CN111280100A - Method for breeding crayfishes in hydrilla verticillata primary pond - Google Patents
Method for breeding crayfishes in hydrilla verticillata primary pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN111280100A CN111280100A CN202010168270.9A CN202010168270A CN111280100A CN 111280100 A CN111280100 A CN 111280100A CN 202010168270 A CN202010168270 A CN 202010168270A CN 111280100 A CN111280100 A CN 111280100A
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000745988 Phyllostachys Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000004456 rapeseed meal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
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- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010035148 Plague Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000238028 Procambarus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238030 Procambarus clarkii Species 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding crayfish in a phyllostachys verticillata primary pond, which comprises the following steps: selecting a hydrilla verticillata primary pond with a flat bottom and no annular groove; early management: draining water, drying the pond, removing impurities, and allowing hydrilla verticillata to germinate and grow out after water is supplied for 18-22 cm in the first ten days of 3 months; killing insects in time after hydrilla verticillata grows out; when the shrimps come out of the holes and begin to feed, adding a proper amount of water along with the growth of hydrilla verticillata, wherein the initial water is 5-10cm higher than the hydrilla verticillata; applying a proper amount of fertilizer according to the growth condition of the aquatic weeds; and (3) middle and later period management: starting beating the grass heads of the hydrilla verticillata when the hydrilla verticillata reaches 50-60 cm; thinning and replanting seedlings in due time, and applying composite EM bacteria; and (4) catching. According to the method, the shrimps are produced by staggering peaks in the hydrilla verticillata pond in the whole course through dry overwintering and winter sunning without natural impurity removal of medicines, the moss is controlled, the yield of large-specification exquisite shrimps per mu can be 235 plus 341, the shrimps continuously emerge at the bottom of 6-11 months and come into the market, and the pond culture benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crayfish breeding, in particular to a method for breeding crayfish in a wheel-leaf hydrilla primary pond.
Background
Crayfish, scholarly procambarus clarkii, belongs to crustaceans, belongs to arthropoda, crustacea, decapod, crawfish family and procambarus, has thicker head and chest, hard shell and delicious meat quality, is a low-fat, low-cholesterol and high-protein nutritional nourishing food, and in addition, the crayfish has the advantages of fast reproduction, short breeding period, delicious meat quality, rich nutrition and wide development prospect. In recent years, due to the rapid increase of market demand, the natural resources of the crayfish are rapidly reduced, the market price is gradually increased, and the yield of the crayfish cannot meet the market demand. Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problems, there is a need for a crayfish breeding method that can effectively improve the yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for culturing crayfish in a primary pond by using hydrilla verticillata, which can achieve the yield of large-size high-quality crayfish per mu of 235 jin and 341 jin, continuously sprout at the bottom of 6-11 months and come into the market, and improve the culture benefit of the pond.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides a method for breeding crayfish in a phyllostachys verticillata primary pond, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a hydrilla verticillata primary pond: selecting a hydrilla verticillata primary pond with a flat bottom and no annular groove;
step 2, early management: draining water, drying the pond, removing impurities, and allowing hydrilla verticillata to germinate and grow out after water is supplied for 18-22 cm in the first ten days of 3 months; killing insects in time after hydrilla verticillata grows out; when the shrimps come out of the holes and begin to feed, adding a proper amount of water along with the growth of hydrilla verticillata, wherein the initial water is 5-10cm higher than the hydrilla verticillata; applying a proper amount of fertilizer according to the growth condition of the aquatic weeds;
step 3, middle and later period management: starting beating the grass heads of the hydrilla verticillata when the hydrilla verticillata reaches 50-60cm, thinning and replanting seedlings timely, and applying compound EM bacteria;
step 4, catching: beginning in late 6 months, when 30% of the shrimps in the pond reach more than 10cm, catching the shrimps, keeping the shrimps large, continuously catching the shrimps until the end of 11 months, and starting to drain water and dry the pond for the next year.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a crayfish wheel blade hydrilla verticillata primary pond culture method, which can realize the per mu yield of 235 plus one catty high-quality crayfish by dry overwintering and winter sunning without natural impurity removal of medicines, controlling moss, staggering peak growth of the wheel blade hydrilla verticillata pond in the whole process, continuously growing a plurality of batches of crayfish and growing large-size crayfish, and can continuously grow seedlings and come into the market at the bottom of 6-11 months, thereby improving the culture benefit of the pond, in particular:
(1) adopting a ring-groove-free hydrilla verticillata primary pond for cultivation:
after the hydrilla verticillata is cultured in the whole process, the hydrilla verticillata is produced in the same way, the feed input and the drug input are greatly reduced, the drug is hardly used, the environment is more environment-friendly and ecological, and the feed is saved by more than 40%. After the hydrilla verticillata is well managed and protected, the water and bottom purifying capacity is strong, almost no diseases exist, the cultivation saves labor, and the labor is saved by more than 30%. Experiments show that the primary pond benefit of the hydrilla verticillata pond without the annular groove is far higher than that of a new pond with the annular groove, so that the benefit of shrimp culture by using hydrilla verticillata (newly dug pond) is in the next year and later, the method simplifies the management difficulty and improves the economic benefit per unit yield.
(2) The seedlings continuously emerge from the bottom of 6-11 months and come into the market through early, middle and later management;
the pond is sunned in winter for a long time, the dry method is overwintering, the late seedling environment is created, the large-scale disease of the May plague is avoided, and the purpose of off-peak marketing is achieved.
Sun drying in winter to remove impurities naturally, avoiding high-growing stage of moss, watering in spring, and protecting grass from sprouting without impurities, moss and shrimp seedlings; the grass grows synchronously, the insect disinfestation and the grass protection are carried out in the early stage, the grass head is beaten in the middle stage, and the grass seeds are kept in the later stage.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In the embodiment of the invention, a C region 498 mu hydrilla verticillata primary pond is adopted to cultivate crayfish in a company cultivation base, and the method comprises the following steps:
1. pond construction: the pond area is 20-25 mu, the south and north directions of the rectangle are the sand bottom, the bottom is flat and has no annular ditch, and the slope ratio is 1: 2.5-3.0, and the maximum depth of water feeding is 1.2 meters.
2. Early management:
and (3) after the shrimps are caught before the year, draining water and drying the pond in the middle ten days of 11 months, wherein the shrimps are completely dried because of no circular ditches, naturally remove impurities, do not grow moss, and are crushed into fine powder after the hydrilla verticillata is dried up, the seeds fall into mud, and the water is completely drained by 20cm before the 10 days of beginning spring, and the grass begins to germinate and grow out.
After the grass grows out, the pests and other damages are observed, the pests are immediately killed, the pests are killed again after 10 days, the toxicity is not removed, the grass gradually grows more and higher, at the moment, part of the seed shrimps come out of the holes along with rainfall, the grass clamping is started, and the feeding is started immediately; the self-made feed is fed, comprises soybean meal, rapeseed meal and vegetable stems and leaves, and is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight of 3: 2: 1, feeding once according to 3-5 days, throwing and sprinkling along the edge of the whole pool according to the amount of 5 jin/mu every time, when the water temperature rises to more than 18 degrees, feeding with commercial compound feed for crayfishes, throwing and feeding according to the standard of 3 jin/mu every day, gradually increasing the using amount of the commercial compound feed along with the rising of the water temperature, simultaneously reducing the using amount of the self-made compound feed, and feeding with the commercial compound feed in the whole course (the special feed for the crayfishes with the protein content of 28% -32%) until the water temperature rises to 23 degrees. The matching can ensure that the protein, the energy and the vitamin can meet the growth requirement of the crayfish fries. In the first ten days of 3 months, the water temperature does not exist, at the moment, the ingestion rate of the young crayfish is low, experiments show that the self-made feed comprises 3 parts of bean pulp, 2 parts of rapeseed meal and 1 part of vegetable stem leaves in parts by weight, the feeding is carried out once in 3-5 days, and the feeding is carried out according to the amount of 4-5 jin/mu each time, so that the ingestion rate can be simultaneously met, the water quality cannot be spoiled, the self-made feed raw materials are easy to obtain, and the price is low.
When the water temperature is increased to more than 18 ℃, the crayfish passes through the wintering period, the energy loss of the body is large, and the natural protein, energy and vitamins can be provided for the crayfish by the matching, so that the diseases such as enteritis and the like caused by dyspepsia after the commercial compound feed is eaten can be effectively avoided. And the self-made feed is gradually used for changing over the commercial feed, so that the morbidity of enteritis of the crayfish can be effectively reduced, and the survival rate of the crayfish fries is finally improved.
Adding water slowly with the growth of grass, the water is 5-10cm higher than the grass at first and last. More and more shrimps come out, the feeding is followed up, and the principle of avoiding clamping the grass is guaranteed.
The process is managed and protected, fertilizer is applied properly according to the growth condition of the aquatic weeds, and the fertilizer is applied for a small number of times, the fertilizer comprises self-made fermented biological manure, and the preparation method of the self-made fermented biological manure comprises the following steps: mixing pig manure and chicken manure according to the ratio of 2: 1, composting by a binding belt, scattering dry lime powder for disinfection and sterilization, and finally wrapping by a plastic film for three weeks of decomposition. The specific steps of fertilization are as follows: the whole bag is put around the culture pond, 150 jin per mu, and the bag is used as a fertilizer slow release bag to promote the growth of aquatic weeds.
3. Mid-late management
Grass mowing head: and (3) starting to beat the grass for the first time when the grass reaches 50-60cm after about No. 4 month and No. 20, beating one row with grass piles for 20cm, beating another row after the grass piles sprout new buds, and repeating the steps all the year round.
Thinning and replanting: carefully observing, transplanting seedlings in a pool with more seedlings, and replenishing seedlings in a pool with less seedlings to balance and properly grow the seedlings.
EM (effective microorganisms, Jiangsu Haohui Biotechnology limited) is applied to effectively reduce the ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the later water body. Applying once at the end of 4 months to help decompose residual bait and feces, once in the last 5 months, once in the last 6 months, and 3 times in total. The application amount of the compound EM bacteria is 200 g/1 m water depth/mu for the first time, and 100 g/1 m water depth/mu for the later time, and the compound EM bacteria are sprinkled.
The pond overwintering by the dry method is adopted, and the shrimp seedlings come out later, are in the seedling stage in 5 months and are not high in density, so that diseases are avoided, and the shrimp seedlings safely pass through the dangerous stage.
4. Catching:
the day of 6 months begins to stabilize, the shrimps also begin to grow, the feeding amount is increased, and the shrimps are ready to be caught and listed.
In late 6 months, the price of the rice shrimps basically ends, the shrimps rises, the head shrimps in the intensive culture pond reach more than 8 dollars, the shrimps with more than 7 dollars are caught by a ground cage with meshes of 4.5cm, and the shrimps with less than 7 dollars naturally drill out and stay in the pond to grow continuously. Catching one area for 10 days, then catching another area, and circularly and continuously discharging the shrimps, wherein the caught area is fed continuously, and the shrimps can be caught after 20 days. Thus continuously selling the shrimps till the end of 11 months, and starting to sunning the pond to enter the operation of the next year. The method can achieve the yield of the large-specification fine shrimps per mu of 235 jin 341 jin.
Example 2
In the embodiment of the invention, 400 mu of hydrilla verticillata primary pond in a D area is adopted to cultivate crayfish in a company cultivation base, and the method is the same as the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
In the comparative example, a 450 mu newly-modified vane pond (with a ring groove) in the A area is selected. The specific culture method comprises the following steps:
and (4) draining water and drying the pond in the middle of 11 months before the year, completing winter drying, and naturally removing impurities and controlling moss. The water is filled for 20-30cm after 2-27-3-5 months, and the grass germinates. The killing of pests and the preservation of grass, and the fertilization and the preservation of seedlings are completed within 3-4 months and 15 days.
And (4) starting to weed and replanting seedlings in each area at the bottom of 4 months.
Continuously discharging shrimps in 6 months and 16 days, and stopping the cage in 11 months and 28 days.
Comparative example 2
In the comparative example, 500 mu of waterweed seedling raising pond in the B area is selected. The specific culture method comprises the following steps:
and (4) draining water and drying the pond in the middle of 11 months before the year, completing winter drying, and naturally removing impurities and controlling moss. The water is filled for 20-30cm after 2-27-3-5 months, and the grass germinates. The killing of pests and the preservation of grass, and the fertilization and the preservation of seedlings are completed within 3-4 months and 15 days.
The grass head is beaten in each area at the bottom of 4 months, the seedlings are replenished, the self-growing seedlings in the area B are replenished, 40 jin of the self-growing seedlings are replenished, 50 jin of the self-growing seedlings are replenished after the shrimp catching is started in 16 days at 6 months, and 14 ten thousand 5 jacks are replenished in two times.
Continuously discharging shrimps in 6 months and 16 days, and stopping the cage in 11 months and 28 days.
Comparative example 3: the comparative example was carried out in the same manner as example 1 except that no grass was caught in the middle stage.
Comparative example 4: the whole process adopts commercial compound feed, and the rest steps are the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 5: replacing the self-made feed for feeding with 2 parts by weight: 2: 1, bean pulp, rapeseed meal, vegetable stems and leaves, and the other steps are the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 6
The comparative example was not dried in the winter, water was directly added, and the other steps were the same as in the examples.
Test example 1
The culture effects of the statistical examples 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-6 are as follows:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the shrimp yields of examples 1-2 of the present invention were greatly improved as compared to comparative example 1 (using a newly modified leaf-vane black algae pond).
Compared with the comparative example 2 (adopting the elodea aegypti seedling pond), the shrimp yield of the invention of the examples 1-2 is greatly improved.
Compared with the comparative example 3, the yield of the shrimps is greatly improved after the grass-cutting in the middle period of the examples 1-2 of the invention.
Compared with comparative examples 4-5, the invention shows that the survival rate and the yield can be improved by adopting different water temperatures to feed different feeds.
Compared with the comparative example 6, the shrimp yield and the shrimp fry survival rate of the example of the invention are greatly improved. The crayfish fries come out early without being dried in the winter, the crayfish fries grow fast, and in May, when diseases occur in crayfish breeding areas, farmers sell the crayfish fries in large quantities in order to avoid risks, the prices drop, and the crayfish fries die in large quantities due to disease outbreaks, so that the yield is reduced.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A method for breeding crayfish in a phyllostachys verticillata primary pond, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting a hydrilla verticillata primary pond: selecting a hydrilla verticillata primary pond with a flat bottom and no annular groove;
step 2, early management: draining water, drying the pond, removing impurities, and allowing hydrilla verticillata to germinate and grow out after water is supplied for 18-22 cm in the first ten days of 3 months; killing insects in time after hydrilla verticillata grows out; feeding when the shrimps come out of the holes; adding a proper amount of water along with the growth of the hydrilla verticillata, wherein the water is 5-10cm higher than the hydrilla verticillata at first and last; applying a proper amount of fertilizer according to the growth condition of the aquatic weeds;
step 3, middle and later period management: starting beating the grass heads of the hydrilla verticillata when the hydrilla verticillata reaches 50-60cm, thinning and replanting seedlings timely, and applying compound EM bacteria;
step 4, catching: beginning in late 6 months, when 30% of the shrimps in the pond reach more than 10cm, catching the shrimps, keeping the shrimps large, continuously catching the shrimps until the end of 11 months, and starting to drain water and dry the pond for the next year.
2. The method for crayfish cultivation in the hydrilla verticillata primary pond of claim 1, wherein the ratio of slopes around the hydrilla verticillata primary pond in step 1 is set to 1: 2.5 to 3.
3. The method for culturing the crayfish in the hydrilla verticillata primary pond according to claim 1, wherein the self-made feed is fed when the crayfish comes out of the hole in the step 2, the self-made feed is fed once every 3 to 5 days, and the self-made feed is scattered along the whole pond according to the amount of 4 to 5 jin/mu each time; the self-made feed comprises 3 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of rapeseed meal and 1 part of vegetable stem leaves in parts by weight;
when the water temperature rises to more than 18 ℃, feeding with commercial compound feed for the crayfish, feeding the self-made feed according to the standard of 2-3 jin/mu every day, and feeding commercial compound feed for the crayfish according to the standard of 1-2 jin/mu every day;
and after the water temperature rises to 23 ℃, feeding the feed by using commercial compound feed in the whole process.
4. The method for cultivating crayfish in the hydrilla verticillata primary pond according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of killing insects in the step 2 are as follows: when the hydrilla verticillata grows out and the wired insect harm is observed, the hydrilla verticillata is immediately killed, and the hydrilla verticillata is killed again after 9-11 days.
5. The method for cultivating crayfish in the hydrilla verticillata primary pond according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 of grass cutting comprises the following specific steps: and (4) one row is formed by driving, the grass piles are 18-22 cm, another row is formed after the grass piles sprout, and the steps are repeated.
6. The method for cultivating crayfish in the hydrilla verticillata primary pond of claim 1, wherein the fertilizer in the step 2 comprises homemade fermented biological manure, and the homemade fermented biological manure is prepared by the following steps: mixing pig manure and chicken manure according to the ratio of 2: 1, composting by a binding belt, scattering dry lime powder for disinfection and sterilization, and finally wrapping by a plastic film for three weeks of decomposition.
7. The method for cultivating crayfish in the hydrilla verticillata primary pond according to claim 1, wherein the steps of thinning and replanting in the step 3 are as follows: transplanting more seedlings and supplementing less seedlings to balance and make the seedlings proper.
8. The method for cultivating crayfish in the hydrilla verticillata primary pond according to claim 1, wherein the EM bacteria is applied in the last 4 th, last 5 th and last 6 th months in step 3, and the water is sprayed at an amount of 200 g/1 m/mu for the first time and 100 g/1 m/mu for the later time.
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| CN101664011A (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2010-03-10 | 章文敏 | Earthen pond breeding method of procambarus clarki |
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| CN104082242A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-10-08 | 和县明信水产养殖专业合作社 | Efficient pollution-free culturing method for red swamp crayfishes |
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| CN108703094A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-10-26 | 桂阳县上梓木水产养殖专业合作社 | A kind of method for breeding of double season freshwater shrimps |
| CN108834972A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-20 | 湖北省新兴地生物技术有限公司 | A kind of non-resistant ecological cultural method of cray |
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2020
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| CN101664011A (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2010-03-10 | 章文敏 | Earthen pond breeding method of procambarus clarki |
| CN103461240A (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2013-12-25 | 溧阳市水产技术推广站 | Method for continuously cropping and ecologically breeding macrobrachium nipponensis and hydrilla verticillata |
| CN104082242A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-10-08 | 和县明信水产养殖专业合作社 | Efficient pollution-free culturing method for red swamp crayfishes |
| CN107593549A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-01-19 | 宿松县东求水产开发有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of cray |
| CN108703094A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-10-26 | 桂阳县上梓木水产养殖专业合作社 | A kind of method for breeding of double season freshwater shrimps |
| CN108834972A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-20 | 湖北省新兴地生物技术有限公司 | A kind of non-resistant ecological cultural method of cray |
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Effective date of registration: 20240103 Address after: 435000, No. 40 Longgang Road, Xingguo Town, Yangxin County, Huangshi City, Hubei Province Patentee after: Huangshi Beifu ecological breeding Co.,Ltd. Address before: 434023 No.1, Nanhuan 1st Road, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province Patentee before: Yangtze University Patentee before: INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY VETERINARY, JIANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES |