CN111264114A - Method for promoting infiltration and reducing emission of saline-alkali soil greening soil - Google Patents
Method for promoting infiltration and reducing emission of saline-alkali soil greening soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN111264114A CN111264114A CN202010199993.5A CN202010199993A CN111264114A CN 111264114 A CN111264114 A CN 111264114A CN 202010199993 A CN202010199993 A CN 202010199993A CN 111264114 A CN111264114 A CN 111264114A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/13—Zeolites
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A method for promoting infiltration and reducing emission of saline-alkali soil greening soil comprises the steps of sequentially arranging a filler layer, an isolation layer and a soil layer above a salt elimination layer in a conventional saline-alkali soil greening engineering; the packing layer is formed by mixing zeolite, vermiculite and fine sand, the isolation layer is formed by a straw layer and a fine sand layer from bottom to top, and the soil layer is formed by mixing straw, fine sand, zeolite, vermiculite and planting soil. The method can promote water infiltration and guarantee the quality of the soil drenched water, and has great practical significance for promoting the construction of sponge cities in saline-alkali areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of urban water environment treatment, and particularly relates to a method for promoting infiltration and reducing emission of saline-alkali soil greening soil.
Background
In recent years, the sponge city planning and construction engineering is continuously promoted, the sponge effect is continuously promoted, the sponge city concept is increasingly deep, and the sponge city concept is currently in a key period of advancing from exploration of paths and summary of test point experience to the systematic universe. The saline-alkali area soil is seriously salinized, and the plant growth conditions are extremely harsh, so that the saline-alkali area soil becomes one of the important restriction conditions for promoting the construction of sponge cities in the area, particularly the construction of green land ecological infrastructures.
Although people have been practicing and exploring for hundreds of years for the problems of saline-alkali soil improvement and greening, and have formed and developed diversified engineering measures and technical systems such as soil improvement, plant adaptation, engineering salt elimination and the like, various problems exist in the aspects of technical applicability, economic rationality, implementation feasibility, project risk control and the like, and the engineering salt elimination technology is still generally adopted for the greening of the saline-alkali soil at present. The method is generally characterized in that a gravel sprinkling layer with a certain thickness, namely a salt draining layer, is arranged below a planting soil layer, and high-salinity underground water is drained into a rainwater system or a water body close to the surface through a perforated drainage pipe network embedded in the gravel sprinkling layer, so that secondary salinization of the planting soil caused by continuous rising along a soil capillary is prevented; meanwhile, planting green plants by replacing original saline soil with foreign soil.
On one hand, the salt discharge way essentially connects the salt discharge channel of the green land with the rainwater system/surface water body, and when raining or irrigating the green land, the soil drenched water inevitably enters the rainwater system or even the surface water body directly. The soil leaching water often contains a large amount of soil particles and nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, so that the problems of particle deposition and water quality of a rainwater system and even a surface water body occur; on the other hand, the water permeability of the purchased foreign soil is often considered to be insufficient, and the requirements of the green land facilities with the functions of rainwater runoff storage and purification on the water permeability of the planting soil can not be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of weak water permeability of soil for greening saline-alkali areas and turbidity and water quality of rain or green land irrigation effluent, and provides a method for promoting infiltration and emission reduction of saline-alkali soil greening soil.
As conceived above, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for promoting infiltration and reducing emission of saline-alkali soil greening soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: a filler layer, an isolation layer and a soil layer are sequentially arranged above a salt elimination layer of a conventional saline-alkali soil greening project; the packing layer is formed by mixing zeolite, vermiculite and fine sand, the isolation layer is formed by a straw layer and a fine sand layer from bottom to top, and the soil layer is formed by mixing straw, fine sand, zeolite, vermiculite and planting soil.
Further, the packing layer is formed by mixing and blending 15-25 parts of zeolite, 35-40 parts of vermiculite and 35-50 parts of fine sand according to the volume ratio.
Further, the isolation layer is composed of a straw layer with the thickness of 5-10cm and a fine sand layer with the thickness of 5cm from bottom to top in sequence.
Further, the soil layer is formed by mixing and blending 20-30 parts of straws, fine sand, zeolite, vermiculite and planting soil in a volume ratio of 20-25 parts, 10-15 parts, 10-20 parts and 40-50 parts.
Furthermore, the laying thickness of the filler layer is 20-35 cm.
Furthermore, the grain sizes of the zeolite and the vermiculite used in the filler layer and the soil layer are both 1-3 mm.
Furthermore, the straw layer in the isolation layer adopts garden waste straw.
Further, the paving thickness of the soil layer is within the range of 45-80 cm.
Furthermore, the straw adopted in the soil layer is turf prepared by crushing branches, leaves and herb flower residues harvested in gardens to the length of less than 5mm, mixing the crushed residue with planting soil and fermenting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the soil layer provided by the invention adopts materials such as straw, fine sand, zeolite, vermiculite and the like to improve the planting soil, firstly, the water permeability of the conventional greening planting soil can be improved to more than 15mm/h from less than 5mm/h generally, so that the conventional greening planting soil meets the related requirements of 'greening planting soil' CJ/T340-2016, and secondly, the soil leaching water pollutants are reduced, and the nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like dissolved in soil pore water are fixed by adsorbing the materials such as zeolite, vermiculite and the like dispersed in the soil layer, so that the plant growth is realized.
(2) The isolation layer is provided with the fine sand layer and the straw layer with a certain thickness, so that fine soil particles can be prevented from moving downwards due to infiltration and downward movement of green land water in the rainfall or irrigation process, and the soil drenched water is turbid; meanwhile, the isolation layer is arranged to replace a permeable geotextile above a conventional greenbelt salt drainage layer, so that the problem that the permeability of soil is continuously attenuated along with the extension of running time due to the fact that fine soil particles are layered and gathered to form a weak permeable interlayer can be relieved to the greatest extent.
(3) The packing layer of the invention is paved with good NH with a certain thickness3Zeolite with N-adsorption capacity, good PO4 3-The mixed material of vermiculite with P adsorption capacity and fine sand with better suspended matter interception and dispersion capacity can effectively intercept and degrade suspended matters and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements in the seeped water from the soil layer, and plays a key role in guaranteeing the water quality of green land backwater entering a rainwater system/surface water body through a salt discharge channel in the rainfall or green land irrigation process.
(4) The straws are waste harvested by local greening plants, on one hand, the greening construction cost is reduced by replacing a part of inorganic raw materials for improving conventional soil such as sand stones, on the other hand, the landscaping waste straws are substantially biological plastids, and the low-carbon concept of saline-alkali land green land construction is reflected by recycling the biological plastids, so that the rapid restoration of the saline-alkali land green land habitat is ensured and promoted, and the ecological environmental benefit is obvious.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a saline-alkali soil greening soil infiltration promoting and emission reducing engineering operation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an engineering approach for isolation layers.
Detailed Description
The technical solution and the specific engineering practice of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, a method for promoting infiltration and reducing emission of saline-alkali soil greening soil is characterized in that a filler layer 2, a straw isolation layer 31, a fine sand isolation layer 32 and a soil layer 4 are sequentially paved above a salt discharge layer 1 of a conventional saline-alkali soil greening engineering.
The conventional saline-alkali soil greening engineering salt elimination method comprises the steps of excavating a construction land to a designed elevation, transporting original saline soil 6 outside, leveling plain soil, excavating a salt elimination ditch, tamping a working surface, paving a gravel layer with a certain thickness according to design requirements, embedding a perforated drainage pipe network in the gravel layer, and forming an engineering salt elimination layer 1. The broken stone layer with large porosity physically cuts off capillary channels which are communicated with the original saline soil body from top to bottom, promotes underground water with high mineralization degree to be gathered in the broken stone layer and cannot continuously migrate upwards, and the underground water is drained to a nearby rainwater inspection well, a drainage ditch or a surface water body through the perforated drainage pipe.
The packing layer 2 is prepared by mixing zeolite with a particle size of 1-3mm, vermiculite with a particle size of 1-3mm and fine sand according to a volume ratio of 15-25 parts, 35-40 parts and 35-50 parts, and then spreading the mixture on the salt leaching layer 1, wherein the laying thickness is 25-30 cm.
The isolating layer 3 is divided into two layers from top to top, a straw isolating layer 31 with the thickness of 5-10cm is laid above the packing layer 2, and the straw is taken from local landscaping waste straw (including pruning and maintaining waste branches in gardens, cleaning collected leaves, and herbaceous flower residues harvested in gardens, and the like, preferably branch-shaped and sheet-shaped materials); and paving a fine sand isolating layer with the thickness of 5cm above the straw isolating layer 31, and leveling.
The method for preparing the soil layer 4 comprises the steps of pruning waste branches, cleaning collected leaves and harvested herbaceous flower residues for landscaping, crushing the branches to be less than 5mm in length, mixing the branches with planting soil, fermenting the mixture to prepare turf, mixing the turf with fine sand, zeolite with the particle size of 1-3mm, vermiculite with the particle size of 1-3mm and the planting soil according to the volume ratio of 20-30 parts, 20-25 parts, 10-15 parts, 10-20 parts and 40-50 parts, improving the planting soil, replacing original saline soil with the improved planting soil, paving the improved planting soil above a fine sand isolation layer 32 as backfill soil, paving the soil with the thickness within the range of 45-80cm, and specifically determining appropriate parameter values according to plant species and root growth requirements. The material mixing can adopt a method of mixing different materials by a rotary cultivator after being paved according to the field condition.
The basic principle of the operation of the saline-alkali soil greening soil infiltration promoting and emission reducing system is characterized in that when rainfall (particularly peripheral hard surface runoff needs to be received) and irrigation are carried out, external moisture received by a soil layer 4 is filled into an unsaturated gap of the system firstly (a complex migration process of longitudinal infiltration and transverse diffusion of unsaturated moisture exists in the process); after the soil moisture of the layer is saturated, soil pore water, fine soil particles carried by the soil pore water and dissolved nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like enter the fine sand isolation layer 32 in the form of soil drenching liquid, and most fine particles are intercepted by the fine sand isolation layer; after passing through the fine sand isolation layer 32, the soil leachate enters the straw isolation layer 31, and part of the carried fine particles and part of the ionic nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements are adsorbed by the surface of the straw, and part of the carried fine particles and part of the ionic nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements are degraded by a biological film adsorbed by the surface of the straw; after passing through the straw isolation layer 31, the soil leachate enters the packing layer 2, fine particles are adsorbed and intercepted by the packing layer material and are dispersed in the gaps of the packing, nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like are adsorbed by zeolite, vermiculite, fine sand and the like and are retained in the gaps of the packing layer 2, and microbial populations adsorbed on the surface of the packing and living in the gaps are further degraded; after passing through the packing layer 2, the soil leachate enters the engineering salt discharge layer 1, most of nutrient elements such as fine particles, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like are adsorbed and intercepted in the system elements and are effectively degraded, and the nutrient elements enter a rainwater system, a drainage ditch or green land of surface water body through the salt discharge channel 5 to be effectively purified.
Taking a test field built in a certain saline-alkali area of the new and middle ecological cities as an example, the conventional saline-alkali soil is builtEngineering salt-removing green land control field 135m2Saline-alkali soil greening soil infiltration-promoting emission-reducing test field of 135m2. Through field observation and sampling analysis of the test field in the actual rainfall and daily irrigation maintenance processes in 2018 to 2019 and 12 months, the results show that the soil permeability and the soil drenching water quality of the saline-alkali soil greening soil infiltration promotion and emission reduction test field are obviously better than those of a control field, the soil stabilization and permeability rate is increased to more than 15mm/h of the infiltration promotion and emission reduction test field from less than 5mm/h of the control field, and the soil drenching water SS, COD and NH3-N、NO3 -The annual average concentration of N, TN and TP is respectively reduced from 69mg/L, 58mg/L, 2.31mg/L, 6.92mg/L, 11.06mg/L and 0.84mg/L of the control field to 21mg/L, 33mg/L, 0.50mg/L, 3.76mg/L, 7.79mg/L and 0.29mg/L of the test field, and the annual average removal rate respectively reaches 69.7%, 42.3%, 78.5%, 45.6%, 29.6% and 65.7%.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and modifications and equivalent variations made by those skilled in the art based on the spirit of the present invention are within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for promoting infiltration and reducing emission of saline-alkali soil greening soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: a filler layer, an isolation layer and a soil layer are sequentially arranged above a salt elimination layer of a conventional saline-alkali soil greening engineering; the packing layer is formed by mixing zeolite, vermiculite and fine sand, the isolation layer is formed by a straw layer and a fine sand layer from bottom to top, and the soil layer is formed by mixing straw, fine sand, zeolite, vermiculite and planting soil.
2. The method for promoting infiltration and reducing emission of the greening soil of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the packing layer is formed by mixing and blending 15-25 parts of zeolite, 35-40 parts of vermiculite and 35-50 parts of fine sand according to the volume ratio.
3. The method for promoting infiltration and reducing emission of the greening soil of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the isolating layer is composed of a straw layer with the thickness of 5-10cm and a fine sand layer with the thickness of 5cm from bottom to top in sequence.
4. The method for promoting infiltration and reducing emission of the greening soil of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the soil layer is formed by mixing and blending 20-30 parts of straws, fine sand, zeolite, vermiculite and planting soil in a volume ratio of 20-25 parts, 10-15 parts, 10-20 parts and 40-50 parts.
5. The method for promoting infiltration and reducing emission of the greening soil of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the paving thickness of the filler layer is 20-35 cm.
6. The method for promoting infiltration and reducing emission of saline-alkali soil greening soil as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the grain sizes of the zeolite and the vermiculite used in the filler layer and the soil layer are both 1-3 mm.
7. The method for promoting infiltration and reducing emission of the greening soil of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the straw layer in the isolation layer adopts garden waste straw.
8. The method for promoting infiltration and reducing emission of the greening soil of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the paving thickness of the soil layer is within the range of 45-80 cm.
9. The method for promoting infiltration and reducing emission of the greening soil of the saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the straw used in the soil layer is grass carbon prepared by crushing branches, leaves and herbaceous flower residues harvested in gardens to the length of less than 5mm, mixing with planting soil and fermenting.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN112825639A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-05-25 | 天津生态城市政景观有限公司 | Coastal saline and alkaline land greening system based on landscaping waste utilization |
| CN113575013A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-11-02 | 东营市农业科学研究院 | Medium-and-severe saline-alkali soil treatment method |
| CN113711724A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-11-30 | 中铁十六局集团置业投资有限公司 | Method for removing salt, controlling water and increasing fertilizer of saline-alkali soil in hydraulic filling area and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112825639A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-05-25 | 天津生态城市政景观有限公司 | Coastal saline and alkaline land greening system based on landscaping waste utilization |
| CN113711724A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-11-30 | 中铁十六局集团置业投资有限公司 | Method for removing salt, controlling water and increasing fertilizer of saline-alkali soil in hydraulic filling area and application thereof |
| CN113575013A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-11-02 | 东营市农业科学研究院 | Medium-and-severe saline-alkali soil treatment method |
| CN113575013B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2023-08-18 | 东营市农业科学研究院 | Moderately severe saline-alkali soil treatment method |
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