CN111208015B - Large buried depth tunnel surrounding rock stabilization and support model test system under complex condition - Google Patents
Large buried depth tunnel surrounding rock stabilization and support model test system under complex condition Download PDFInfo
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-buried-depth tunnel surrounding rock stabilization and support model test system under complex conditions, which consists of a high-pressure water-seal model test cabin, an embedded high-hydraulic servo loading system, a high-ground-temperature regulation and control system, a high-permeability water pressure loading system, a miniature TBM intelligent tunneling system, a multi-arm lining system and a self-sealing high-precision test system. The high-pressure water-seal model test cabin is used for containing a test model body and a high-pressure water body, the embedded high-hydraulic servo loading system provides high ground stress for the test model body, the high ground temperature regulating and controlling system applies high ground temperature to the test model body, the high-osmotic water pressure loading system is used for carrying out omnibearing high-osmotic water pressure loading on the test model body, the TBM intelligent tunneling system can intelligently excavate model caverns with different shapes and sizes, the multi-arm lining system is used for lining support and grouting reinforcement after the model cavern is excavated, and the self-sealing high-precision test system is used for testing displacement, stress and osmotic pressure of any position inside the test model body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a true three-dimensional model test system used in the fields of hydropower, traffic, energy and mine engineering and used for simulating the stability and support control of large-buried-depth tunnel surrounding rock under the complex multi-field coupling condition.
Background
With the rapid development of society and economy, China has developed countries with the largest number of tunnels and underground engineering constructions, the largest scale, the most complex geological conditions and the most diverse structural forms in the world. In recent years, deep caverns such as Chinese hydroelectric diversion tunnels, traffic tunnels, mine tunnels and the like are developed vigorously, the construction gravity is transferred to western mountainous areas and karst areas with complex geological conditions, large geological disasters such as water inrush, mud inrush and collapse with concealment and outburst are formed due to high ground stress, high osmotic pressure, strong karst, complex geological structures and the like in the construction process of the deep caverns (the traffic tunnels, the diversion tunnels, the mine tunnels and the like), the disaster occurrence part, scale and power characteristics are difficult to predict accurately, serious harm is often brought to underground engineering construction, heavy economic losses such as flooding the caverns, flushing machines and the like are caused at light time, and heavy casualty accidents are caused at heavy time. Therefore, deep research is carried out on the disaster-causing mechanism of the deep cavern water-mud-bursting geological disaster under the coupling action of high ground stress and high osmotic water pressure, and the method has great theoretical significance and engineering application value for effectively preventing the occurrence of the disastrous accidents and improving the construction safety and the operation stability of the deep cavern. In the face of deep cavern engineering, the traditional theoretical method is hard to be competent, numerical simulation is difficult and heavy, on-site in-situ test conditions are limited and cost is high, and in contrast, a geomechanical model test becomes an important means for researching deep engineering by the characteristics of the geomechanical model test, such as image, intuition and reality. Different from the MTS research on mechanical properties of a rock core, the geomechanical model test is a physical simulation method for researching the excavation process and deformation and damage of cavern construction by adopting a reduced-scale model according to a similar principle, and has important functions of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field test irreplaceable for discovering new phenomena, exploring new rules, disclosing new mechanisms and verifying new theories. Therefore, the geomechanical model test also becomes an important means for researching the occurrence mechanism and the generation condition of the deep-cavern water-inrush and mud-inrush geological disaster, and a corresponding geomechanical model test system is required to be provided for carrying out the geomechanical model test for stabilizing and supporting the deep-cavern surrounding rock under the coupling action of high ground stress and high osmotic pressure. The current research situation of model test systems is as follows:
a three-dimensional physical model permeability test system of a deeply-buried long and long diversion tunnel is introduced in 4 th phase of 2009 in the report of rock mechanics and engineering, an automatic osmotic pressure control water supply system and a discrete floral tube seepage generation system are designed and manufactured, static load simulation of a seepage field is realized, but the system cannot simulate high ground stress true three-dimensional loading of a deep cavern, cannot simulate intelligent excavation and automatic lining cave supporting processes of the cavern, and cannot simulate a temperature effect.
In 2013, the 5 th phase of the book of rock mechanics and engineering, the invention introduces a submarine tunnel fluid-solid coupling model test system, which consists of a steel structure frame, a toughened glass test box and a seepage pressure loading device, can be used for carrying out plane stress and quasi three-dimensional plane strain model tests, but cannot be used for carrying out high-pressure true three-dimensional loading, cannot simulate the intelligent excavation and automatic lining supporting processes of a model cavern, and cannot simulate the temperature effect.
A floor water inrush simulation test system is introduced in 2015, 5 th, of rock mechanics and engineering newspaper, and can simulate the mine floor water inrush evolution process under the fluid-solid coupling condition, but the system cannot realize high ground stress true three-dimensional loading of a deep cavern, cannot simulate the intelligent excavation and automatic lining supporting process of a model cavern, and cannot simulate the temperature effect.
A deep tunnel water inrush simulation three-dimensional model test system is introduced in 2016 (report on rock mechanics and engineering) and developed by taking an indoor triaxial testing machine as a template to realize fluid-solid coupling loading, but a test piece which can be accommodated by the deep tunnel water inrush simulation three-dimensional model test system is small in size, cannot simulate the intelligent excavation and automatic lining supporting process of a model cavern, and cannot simulate the temperature effect.
A fault broken zone tunnel water and mud outburst model test system is introduced in 2017, and is provided with a high-altitude water tank for carrying out seepage pressure loading, but the system cannot carry out seepage pressure automatic loading, cannot carry out high ground stress true three-dimensional loading and simulate the intelligent excavation and automatic lining supporting process of a model cavern, and cannot simulate the temperature effect.
The rock mechanics and engineering science report, increase 2 in 2017, introduces a tunnel water inrush model test system, which can realize water inrush simulation of a karst cave under high ground stress and high osmotic pressure, but the system can only carry out plane strain loading, can not realize true three-dimensional loading of a model test, can not simulate intelligent excavation and automatic lining supporting processes of a model cavern, and can not simulate a temperature effect.
The 'geotechnical engineering journal of academic or vocational study' 2018, 5 th year introduces a hidden karst cave water inrush model test system which can simulate the water inrush process of a karst tunnel, but the system can only carry out plane strain loading and has small loading value, can not simulate the automatic lining supporting and grouting reinforcement process of a model cavern, and can not simulate the temperature effect.
Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2019, introduced a true triaxial geomechanical model test system, which can simulate true three-dimensional loading, but the system cannot perform multi-path osmotic pressure loading, cannot simulate intelligent excavation and automatic lining supporting processes of a model cavern, and cannot simulate temperature effects.
Tunelling and Undergarund Space Technology 2019, volume 94 introduces a fluid-solid coupling model test system, but the system cannot realize high ground stress true three-dimensional loading of deep caverns, cannot simulate intelligent excavation and automatic lining supporting processes of the model caverns, and cannot simulate temperature effects.
In summary, the current domestic and foreign model test system has the following problems:
(1) the model test mainly comprises plane and quasi-three-dimensional loading, and cannot simulate the high ground stress true three-dimensional loading process under the action of multi-field coupling;
(2) the stability and support control and the gushing water evolution process of the surrounding rock of the deep cavern under the multi-field coupling action of high ground stress, high ground temperature and high osmotic pressure water pressure cannot be simulated;
(3) the model test has the technical problems that high-pressure water is difficult to seal and high ground temperature is difficult to apply;
(4) the model test chamber mainly adopts manual excavation, and intelligent excavation and lining support of model chambers with different shapes and sizes are difficult to implement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and develops a true three-dimensional model test system capable of simulating the stability and support control of the surrounding rock of the large buried depth tunnel under the complex multi-field coupling condition.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the system mainly comprises a high-pressure water-seal model test cabin, an embedded high-hydraulic servo loading system, a high-ground-temperature regulating and controlling system, a high-osmotic-water-pressure loading system, a micro TBM intelligent tunneling system, a multi-arm lining system, a self-sealing high-precision testing system and the like.
The high-pressure water sealing model test cabin is used for accommodating a test model body and a high-pressure water body; a high-pressure water body space is formed between the test model body and the inner wall of the high-pressure water sealing model test cabin;
the embedded high hydraulic servo loading system is embedded in the high-pressure water seal model test cabin and provides high ground stress for the test model body;
the high ground temperature regulating and controlling system applies high ground temperature to the test model body;
the high-permeability water pressure loading system is used for carrying out omnibearing high-permeability water pressure loading on the test model body;
the miniature TBM intelligent tunneling system can intelligently excavate model caverns with different shapes and sizes;
the multi-arm lining system is used for lining support and grouting reinforcement after the model cavern is excavated;
the self-sealing high-precision testing system is used for testing multiple physical quantity information such as displacement, stress, osmotic pressure and the like of any position in a model test body.
Furthermore, the high-pressure water seal model test chamber is a sealed space for accommodating a test model body and a high-pressure water body and is formed by assembling six steel high-strength reaction plates. The four high-strength steel reaction plates are precisely welded to form an annular cubic cylinder structure, and the upper high-strength steel reaction plate and the lower high-strength steel reaction plate are connected with the annular cubic cylinder structure in a sealing mode through high-strength bolts.
Furthermore, two sealing grooves are formed in the upper end face and the lower end face of the annular cubic cylinder structure body, and rubber sealing rings are arranged in the sealing grooves.
Furthermore, wiring holes are formed in the periphery of the high-pressure water seal model test chamber.
Furthermore, the embedded high hydraulic servo loading system provides high ground stress for the cavern model and consists of a large-tonnage hydraulic jack, a thruster plate and a pressure servo control center. The large-tonnage hydraulic jack is embedded in the high-pressure water-sealed model test cabin, the thruster is arranged at the front end of a piston rod of the large-tonnage jack and directly acts on the model test body, and the pressure servo control center is used for controlling the pressure of the large-tonnage hydraulic jack.
Furthermore, a flange plate is arranged between the large-tonnage hydraulic jack and the high-pressure water seal model test cabin, a rubber sealing ring is arranged between the flange plate and a steel high-strength reaction plate of the high-pressure water seal model test cabin, and the large-tonnage hydraulic jack, the high-pressure water seal model test cabin and the steel high-strength reaction plate are fixed together by high-strength bolts.
Furthermore, the high-pressure water seal model test chamber is provided with a seal excavation window in the center of the front steel high-strength reaction plate and mainly comprises a steel high-strength cylindrical barrel, a steel seal cover and a steel hollow water retaining shell. The high-strength steel cylinder barrel is welded at the center of the high-strength steel reaction plate in front, the steel sealing cover seals the high-strength steel cylinder barrel through a high-strength bolt and a rubber gasket, and the hollow water retaining shell is connected with the high-strength steel cylinder barrel and inserted into the model test body.
Furthermore, the high ground temperature regulating and controlling system consists of a water heater, a model heater, a temperature control center and a sealing heat insulation plate. The water heater is used for heating the high-pressure water body to a test temperature, the model heater is used for heating the model test body to the test temperature, the temperature control center is used for controlling the water heater and the model heater so as to control the temperatures of the high-pressure water body and the model test body, and the sealing heat insulation plate is used for blocking the heating heat from being dissipated.
Furthermore, the high osmotic water pressure loading system consists of a high pressure water pipe, a water pressure loading device and a water pressure regulating system which are distributed in a multi-section manner. The high-pressure water pipe that the multi-section was laid connects water pressure loading device with high-pressure water seal model test cabin, and water pressure loading device is used for providing the required water pressure of test, and water pressure regulation and control system is used for real-time dynamic input, output water pressure value.
Furthermore, the high-pressure water pipe distributed on the multiple sections penetrates through a wiring hole of the high-pressure water seal model test cabin to be inserted into the test model body.
Furthermore, the water pressure loading device mainly comprises an automatic frequency conversion booster pump, a water tank, a water pressure sensor and a high-pressure water outlet; the automatic frequency conversion booster pump is used for providing a water pressure value required by a test, the water tank is used for bearing a test water body, the water pressure sensor is used for monitoring output water pressure, the high-pressure water outlet is connected with the high-pressure water pipe arranged on multiple sections, and the test water body after being boosted is injected into the high-pressure water seal model test cabin.
Furthermore, the miniature TBM intelligent tunneling system is used for simulating cavern excavation and comprises a tunneling excavation tool bit, a tunneling driving connecting cylinder, a tunneling mover, a tunneling driving jack, a slag-discharging dust remover, a bearing frame, a tunneling control center and the like; the tunneling and excavating tool bit is provided with a rotary cutting blade for cutting and crushing model test body materials and is arranged at the front end of a tunneling driving connecting cylinder, the tail end of the tunneling driving connecting cylinder is fixed on a tunneling shifter and is connected with a tunneling driving jack, the tunneling driving jack pushes the tunneling shifter to move so as to drive the tunneling and excavating tool bit to perform tunneling and moving, an excavating and cutting model material cut by excavating and conveying is adsorbed and conveyed to the outside of a model body by a slag-out dust remover in real time, a bearing frame bears the whole miniature TBM intelligent tunneling system and can be fixed on the outer wall of a high-pressure water-sealed model test cabin, and a tunneling control center controls the.
Furthermore, the multi-arm lining system is used for lining support and grouting after the model cavern is excavated, and comprises a lining injection operation system, a telescopic driver, a support controller, a grouting controller and the like. The lining injection operation system is used for implementing lining support and grouting reinforcement of the cavern, the telescopic driver controls the lining injection operation system to move forwards and backwards, the support controller is used for controlling acting force and speed of the lining support of the lining injection operation system, and the grouting controller is used for controlling grouting pressure and grouting amount of the lining injection operation system during grouting reinforcement.
Furthermore, the lining injection operation system mainly comprises a telescopic thrust block, a grouting pipe and a fixer. The flexible thrust block and the grouting pipe are arranged on the fixer, the flexible thrust block is adhered to the lining segment to push the lining segment to the cavity wall, and the grouting pipe penetrates through the lining segment and is used for injecting reinforcing slurry into a contact gap between the lining segment and the cavity wall.
Furthermore, the self-sealing high-precision testing system consists of a waterproof light-induced displacement sensor, a waterproof osmotic pressure sensor, a waterproof temperature sensor and a data processing center; the waterproof photoinduction displacement sensor penetrates through the high-pressure water-sealed model test cabin and is fixed inside the test model body and used for detecting displacement of any part inside the model test body, the waterproof osmotic pressure sensor is used for detecting osmotic pressure of any part inside the model test body, the waterproof temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the model test body and the high-pressure water body in real time, and the data processing center processes, stores and displays the measured model test data in real time and automatically generates a relevant time course change curve.
The invention has the following remarkable technical advantages:
(1) the hydraulic jack loading device is embedded in the counter-force device, so that the defect that the hydraulic jack loading device of the conventional model test system is completely installed in the counter-force device is overcome, the internal spaces of the counter-force device and a test model are greatly saved, the counter-force device is convenient to install, disassemble and maintain, and the sealing performance of the model counter-force device is better ensured.
(2) The invention can carry out the ultrahigh pressure true three-dimensional simulation test under the multi-field coupling effect, can finely simulate the nonlinear deformation damage and the gushing water evolution process of deep cavern excavation under the multi-field coupling effect of high ground stress, high osmotic pressure and high ground temperature, and solves the technical problem that the existing model test system can only carry out low-pressure uniform loading.
(3) The invention can realize water pressure gradient loading, has large loading quantity value, truly simulates high-pressure groundwater environment, and solves the technical problem that the existing model test can only realize low water head loading.
(4) The invention can finely simulate the intelligent excavation, lining support and grouting process of the model cavern, and solves the problems that the existing model test can only realize manual excavation and manual support and is difficult to realize automatic model grouting reinforcement.
(5) The invention can finely simulate the surrounding rock and lining support synergistic action mechanism and effectively optimize the supporting scheme of the cavern.
(6) The invention has wide application prospect in the aspects of simulating the stability and the support control of surrounding rocks of deep caverns such as water, electricity, traffic, energy, mines and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a high pressure water seal model test chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a high pressure water seal model test chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an inline high hydraulic servo loading system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a sealed excavation window of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a high ground temperature regulation system of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a high osmotic water pressure loading system of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the hydraulic loading unit of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the intelligent micro TBM tunneling system of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a multi-arm lining system of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a side view of the liner handling system of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is an elevation view of the liner handling system of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a self-sealing high-precision testing system of the present invention;
wherein: 1. a high-pressure water-sealed model test cabin, 2 an embedded high-hydraulic servo loading system, 3 a high-ground-temperature regulating and controlling system, 4 a high-osmotic water pressure loading system, 5 a micro TBM intelligent tunneling system, 6 a multi-arm lining system, 7 a self-sealing high-precision testing system, 8 a test model body, 9 a high-pressure water body, 10 a steel high-strength reaction plate, 11 an annular cubic cylinder structure, 12 a high-strength bolt, 13 a sealing groove, 14 a rubber sealing ring, 15 a wiring hole, 16 a large-tonnage hydraulic jack, 17 a thruster plate, 18 a pressure servo control center, 19 a flange plate, 20 a sealed excavation window, 21 a steel high-strength cylinder, 22 a steel sealing cover, 23 a steel hollow water retaining shell, 24 a water body heater, 25 a model heater, 26 a temperature control center, 27 a sealed heat insulation plate, 28 a high-pressure water pipe with multiple sections, 29. the device comprises a hydraulic loading device, 30 parts of a hydraulic pressure regulating system, 31 parts of an automatic frequency conversion booster pump, 32 parts of a water tank, 33 parts of a hydraulic pressure sensor, 34 parts of a high-pressure water outlet, 35 parts of a tunneling and excavating tool bit, 36 parts of a tunneling driving connecting cylinder, 37 parts of a tunneling shifter, 38 parts of a tunneling driving jack, 39 parts of a slag and dust remover, 40 parts of a bearing frame, 41 parts of a tunneling control center, 42 parts of a rotary cutting blade, 43 parts of a lining operation system, 44 parts of a driving connecting cylinder, 45 parts of a guide rail fixing plate, 46 parts of a sliding rail, 47 parts of a telescopic driver, 48 parts of a bearing table, 49 parts of a driving control center, 50 parts of a support controller, 51 parts of a grouting controller, 52 parts of a telescopic thrust block, 53 parts of a grouting pipe, 54 parts of a fixer, 55 parts of a lining segment, 56 parts of a waterproof light-sensitive displacement sensor, 57 parts of a waterproof seepage pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Name interpretation section: the strength of the "high-strength steel sheet" in the present invention is not particularly limited in terms of numerical values as long as the strength required for the test is satisfied.
The miniature of the miniature TBM intelligent tunneling system only represents that the size of the miniature TBM intelligent tunneling system is smaller than that of a large-scale tunneling system, and does not represent that the miniature TBM intelligent tunneling system has specific size limitation.
The high osmotic water pressure in the high osmotic water pressure loading system is not particularly specified to a certain pressure value, is a relative concept, and only needs to meet the pressure intensity required by the test.
The high ground temperature in the high ground temperature regulation and control system is not particularly specified to a certain temperature value, is a relative concept, and can be realized as long as the temperature required by the test is met.
The high pressure in the high-pressure water seal model test chamber is not particularly specified to a certain pressure value, is a relative concept, and only needs to meet the pressure requirement required by the test.
The large tonnage in the large tonnage hydraulic jack is not particularly specified to a certain tonnage, is a relative concept, and can meet the tonnage requirement required by the test.
The term "high" in "high accuracy" in the present invention does not refer to a certain accuracy either, but is a relative concept as long as the accuracy requirement required by the test is satisfied.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the large-buried-depth tunnel surrounding rock stabilization and support control true three-dimensional model test system under the complex multi-field coupling condition mainly comprises a high-pressure water-seal model test cabin 1, an embedded high-hydraulic servo loading system 2, a high ground temperature regulation and control system 3, a high-osmotic water pressure loading system 4, a micro TBM intelligent tunneling system 5, a multi-arm lining system 6, a self-seal high-precision test system 7 and the like.
As shown in fig. 2, the high-pressure water-tight model test chamber 1 is a sealed space for accommodating a test model body 8 and a high-pressure water body 9, and is formed by assembling six steel high-strength reaction plates 10, wherein the steel high-strength reaction plates 10 are made of high-strength steel plates with the thickness of 40mm, the four steel high-strength reaction plates 10 form an annular cubic cylinder structure body 11 through welding, the upper and lower steel high-strength reaction plates 10 are connected with the upper end face and the lower end face of the annular cubic cylinder structure body 11 through high-strength bolts 12 in a sealing manner, and the specific sealing connection manner is as follows: two sealing grooves 13 are respectively arranged on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the annular cubic cylinder structure body 11, and a rubber sealing ring 14 is arranged in each sealing groove 13; further, the seal groove 13 is annular, and the rubber seal ring 14 fitted thereto is also annular.
As shown in fig. 3, wiring holes 15 are formed around the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1, that is, the wiring holes 15 are formed on six steel high-strength reaction plates 10. As shown in fig. 4, the embedded high hydraulic servo loading system 2 provides loading force for the test, and is composed of a large-tonnage hydraulic jack 16, a thruster plate 17 and a pressure servo control center 18. In the embodiment, the maximum applied load of the large-tonnage hydraulic jack 16 is 70MPa, the large-tonnage hydraulic jack is embedded in the high-pressure water-tight model test chamber 1, the thruster plate 17 is installed at the front end of the piston rod of the large-tonnage jack 16 and directly acts on the model test body 8, and the pressure servo control center 18 is used for controlling the pressure of the large-tonnage hydraulic jack 16.
Furthermore, a flange 19 is arranged between the large-tonnage hydraulic jack 16 and the high-pressure water-seal model test cabin 1, a rubber sealing ring 14 is arranged between the flange 19 and the steel high-strength reaction plate 10 of the high-pressure water-seal model test cabin 1, and the three are fixed together by a high-strength bolt 12.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, nine large-tonnage hydraulic jacks 16 (see fig. 2 in specific arrangement form) are respectively embedded in the upper steel high-strength reaction plate 10, the lower steel high-strength reaction plate 10, the left steel high-strength reaction plate 10, the right steel high-strength reaction plate 10 and the rear steel high-strength reaction plate 10, and eight large-tonnage hydraulic jacks 16 are embedded in the front steel high-strength reaction plate 10; a sealed excavation window 20 is arranged at the center of the front steel high-strength reverse plate 10, which is shown in fig. 3.
As shown in fig. 5, the sealed excavation window 20 centrally installed on the steel high-strength reaction plate 10 in front of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1 is mainly composed of a steel high-strength cylinder 21, a steel sealing cover 22 and a steel hollow water retaining shell 23. The steel high-strength cylinder 21 has the same size and shape as those of the excavated cavern, and is horizontally welded at the center of the front steel high-strength reaction plate 10. The steel seal cover 22 is installed on the outer end face of the steel high-strength cylinder 21, and seals the outside of the steel high-strength cylinder 21 through the high-strength bolt 12 and the rubber seal ring 14. The steel hollow water retaining shell 23 is the same as the excavated chamber in size and shape, is connected with the inner end face of the steel high-strength cylindrical tube 21 in the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1 and is inserted into the model test body 8, so that water leakage is avoided during excavation of the chamber.
The outer end face refers to an end face located outside the high-pressure water seal model test chamber 1, and the inner end face refers to an end face located inside the high-pressure water seal model test chamber 1.
As shown in fig. 6, the high ground temperature control system 3 applies test temperature to the test model body 8 and the high pressure water body 9, and is composed of a water body heater 24, a model heater 25, a temperature control center 26 and a sealing heat insulation plate 27. The water heater 24 is arranged in the high-pressure water body 9 and used for heating the high-pressure water body 9 to a test temperature, the model heater 25 is arranged in the model test body 8 and used for heating the model test body 8 to the test temperature, the temperature control center 26 is used for controlling the temperature of the water heater 24 and the model heater 25, and the sealing heat insulation plate 27 is arranged on the inner wall of the high-pressure water sealing model test chamber 1 and used for preventing the heating temperature from being dissipated.
Further, in the present embodiment, a plurality of water heaters 24 may be provided, and are located at different positions of the high-pressure water body; the model heater 25 may be provided in plural, and the model heater is located at different positions of the model test body 8.
As shown in fig. 7, the high osmotic water pressure loading system 4 is used for automatically loading high osmotic water pressure on the test model body 8, and is composed of a high-pressure water pipe 28, a water pressure loading device 29 and a water pressure regulating system 30 which are distributed in multiple sections. The high-pressure water pipes 28 distributed on multiple sections communicate the water pressure loading device 29 with the high-pressure water sealing model test chamber 1, the high-pressure water pipes 28 distributed on multiple sections are divided into 6 independent loading water pipes, wherein one way is arranged above the test model body 1, one way is arranged below the test model body, the side surface of the test model body is divided into four ways, the water pressure gradient loading is realized, and the maximum loading value of each way is 50 MPa. In this embodiment, each high pressure water pipe 28 includes a main high pressure water pipe and a plurality of branch high pressure water pipes, and the main high pressure water pipe is communicated with the branch high pressure water pipes.
The hydraulic loading device 29 is used for providing the water pressure required by the test, and the hydraulic regulation and control system 30 is used for inputting and outputting the pressure value and recording the test data. The high-pressure water pipe 28 distributed in multiple sections passes through the wiring hole 15 of the high-pressure water seal model test chamber 1, and the water outlet end of the water pipe is inserted into the test model body 8. Wherein the osmotic pressure is expressed as sigmawLoading is carried out for gamma h, wherein h is the water level depth and gamma is the water volume weight. And gradient osmotic pressure is formed, so that osmotic pressure loading along with depth change is realized.
As shown in fig. 8, the hydraulic loading device 29 mainly comprises an automatic frequency conversion booster pump 31, a water tank 32, a hydraulic pressure sensor 33 and a high-pressure water outlet 34; the automatic frequency conversion booster pump 31 is used for providing a water pressure value required by a test, the water tank 32 is used for bearing a test water body, the water pressure sensor 33 is used for testing the output water pressure, and the high-pressure water outlet 34 is connected with the high-pressure water pipe 28 distributed with multiple sections and inputs the high-pressure water body 9 into the test model body 8.
As shown in fig. 9, the miniature TBM intelligent tunneling system 5 is used for simulating a TBM tunnel excavation process, and comprises a tunneling excavation tool bit 35, a tunneling driving connecting cylinder 36, a tunneling mover 37, a tunneling driving jack 38, a slag-out dust remover 39, a bearing frame 40 and a tunneling control center 41; the tunneling excavation tool bit 35 is provided with a rotary cutting blade 42 for cutting and crushing the model test body 8 material, the tunneling excavation tool bit 35 is arranged at the front end of a tunneling driving connecting cylinder 36, the tail end of the tunneling driving connecting cylinder 36 is fixed on a tunneling mover 37 and is connected with a tunneling driving jack 38, the tunneling driving jack 38 pushes the tunneling mover 37 to move so as to drive the tunneling excavation tool bit 35 to move in a tunneling mode, a slag-out dust remover 39 adsorbs and conveys the excavated and cut model material to the outside of the model body in real time, a bearing frame 40 bears the whole micro TBM intelligent tunneling system 5 and can be fixed on the outer wall of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1, and a tunneling control center 41 controls the tunneling excavation speed.
As shown in fig. 10, the model multidirectional automatic lining system 6 is used for lining, supporting and grouting reinforcement of a cavern after excavation of a model cavern, and comprises a lining operation system 43, a driving connecting cylinder 44, a guide rail fixing plate 45, a slide rail 46, a telescopic driver 47, a bearing platform 48, a driving control center 49, a supporting controller 50 and a grouting controller 51.
The lining operation system 43 is positioned at the front end of the whole device and used for implementing lining support and grouting reinforcement, the front end of the driving connecting cylinder 44 is connected with the lining operation system 43 to control the construction advancing position, the rear end of the driving connecting cylinder 44 is fixed on a guide rail fixing plate 45, and the guide rail fixing plate 45 is installed on a sliding block of a sliding rail 46; the telescopic driver 47 is connected with the rear end of the guide rail fixing plate 45 and controls the guide rail fixing plate to move forward and backward, so that the lining operation system 43 and the driving connecting cylinder 44 can move forward and backward; the bearing platform 48 is used for bearing the whole system, the driving control center 49 is used for adjusting the expansion amount of the expansion driver 47, the support controller 50 is used for controlling the acting force and the speed of the lining support of the lining operation system 43, and the grouting controller 51 is used for controlling the grouting pressure and the grouting amount of the lining operation system 43 during grouting reinforcement.
Further, the driving connecting cylinder 44 in the embodiment is a rod-shaped structure formed by a multi-section cylinder structure, but it is understood that the driving connecting cylinder 44 may also be formed into an integrated structure without adopting such a multi-section and multi-section form.
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the lining work system 43 is mainly composed of a telescopic pad 52, a grouting pipe 53 and a holder 54. The telescopic thrust block 52 and the grouting pipe 53 are arranged on the fixer 54, the telescopic thrust block 52 is used for bonding the lining segment 55 to push against the cavity wall of the cavity, lining support can be simultaneously carried out in four directions of the cavity, namely the upper direction, the lower direction, the left direction and the right direction, one end of the grouting pipe 53 is connected with the grouting controller 51, and the other end of the grouting pipe passes through the lining segment 55 and is used for injecting reinforcing slurry into a contact gap between the lining segment 55 and the cavity wall. The grouting pipes 53 comprise a plurality of paths, which correspond to different lining segments 55 respectively, and one grouting pipe 53 is arranged on one lining segment 55.
In this embodiment, each group of lining segments 55 includes four lining segments 55, four lining segments 55 enclose an annular structure, the holder 54 is located at the center of the annular structure, and the four lining segments 55 are connected to the holder 54 through the four telescopic thrust blocks 52. The four lining segments 55 are identical in construction, see in particular fig. 12.
As shown in fig. 13, the highly sealed model test system 7 is composed of a waterproof light-induced displacement sensor 56, a waterproof osmotic pressure sensor 57, a waterproof temperature sensor 58 and a data processing center 59; the waterproof photoinduction displacement sensor 56 penetrates through the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1 and is fixed inside the model test body 8 and used for detecting displacement of any position inside a model material, the waterproof osmotic pressure sensor 57 is used for detecting osmotic pressure of any position inside the model test body 8, the waterproof temperature sensor 58 is used for detecting real-time temperatures of the model test body 8 and the high-pressure water body 9 inside the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber 1, and the data processing center 59 processes, stores and displays the measured model test data in real time and automatically generates a relevant time-course change curve.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The test system for the large-buried-depth tunnel surrounding rock stabilization and support model under the complex condition is characterized by mainly comprising a high-pressure water-seal model test cabin, an embedded high-hydraulic servo loading system, a high-ground-temperature regulation and control system, a high-osmotic-water-pressure loading system, a miniature TBM intelligent tunneling system, a multi-arm lining system and a self-sealing high-precision test system;
the inside of the high-pressure water sealing model test cabin is used for accommodating a test model body and a high-pressure water body, and a high-pressure water body space is formed between the test model body and the inner wall of the high-pressure water sealing model test cabin;
the embedded high hydraulic servo loading system is embedded in the high-pressure water seal model test cabin and provides high ground stress for the test model body;
the high ground temperature regulating and controlling system applies test temperature to the test model body and the high-pressure water body;
the high-permeability water pressure loading system is used for carrying out omnibearing high-permeability water pressure loading on the test model body;
the miniature TBM intelligent tunneling system is used for intelligently excavating model caverns with different shapes and sizes;
the multi-arm lining system is used for lining support and grouting reinforcement after the model cavern is excavated;
the multi-arm lining system comprises a lining injection operation system, a telescopic driver, a support controller and a grouting controller;
the self-sealing high-precision test system is used for testing the displacement, stress and osmotic pressure of any part in a model test body.
2. The system for testing the stability and support model of the surrounding rock of the large buried deep tunnel under the complex condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber is assembled by six high-strength steel reaction plates, wherein four high-strength steel reaction plates are welded to form an annular cubic cylinder structure, and the other two high-strength steel reaction plates are hermetically connected with the annular cubic cylinder structure through high-strength bolts.
3. The system for testing the stability and support model of the surrounding rock of the large buried deep tunnel under the complicated conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein a sealed excavation window is installed at the center of the steel high-strength reaction plate in front of the high-pressure water-sealed model test chamber.
4. The test system for the stability and support model of the surrounding rock of the large buried deep tunnel under the complex condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high ground temperature regulation and control system consists of a water heater, a model heater, a temperature control center and a sealing heat insulation plate; the water heater is arranged in the high-pressure water body and is used for heating the high-pressure water body to a test temperature; the model heater is positioned in the test model body and heats the test model body to a test temperature; the temperature control center is connected with the water body heater and the model heater and is used for controlling the temperature of the water body heater and the temperature of the model heater; the sealing heat insulation plate is positioned in the high-pressure water sealing model test cabin and used for blocking heating heat from being dissipated outwards.
5. The test system for the stability and support model of the surrounding rock of the large buried deep tunnel under the complex condition as recited in claim 1, wherein the high-permeability water pressure loading system consists of a high-pressure water pipe, a water pressure loading device and a water pressure regulating system which are distributed in a multi-section way; the high-pressure water pipe penetrates through the high-pressure water seal model test cabin and is inserted into a corresponding position inside the model test body, the water pressure loading device is connected with the high-pressure water pipe to provide high water pressure required by the test, and the water pressure regulating and controlling system is connected with the water pressure loading device and is used for dynamically inputting and outputting water pressure values in real time.
6. The test system for the stability and support model of the surrounding rock of the large buried deep tunnel under the complex condition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the water pressure loading device mainly comprises an automatic frequency conversion booster pump, a water tank, a water pressure sensor and a high-pressure water outlet; the automatic frequency conversion booster pump is used for providing a water pressure value required by a test, the water tank is used for bearing a test water body, the water pressure sensor is used for monitoring output water pressure, the high-pressure water outlet is connected with the high-pressure water pipe arranged on multiple sections, and the test water body after being boosted is injected into the high-pressure water seal model test cabin.
7. The test system for the stability and support model of the surrounding rock of the large buried deep tunnel under the complex condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lining operation system is used for implementing lining support and grouting reinforcement of the cavern, the telescopic driver is used for controlling the lining operation system to advance and retreat, the support controller is used for controlling the acting force and the speed of the lining support of the lining operation system, and the grouting controller is used for controlling the grouting pressure and the grouting amount of the lining operation system during grouting reinforcement.
8. The test system for the stability and support model of the surrounding rock of the large buried deep tunnel under the complex condition as recited in claim 7, wherein the lining operation system mainly comprises a telescopic thrust block, a grouting pipe and a fixer; the flexible thrust block and the grouting pipe are arranged on the fixer, the flexible thrust block is adhered to the lining segment to push the lining segment to the cavity wall, and the grouting pipe penetrates through the lining segment and is used for injecting reinforcing slurry into a contact gap between the lining segment and the cavity wall.
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| CN202010042958.2A CN111208015B (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | Large buried depth tunnel surrounding rock stabilization and support model test system under complex condition |
| AU2020277201A AU2020277201B1 (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-16 | Model test system for stability and support of surrounding rock of deeply buried tunnel under complex conditions |
| PCT/CN2020/072343 WO2021142683A1 (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-16 | Stabilization and support model test system for surrounding rock of large, buried, and deep tunnel under complex conditions |
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| CN202010042958.2A CN111208015B (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | Large buried depth tunnel surrounding rock stabilization and support model test system under complex condition |
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| CN111650365B (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2021-05-07 | 清华大学 | Intelligent grouting multifunctional test device |
| CN112414915B (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-07-29 | 山东大学 | Test system and method for simulating tunnel excavation seepage change under complex geological conditions |
| CN113686603B (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-10-13 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Combined bearing simulation test method for surrounding rock and lining structure of deep-buried tunnel |
| CN114199686B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2024-05-14 | 中交特种工程有限公司 | Model test device and method for operating highway tunnel lining disease evolution law |
| CN114563278A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-05-31 | 中山大学 | Novel tunnel three-dimensional model loading device and test method |
| CN115096710A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-09-23 | 临沂大学 | Near-hidden karst cave tunnel excavation surrounding rock crack evolution and water inrush catastrophe experiment system |
| CN115453084A (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2022-12-09 | 山东大学 | Multi-field coupling device capable of realizing sensing and applying of force and heat flow of partitions and test method |
| CN115436167A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-12-06 | 山东大学 | Operating tunnel surrounding rock-lining long-term interaction simulation test device and method |
| CN117419943B (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-04-05 | 武汉理工大学三亚科教创新园 | Ocean underground space model test device and method |
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