CN111247000B - 复合玻璃质玻璃板 - Google Patents

复合玻璃质玻璃板 Download PDF

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CN111247000B
CN111247000B CN201980002206.9A CN201980002206A CN111247000B CN 111247000 B CN111247000 B CN 111247000B CN 201980002206 A CN201980002206 A CN 201980002206A CN 111247000 B CN111247000 B CN 111247000B
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glass pane
composite
polymer film
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CN111247000A (zh
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M.拉克什马南
C.***
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种复合玻璃质玻璃板，其包含两个玻璃质玻璃板或两个聚合物玻璃板或一个玻璃质玻璃板和一个聚合物玻璃板并且具有至少一个粘合在它们之间的聚合物膜，其中在复合玻璃质玻璃板的一个第一较大面区域中布置具有第一刚度的第一类型聚合物膜，并且在至少一个第二面区域中布置具有第二刚度的第二类型聚合物膜，其中该第二刚度高于第一聚合物膜的刚度。

Description

复合玻璃质玻璃板
本发明涉及一种复合玻璃质玻璃板，其具有两个玻璃质玻璃板或两个聚合物玻璃板或一个玻璃质玻璃板和一个聚合物玻璃板和至少一个粘合在它们之间的聚合物膜。这也可以是多个（例如三个）膜的层压体。
这种复合玻璃质玻璃板在各种技术领域中已被广泛使用了数十年，特别是在建筑物窗玻璃和车辆制造中的使用。所使用的材料的选择和组件的尺寸取决于具体应用目的的要求，考虑到由框架和可能的安装部件而设置的边界条件，尤其是关于成品窗玻璃的所需机械承载能力。应当理解，耐受更高或最高负荷的构成，例如防爆窗玻璃或装甲车辆中的窗玻璃，比标准构成贵得多。
由US 2016/0282645 A1已知一种复合玻璃质玻璃板，其中中间层包括具有不同性能的不同区域。
DE 10 2014 017 388 A1公开了一种构成为乘用车侧窗玻璃的复合玻璃质玻璃板，其中在紧固局部中布置的中间层膜的类型不同于侧窗玻璃的其余区域中的中间层膜的类型。
DE 10 2013 207 150 A1公开了一种用于制造膜复合材料的方法和装置，其能够将多个相同类型的膜无间隙地接合到它们彼此邻接的边界区域。
特别是在汽车工业中，在努力减轻重量从而可实现节省燃料或电力的过程中，存在在复合玻璃质玻璃板中使用更薄和因而更轻的玻璃的趋势。但是，这些窗玻璃必须满足限定的机械要求，这些要求在相关行业标准中已确定。这尤其适用于抵抗作用于玻璃板安装部件（例如车内后视镜、雨水传感器等）上并且传递到其在玻璃板上的紧固面上的力的能力。已经发现，使用相对较薄的玻璃板来制造复合玻璃质玻璃板在这里会引起问题。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种改进的复合玻璃质玻璃板，其一方面能够使用较薄的玻璃板来形成复合玻璃质玻璃板，从而减轻其重量，和另一方面确保符合有关复合玻璃质玻璃板的机械承载能力的相关标准并且还可以成本有效地制造。
该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的复合玻璃质玻璃板来实现。本发明构思的有利扩展方案是从属权利要求的主题。此外，要求保护一种具有权利要求15的特征的膜产品，该膜产品基本上可以制造成用于制造根据本发明的复合玻璃质玻璃板的中间产品并且可以独立地操作。
本发明包括这样的构思，其中在使用较薄的玻璃质玻璃板（或由其他材料（例如聚碳酸酯）构成的相对较薄的玻璃板）时伴随的机械承载能力的降低通过接合玻璃质玻璃板的聚合物膜的嵌接来抵消。本发明还包括这样的构思，其中通过使用具有较高刚度或较高弹性模量的聚合物膜来实现。最后，本发明包括这样的构思，其中考虑到产品成本，不是在复合玻璃质玻璃板的至少一个面区域的整面上，而是仅部分区域上提供具有较高刚度的这种聚合物膜（比通常用于此目的的聚合物膜更昂贵）。
在本发明中，复合玻璃质玻璃板包含两个玻璃质玻璃板或两个聚合物玻璃板或一个玻璃质玻璃板和一个聚合物玻璃板。在一个优选的实施方案中，复合玻璃质玻璃板包含至少一个聚合物玻璃板。这相比于具有两个玻璃质玻璃板的构成相比会显著地减轻重量。优选地，至少一个聚合物玻璃板是聚碳酸酯玻璃板或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯玻璃板。特别优选地，至少一个聚合物玻璃板是聚碳酸酯玻璃板。
根据本发明的复合玻璃质玻璃板具有第一较大面区域和第二面区域。因此，第二面区域小于第一面区域。也可能存在多个第二面区域。复合玻璃质玻璃板的玻璃板通过聚合物膜整面地接合。根据本发明，聚合物膜包括至少一个第一类型聚合物膜和至少一个第二类型聚合物膜。聚合物膜可包括在其他面区域中使用的一个或多个其他类型膜。这些可以是例如具有电可切换功能或着色区域的膜。在一个优选的实施方案中，根据本发明的复合玻璃质玻璃板仅具有一个第一面区域和一个或多个第二面区域，它们一起覆盖复合玻璃质玻璃板的整个面。
第一类型聚合物膜和第二类型聚合物膜可分别构成为单层或多层的。优选地，第一类型聚合物膜构成为膜层压体和/或第二类型聚合物膜构成为膜层压体。特别优选地，将第一类型聚合物膜构成为具有例如三个层的膜层压体，并且将第二类型聚合物膜构成为单层聚合物膜。
第一类型聚合物膜和第二类型聚合物膜的厚度基本上相同。这防止了由于在第一和第二面区域之间的过渡处的厚度变化而引起的复合玻璃质玻璃板中的应力。
根据本发明，基本上相同是指厚度之间的差异小于30％，优选小于20％，和特别优选小于10％。
根据另一个具有实际意义的实施方案，特别是在汽车工业的领域中，复合玻璃质玻璃板构成为车辆的挡风玻璃。优选地，复合玻璃质玻璃板构成为车辆的挡风玻璃，并且第二面区域构成为其中央区域。这里，“中央区域”尤其应理解为挡风玻璃的上部中间区域，在该上部中间区域中通常安装车内后视镜，雨水传感器等的安装部件。特别优选地，中央区域直接连接到挡风玻璃的上边缘。这可以特别容易地制造并且改善了边缘区域的稳定性。
更具体地，第二面区域具有矩形或圆角矩形或圆形或椭圆形的形状。根据具体的应用，其他形状也是可能的。
本发明还可以在乘用车的后窗玻璃或前后贯通的全景窗玻璃的情况下使用，其中例如安装后窗玻璃雨刮器，铰链或联杆等，并且相当的应用可能性也存在于水上-和空中交通工具以及用于建筑物窗玻璃的窗玻璃单元。
在一个优选的实施方案中，复合玻璃质玻璃板构成为车辆的挡风玻璃，并且在第二面区域中将紧固元件粘合到复合玻璃质玻璃板上。由于复合玻璃质玻璃板在第二面区域中具有更高的稳定性，因此将紧固元件安装在该区域中是特别有利的。由于在该区域中的高稳定性，可以在紧固元件和复合玻璃质玻璃板之间进行粘接。特别优选地，将紧固元件安装在挡风玻璃的内侧上并且其适合于安装车内后视镜。优选地，车内后视镜通过紧固元件安装。
根据本发明，相对于车辆的挡风玻璃的上部是指玻璃板朝向车辆顶部方向上的一侧。上边缘在安装位置中向上朝向车辆顶部，而下边缘在安装位置中向下朝向发动机室。
车辆玻璃的内侧是指复合玻璃质玻璃板的设置在安装位置中朝向车辆内室的那一侧。车辆玻璃的外侧是指复合玻璃质玻璃板的设置在安装位置中朝向车辆外部环境的那一侧。
除了上面描述的实施方案之外，但也可以独立于此，还可以设置使得复合玻璃质玻璃板构成为车辆的挡风玻璃，并且多个第二区域布置在其角落-或边缘区域中。因此，在这种情况下，尤其是在车身结构***中在车辆运行过程中特别受力的与A柱（或在后窗玻璃的情况下与C柱）和车顶边缘的边界区域可以承载更多力和因此可以防止损坏。再次，该应用可能性不限于公路车辆和特别是乘用车，而是基本上也扩展到其他车辆以及使用复合玻璃质玻璃板的建筑物。
在另一个优选的实施方案中，复合玻璃质玻璃板构成为车辆的挡风玻璃，并且第二面区域作为周围框架沿着复合玻璃质玻璃板的边缘延伸。周围框架直接连接到复合玻璃质玻璃板的边缘。框架的宽度优选为1cm至20cm，特别优选2cm至10cm。框架的宽度沿各个玻璃板边缘可能有所不同。例如，框架沿玻璃板上边缘的宽度可以比沿玻璃板下边缘的宽度更宽，使得紧固元件在上边缘的区域中可以居中布置。由于挡风玻璃在安装到车辆中时通过在玻璃板边缘处（即，在周围框架的区域中）的粘接而与车身接合，因此在周围框架的区域中在玻璃板上的机械负荷特别大。通过借助于在边缘区域中的更加刚性的聚合物膜的增强，在石块撞击的情况下也可以提供有效的保护，以防止在玻璃板边缘处的玻璃板破裂。
此外，在本发明的有利实施方案中，设置使得所述一个或每个第二区域的面积比例为复合玻璃质玻璃板总面积的小于25％，优选小于10％。原则上，为了使复合玻璃质玻璃板的承载能力最大化，可以提供更大面积比例的更加刚性的第二类型聚合物膜，但是出于成本原因，这通常是不希望的。优选地，所有第二区域的总和为复合玻璃质玻璃板的总面积的小于50％，特别优选小于30％。
在材料方面，特别可以设置使得第一类型聚合物膜是弹性模量小于20MPa的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）膜，和第二类型聚合物膜是弹性模量大于100MPa的PVB膜，分别根据标准ASTM D882测量。
在一个替代的实施方案中，设置使得第一类型聚合物膜是弹性模量小于20MPa的PVB膜，和第二类型聚合物膜是弹性模量大于300MPa的离聚物膜，分别根据标准ASTM D882测量。
原则上，对于所述一个第一面区域和一个或多个第二面区域，可以使用具有其他化学组成的聚合物膜，只要这些膜符合其他要求（透明度，使用寿命，成本等）以及维持第一和第二聚合物膜的刚度或弹性模量之间的上述关系即可。
在考虑到汽车工业的当前发展的一个实施方案中，内玻璃质-或聚合物玻璃板的厚度小于1.4mm，特别是小于1.2mm。原则上，本发明也可以结合较大的玻璃板厚度使用，但是其有利效果自然不太明显。
此外，优选地设置使得第一和第二类型聚合物膜的厚度相同并且在约0.6mm和1.0mm之间的范围内。如果使用膜层压体，则厚度也可以大得多！原则上，也可以使用更厚或更薄的聚合物膜，并且在第一类型聚合物膜和第二类型聚合物膜之间甚至细微的厚度差异也是任选可接受的；然而，两个膜之间的上述厚度范围和厚度匹配在技术上是有利的。
本发明的另一个方面是其中安装了根据本发明的复合玻璃质玻璃板的机动车辆，该复合玻璃质玻璃板通过在车辆玻璃的边缘区域中的粘接而与车身接合，其中车辆玻璃优选是后窗玻璃或挡风玻璃。
此外，从以下参考附图对具体实施例的描述，本发明的优点和有利性将变得显而易见。
图1a和1b示出了本发明的第一具体实施例的示意图（俯视图和截面图），
图2示出了本发明的第二具体实施例的示意图（俯视图），和
图3示出了本发明的第三具体实施例的示意图（俯视图）。
图1a示意性地示出了根据本发明的一个具体实施例的乘用车挡风玻璃1的俯视图，和图1b示出了其沿截面A-A的截面图。挡风玻璃1形成为复合玻璃质玻璃板，其具有厚度分别为1.5mm的第一和第二玻璃质玻璃板1a、1b和粘合在该玻璃质玻璃板之间的第一和第二聚合物膜1c、1d。复合玻璃质玻璃板的绝大部分使用厚度为约0.75mm的由标准用于该目的的PVB构成的聚合物膜1c形成。在挡风玻璃1的连接其上边缘的中间上部区域中，在第一聚合物膜1c的局部中使用矩形片段的第二聚合物膜1d，该第二聚合物膜1d是具有更高刚度的离聚物膜，例如其可以以商品名SentryGlas®商购获得。该区域是在挡风玻璃1的内侧上粘合上用于安装车内后视镜的固定元件2的那个区域。应当注意的是，图1b中在玻璃质玻璃板1b和紧固元件2之间的粘合剂层没有单独标示。作为粘合剂层合适的是例如聚氨酯粘合剂或合适的胶带，例如用于汽车应用的SBT（结构粘合带）。
通过在安装车内后视镜的区域中设置更加刚性的聚合物膜1d，复合玻璃质玻璃板1的机械承载能力在该区域中总体上增加到这样的程度，即，尽管使用了相对较薄的玻璃质玻璃板1a、1b，其仍满足相关标准中限定的要求。
发明人还可以通过实验证实了在第二类型聚合物膜的区域中增强机械承载能力的效果。为此，发明人已经对根据本发明的样品进行了试验，其中在中央第二面区域中使用了比在使用标准PVB膜的第一面区域中具有更高刚度的PVB膜。在第二面区域中，在较薄的内玻璃板上安装车内后视镜。作为对比样品使用完全通过标准PVB膜接合的复合玻璃。复合玻璃质玻璃板分别具有由2.1mm厚玻璃构成的外玻璃板和由1.1mm厚玻璃构成的内玻璃板。聚合物膜具有约0.8mm的厚度。已经发现，对于根据本发明的样品，在薄的内玻璃板破裂之前可作为杠杆作用在镜子上的力超过两倍大小。
图2以俯视图示意性地示出了本发明的另一个实施方案。在这种情况下，对于另一个挡风玻璃1'，进而在挡风玻璃的基本主要面区域中使用第一聚合物膜1c'，以及在侧面的边缘-和角落区域中使用更加刚性的第二聚合物膜1d'。在这种实施方案中，增加了挡风玻璃的刚度，从而提高了挡风玻璃的机械承载能力，特别是在侧面的边缘-和角落区域中。该实施方案可以与图1a和1b所示的实施方案组合。
图3以俯视图示意性地示出了本发明的另一个实施方案。挡风玻璃1"形成为复合玻璃质玻璃板，其具有厚度为2.1mm的第一玻璃质玻璃板1a和厚度为1.1mm的第二玻璃质玻璃板1b。在这种情况下，第一类型聚合物膜1c"以0.8mm厚的标准PVB膜的形式用在挡风玻璃的基本主要面区域中。具有第二类型聚合物膜1d"的第二面区域以周围框架的形式布置，该周围框架直接邻接复合玻璃质玻璃板1"的边缘。作为第二类型聚合物膜使用0.8mm厚的更加刚性的PVB膜，该PVB膜可以以商品名Saflex®, DG41商购获得。周围框架的宽度b为约5cm，并且沿所有边缘的宽度基本上相同。该挡风玻璃设置用于粘合到车辆的车身。由于粘接在周围框架形式的第二面区域的范围中进行，因此车辆玻璃的稳定性显著改善，尤其在石块撞击的情况下。
本发明的实施方案不限于上述实施例和突出强调的方面，而是在所附权利要求的保护范围内的各种修改也是可以的。
在另一个实施方案中，根据本发明的复合玻璃质玻璃板具有两个玻璃质玻璃板或两个聚合物玻璃板或一个玻璃质玻璃板和一个聚合物玻璃板和至少一个粘合在它们之间的聚合物膜或膜层压体，其中在复合玻璃质玻璃板的一个第一较大面区域中布置具有第一刚度的第一类型聚合物膜或膜层压体，并且在至少一个第二面区域中布置具有第二刚度的第二类型聚合物膜或膜层压体，其中该第二刚度高于第一聚合物膜的刚度。
复合玻璃质玻璃板优选包含至少一个聚合物玻璃板，并且至少一个聚合物玻璃板优选是聚碳酸酯玻璃板或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯玻璃板。
复合玻璃质玻璃板优选构成为车辆的挡风玻璃，并且第二面区域构成为其中央区域。
第二面区域优选具有矩形或圆角矩形或圆形或椭圆形的形状。
复合玻璃质玻璃板优选构成为车辆的挡风玻璃，并且多个第二区域布置在其角落-或边缘区域中。
所述一个或每个第二区域的面积比例优选为复合玻璃质玻璃板的总面积的小于10％。
第一类型聚合物膜优选是弹性模量小于20MPa的PVB膜，和第二类型聚合物膜是弹性模量大于100MPa的PVB膜，分别根据标准ASTM D882测量。
第一类型聚合物膜优选是弹性模量小于20MPa的PVB膜，和第二类型聚合物膜是弹性模量大于300MPa的离聚物膜，分别根据标准ASTM D882测量。
内玻璃质-或聚合物玻璃板的厚度优选小于1.4mm，特别是小于1.2mm。
第一和第二类型聚合物膜的厚度优选相同，并且在0.6mm和1.0mm之间的范围内。
此外，本发明包括用于制造上述复合玻璃质玻璃板的膜产品，其中该膜产品在一个第一较大面区域中具有第一刚度的第一类型聚合物膜或膜层压体，并且在至少一个第二面区域中具有第二更高刚度的第二类型聚合物膜或膜层压体。
附图标记列表
1；1'，1''              挡风玻璃（复合玻璃质玻璃板）
1a，1b                 玻璃质玻璃板
1c，1c'，1c''           第一类型聚合物膜，第一聚合物膜
1d；1d'，1d''           第二类型聚合物膜，第二聚合物膜
2                     紧固元件，固定元件
b                     周围框架的宽度。

Claims (11)

1.复合玻璃质玻璃板(1)，其具有两个玻璃质玻璃板或两个聚合物玻璃板或一个玻璃质玻璃板和一个聚合物玻璃板和至少一个粘合在它们之间的聚合物膜，其中在复合玻璃质玻璃板的第一较大面区域中布置具有第一刚度的第一类型聚合物膜(1c)，并且在第二面区域中布置第二类型聚合物膜(1d)，其中第二类型聚合物膜(1d)具有第二刚度，该第二刚度高于第一类型聚合物膜(1c)的刚度，和其中第一类型聚合物膜(1c)和第二类型聚合物膜(1d)的厚度基本上相同，
其中复合玻璃质玻璃板(1)构成为车辆的挡风玻璃，
其中所述第二面区域构成为车辆的挡风玻璃的中央区域，该中央区域直接连接到挡风玻璃的上边缘，
其中所述第二面区域具有矩形或圆角矩形或圆形或椭圆形的形状，且
其中在复合玻璃质玻璃板(1)的第二面区域中粘合紧固元件(2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃质玻璃板(1)，其中复合玻璃质玻璃板(1)包含至少一个聚合物玻璃板，并且该至少一个聚合物玻璃板是聚碳酸酯玻璃板或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯玻璃板。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃质玻璃板，其中紧固元件(2)布置在挡风玻璃的内侧上以用于安装车内后视镜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃质玻璃板，其中第二面区域的面积比例为复合玻璃质玻璃板(1)的总面积的小于25％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃质玻璃板，其中第二面区域的面积比例为复合玻璃质玻璃板(1)的总面积的小于10％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃质玻璃板，其中第一类型聚合物膜(1c)是弹性模量小于20MPa的PVB膜，并且第二类型聚合物膜(1d)是弹性模量大于100MPa的PVB膜，分别根据标准ASTM D882测量。
7.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃质玻璃板，其中第一类型聚合物膜(1c)是弹性模量小于20MPa的PVB膜，并且第二类型聚合物膜(1d)是弹性模量大于300MPa的离聚物膜，分别根据标准ASTM D882测量。
8.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃质玻璃板，其中位于内部的玻璃质玻璃板或聚合物玻璃板的厚度小于1.4mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃质玻璃板，其中位于内部的玻璃质玻璃板或聚合物玻璃板的厚度小于1.2mm。
10.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃质玻璃板，其中第一类型聚合物膜(1c)和第二类型聚合物膜(1d)的厚度在0.6mm和1.0mm之间的范围内。
11.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃质玻璃板，其中第一类型聚合物膜(1c)构成为膜层压体，和/或第二类型聚合物膜(1d)构成为膜层压体。
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