CN111296166A - Method for interplanting smoked plums and sealwort - Google Patents

Method for interplanting smoked plums and sealwort Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111296166A
CN111296166A CN202010295842.XA CN202010295842A CN111296166A CN 111296166 A CN111296166 A CN 111296166A CN 202010295842 A CN202010295842 A CN 202010295842A CN 111296166 A CN111296166 A CN 111296166A
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preset time
dark plum
planting
time month
fertilizer
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刘露
吴海波
黄雷雷
项能鹏
吕强
成涛
何婧芝
冯永强
张晓黎
唐忠毅
孙会永
张长强
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Sichuan Songkang Traditional Chinese Medicine Co Ltd
Wanyuan Runyu Traditional Chinese Medicine Co Ltd
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Sichuan Songkang Traditional Chinese Medicine Co Ltd
Wanyuan Runyu Traditional Chinese Medicine Co Ltd
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Publication of CN111296166A publication Critical patent/CN111296166A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for interplanting polygonatum sibiricum in dark plum, which mainly comprises the following steps: soil preparation; planting dark plum trees; planting rhizoma polygonati; intertillage and weeding; quantitative fertilization; pruning and picking flowers; pest control and harvesting. The invention uses the characteristic of short and small dark plum seedlings in the previous period to relay on the sealwort, and simultaneously, satisfies the shady and shady humid environment of the sealwort. Adopt before the dark plum shaping to dig sealwort, realize the maximize utilization in soil under the prerequisite that does not influence dark plum growth, make one mu in soil become many mu, improve the income of land unit area, still can gather two kinds of economic medicinal materials simultaneously. And the management of the two medicinal materials can be completed in the same management process, so that the management cost is not increased.

Description

Method for interplanting smoked plums and sealwort
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mountain planting, in particular to a method for interplanting smoked plums and rhizoma polygonati.
Background
The dark plum is a dry and nearly mature fruit of plum Prunus mume (Sieb.) of rosaceae, has the effects of astringing lung and intestines, promoting fluid production and calming roundworms, and is commonly used for treating lung deficiency chronic cough, chronic diarrhea and chronic dysentery, deficiency heat and thirst quenching, colic vomiting and abdominal pain, hemafecia, hematuria and metrorrhagia. The dark plum contains rich bioactive substances, mainly contains organic acids, terpenes, sterols, amino acids, sugar and derivatives thereof, volatile oil and the like, and is brought into the national homology of medicine and food at present. In recent years, preserved fruits, beverages, traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces and the like prepared from dark plums serving as raw materials are sold in markets at home and abroad, and have great market potential.
Rhizoma Polygonati is dried rhizome of Polygonatum kingianum Coll et Hemsl, Polygonatum sibiricum Red or Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua of Liliaceae. According to different shapes, it is called "rheum officinale essence", "polygonatum kingianum" and "polygonatum zingiberense". All the past herbal remedies list rhizoma polygonati as the essential medicine for taking food, which is regarded as the essence of grass-glossy ganoderma, and the famous medical records list rhizoma polygonati at the head of the ministry of herbage. Has the efficacies of tonifying qi and yin, strengthening spleen, moistening lung and tonifying kidney, is a traditional rare and common nourishing traditional Chinese medicine in China, and is brought into the national homology of medicine and food at present. In recent years, the development and application of polygonatum kingianum in the aspects of nutrition and health care, food, prevention of diseases of middle-aged and elderly people and the like are continuously increased, and the market demand is increasing.
In the traditional plant cultivation method, the growth period of the dark plums is long, the dark plum trees can be fruited after being planted for a plurality of years, only investment is needed in the early stage, and no benefit can be generated before fruiting. The planting distance of the dark plum trees is large, a large amount of land cannot be utilized, and resources are wasted. Rhizoma Polygonati is shady and can gain income after growing for three years. Therefore, the polygonatum sibiricum can be interplanted while the dark plum is planted, a shady and humid growth environment is provided for the polygonatum sibiricum, the land utilization rate can be improved, the income of a land unit area is increased, and the planting enthusiasm of farmers is promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, provides a method for interplanting polygonatum in dark plum, and aims to use the characteristic that seedlings of dark plum are short in the early stage to relay the polygonatum, meet the requirement of the environment that the polygonatum is fond of shading and moistening, and realize the maximum utilization of land on the premise of not influencing the growth of dark plum by digging before the dark plum is formed.
The invention provides a method for interplanting smoked plums and rhizoma polygonati, which comprises the following steps:
A. planting and soil preparation: deeply ploughing the loam by using rotary tillage equipment, fertilizing the deeply ploughed loam according to the fertilizer weight required by a preset unit area, and ridging the loam;
B. planting the dark plum trees: digging dark plum planting holes for planting dark plums on soil prepared by land preparation according to a first preset size and a first preset distance, and planting dark plum seedlings;
C. planting rhizoma polygonati: digging a polygonatum planting hole for planting polygonatum sibiricum on the loam for planting the plum trees according to a second preset size and a second preset distance, and planting polygonatum sibiricum seedlings;
D. planting management: weeding sealwort and dark plum planted on loam in a first preset time month, a second preset time month, a third preset time month, a fourth preset time month and a fifth preset time month every year;
E. fertilizer spreading: respectively topdressing in a second preset time month and a fifth preset time month of each year of plum planting, and respectively topdressing in a first preset time month, a second preset time month, a fourth preset time month and a fifth preset time month of each year of polygonatum planting.
Further, the method for interplanting the dark plum and the polygonatum sibiricum is characterized in that the weight of the fertilizer required by a preset unit area is 2000kg of farmyard manure per mu.
Further, the method for interplanting the smoked plums and the polygonatum sibiricum comprises the step of planting and land preparation, wherein the width of the furrows for making the furrows is 1.5m, and the interval between every two adjacent furrows is 50 cm.
Further, the method for interplanting the polygonatum sibiricum in the dark plum plants is characterized in that rotary tillage depth of the rotary tillage equipment is 30 cm.
Further, the method for interplanting the dark plum and the polygonatum sibiricum comprises the step of planting and soil preparation and also comprises the step of arranging drainage ditches with the depth of 30cm around loam.
Further, a method for interplanting polygonatum sibiricum in dark plum plants is characterized in that the first preset size is 65cm of hole depth and 55cm of hole diameter; the second preset size is 10-15cm of the hole depth.
Further, a method for interplanting polygonatum sibiricum in dark plum plants is characterized in that the first preset spacing is 3.2m multiplied by 1.8 m; the second preset spacing is 20cm multiplied by 15 cm.
Further, the method for interplanting the polygonatum sibiricum in the dark plum includes the steps of operating the planted polygonatum sibiricum in 11 months and carrying out film covering treatment.
Further, a method for interplanting polygonatum sibiricum in dark plum is characterized in that dark plum seedlings are seedlings 50cm-100cm high before germination in early spring.
Further, a method for interplanting polygonatum sibiricum in dark plum is characterized in that the first preset time is 3 months; the second preset time month is 6 months; the third preset time month is 7 months; the fourth preset time month is 9 months; the fifth preset time month is month 11.
Further, the method for interplanting the smoked plums and the polygonatum sibiricum is characterized in that fertilizer application of the smoked plums comprises application of decomposed agricultural fertilizer and ammonium sulfate in the second preset time month of each year and application of overwintering fertilizer in the fifth preset time month of each year.
Further, the method for interplanting the smoked plums and the polygonatum sibiricum is characterized in that fertilizer is applied to the polygonatum sibiricum in a first preset time month, a second preset time month and a fourth preset time month of each year according to 1500kg-2000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, and mixed fertilizer consisting of 1000kg-1500kg of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer, 50kg of calcium phosphate and 50kg of cake fertilizer is applied to each mu of the fifth preset time month of each year.
Further, the method for interplanting the dark plum and the polygonatum sibiricum is characterized in that weeding operation is carried out while fertilizer is applied.
Further, the method for interplanting the dark plum and the polygonatum sibiricum further comprises the following steps of pruning and picking flowers: cutting off long branches in winter, keeping short fruit branches, and performing bud picking and pinching in summer; when the sealwort is used for weeding, buds are reduced.
Further, a method for interplanting polygonatum sibiricum in dark plum plants, which further comprises a polygonatum sibiricum harvesting step G: digging in the middle and late 10 months after the sealwort is planted for three years.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention uses the characteristic of short and small dark plum seedlings in the previous period to relay on the sealwort, and simultaneously, satisfies the shady and shady humid environment of the sealwort. Adopt before the dark plum shaping to dig sealwort, realize the maximize utilization in soil under the prerequisite that does not influence dark plum growth, make one mu in soil become many mu, improve the income of land unit area, still can gather two kinds of economic medicinal materials simultaneously. And the management of the two medicinal materials can be completed in the same management process, so that the management cost is not increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the steps of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method uses the characteristic that the seedlings of the dark plum trees are short and small in the early period to relay the polygonatum, simultaneously meets the shady humid environment of the polygonatum, adopts and digs the dark plum trees before forming, realizes the maximum utilization of land on the premise of not influencing the growth of the dark plum trees, changes one mu of land into more than one mu of land, improves the income of the unit area of the land, and can harvest two economic medicinal materials at the same time.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a method for interplanting smoked plum and polygonatum cyrtonema includes: comprises the following steps
Step one, soil preparation: selecting loose loam with good water retention capacity, deeply ploughing with a rotary cultivator for 2-3 times, rotary tilling at a depth of more than 30cm, applying 2000kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure per mu, ploughing into soil to serve as a base fertilizer, harrowing, leveling and finely ridging, making a furrow with a width of 1.5m, arranging drainage ditches at the periphery, and making a furrow with a depth of 30cm, wherein the distance between the furrows is 50 cm.
Step two, planting the plum trees: selecting dark plum tree seedlings with the height of 50-100 cm for planting after leaf falling in winter and before germination in the next early spring. And digging holes on the prepared planting land according to the plant rows of 3.2m multiplied by 1.8m, wherein the hole depth is 65cm, and the hole diameter is 55 cm. Firstly, digging loose subsoil, then applying farmyard manure 15 kg/hole as base fertilizer, uniformly stirring the base fertilizer and the soil, planting 1 seedling in each hole, sealing the soil, filling the soil, and then pouring a proper amount of water.
Step three, planting rhizoma polygonati: the rootstock with strong sprouts, no diseases and no rot is selected as seed stems, the planting is generally finished before the bottom of 12 months, and the rootstock is dug along with the seed. Digging holes with depth of 10-15cm in the land for planting mume fructus tree at plant spacing of 20cm × 15cm, planting one strain of rhizoma Polygonati seedling in each hole, covering soil, compacting, transplanting, watering with sufficient root water, covering soil at the same height as the furrow, and watering once after one week. Enough base fertilizer is applied before planting, so that a foundation can be laid for high yield, and the cost can be saved for nursing management in the next year. The planting method adopts a horizontal swing seed inverting method: compared with the conventional planting method, the main technology is that the rootstocks are horizontally placed, and the buds face downwards. The horizontal swing seed-inverting method can obviously improve the rhizome yield, the new buds grow robustly and powerfully, and the method lays a material foundation for capturing high yield. After the seeds are sowed, a layer of film is coated on the seeds, so that seeds can be prevented from being frozen and weeds in the next year can be reduced.
Step four, intertillage weeding: huang Jing is fond of dampness but fearing water accumulation. In rainy season, the ditch should be cleaned and drained in time, so as to avoid root rot caused by water accumulation; timely irrigating in dry seasons to keep the soil moist; the smoked plum has sufficient water content and can also promote the growth of root systems. The dark plum and the sealwort are frequently intertillated and weeded in the early stage, and one-time weeding work can be carried out on the dark plum and the sealwort in 3, 6, 7, 9 and 11 months.
Step five, fertilizing periodically: topdressing is combined with intertillage weeding, the requirement of growth and development of the dark plum on P, K is high, the requirement on N is low, and trace elements such as B play an important role. The top dressing is suitable for a few and not suitable for a large number, generally the top dressing is carried out for 2 times every year, the 1 st top dressing is carried out in 6 months, and decomposed agricultural fertilizers and ammonium sulfate are applied; and performing topdressing for the 2 nd time in 11 months, mainly using organic fertilizers such as compost and fire soil fertilizer, and applying enough overwintering fertilizer. Topdressing is applied in the furrows among the plants, and then compacted and covered with soil, wherein the specific dosage depends on the growth condition of the plants. The sealwort plant needs a large amount of fertilizer in the early growth stage, and enough nutrients are ensured to be absorbed in the vegetative growth stage of the plant in 4-7 months. The fertilizer is applied once in 3, 6 and 9 months, and 1500-2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu. And (3) applying the winter fertilizer for 11 months, wherein 1500kg of the soil and miscellaneous fertilizers, 50kg of the calcium superphosphate and 50kg of the cake fertilizer are uniformly mixed and fermented for each mu, and then the winter fertilizer is applied.
Step six, pruning and picking flowers: the trimming of dark plum is preferably conducted by thinning and light weight trimming, and the branches are required to be distributed evenly. And cutting off the long branches in winter and reserving the short fruit branches. Bud picking and pinching are carried out in late spring and early summer to accelerate the formation of tree crowns. Sealwort usually blooms in 4-5 months, and because many flowers and long flowering period of the sealwort, a large amount of nutrient components are consumed, so that the growth of rhizomes is influenced, and therefore, the buds of the sealwort are cut off by combining weeding, the nutrient consumption is reduced, and the yield of the sealwort is increased.
Seventhly, pest control:
the main diseases and pests of the dark plums are anthracnose, and the dark plums can be prevented and treated by spraying 1000-time liquid of 50 percent carbendazim at the early stage of disease occurrence, once every 7 days and 3 times continuously. And pruning dead branches of diseased branches during winter pruning. The pests mainly include longicorn, which can be killed by dipping DDVP in cotton ball and inserting into wormhole, and aphid can be controlled by pirimicarb.
The main diseases of sealwort are black spot, and the disease is sprayed before and during the disease occurrence 1: 1:100 fold Bordeaux mixture or 1000 fold 50 percent Bacteride mixture, every 7-10 days for several times. The insect pests include grubs and cutworms, and in the field emergence period, the grubs and the cutworms are irrigated by 1000-time liquid of 90 percent trichlorfon or trapped and killed by black lights and poison baits.
Step eight, harvesting rhizoma polygonati: after the sealwort is planted for three years, the sealwort can be dug out in the middle and late 10 months.
In the embodiment, the characteristics of short and small seedlings of the dark plum at the early stage are utilized to relay the sealwort, and meanwhile, the shady and shady humid environment of the sealwort is also met. Adopt before the dark plum shaping to dig sealwort, realize the maximize utilization in soil under the prerequisite that does not influence dark plum growth, make one mu in soil become many mu, improve the income of land unit area, still can gather two kinds of economic medicinal materials simultaneously. And the management of the two medicinal materials can be completed in the same management process, so that the management cost is not increased.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. A method for interplanting polygonatum sibiricum in dark plum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. planting and soil preparation: deeply ploughing the loam by using rotary tillage equipment, fertilizing the deeply ploughed loam according to the fertilizer weight required by a preset unit area, and ridging the loam;
B. planting the dark plum trees: digging dark plum planting holes for planting dark plums on soil prepared by land preparation according to a first preset size and a first preset distance, and planting dark plum seedlings;
C. planting rhizoma polygonati: digging a polygonatum planting hole for planting polygonatum sibiricum on the loam for planting the plum trees according to a second preset size and a second preset distance, and planting polygonatum sibiricum seedlings;
D. planting management: weeding sealwort and dark plum planted on loam in a first preset time month, a second preset time month, a third preset time month, a fourth preset time month and a fifth preset time month every year;
E. fertilizer spreading: respectively topdressing in a second preset time month and a fifth preset time month of each year of plum planting, and respectively topdressing in a first preset time month, a second preset time month, a fourth preset time month and a fifth preset time month of each year of polygonatum planting.
2. The method for interplanting polygonatum sibiricum with dark plum according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the fertilizer required by a preset unit area is 2000kg of farmyard manure per mu; the width of the furrows made in the planting and land preparation step is 1.5m, and the interval between adjacent furrows is 50 cm; the rotary tillage depth of the rotary tillage equipment is 30 cm; the step of planting and soil preparation also comprises a drainage ditch with the depth of 30cm is arranged around the loam.
3. The method for interplanting polygonatum sibiricum with dark plum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first preset size is 65cm of hole depth and 55cm of hole diameter; the second preset size is 10-15cm of hole depth; the first preset spacing is 3.2m multiplied by 1.8 m; the second preset spacing is 20cm multiplied by 15 cm.
4. The method for interplanting polygonatum sibiricum with dark plum according to claim 1, wherein the planted polygonatum sibiricum is operated in 11 months and subjected to film mulching treatment.
5. The method for interplanting polygonatum sibiricum in dark plum according to claim 1, wherein the dark plum seedlings are seedlings which are 50cm to 100cm high before germination in early spring.
6. The method for interplanting polygonatum sibiricum with dark plum as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first preset time is 3 months; the second preset time month is 6 months; the third preset time month is 7 months; the fourth preset time month is 9 months; the fifth preset time month is month 11.
7. The method for interplanting polygonatum sibiricum in dark plum according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer application of dark plum includes the application of a decomposed agricultural fertilizer and ammonium sulfate in the second preset time month of each year and the application of an overwintering fertilizer in the fifth preset time month of each year.
8. The method for interplanting polygonatum sibiricum in dark plum according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer application of polygonatum sibiricum comprises the application of an organic fertilizer at 1500 kg/mu to 2000 kg/mu in the first preset time month, the second preset time month and the fourth preset time month of each year and the application of a mixed fertilizer consisting of an organic fertilizer 1000kg to 1500kg, a calcium phosphate 50kg and a cake fertilizer 50kg per mu in the fifth preset time month of each year.
9. The method for interplanting the polygonatum sibiricum with the dark plum as claimed in claim 1, wherein weeding is performed while fertilizer is applied; the method also comprises a step F of pruning and picking flowers: cutting off long branches in winter, keeping short fruit branches, and performing bud picking and pinching in summer; when the sealwort is used for weeding, buds are reduced.
10. The method for interplanting polygonatum sibiricum with dark plum according to claim 1, further comprising the step of harvesting polygonatum sibiricum G: digging in the middle and late 10 months after the sealwort is planted for three years.
CN202010295842.XA 2020-04-15 2020-04-15 Method for interplanting smoked plums and sealwort Pending CN111296166A (en)

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113348950A (en) * 2021-07-19 2021-09-07 松阳县君凯安农家庭农场 Under-forest symbiotic interplanting method for torreya grandis and polygonatum sibiricum

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Application publication date: 20200619