CN108184528B - Method for heel-carrying cuttage of ginkgo biloba - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for heel-carrying cuttage of ginkgo, which comprises the following steps: (1) in the middle-upper ten days of 5 months, when the annual branches of the gingkoes grow to be more than 10cm, cutting off the gingkoes from the position 2cm below the joint of the new branches and the old branches, keeping the length of the new branches to be 10-12cm, and taking the lengths of the upper part and the lower part of the old branches to be 1cm as heel-carrying cuttings; cutting the scions with heels into 10-12cm long, cutting the scions 1.0cm above the buds into flat cuts, keeping leaves, and cutting the lower cuts into a single horse ear shape; (2) before cutting, the lower part of the cutting slip is placed into ABT rooting powder to be soaked for 2 hours, during cutting, a bamboo stick is used for cutting a hole in a cutting pool, then the cutting slip is inserted into the hole, the right side of a blade faces upwards, the cutting depth is 4-6 cm, the row spacing of plants is 10 multiplied by 30cm, then the matrix is lightly compacted, and water is immediately poured to permeate, so that the matrix and the cutting slip are tightly combined. The method can effectively solve the age effect of ginkgo cuttage propagation, improve the rooting rate of ginkgo cuttage, reduce the seedling raising cost, and is beneficial to accelerating the propagation speed of ginkgo seedlings and maintaining the excellent characteristics of the variety.

Description

Method for heel-carrying cuttage of ginkgo biloba

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tree growth, development and propagation, in particular to a method for heel-carrying cuttage of ginkgo biloba.

Background

Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo biloba L.) is a single plant in the Ginkgoaceae family, is the only wiggery plant preserved after the fourth glacier, is called as "activating stone" in the plant kingdom, and is one of the most precious tree species in the world. The ginkgo integrates the ornamental values of flowers, fruits, leaves, materials, gardens and the like, has higher economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit, and has high scientific research value in the aspects of ancient botany, plant taxonomy, plant comparative morphology, plant anatomy, embryology, fruit tree cultivation and the like. The ginkgo is a plant with high flavone and terpene lactone, and the ginkgo leaf extract has obvious curative effects on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, improving the immunity of the organism, reducing blood sugar, cholesterol and the like; the gingko nut has the important functions of medical care, senility delaying and the like.

The ginkgo breeding mode has various modes, wherein the cuttage seedling raising can promote early maturing and multiple maturing, can accelerate the rapid propagation of good ginkgo varieties, and meanwhile, the filial generation can also keep the good genetic characteristics on the mother plant. At present, the modes of ginkgo cutting seedling raising mainly comprise twig cutting and hardwood cutting, but because the rooting of ginkgo cutting slips is completed through callus differentiation, the rooting needs long time, the growth is slow, and the cutting survival rate is low; furthermore, the root number of cutting rooting of ginkgo biloba decreases with the increase of age, and the age effect becomes a difficult point for restricting the cutting propagation of ginkgo biloba.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide a ginkgo butcher cutting method, which can obviously improve the survival rate of cutting and cuttage and solve the problem of low survival rate of ginkgo cutting propagation in production practice.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect of the present invention, a method for heel-carrying cuttage of ginkgo biloba is provided, which comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing cutting slips: in the middle-upper ten days of 5 months, when the annual branches of the gingkoes grow to be more than 10cm, cutting off the gingkoes from the position 2cm below the joint of the new branches and the old branches, keeping the length of the new branches to be 10-12cm, and taking the lengths of the upper part and the lower part of the old branches to be 1cm as heel-carrying cuttings; cutting the scions with heels into 10-12cm long, cutting the scions 1.0cm above the buds into flat cuts, keeping leaves, and cutting the lower cuts into a single horse ear shape;

(2) cuttage: before cutting, the lower part of the cutting slip is placed into ABT rooting powder to be soaked for 2 hours, during cutting, a bamboo stick is used for cutting a hole in a cutting pool, then the cutting slip is inserted into the hole, the right side of a blade faces upwards, the cutting depth is 4-6 cm, the row spacing of plants is 10 multiplied by 30cm, then the matrix is lightly compacted, and water is immediately poured to permeate, so that the matrix and the cutting slip are tightly combined.

Preferably, in the step (1), the ginkgo is an ancient ginkgo tree with the age of more than 100 years.

Preferably, in the step (2), the concentration of the ABT rooting powder is 50 mg/L.

Preferably, in the step (2), the cuttage pool is arranged in a plastic greenhouse with an automatic intermittent spraying system facing the sun, the top of the greenhouse is covered with a sunshade net, after the bottom of the cuttage pool is flat, stones with the thickness of 10cm are laid, the width of a seedbed is 1.2m, the distance between seedbeds is 80cm, the depth of the seedbed is 50cm, and a spraying nozzle with the height of 80cm and the interval of 1.2m is arranged in the middle of the seedbed.

Preferably, in the step (2), the matrix is formed by mixing slag and sand according to a mass ratio of 1: 3.

Further, the method further comprises: and (5) managing after cuttage.

The management after cuttage comprises the following steps: controlling the temperature at 22-27 ℃, controlling the humidity at 85-95%, spraying 0.5% carbendazim solution once every 7 days after cuttage to disinfect the matrix, and spraying 1 per thousand of urea or 2 per thousand of monopotassium phosphate to fertilize the leaf surface every week after the cutting shoots take roots.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the method applies the heel-carrying cuttage technology to the cuttage of the ginkgo for the first time, can effectively solve the age effect of ginkgo cuttage propagation, improves the rooting rate of ginkgo cuttage, reduces the seedling raising cost, and is beneficial to accelerating the propagation speed of ginkgo seedlings and maintaining the excellent characteristics of the variety.

(2) The method for gingko cutting with the heels is not only suitable for cutting propagation of gingko seedlings with small seedling age, but also particularly suitable for cutting propagation of ancient gingko trees.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a lower cut of a cutting slip;

FIG. 2 is a front view of a lower cut of a cutting slip;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the formation of callus at the cut under the cutting shoot;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of rooting of cutting shoots.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

As introduced in the background art, ginkgo biloba belongs to callus rooting type and tree species difficult to root, and ginkgo biloba cutting propagation has an age effect, and the rooting capacity of cutting slips is reduced along with the age of a mother tree, so that the existing ginkgo biloba cutting propagation generally adopts the cuttings collected from the mother tree with the age of less than 7 years, and the ginkgo biloba cutting propagation with the age of more than 10 years of the mother tree is rarely reported. Based on the method, the heel-carrying cuttage technology is applied to cuttage seedling raising of the ginkgo, and a part of old branches carried at the lower part of the heel-carrying cuttage ears are utilized, so that the tissues are compact, the rooting is easy, and the cuttage survival rate of the ginkgo is improved.

In one embodiment of the invention, the method for heel-carrying cuttage of ginkgo biloba is as follows:

(1) preparing a cutting seedbed:

the cuttage pool is arranged in a plastic greenhouse with an automatic intermittent spraying system facing the sun, the top of the greenhouse is covered with a sunshade net, stones with the thickness of 10cm are paved after the bottom of the cuttage pool is flat, the width of a seedbed is 1.2m, the distance between seedbeds is 80cm, the depth is 50cm, and a spraying nozzle with the height of 80cm and the interval of 1.2m is arranged in the middle of the seedbed. Slag mixed sand (the ratio is 1:3, namely the slag and the sand are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:3) is used as a cuttage matrix.

(2) Preparation of cutting

In the middle-upper ten days of 5 months, when annual branches grow to about 10cm, the branches are cut from the 2cm position below the joint of a new branch and an old branch, the length of the new branch is kept to be 10-12cm, the lengths of the upper part and the lower part of the old branch are respectively 1cm, namely, the heeled cutting slips are obtained, the heeled cutting slips are cut into the length of 10-12cm, the position 1.0cm above a bud is cut into a flat cut, blades are kept, the lower cut is cut into a single horse ear shape, a sharp blade is used for transversely cutting, then the cutting is vertically and longitudinally cut downwards, the cut is kept smooth, and every 50 bundles are bundled and tied for standby.

(3) Cutting

Cutting after the cutting slips are prepared, spraying a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.1% into the cutting pool for disinfection, placing the lower portion of the cutting slips into 50mg/L ABT rooting powder for soaking for 2 hours before cutting, cutting holes in the cutting pool with bamboo sticks during cutting, inserting the cutting slips into the holes, enabling the front faces of blades to face upwards, enabling the cutting depth to be 4-6 cm, enabling the plant row spacing to be 10 multiplied by 30cm, slightly compacting the matrix, immediately watering thoroughly, and enabling the matrix to be tightly combined with the cutting slips.

(4) Post-cuttage management

Covering a sunshade net on the greenhouse after cuttage, controlling the temperature at 22-27 ℃ and the humidity at about 90%, spraying 0.5% carbendazim solution once every 7 days after cuttage to disinfect the matrix, and spraying 1 per thousand of urea or 2 per thousand of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to foliage fertilizer every week after the cutting shoots take root.

In the method, the preparation of the ginkgo cutting seedbed, particularly the selection of the cutting matrix has great influence on the rooting of the cutting slips, the composition of the cutting matrix is optimally selected, and the result shows that the mixture of the slag and the sand according to the mass ratio of 1:3 is selected as the cutting matrix, so that the water can be effectively kept, the infection of the cutting part by pathogenic bacteria is prevented, and the rooting of the cutting slips is promoted.

For the selection of cutting slips, because the ginkgo biloba is a callus rooting type, and the cutting propagation has an age effect, the specific expression is that the rooting efficiency is reduced, the rooting character is degraded, and the difficulty of the cutting propagation of the ancient ginkgo biloba trees is extremely high. The method applies the heel-carrying cutting slips to the cutting propagation of the ginkgo for the first time, and compared with the methods of twig cutting, hardwood cutting and the like, the heel-carrying cutting can obviously improve the rooting rate and the survival rate of the ancient ginkgo tree cutting.

For the management after ginkgo cuttage, the temperature and humidity control is mainly involved, and the rottenness of cutting rooting diseases can be caused by overhigh temperature and overhigh humidity; if the temperature and humidity are too low, the cuttings take root slowly and become dry and dead. The invention improves the survival rate of gingko cutting propagation by optimizing and selecting temperature and humidity conditions.

In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

The test materials used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are conventional in the art and are commercially available.

The examples and comparative examples of the present invention were conducted in the resource garden of gingko germplasm of Shandong agriculture university, Taian, Shandong province.

Example 1:

selecting the ginkgo seedling with vigorous growth, no plant diseases and insect pests and normal development as a test object for cutting propagation. The cuttage steps are as follows:

(1) preparing a cutting seedbed:

the cuttage pool is arranged in a plastic greenhouse with an automatic intermittent spraying system facing the sun, the top of the greenhouse is covered with a sunshade net, stones with the thickness of 10cm are paved after the bottom of the cuttage pool is flat, the width of the cuttage pool is 1.2m, the distance between every two adjacent cuttage pools is 80cm, the depth of each cuttage pool is 40cm, and a spraying nozzle with the height of 80cm and the interval of 1.2m is arranged in the middle of a seedbed. Slag mixed sand (ratio 1:3) is used as a cutting medium.

(2) Preparation of cutting

In the middle and upper ten days of 5 months, when annual branches grow to about 10cm, the branches are cut from the position 2cm below the joint of the new branch and the old branch, 10cm of the new branch is reserved, the upper part and the lower part of the old branch are respectively 1cm long, namely, the heeled cutting slips are obtained, the heeled cutting slips are cut into the length of 10cm, the position 1.0cm above the bud is cut into a flat cut, leaves are reserved, the lower cut is cut into a single horse ear shape, a blade which is sharp is firstly used for transversely cutting, then vertically downwards and longitudinally cutting is carried out, the cut is kept smooth, 50 bundles are bundled for standby application.

(3) Cutting

Cutting after preparing the cutting slips, spraying a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.1% into the cutting pool for disinfection, cutting, placing the lower part of the cutting slips into ABT rooting powder with the mass concentration of 50mg/L for soaking for 2 hours before cutting, inserting the cutting slips into a hole in the cutting pool with bamboo sticks during cutting, inserting the cutting slips into the hole with the right side of blades facing upwards, the cutting depth of 6cm and the plant row spacing of 10 multiplied by 30cm, slightly compacting the matrix, and immediately watering thoroughly to enable the matrix to be tightly combined with the cutting slips.

(4) Post-cuttage treatment and management

Covering a sunshade net on the greenhouse after cuttage, controlling the temperature at 22-27 ℃ and the humidity at about 90%, spraying 0.5% carbendazim solution once every 7 days after cuttage to disinfect the matrix, and spraying 2 per mill of monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces every week after the cuttings take roots.

Example 2:

selecting ancient ginkgo trees with the age of more than 100 years as test objects for cuttage propagation. The cutting procedure was as in example 1.

To better illustrate the effects of the present invention, the following comparative experiments were performed.

Comparative example 1:

selecting ancient ginkgo trees with the age of more than 100 years as test objects for cuttage propagation. The preparation, cuttage, treatment and management after cuttage of the cuttage seedbed are the same as the embodiment 1, and the differences are that: the preparation method of the cutting slips comprises the following steps:

cutting current-year shoots of ginkgo, wherein the length of the cutting slips is 15-20cm, 3-4 buds are arranged on each cutting slip, the cut on the cutting slip is 1cm above the buds, the cut is a flat cut and is circular, the lower cut is 0.5-1cm away from the nearest bud and is shaped like a horse ear, and leaves on the cutting slip are reserved.

Comparative example 2:

selecting ancient ginkgo trees with the age of more than 100 years as test objects for cuttage propagation. The preparation, cuttage, treatment and management after cuttage of the cuttage seedbed are the same as the embodiment 1, and the differences are that: the preparation method of the cutting slips comprises the following steps:

cutting a leaf-carrying part of a one-two-year mature branch of ginkgo after 5 ten days of the middle month, reserving a leaf and a leaf bud, cutting the branch towards two sides by taking the leaf and the leaf bud as centers, reserving 1-3cm of the branch, longitudinally cutting the branch bark on one side of the cut branch with the opposite direction of the leaf bud by using a cutter, peeling the branch bark and the leaf bud together by using hands, and removing xylem.

Comparative example 3:

selecting ancient ginkgo trees with the age of more than 100 years as test objects for cuttage propagation. The preparation, cuttage, treatment and management after cuttage of the cuttage seedbed are the same as the embodiment 1, and the differences are that: the preparation method of the cutting slips comprises the following steps:

and cutting the hard branches at 1cm of the upper part of the bud into flat cuts, cutting the lower part of the bud at 1cm of the lower part of the bud into smooth single horse ear shapes with the length of 15-20cm, and storing 50 cuttings in a bundle of sand after cutting.

Comparative example 4:

selecting ancient ginkgo trees with the age of more than 100 years as test objects for cuttage propagation. The substrate for cuttage was replaced by perlite, yellow mud humus and sand mixed in mass ratio of 2:1:2, the rest as in example 1.

The number of ginkgo seedlings in example 1 is the same as that in comparative examples 1 to 4, and the rooting rate and survival rate of each group of seedlings are counted. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: statistical results of rooting rate and survival rate of each group

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (1)

1. A method for cuttage with heel of ginkgo is characterized in that an ancient ginkgo tree which grows vigorously, does not have diseases and insect pests and is normally grown for more than 100 years is selected as a test object for cuttage propagation, and the cuttage steps are as follows:

(1) preparing a cutting seedbed:

the cuttage pool is arranged in a plastic greenhouse with an automatic intermittent spraying system facing the sun, the top of the greenhouse is covered with a sunshade net, stones with the thickness of 10cm are laid after the bottom of the cuttage pool is flat, the width of the cuttage pool is 1.2m, the distance between every two adjacent cuttage pools is 80cm, the depth of each cuttage pool is 40cm, and a spraying nozzle with the height of 80cm and the interval of 1.2m is arranged in the middle of a seedbed; slag and sand are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:3 mixing to obtain a cutting medium;

(2) preparation of cutting

In the middle and upper ten days of 5 months, when annual branches grow to 10cm, cutting off the branches from the lower part 2cm of the joint of the new branch and the old branch, keeping 10cm of the new branch, and respectively keeping 1cm of the upper part and the lower part of the old branch to obtain the heel-carrying cutting slips, cutting the heel-carrying cutting slips into 10cm long, cutting into flat cuts 1.0cm above buds, keeping leaves, cutting the lower cuts into a single horse ear shape, transversely cutting by using a sharp blade, vertically and longitudinally cutting downwards, keeping the cuts smooth, bundling 50 bundles for later use;

(3) cutting

Cutting after preparing the cutting slips, spraying a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.1% into the cutting pool, disinfecting, cutting, placing the lower part of the cutting slips into 50mg/L ABT rooting powder for soaking for 2 hours before cutting, inserting the cutting slips into a hole in the cutting pool with the front side of blades facing upwards, the cutting depth being 6cm and the plant row spacing being 10 multiplied by 30cm during cutting, slightly compacting the matrix, and immediately watering thoroughly to enable the matrix to be tightly combined with the cutting slips;

(4) post-cuttage treatment and management

Covering a sunshade net on the greenhouse after cuttage, controlling the temperature at 22-27 ℃ and the humidity at about 90%, spraying 0.5% carbendazim solution once every 7 days after cuttage to disinfect the matrix, and spraying 2 per mill of monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces every week after the cuttings take roots.

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