CN114458321A - Method for stably supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting - Google Patents
Method for stably supporting surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting Download PDFInfo
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- CN114458321A CN114458321A CN202210311558.6A CN202210311558A CN114458321A CN 114458321 A CN114458321 A CN 114458321A CN 202210311558 A CN202210311558 A CN 202210311558A CN 114458321 A CN114458321 A CN 114458321A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for stably supporting surrounding rocks during soft rock tunneling blasting, which relates to the technical field of mine blasting, and utilizes the advantages of flexibility and strength coexistence of a filling material (9), vibration waves and impact force generated by explosives are buffered and blocked by the filling material during blasting, so that the damage of blasting to the surrounding rocks is reduced, the stability of the surrounding rocks is enhanced, cracks generated by blasting to the surrounding rocks are also reduced, and after blasting, the filling material in a top protecting hole and a steel bar placed in the middle are supported by a vertical column and an arched top column to form a stable and effective artificial false roof, thereby really and effectively ensuring the safety coefficient of operation of operators under the artificial false roof, and each component in the filling material is a pollution-free, healthy and environment-friendly product, and can not generate other polluted gases after blasting and can be intensively discharged out of an operation face along with polluted wind, and the like, high blasting efficiency, good use effect and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine blasting, in particular to a method for stably supporting surrounding rocks during soft rock tunneling blasting.
Background
As is known, the surrounding rock during excavation refers to an underground excavation used for transportation, drainage and ventilation, and an exposed rock mass around the excavation during mining or prospecting.
In the tunneling process, the explosive is used for blasting in the rock body, so that when the explosive explodes in the rock body, explosive gas can be generated to instantaneously expand and act on rock walls around the explosive charge to form a strong impact load, the impact load acts on the rock walls, the rock walls exist as a medium, the stress state of the rock walls is transmitted from an explosion source to the surroundings in a fluctuation mode, the fluctuation of the stress is called stress wave, and the stress wave acts on the rock walls to enable the rock body to deform and damage to different degrees.
The structure of the rock refers to the size, shape and surface characteristics of the mineral grains forming the rock and the connection mode among the mineral grains, which indicates that the rock body or the rock is not completely without pores, and the rock body or the rock itself has a plurality of pores, cracks or joints, and the change or damage caused by the explosive blasting on the pores, cracks or joints is of great importance to the influence of the surrounding rock.
When an underground tunnel is excavated, the stability of surrounding rocks is one of the indexes for measuring the safety of a roadway, the surrounding rocks are formed by combining three types of rocks under the common condition, the three types of rocks are not formed in the same process, so the stress states of the surrounding rocks are different, but the surrounding rocks interact with each other in a period, the balance point reaches a balanced state and exists, and after excavation blasting, the original balance condition is destroyed due to local excavation of the underground, so that the stress is redistributed, and the rock mass deforms towards the tunnel direction. When the stress exceeds the strength of the rock mass, the rock mass fails. In a weak rock body or soil body, deformation phenomena such as roof collapse, floor heave, two-wall extrusion and the like can also occur.
In the whole blasting process, the stable support of surrounding rocks is one of the important links, and the support modes commonly used at present mainly comprise the following steps:
1. advanced anchor cable support: the method comprises the steps of drilling a leading anchor cable hole at the top at an upward inclination angle of 12 degrees according to design requirements before drilling a blast hole, and placing an anchor cable into the hole by using an anchor cable machine after drilling the anchor cable hole.
2. Isolation holes: the method comprises the steps of drilling isolation holes at the top before drilling the blast holes, wherein the drilling inclination angle is 12 degrees upwards, the isolation holes are arranged according to the interval of 10-15 CM, and after the drilling of the isolation holes is finished, the blast holes are drilled.
3. Leading steel pipes: the method comprises the steps of drilling an advance hole at the top before drilling a blast hole, wherein the drilling inclination angle is about 12 degrees upwards, after the advance hole is constructed, plugging the plugged advance steel pipe in the rear, and fixing the advance steel pipe exposed out of the hole opening on the rear arch-shaped support to perform roof protection.
How to provide a method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting becomes a long-term technical appeal for the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background technology, the invention provides a method for stably supporting surrounding rocks during soft rock tunneling blasting, and under the advantages of flexibility and strength coexistence of the filling material in the method, the vibration waves and impact force generated by explosives are buffered and blocked by the filling material during blasting, so that the damage of blasting to the surrounding rocks is reduced, the stability of the surrounding rocks is greatly enhanced, and cracks and the like generated by blasting to the surrounding rocks are also reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for stably supporting surrounding rocks during soft rock tunneling blasting specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, checking the straightness of a steel bar and whether external threads at two ends of the steel bar are defective, and checking whether threaded holes on a circular end gasket and an orifice circular card are damaged in a sliding manner;
secondly, after the detection is correct and the design requirements are met, drilling top protection holes at the upper end of the surrounding rock surface along the outline of the arch surface, wherein the distance between every two top protection holes is 10-15 CM, the bottom of the central axis of each top protection hole is inclined upwards to form an inclination angle, the central axis of each top protection hole and the horizontal included angle are 13-17 degrees, and the inclination angles of the top protection holes on the same surrounding rock surface are the inclination angles with the uniform inclination angles;
thirdly, after the top protection hole drilling is finished, drilling a blast hole on the surrounding rock surface according to the design requirement;
fourthly, filling the top protection hole, firstly taking out the steel bar, screwing the external thread of the lower end of the steel bar into the threaded hole on the circular end gasket until the steel bar is completely screwed, then gently kneading the packaging bag filled with the filling material to ensure that the expanding agent and the viscous agent which are independently packaged in the material bag A on the packaging bag are fused with the polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the material bag A, so that the catalyst which is independently packaged in the material bag B on the packaging bag is fused with the synthetic curing agent in the material bag B, then kneading the dividing strip on the packaging bag to ensure that the expanding agent, the viscous agent polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the material bag A are fused with the synthetic curing agent and the catalyst in the material bag B to generate chemical reaction, overlapping the packaging bag filled with the filling material into a thin strip shape, wherein the length of the packaging bag is 20-40 CM, then binding a plurality of packaging bags on the outer edge surface of the steel bar at intervals, and finishing the binding of the packaging bags, filling a steel bar into the top protecting hole until the circular end gasket completely contacts the hole bottom of the top protecting hole, sleeving a threaded hole on the orifice circular card on an external thread of the upper end of the steel bar, screwing the orifice circular card to enable the inner side surface of the orifice circular card to completely contact the orifice wall of the top protecting hole, after the filling material completely reacts, bursting the anti-seepage bag and the outer wrapping bag by the filling material until the filling material is completely bonded with the hole wall of the top protecting hole, and then finishing the filling of one top protecting hole;
fifthly, after all the top protection holes are filled, manufacturing the detonating cord, the explosive and the detonator into a detonating cartridge bag, slightly pushing the detonating cartridge bag into the blasting holes by using a long wooden stick, slightly kneading the packaging bag filled with the filling material to ensure that the expanding agent and the viscous agent which are independently packaged in the material bag A on the packaging bag are fused with the polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the material bag A to ensure that the catalyst which is independently packaged in the material bag B on the packaging bag is fused with the synthetic curing agent in the material bag B, then kneading the dividing strips on the packaging bag to ensure that the expanding agent, the viscous agent polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the material bag A are fused with the synthetic curing agent and the catalyst in the material bag B to generate chemical reaction, kneading the shape of the packaging bag into a cylindrical shape, then inserting the packaging bag into the orifice of the blasting holes by using the long wooden stick and abutting against the end of the detonating cartridge bag, and completely reacting the filling material, the filling material breaks the anti-seepage bag and the outer bag until the filling material is completely bonded with the hole wall of the blast hole, and if the filling material has expansion pressure, the filling material extends towards the hole bottom of the blast hole until the expansion action is completely done, and then the filling material stops;
sixthly, after all the blast holes are filled, the operator quits the operation area, arrives at the detonation area, and detonates after 20-40 minutes;
seventhly, after detonation is completed, performing forced mechanical ventilation on the operation area for 45-60 min, after ventilation is completed, enabling operators to carry a gas detector to reach the operation area, entering the operation area under the condition that air reaches the standard, firstly, cleaning and flattening the left side and the right side of the operation area to form a space for installing upright columns and installing upright columns on the two sides, then installing arch-shaped top columns at the upper ends of the two upright columns, and enabling the arch-shaped top columns to respectively connect and support the outer end heads of filling materials in each top protection hole, namely completing one-time blasting support;
and eighthly, repeating the steps to perform subsequent blasting support, then respectively connecting the upright columns and the arched top columns in the two adjacent blasting supports into a whole by using pull rods, then arranging a supporting iron pipe or a rail in a space at a horizontal included angle between the outer edge surface of the filling material in the top protecting hole in each blasting support and the horizontal included angle, and then cleaning slag stones generated by blasting.
And in the third step, when the blast hole is drilled on the surrounding rock surface, a cut hole is drilled in the middle of the surrounding rock surface.
According to the method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting, the depth of the top protecting hole is larger than that of the blasting hole.
According to the method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting, the depth of the blasting hole is 2.4-2.6 m.
The method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
50% -60% of polymer fiber resin;
2% -6% of antioxidant;
5 to 15 percent of catalyst;
6 to 9 percent of expanding agent;
5% -17% of a thickening agent;
10 to 15 percent of synthetic curing agent.
The method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting comprises the steps that the synthetic curing agent is a high-molecular synthetic curing agent, the high-molecular synthetic curing agent is a combination of hydrophilic white carbon black and fluoroplastic, the antioxidant is A0-60 antioxidant, and the thickening agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
The method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting comprises the steps that a packaging bag comprises an anti-seepage bag, a partition strip and an outer packaging bag, the anti-seepage bag is arranged on the inner side of the outer packaging bag, the partition strip is arranged on the middle lower portion of the outer packaging bag, so that an A material bag and a B material bag which are independent in space are formed by the upper end and the lower end of the outer packaging bag in a distributed mode, polymeric fiber resin, an antioxidant, an expanding agent and a thickening agent are respectively filled in the A material bag, the expanding agent and the thickening agent are independently packaged in the A material bag, a catalyst and a synthetic curing agent are respectively filled in the B material bag, and the catalyst is independently packaged in the B material bag.
The method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting comprises the steps that the packaging bag comprises an anti-seepage bag and an outer packaging bag, the anti-seepage bag is arranged inside the outer packaging bag, and the anti-seepage bag is internally and respectively provided with independently packaged polymer fiber resin, an antioxidant, an expanding agent, a thickening agent, a catalyst and a synthetic curing agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention utilizes the advantages of the coexistence of flexibility and strength of the filling material, during blasting, the vibration wave and the impact force generated by the explosive are buffered and blocked by the filling material, thereby reducing the damage of blasting to the surrounding rock, greatly enhancing the stability of the surrounding rock, reducing the cracks generated by the blasting to the surrounding rock, after blasting, the filling material formed by the top protection hole and the reinforcing steel bar arranged in the middle are supported by the upright post and the arched top post to form a stable and effective artificial top, so that the safety coefficient of the operation of the operators under the artificial top is effectively ensured, and all components in the filling material are pollution-free, healthy and environment-friendly products, the invention has the advantages of convenient operation, high blasting efficiency, good use effect and the like, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic layout of a pilot hole and a blast hole in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a top hole in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a blast hole in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a packaging bag according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an initial state of a filling material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the initial chemical reaction state of the filling material in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a further state of chemical reaction of the filler material in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the final state of the fill material after chemical reaction in an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an arched surface; 2. protecting a top hole; 3. cutting holes; 4. a blast hole; 5. surrounding rock surfaces; 6. an external thread; 7. an orifice circular card; 8. reinforcing steel bars; 9. a filler material; 10. a circular end pad; 11. a detonating cord; 12. an explosive; 13. a detonator; 14. a, material bag; 15. an impermeable bag; 16. cutting the strips; 17. wrapping the bag; 18. and B, material bag.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be explained in more detail by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention;
in the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central", "lateral", "length", "width", "height", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "side", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting is described with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-8, and specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, checking the straightness of a steel bar 8 and whether external threads 6 at two ends of the steel bar 8 are defective, and checking whether threaded holes on a circular end gasket 10 and an orifice circular card 7 are damaged in a sliding manner;
secondly, after the inspection is correct and the design requirements are met, drilling top protection holes 2 at the upper ends of the surrounding rock surfaces 5 along the outline of the arch surface 1, wherein the distance between every two top protection holes 2 is 10-15 CM, the bottoms of the central axes of the top protection holes 2 are inclined upwards to form inclination angles, the central axes of the top protection holes 2 and the horizontal included angle is 13-17 degrees, and the inclination angles of the top protection holes 2 on the same surrounding rock surface 5 are the inclination angles with the uniform inclination angles;
thirdly, after the top protection hole 2 is drilled, drilling a blast hole 4 on a surrounding rock face 5 according to design requirements; when drilling a blast hole 4 on a surrounding rock face 5, drilling a cut hole 3 in the middle of the surrounding rock face 5;
fourthly, filling the top protection hole 2, firstly taking out the steel bar 8, screwing the external thread 6 at the lower end of the steel bar 8 into the threaded hole on the circular end gasket 10 until the steel bar is completely screwed, then lightly kneading the packaging bag filled with the filling material 9 to ensure that the expanding agent and the thickening agent which are independently packaged in the material bag A14 on the packaging bag are fused with the polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the material bag A14 to ensure that the catalyst which are independently packaged in the material bag B18 on the packaging bag is fused with the synthetic curing agent in the material bag B18, then opening the dividing strip 16 on the packaging bag to ensure that the expanding agent, the thickening agent polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the material bag A14 are fused with the synthetic curing agent and the catalyst in the material bag B18 to generate chemical reaction, overlapping the packaging bag filled with the filling material 9 into a thin strip shape, wherein the length of the packaging bag is 20-40 CM, and then binding a plurality of packaging bags on the outer edge surface of the steel bar 8 at intervals, after the packaging bag is bound, a reinforcing steel bar 8 is inserted into the top protecting hole 2 until a gasket 10 at the circular end part completely contacts the hole bottom of the top protecting hole 2, a threaded hole in the orifice circular card 7 is sleeved on an external thread 6 at the upper end of the reinforcing steel bar 8, the orifice circular card 7 is screwed to enable the inner side surface of the orifice circular card 7 to completely contact the orifice wall of the top protecting hole 2, after the filling material 9 completely reacts, the filling material 9 breaks the anti-seepage bag 15 and the outer wrapping bag 17 until the filling material is completely bonded with the hole wall of the top protecting hole 2, and then the filling of one top protecting hole 2 is finished;
fifthly, after all the top protection holes 2 are filled, manufacturing the detonating cord 11, the explosive 12 and the detonator 13 into a detonating cartridge bag, then slightly pushing the detonating cartridge bag into the blasting holes 4 by using a long wooden stick, slightly kneading the packaging bag filled with the filling material 9 after the detonating cartridge bag is filled, fusing the expanding agent and the viscous agent which are independently packaged in the material bag A14 on the packaging bag with the polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the material bag A14, fusing the catalyst which is independently packaged in the material bag B18 on the packaging bag with the synthetic curing agent in the material bag B18, then kneading the dividing strips 16 on the packaging bag to fuse the expanding agent, the viscous agent polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the material bag A14 with the synthetic curing agent and the catalyst in the material bag B18 to generate a chemical reaction, kneading the appearance of the packaging bag into a cylindrical shape, then inserting the long wooden stick into the orifice of the blasting holes 4 for the packaging bag and detonating the end head which is collided, after the filling material 9 completely reacts, the filling material 9 breaks the anti-seepage bag 15 and the outer bag 17 until the filling material is completely bonded with the hole wall of the blast hole 4, and if the filling material 9 has expansion pressure, the filling material 9 extends towards the hole bottom of the blast hole 4 until the expansion action is completely done and then stops;
sixthly, after all the blast holes 4 are filled, the operator quits the operation area, arrives at the detonation area, and detonates after 20-40 minutes;
seventhly, after detonation is completed, performing forced mechanical ventilation on the operation area for 45-60 min, after ventilation is completed, enabling operators to carry a gas detector to reach the operation area, entering the operation area under the condition that air reaches the standard, firstly, cleaning and flattening the left side and the right side of the operation area to form a space for installing upright columns and installing upright columns on two sides, then installing arch-shaped top columns at the upper ends of the two upright columns, and enabling the arch-shaped top columns to be respectively connected with and support the outer end heads of filling materials 9 in each top protection hole 2, namely completing one-time blasting support;
and eighthly, repeating the steps to perform subsequent blasting support, then respectively connecting the upright columns and the arched top columns in the two adjacent blasting supports into a whole by using pull rods, then arranging a supporting iron pipe or a rail in a space at a horizontal included angle of the outer edge surface of the filling material 9 in the top protecting hole 2 in each blasting support, and then cleaning the slag stone generated by blasting.
In specific implementation, the depth of the blast holes 4 is 2.4 m-2.6 m. The depth of the top protecting hole 2 is larger than that of the blast hole 4.
Further, the filling material 9 comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
50% -60% of polymer fiber resin; 2% -6% of antioxidant;
5 to 15 percent of catalyst; 6 to 9 percent of expanding agent;
5% -17% of a thickening agent; 10 to 15 percent of synthetic curing agent.
The synthetic curing agent is a high-molecular synthetic curing agent, the high-molecular synthetic curing agent is a combination of hydrophilic white carbon black and fluoroplastic, the antioxidant is A0-60 antioxidant, and the thickening agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Further, the packaging bag comprises an anti-seepage bag 15, a dividing strip 16 and an outer packaging bag 17, the anti-seepage bag 15 is arranged on the inner side of the outer packaging bag 17, the dividing strip 16 is arranged on the middle lower portion of the outer packaging bag 17, so that the upper end and the lower end of the outer packaging bag 17 are distributed to form an A material bag 14 and a B material bag 18 with independent spaces, the A material bag 14 is filled with polymer fiber resin, an antioxidant, an expanding agent and a thickening agent respectively, the expanding agent and the thickening agent are packaged in the A material bag 14 independently, the B material bag 18 is filled with a catalyst and a synthetic curing agent respectively, and the catalyst is packaged in the B material bag 18 independently.
Further, the alternative structure of the packaging bag is that the packaging bag comprises an anti-seepage bag 15 and an outer packaging bag 17, the anti-seepage bag 15 is arranged inside the outer packaging bag 17, and the anti-seepage bag 15 is internally and respectively provided with independently packaged polymer fiber resin, antioxidant, expanding agent, thickening agent, catalyst and synthetic curing agent.
In the specific implementation of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the top protection holes 2 are H1-H31 in fig. 1, the blast holes 4 are numbers 10-71 in fig. 1, and the cut holes 3 are numbers 1-9 in fig. 1.
The size of the support strength in the roadway tunneling is the key for effectively controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock, and the relation between the stable flow speed of the surrounding rock and the support strength is in a negative exponential function form. The support strength greatly influences the control effect of roadway deformation. The invention adopts the same supporting structure form to detect the supporting strength of the peripheries of different roadways.
Detection points are arranged on the periphery of the arch top, the support strength is measured and taken, and specific numerical values are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 supporting strength of each roadway measuring point
The optimal roadway support strength is not the higher the support strength is, the better the support strength is, and the optimal roadway support strength is mainly determined by the safe use and the service life of the roadway. The supporting strength has a reasonable range, and in the range, the deformation of the roadway can be effectively controlled by increasing the supporting strength, and the supporting strength is increased and exceeds the range. The deformation of the roadway is not significantly reduced.
Research shows that the support strength is in the range of 0.3-0.5 MPa, which is the reasonable strength range of the surrounding rock support. The above assay was in line with the results of this study.
According to the theory of the loose circle of the surrounding rock, the surrounding rock is divided into two stages according to a rock volume strain curve in the full stress-strain process: in the weakening section, the volume expansion speed is high, and higher cost and cost are needed to be paid for limiting the generation and development of the weakening section by means of supporting resistance. This stage breaks the edge of the surrounding rock in a relatively stable state and therefore it is not necessary to control the deformation of the surrounding rock in the weakened section at a high cost, it should be released from the deformation. In the residual strength section, the broken rock will generate larger sliding deformation under the action of residual stress, the crack expansion speed is increased, the volume expansion growth is gentle, the deformation speed of the surrounding rock in the roadway cannot be zero, and the method is not only technically difficult to realize, but also economically difficult to bear. The low-speed rheology of the surrounding rock is effectively controlled, so that the safety of support can be guaranteed economically and effectively, the roadway is safe and reliable in the using process, and as can be seen from the table 2, the roadway of four different sections is within 15-30 days of the early stage, the surrounding rock is in a residual stress release stage, the filling material can support the sliding deformation of the roadway, and the deformation amount of the roadway is gradually reduced and tends to be stable at 30-90 days, so that the support mode fully plays the unloading role of the support mode on the loose surrounding rock, prevents the development and formation of a loose circle, and well controls the rheological deformation speed of the surrounding rock around the roadway.
TABLE 2 rheological velocities of the surrounding rock of the individual roadways
Determination of blasting Effect
The explosive reaction of the explosive is a high-temperature, high-pressure and high-speed transient process, the rock mass retention and blasting conditions are complex and changeable, the rock mass crushing process is extremely difficult to directly observe and research, the blasting conditions influencing the blasting effect are more, the effects of the blasting conditions are different, but the blasting parameters, the free surface conditions, the blocking quality and the delay time are mainly related to the whole. Therefore, the blasting footage effect is mainly measured to check the blasting effect. The specific blasting effects are shown in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 determination of blasting Effect under hard rock
TABLE 4 determination of blasting Effect in Soft rock
By comparing the footage of the 1238 middle east main transport rock drilling tunnel, the 1200 middle east main transport rock drilling tunnel, the 271 middle main transport rock drilling tunnel and the 271-layer main transport rock drilling tunnel, it can be found that the blasting effect on hard rock is 100% -106%, and the blasting effect on soft rock is 104% -106%, which are all beyond the expected blasting effect.
Related experimental research provides an intuitive method for roadway support, and therefore, the fact that the surrounding rock strength of the roadway support is 0.3-0.6MPa through the filling material, and the rheological speed of the roadway is basically 0.1-0.4mm/d can be found. The blasting effect is enhanced by 4-6% compared with the expected result. The data fully show the feasibility of the filling material support, and meanwhile, the filling material has constant-negative retractility, so that before the deformation pressure of the surrounding rock reaches the bearing limit of the support body, the support structure can be ensured to uniformly contract under the working resistance, the deformation of the surrounding rock is released to some extent, the external load of the support is slowed down, the completeness of the support body is ensured, and meanwhile, the filling support effectively seals the surface of the surrounding rock, and the rock mass can be prevented from softening and disintegrating due to water absorption. The components in the filling material are pollution-free, healthy and environment-friendly products, other pollution gases cannot be generated after the filling material is blasted, and the filling material can be intensively discharged out of a working face along with polluted air.
The present invention is not described in detail in the prior art.
The embodiments selected for the purpose of disclosing the invention, are presently considered to be suitable, it being understood, however, that the invention is intended to cover all variations and modifications of the embodiments which fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for stably supporting surrounding rocks during soft rock tunneling blasting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, checking the straightness of a steel bar (8) and whether external threads (6) at two ends of the steel bar (8) are defective, and checking whether threaded holes on a circular end gasket (10) and an orifice circular card (7) are damaged in a sliding manner;
secondly, after the detection is correct and the design requirements are met, drilling top protection holes (2) at the upper ends of the surrounding rock surfaces (5) along the outline of the arch surface (1), wherein the distance between every two top protection holes (2) is 10-15 CM, the bottom of the central axis of each top protection hole (2) is inclined upwards to form an inclination angle, the central axis of each top protection hole (2) and the horizontal included angle is 13-17 degrees, and the inclination angles of the top protection holes (2) on the same surrounding rock surface (5) are the inclination angles with the uniform inclination angle;
thirdly, after the top protection hole (2) is drilled, drilling a blast hole (4) on the surrounding rock face (5) according to design requirements;
fourthly, filling the top protecting hole (2), firstly taking out the steel bar (8), screwing the external thread (6) at the lower end of the steel bar (8) into the threaded hole on the circular end gasket (10) until the steel bar is completely screwed, then slightly kneading the packaging bag filled with the filling material (9), fusing the expanding agent and the viscous agent which are independently packaged in the material bag A (14) on the packaging bag with the polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the material bag A (14), fusing the catalyst which is independently packaged in the material bag B (18) on the packaging bag with the synthetic curing agent in the material bag B (18), then opening the dividing strip (16) on the packaging bag to fuse the expanding agent, the viscous agent polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the material bag A (14) with the synthetic curing agent and the catalyst in the material bag B (18) and generate chemical reaction, and externally folding the packaging bag filled with the filling material (9) into a thin strip shape, the length of the packaging bag is 20-40 CM, then a plurality of packaging bags are bound to the outer edge surface of a steel bar (8) at intervals, after the packaging bags are bound, the steel bar (8) is inserted into the top protecting hole (2) until a circular end gasket (10) completely contacts the hole bottom of the top protecting hole (2), a threaded hole in the orifice circular card (7) is sleeved on an external thread (6) at the upper end of the steel bar (8), the orifice circular card (7) is screwed to enable the inner side surface of the orifice circular card (7) to completely contact the orifice wall of the top protecting hole (2), after the filling material (9) completely reacts, the filling material (9) breaks the anti-seepage bag (15) and the outer packaging bag (17) until the filling material is completely bonded with the hole wall of the top protecting hole (2), and then the filling of one top protecting hole (2) is completed;
fifthly, after all the top protection holes (2) are filled, manufacturing a detonating cord (11), an explosive (12) and a detonator (13) into a detonating cartridge bag, then slightly pushing the detonating cartridge bag into the blasting holes (4) by using a long wooden stick, slightly kneading a packaging bag filled with a filling material (9) after the detonating cartridge bag is filled, fusing an expanding agent and a thickening agent which are independently packaged in a material bag A (14) on the packaging bag with a polymeric fiber resin and an antioxidant in the material bag A (14), fusing a catalyst which is independently packaged in a material bag B (18) on the packaging bag with a synthetic curing agent in the material bag B (18), then kneading a dividing strip (16) on the packaging bag to fuse the expanding agent, the thickening agent polymeric fiber resin and the antioxidant in the material bag A (14) with the synthetic curing agent and the catalyst in the material bag B (18) to generate a chemical reaction, kneading the shape of the packaging bag into a cylinder, then, the packaging bag is plugged into the orifice of the blast hole (4) by a wooden long stick and is abutted against the end head of the blasting cartridge, after the filling material (9) completely reacts, the filling material (9) breaks the anti-seepage bag (15) and the outer packaging bag (17) until the filling material and the wall of the blast hole (4) are completely bonded together, and if the filling material (9) has expansion pressure, the filling material (9) can extend towards the bottom of the blast hole (4) until the expansion action is completely done, and then the packaging bag stops;
sixthly, after all the blast holes (4) are filled, the operating personnel quit the operating area, arrive at the detonation area, and detonate after waiting for 20-40 minutes;
seventhly, after detonation is completed, performing forced mechanical ventilation on the operation area for 45-60 min, after ventilation is completed, enabling operators to carry a gas detector to reach the operation area, entering the operation area under the condition that air reaches the standard, firstly, cleaning and flattening the left side and the right side of the operation area to form a space for installing upright columns and installing upright columns on two sides, then installing arch-shaped top columns at the upper ends of the two upright columns, and enabling the arch-shaped top columns to be respectively connected with and support the outer end of a filling material (9) in each top protection hole (2), namely completing one-time blasting support;
and eighthly, repeating the steps to perform subsequent blasting support, then respectively connecting the upright columns and the arched top columns in the two adjacent blasting supports into a whole by using pull rods, then arranging a supporting iron pipe or a rail in a space at the horizontal included angle between the outer edge surface of the filling material (9) in the top protecting hole (2) in each blasting support and the horizontal included angle of the outer edge surface, and then cleaning slag generated by blasting.
2. The method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting according to claim 1, wherein: and in the third step, when the blast hole (4) is drilled on the surrounding rock face (5), the cut hole (3) is drilled in the middle of the surrounding rock face (5).
3. The method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting according to claim 1, wherein: the depth of the top protecting hole (2) is greater than that of the blast hole (4).
4. The method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting according to claim 1, wherein: the depth of the blast hole (4) is 2.4-2.6 m.
5. The method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting according to claim 1, wherein: the filling material (9) comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
50% -60% of polymer fiber resin;
2% -6% of antioxidant;
5 to 15 percent of catalyst;
6 to 9 percent of expanding agent;
5% -17% of a thickening agent;
10 to 15 percent of synthetic curing agent.
6. The method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting according to claim 5, wherein: the synthetic curing agent is a high-molecular synthetic curing agent, the high-molecular synthetic curing agent is a combination of hydrophilic white carbon black and fluoroplastic, the antioxidant is A0-60 antioxidant, and the thickening agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
7. The method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the packaging bag comprises an anti-seepage bag (15), a partition strip (16) and an outer bag (17), wherein the inner side of the outer bag (17) is provided with the anti-seepage bag (15), the middle lower part of the outer bag (17) is provided with the partition strip (16) to enable the upper end and the lower end of the outer bag (17) to be distributed to form an A material bag (14) and a B material bag (18) with independent spaces, the A material bag (14) is internally provided with a polymeric fiber resin, an antioxidant, an expanding agent and a thickening agent respectively, the expanding agent and the thickening agent are independently packaged in the A material bag (14), the B material bag (18) is internally provided with a catalyst and a synthetic curing agent respectively, and the catalyst is independently packaged in the B material bag (18).
8. The method for stably supporting the surrounding rock during soft rock tunneling blasting according to claim 1, wherein: the replaceable structure of the packaging bag is that the packaging bag comprises an anti-seepage bag (15) and an outer packaging bag (17), the anti-seepage bag (15) is arranged inside the outer packaging bag (17), and the anti-seepage bag (15) is internally and respectively provided with independently packaged polymer fiber resin, antioxidant, expanding agent, viscous agent, catalyst and synthetic curing agent.
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| GB2611425A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-04-05 | China Railway 18 Bureau Group Co Ltd | Three-step cut blasting structure and method for ultra-hard rock tunnel |
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