear water for 8 hours, changing water every 2 hours, and soaking the cuttings to a depth of 6 cm. And then soaking in a rooting agent for 3h, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10s every 10min with the ultrasonic power of 100W. The rooting agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2 part of rooting powder ABT1, 0.5 part of aspirin, 0.8 part of sucrose, 28.5 parts of 95% ethanol and 970 parts of water.
Cuttage management: before cuttage, using carbendazim to carry out integral spraying disinfection on the seedling raising shed; the pretreated cutting is inserted into the cutting medium of a seedling shed, the cutting depth is 3-4cm at the lower end of the cutting, the row spacing is 8cm, and the plant spacing is 4 cm. After cutting, compacting the matrix around the cutting slips, and watering thoroughly; maintaining the temperature at 20-25 deg.C, and continuously introducing 1500ppm CO into the seedling shed every day2A gas.
The air humidity is kept between 80 and 90 percent and the substrate humidity is kept between 50 and 70 percent in the first 30 days after cuttage. Specifically, after the tilia amurensis cutting slips in the shed are cut, a time controller is arranged to spray at different periods:
starting the machine at 8 o 'clock in the morning of sunny day, stopping 6min for 30s between 8 and 9 o' clock, stopping 5min for 40s between 9 o 'clock and 11 o' clock, stopping 4min for 50s between 11 o 'clock and 15 o' clock, stopping 5min for 30s between 15 and 16 o 'clock, stopping 6min for 16 to 19 o' clock and stopping 30s, and then stopping the machine. The setting of the spraying time and the spraying stopping time can be flexibly adjusted according to the situation. Less or no spraying in rainy days; the seedling raising shed is not sprayed at night; spraying for 30-50s every 10-15min in cloudy days. Observing at any time that the rotten black cutting slips are pulled out in time.
After 30 days of cuttage, the water spraying times can be properly reduced and the illumination is increased according to the actual conditions of the substrate and the cutting after the root hairs of the cutting are sent out, so that the substrate is in a dry or wet state, the root system is induced to grow and is accompanied with seedling hardening, and finally the seedling can be taken out of a shed and hardened after the root system grows well.
After cuttage, a rooting agent, glucose (3%) and a nutrient solution (Ca (NO) are sprayed into the matrix once every three days3)21.5mmol/L，MgSO41.0mmol/L，KNO33.0mmol/L，KH2PO41.5mmol/L) and 1000 times of liquid of 40 percent azoxystrobin to inhibit bacteria and promote root growth.
Comparative example 1
The scion stock plant is selected from 7-year-old tilia amurensis, and the rest steps are the same as example 1.
Comparative example 2
The scion stock plant is selected from 7-year-old tilia amurensis, and the rest steps are the same as example 2.
Comparative example 3
After cuttage, the air humidity is not kept between 80 and 90 percent, and the substrate humidity is not kept between 50 and 70 percent. And intermittently spraying for 30s at 8 am to 19 am in sunny days by stopping for 6 min. Less or no spraying in rainy days; the seedling raising shed is not sprayed at night; spraying for 30-50s every 10-15min in cloudy days. The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 2.
In the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, 200 cuttings are planted, 20 cuttings are randomly taken at intervals from 30 days after cuttage, the rooting condition of the cuttings is observed, and the rooting rate of each sampling is recorded and calculated; transplanting out of the shed after the root system grows well; and (5) counting the survival rate 30 days after transplanting. The results of the experiment are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
In example 1, the rooting rate of 53d reaches 100%, and the rest 140 plants grow well and are transplanted; as shown in figure 1, in example 1, the group has rooted after 30 days of cuttage, and the rooting rate reaches 85%; the average length of 53d thick and strong roots is 9.2cm, the average number of fibrous roots is 5.9, and the color of the root system is dark. The method of the embodiment 1 has the advantages of high rooting speed, more consistent growth vigor of the cutting seedlings and high transplanting survival rate, and is suitable for large-scale cultivation of tilia amurensis.
In examples 2 and 3 and comparative examples 1 and 2, 20 plants are respectively taken at 75d to calculate the rooting rate, and the rest 140 cutting seedlings are selected to take roots for transplanting.
Comparative example 1 group 75d produced robust root systems as shown in FIG. 2, with dark root color, average root length of 6.45cm, and average of 3.5 fibrous roots.
Comparative example 2 about 75d roots were grown as shown in FIG. 3, with an average root length of 3.8cm and an average number of fibrous roots of 3.5, and some of the roots were rotten.
Comparative example 3 group 75d produced roots which were shorter in root length and white and tender as shown in fig. 4.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A rapid rooting method for tilia amurensis cutting slips is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) ear picking: selecting the middle section of the current-year semi-lignified young shoot of the 2-3-year-old mother plant, and pruning the middle section into a cutting shoot;
(2) pre-treating the cutting slips: soaking the lower end of the cutting in clear water for 6-8h, and changing water once every 2-3 h; soaking in rooting agent for 2-4 hr while ultrasonic treating;
(3) cuttage management: the pretreated cutting shoot is inserted in a cutting medium of a seedling shed at the temperature of 20-25 ℃; continuously introducing 1000-2000ppm CO in the seedling raising shed every day2And (5) gas until transplanting.
2. The rapid rooting method for tilia amurensis cutting slips of claim 1, wherein the cutting slips in step (1) are trimmed to a length of 6-10cm, the upper incision is cut flat, the lower incision is cut obliquely, and 1 tender leaf is left.
3. The rapid rooting method for tilia amurensis cutting slips of claim 1,
the rooting agent in the step (2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.05-0.3 part of rooting powder ABT1, 0.2-1 part of aspirin, 0.5-1 part of sucrose, 20-30 parts of 95% ethanol and 970 parts of water 960-plus.
4. The rapid rooting method for tilia amurensis cutting slips of claim 1,
the immersion depth in the step (2) is 5-7cm below the cutting; the ultrasonic treatment is ultrasonic for 10-15s every 10min, and the ultrasonic power is 50-200W;
the cutting depth in the step (3) is 3-4cm below the cutting slips.
5. The rapid rooting method for tilia amurensis cutting slips of claim 1, wherein the cutting matrix comprises one or more of perlite, river sand and vermiculite.
6. The rapid rooting method for tilia amurensis cutting slips of claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the vinegar residue, the humus, the perlite, the river sand and the diatomite in the cutting matrix is (1-2) to (3-4) to (1-2).
7. The rapid rooting method for tilia amurensis cutting slips as claimed in claim 6, wherein the perlite particle size is 100-150 meshes; the granularity of the river sand is 40-70 meshes; the particle size of the diatomite is 100-150 meshes.
8. The rapid rooting method for tilia amurensis cutting slips of claim 5, wherein a soil bactericide is sprayed in the cutting matrix 2-3 days before cutting.
9. The rapid rooting method for tilia amurensis cutting slips of claim 1, wherein the cutting row spacing is 6-8cm, and the planting distance is 3-4 cm; after cutting, compacting the matrix around the cutting slips, and watering thoroughly; and after cuttage, a greenhouse intermittent spraying method is adopted.
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