CN105865930A - Test device for realizing loading and unloading of different stress paths in rock holes - Google Patents
Test device for realizing loading and unloading of different stress paths in rock holes Download PDFInfo
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- CN105865930A CN105865930A CN201610220535.9A CN201610220535A CN105865930A CN 105865930 A CN105865930 A CN 105865930A CN 201610220535 A CN201610220535 A CN 201610220535A CN 105865930 A CN105865930 A CN 105865930A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a test device for realizing loading and unloading of different stress paths in rock holes. The test device comprises an electro-hydraulic servo loading/unloading system and an inner-hole loading/unloading executing mechanism, wherein the electro-hydraulic servo loading/unloading system comprises an oil tank, a hydraulic pump station, an electric control pressure adjusting system, a three-position four-way electro-hydraulic directional control valve, a pressurization system, a speed-adjusting unloading system, a high pressure pipeline and a control host machine; the inner-hole loading/unloading executing mechanism is formed by assembling a hydraulic pressure bag, an inner-outer lock, a pressing nut, an L-shaped elbow, a joint, a rigid pressing plate with a U-shaped slot and a supporting block. The test device has a compact structure, is suitable for rock true triaxial and conventional triaxial tester, can be used for loading/unloading central holes of the rock sample, wherein the hole depths are 1 to 1.5 times of the length of the hydraulic pressure bag and the cross sections are circular, oval, square and arc, can be used for realizing the quick uniform loading of multiple stress paths in rock holes and the quick synchronous reconstruction of the stress gradient at each point in the rock sample and also can be used for preventing the hydraulic oil from invading the rock sample and influencing the mechanical property.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rock test device, be specifically related to one and realize in rock pore not
The assay device of off-load is added, it is adaptable to the heavily stressed hard rock in physical modeling deep excavates with stress path
The dynamic response process of off-load.
Background technology
Along with the increase day by day of mineral resources demand is provided by the national economic development with superficial part mineral products
Constantly exhausting of source, rock exploitation in ore deposit is increasingly turned to deep with underground chamber excavation.Owing to deep is high
Crustal stress and the strong existence excavating off-load disturbance, relate to the deformation of deep excavation project country rock, break
Bad and unstability etc. excavates response problem, and such as rock burst, subregion rupture, extrude large deformation, plate
The disaster such as split to get more and more.Being in the superficial part rock mass under stress condition lower, it excavates response
Depend primarily on excavated section shape and size and initial field stress size and composition, by excavation side
The impact of method and digging process is less, so its excavation is considered as a quasistatic process.So
And it being in the deep rock mass under high-ground stress, its excavation off-load response is a dynamic process.?
Before excavation, deep rock mass internal reservoir has substantial amounts of elastic strain energy, and digging process Elastic strains
Can discharge by occurrence dynamics, and its release process is affected relatively by excavation method and digging process
Greatly.It is true that the excavation off-load disturbance of deep rock mass mainly shows themselves in that 1. near excavation face
Stresses re-distribution process and high stress gradients occur, produces stress and concentrate, form Excavation damage zone；
2. due to the existence in higher curvature unloading stress path, evoke one at work surface and propagate to rock mass deep
Off-load tensile wave, wave surface, through place, radially produces off-load lax, stress collection tangentially occurs
In.Therefore, high stress gradients and higher curvature unloading stress path are that deep rock mass excavation off-load rings
The intrinsic factor answered, its process depends primarily on initial field stress size and composition, excavation method
And digging process.The stress gradient that initial field stress decides after deep rock mass excavates in country rock is divided
Cloth.Different excavation methods and the corresponding different unloading stress path of digging process.Drilling and blasting method and
The most corresponding different unloding speed of mechanical equivalent of light excavation method, drilling and blasting method can be regarded strong off-load transient state as and open
Dig, and mechanical equivalent of light excavation unloding speed is less, can regard quasistatic process as.Different digging process
The most corresponding different unloading stress path, surrouding rock stress change performance when tunneling boring once excavates
For linear off-load path, when repeatedly excavating surrouding rock stress change then show as the slowest after fast or
Non-linear off-load path first quick and back slow.Thus rock excavation under the large ground pressure of simulation deep
Off-load response process, carries out containing hole rock in three axle external pressures (including axial compression and confined pressure) and hole
Various stress path unloader test in hole under interior Hydraulic coupling contractive condition, to understanding deep rock
Body excavation failure mechanism, prevents and treats the engineering project disaster of excavation disturbance induction, instructs deep rock engineering
Excavation and supporting, and the induced fracture of carrying out hard ore deposit, deep rock non-pop adopt have important
Theory and using value.
At present, it is possible to achieve different stress paths add the rock indoor assay device of off-load mainly
Material Testing Machine based on electrohydraulic servo system, particularly rock triaxial test machine, can realize many
The different stress paths in individual direction add off-load, but can not form controlled stress ladder in rock
Degree, and it is difficult to quick many stress paths off-load.Existing rock material testing machine can reproduce
The mechanical process of excavation project country rock local sillar, but the stress being difficult to simulate country rock overall heavily divides
Cloth process, is i.e. difficult to reproduce rock sample unloading stress path on time dimension and space dimension simultaneously
Stress gradient on degree.Existing rock interior hydraulic loading device is by the liquid such as hydraulic oil or water
Pressure medium directly and rock lumen contact, hydraulic medium easily invade because of high pressure blowhole or
In crack, thus weaken rock mechanics, and hydraulic medium easily adds with external pressure from rock
Spill at the contact surface of mounted mechanism, it is difficult to seal.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to be to provide a kind of compact conformation, automatization's journey
Degree is high, measure accurately, hole can be realized in the uniformly strong off-load of many stress paths, there is stress gradient
The different stress paths in rock pore that realize of re-configurability add the assay device of off-load.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, what the present invention provided realizes difference stress roads in rock pore
Footpath adds the assay device of off-load, unloads pressure actuator and electro-hydraulic servo adds off-load system including adding in hole
System；
Add off-load actuator in described hole to include: hydraulic bag is connected with described hydraulic bag
" L " type bend pipe, connect described in " L " type bend pipe and described electro-hydraulic servo add off-load system
The joint of system outlet, have Rigid Plates Under Compression that " U " type groove passes through for described " L " type bend pipe,
And " L " type bend pipe described in filling and the bracer in space between rock sample end face；Described liquid
Pressure capsule is inserted in the hole containing hole rock sample of the center, is in close contact with hole wall, described hydraulic bag
Tail end ebonite cushion block carries out liner；
Described electro-hydraulic servo adds the hydraulic pump that Load Relief System includes that fuel tank, import are connected with fuel tank
Stand and the automatically controlled voltage-regulating system of hydraulic power unit outlet and 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve and
3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve be connected pressure charging system and adjustable speed depressurized system, connect each several part
High pressure line and control main frame；Described pressure charging system and adjustable speed depressurized system are with described
Joint connect；Described control main frame and automatically controlled voltage-regulating system, 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve,
Pressure charging system is connected with the control end communication of adjustable speed depressurized system.
Square rock sample and cylindrical rock sample are processed into respectively containing hole rock sample in described center, and just
Property pressing plate is respectively square Rigid Plates Under Compression and Circular Rigid pressing plate.
" L " type bend pipe that the described hydraulic bag described in the insertion of " L " type bend pipe is interior and described
End is provided with internal locking, described " L " type bend pipe is provided with and is pressed in described hydraulic bag opening
Outer outer locking, interior outer locking and cyst wall are compressed the clamp nut preventing hydraulic oil from revealing.
Described automatically controlled voltage-regulating system is realized by type pilot ratio solenoid electric valve；Described
Pressure charging system include pressurized cylinder, two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve, pressure regulator valve, without spring fluid-control one-way
Valve and check valve；Described adjustable speed depressurized system is connected by two-position two-way solenoid valve and flow speed control valve
Composition；The outlet of described hydraulic power unit is by the type pilot described in described high pressure line connection
The entrance of ratio solenoid electric valve and an entrance of described 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve, institute
The outlet of the type pilot ratio solenoid electric valve stated is connected with described fuel tank, described three four
One outlet of logical electro-hydraulic reversing valve and the entrance of pressure regulator valve and described hydraulic control one-way valve without spring
Entrance connect, the outlet of described pressure regulator valve and the one of described two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve
Individual entrance connects, an outlet and the described pressurized cylinder of described two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve
One driving oil cylinder connect, described pressurized cylinder another drive oil cylinder with described two
Another entrance of four-way electromagnetic reversing valve connects, described two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve another
One outlet is connected with described fuel tank, a pressurizing cylinder of described pressurized cylinder and driving oil
Cylinder is connected with described hydraulic bag by described check valve, and another of described pressurized cylinder increases
Compressing cylinder and drive oil cylinder going out by described check valve and described hydraulic control one-way valve without spring
Mouth connects；Described 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve another outlet respectively with described speed governing
The outlet of valve and the control end of described hydraulic control one-way valve without spring connect, entering of described flow speed control valve
Mouth is connected with an interface of described two-position two-way solenoid valve, described two-position two-way solenoid valve
Another interface be connected with described hydraulic bag.
The different stress paths in rock pore that realize using technique scheme add the test of off-load
Device, hydraulic bag is inserted in the hole containing hole rock sample of the center, is in close contact with hole wall, hydraulic pressure
Capsule tail end ebonite cushion block carries out liner；Try corresponding to rock true triaxial test machine and normal triaxial
Testing machine, square rock sample and cylindrical rock sample, and rigidity are processed into respectively containing hole rock sample in center
Pressing plate is respectively square Rigid Plates Under Compression and Circular Rigid pressing plate；Various add off-load path be a plurality of not
The same longitudinal axis represents the curve of hydraulic pressure, horizontal axis representing time, and every curve is by one section of load path
Being formed by connecting with one section of off-load path, wherein off-load path is respectively high-speed line according to test demand
Property off-load path, at a high speed under convex non-linear off-load path, high speed epirelief non-linear off-load path,
Convex non-linear off-load path and secondary high speed epirelief non-thread under secondary high-speed linear off-load path, secondary high speed
Property off-load path.
Hydraulic bag can be 1 times of circular cross-section to 1.5 times of hydraulic bag length, ellipse to hole depth
The rock sample center hole of the shapes such as shape, square, arch uniformly adds release；And hydraulic bag
Hydraulic oil can be avoided directly to contact with hole wall and invade rock sample and affect its mechanical characteristic.
Add in hole after off-load actuator is worked good with center rock sample Han hole and put into rock in the lump
In the LOADED CAVITY of three-axis tester, then add Load Relief System with described electro-hydraulic servo and be connected, enter
The strong off-load of various stress path in hole under Hydraulic coupling contractive condition in row three axle external pressure and hole
Test, realizes the Fast synchronization reconstruct of each point stress gradient in rock sample with unloading process.
Control main frame and automatically controlled voltage-regulating system, 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve, pressure charging system and can
Speed governing depressurized system is connected, and is used for subsystems is monitored and controlled, it is achieved by default many
Sample adds off-load path and to adding in hole, pressure transmission is unloaded pressure actuator.
The through rock sample of rock sample center hole, hole axis overlaps with rock sample end face axis.
The center having inserted hydraulic bag and Rigid Plates Under Compression close contact contains the described rock sample of hole,
Rock true triaxial test machine or normal triaxial is put into after off-load actuator assembles with adding in hole
Test in the LOADED CAVITY of testing machine.
Corresponding to the square rock needed for rock true triaxial test machine and ordinary triaxial test machine difference
Sample and cylindrical rock sample, described Rigid Plates Under Compression is respectively square and circular；
Hydraulic bag tail end ebonite cushion block carries out liner, prevent hydraulic bag under the conditions of high pressure from
Between rock sample and testing machine LOADED CAVITY, micro gap is extruded and rupture.
The invention have the advantages that
(1), compact conformation
Electro-hydraulic servo is added the hydraulic pressure stepless action of Load Relief System output by this device by hydraulic bag
On hole wall, for " L " type bend pipe and interior outer locking, the clamp nut etc. of hydraulic oil turnover
Potted component is placed on after assembling in " U " type groove of Rigid Plates Under Compression in the lump, " U " type groove with
Space between rock sample is filled by a bracer and is ensured that Rigid Plates Under Compression can be by external pressure Transmit evenly
To rock sample surface, whole apparatus structure is compact.
(2), strong adaptability
As long as Rigid Plates Under Compression is processed into square or circle by this device, to be just applicable to rock true
Three-axis tester or ordinary triaxial test machine；Hydraulic bag has good elasticity, flexibility and prolongs
Malleability, can be that 1 times of rock sample center hole to 1.5 times of hydraulic bag length adds to hole depth
Release, as long as and adjusting in the shape of outer locking just can make hole and add off-load actuator and be applicable to
The hole of the shapes such as circular cross-section, ellipse, square, arch.
(3), good airproof performance
This device passes through hydraulic bag by hydraulic action on hole wall, and hydraulic bag has well itself
Air-tightness, can avoid hydraulic oil to contact with hole wall and invade rock sample and affect its mechanical characteristic, simultaneously
Hydraulic bag opening part is sealed by interior outer locking and clamp nut, and hydraulic oil can be avoided to let out
Dew, whole device good airproof performance.
(4) many stress paths Quick uniform off-load in hole, can be realized
This device adds Load Relief System by electro-hydraulic servo and hole wall adds off-load, and configures
Have independent can the depressurized system of dynamic online speed governing, it is possible to realize rock pore internal linear and non-thread
The many stress paths of property add unloading process, particularly can realize the quick relief of 60MPa/s；
It addition, this device is by flexibility, well hydraulic bag is by hydraulic action in hole wall, and hole wall is each
Place pressure experienced is consistent, it is ensured that whole hole wall uniformly add off-load.
(5) each point stress gradient Fast synchronization reconstruct in rock sample, can be realized
The loading of rock triaxial test machine put into by this device and center rock sample Han hole after working good
Intracavity, various stress path in the hole carried out in three axle external pressures and hole under Hydraulic coupling contractive condition
Strong unloader test, can realize the Fast synchronization weight of each point stress gradient in rock sample with unloading process
Structure, thus Rock Mass Unloading response process under the large ground pressure of physical modeling deep.
In sum, the present invention be a kind of ensureing that apparatus structure is compact, automaticity is high,
On the premise of measuring accurately, it is possible to realize the uniformly strong off-load of many stress paths, there is stress simultaneously
The different stress paths in rock pore that realize of gradient Fast synchronization re-configurability add the test of off-load
Device, the stresses re-distribution process overall to simulate deep excavation project country rock, reproduce the most simultaneously
Rock sample unloading stress path on time dimension and the stress gradient on Spatial Dimension.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the electro-hydraulic servo of the present invention adds Load Relief System structural representation.
Fig. 2 be the present invention hole in add and unload pressure actuator sectional view.
Fig. 3 be the present invention hole in add off-load actuator top view.
Fig. 4 is the various off-load path schematic diagram achieved by the present invention.
In figure: 1 fuel tank；2 hydraulic power units；3 type pilot ratio solenoid electric valves；4—
Automatically controlled voltage-regulating system；5 high pressure lines；6 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valves；7 pressure regulator valves；
8 two-position four-way solenoid directional control valves；9 pressure charging systems；10 pressurized cylinders；11 check valves；
12 without spring hydraulic control one-way valve；13 flow speed control valves；14 adjustable speed depressurized systems；15 2
Two-way electromagnetic valve；16 hydraulic bags；17 control main frame；18 add unloading stress path；19
Center rock sample Han hole；20 internal lockings；21 outer locking；22 clamp nuts；23—
" L " type bend pipe；24 joints；25 " U " type groove；26 Rigid Plates Under Compressions；27 support
Block；28 ebonite cushion blocks；29 square Rigid Plates Under Compressions；30 Circular Rigid pressing plates；31 add
Carry path；32 high-speed linear off-load paths；Convex non-linear off-load path under 33 high speeds；34
High speed epirelief non-linear off-load path；35 high-speed linear off-load paths；36 high speeds
Under convex non-linear off-load path；37 high speed epirelief non-linear off-load paths.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of realize different stress paths in rock pore and add the assay device of off-load, including Fig. 1 institute
The electro-hydraulic servo shown adds in adding the hole shown in Load Relief System and Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and unloads pressure actuator.
Add off-load actuator in described hole to include: hydraulic bag 16, insert in hydraulic bag 16
Internal locking 20, the outer locking 21 being pressed in outside hydraulic bag 16 opening, by interior outer locking and cyst wall
Compress and prevent clamp nut 22 that hydraulic oil reveals, " L " type bend pipe 23, connection " L " type curved
Pipe 23 and electro-hydraulic servo add the joint 24 of Load Relief System outlet, have " U " type groove 25 for " L "
Rigid Plates Under Compression 26 that type bend pipe 23 passes through and fill " L " type bend pipe 23 and rock sample end face
Between the bracer 27 in space；In " L " type bend pipe 23 inserts hydraulic bag 16 and " L " type bend pipe
The end of 23 is provided with internal locking 20, " L " type bend pipe 23 is provided with and is pressed in hydraulic bag 16 opening
Outer outer locking 21, interior outer locking and cyst wall are compressed the clamp nut preventing hydraulic oil from revealing
22.Described hydraulic bag 16 is inserted in the hole containing hole rock sample 19 of the center, closely connects with hole wall
Touching, hydraulic bag 16 tail end ebonite cushion block 28 carries out liner.Corresponding to rock true triaxial test
Machine and ordinary triaxial test machine, square rock sample is processed into respectively containing hole rock sample 19 in described center
With cylindrical rock sample, and Rigid Plates Under Compression is respectively square Rigid Plates Under Compression 29 and Circular Rigid pressure
Plate 30；
Electro-hydraulic servo adds the hydraulic power unit that Load Relief System includes that fuel tank 1, import are connected with fuel tank 1
2 and the automatically controlled voltage-regulating system 4 of hydraulic power unit 2 outlet and 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 6,
The pressure charging system 9 being connected with 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 6 and adjustable speed depressurized system 14, company
Connect the high pressure line 5 of each several part and control main frame 17；Described automatically controlled voltage-regulating system 4 passes through
Type pilot ratio solenoid electric valve 3 realizes；Described pressure charging system 9 include pressurized cylinder 10,
Two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve 8, pressure regulator valve 7, without spring hydraulic control one-way valve 12 and check valve 11；
Described adjustable speed depressurized system 14 is by two-position two-way solenoid valve 15 and flow speed control valve 13 connection group
Become；The outlet of hydraulic power unit 2 connects type pilot ratio solenoid electric valve 3 by high pressure line 5
Entrance and an entrance of 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 6, type pilot ratio solenoid electric valve
The outlet of 3 is connected with fuel tank 1, an outlet of 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 6 and pressure regulator valve
The entrance of 7 and the entrance without spring hydraulic control one-way valve 12 connect, the outlet of pressure regulator valve 7 and two four
One entrance of electric change valve 8 connects, an outlet of two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve 8
Being connected with a driving oil cylinder of pressurized cylinder 10, another of pressurized cylinder 10 drives oil cylinder and two
Another entrance of position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve 8 connects, two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve 8 another
One outlet is connected with fuel tank 1, and a pressurizing cylinder of pressurized cylinder 10 and driving oil cylinder pass through
Check valve 11 is connected with hydraulic bag 16, another pressurizing cylinder of pressurized cylinder 10 and driving oil
Cylinder is connected with the outlet without spring hydraulic control one-way valve 12 by check valve 11；3-position 4-way is electro-hydraulic to be changed
To another outlet of valve 6 respectively with the outlet of flow speed control valve 13 and without spring hydraulic control one-way valve 12
Controlling end to connect, 15 1 interfaces of the entrance of flow speed control valve 13 and two-position two-way solenoid valve are connected,
Another interface of two-position two-way solenoid valve 15 is connected with hydraulic bag 16.
Control main frame 17 and automatically controlled voltage-regulating system 4,3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 6, supercharging system
System 9 is connected with the control end communication of adjustable speed depressurized system 14, monitors whole electro-hydraulic servo and adds
Load Relief System, various adds off-load path 18 by pressure transmission to adding release in hole by default
Actuator.
Various off-load path 18 that adds is that a plurality of different longitudinal axis represents hydraulic pressure P, horizontal axis representing time
The curve of t；Every described curve is by one section of load path 31 and one section of off-load path connection
Become；Described off-load path is respectively under high-speed linear off-load path 32, high speed according to test demand
Convex non-linear off-load path 33, high speed epirelief non-linear off-load path 34, secondary high-speed linear unload
Convex non-linear off-load path 36 and the secondary non-linear off-load of high speed epirelief under lotus path 35, secondary high speed
Path 37.
The work process of the present invention:
(1), machining center contains hole rock sample 19, corresponding to rock true triaxial test machine and conventional three
Shaft experiment machine rock sample is respectively necessary for being processed into square rock sample and cylindrical rock sample, rock sample size according to
The LOADED CAVITY size of testing machine determines, rock sample center hole can be processed into circular cross-section, ellipse
The column type hole of the shapes such as circular, square, arch；
(2), add off-load actuator, by internal locking 20 by hydraulic bag 16 front end in pilot hole
Circular open puts into hydraulic bag 16, and clamp nut 22 is threaded to the short of " L " type bend pipe 23
On arm end screw thread, the galianconism end then outer locking 21 overlapped to " L " type bend pipe 23 is placed in pressure
Below jack panel 22, then the galianconism end of " L " type bend pipe 23 is threaded in hydraulic bag 16
Internal locking 20, fixes tight by interior outer locking and cyst wall by screwing clamp nut 22 and ensures good
Good sealing and barotolerance, then put into rigidity pressure by " L " the type bend pipe 23 connected
In " U " type groove 25 of plate 26, then with a bracer 27 by groove internal pore filling, finally will
Joint 24 is threaded on the long arm end screw thread of " L " type bend pipe 23, so far adds off-load in hole and performs
The assembly work of mechanism completes；
, extruding hydraulic bag 16 discharge inner air, then will add off-load actuator in hole
Joint 24 put in hydraulic oil, extruding hydraulic bag 16 makes it internal be full of hydraulic oil repeatedly；
(4), in the hole that will assemble, add the hydraulic bag 16 of off-load actuator, internal locking 20 and
Outer locking 21 is placed in the center hole of rock sample 19 in the lump, put to outer locking 21 end face with
Stop after rock sample end face is concordant, carry out liner at hydraulic bag 16 tail end ebonite cushion block 28, anti-
Only hydraulic bag 16 squeezes under the conditions of high pressure from micro gap between rock sample and testing machine LOADED CAVITY
Go out and rupture；
(5), connecting electro-hydraulic servo adds Load Relief System, successively by fuel tank 1, hydraulic power unit 2, elder generation
Conductivity type ratio solenoid electric valve 3,3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 6, pressure regulator valve 7, two-position four-way
Solenoid directional control valve 8, pressurized cylinder 10, check valve 11, without spring hydraulic control one-way valve 12, flow speed control valve
13, the Hydraulic Elements such as two-position two-way solenoid valve 15 are attached by high pressure line 5, and will
Control main frame 17 and automatically controlled voltage-regulating system 4, pressure charging system 9, adjustable speed depressurized system 14 and
3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 6 connects, and is used for monitoring whole electro-hydraulic servo and adds Load Relief System, from
And various add off-load path 18 by preset pressure transmission is unloaded pressure actuator to adding in hole,
In realizing rock pore, electro-hydraulic servo adds off-load；
(6) add in, electro-hydraulic servo is added Load Relief System and hole and unload the joint 24 of pressure actuator and enter
Row connection, makes the hydraulic oil with hydraulic pressure information can pass through " L " type bend pipe 23 liquid in-out
Pressure capsule 16, and can be by hydraulic pressure stepless action in rock sample hole wall；
(7), unload pressure actuator be placed into rock three axle in the lump by adding in the rock sample assembled and hole
Proceed by the LOADED CAVITY of testing machine center containing hole rock sample three axle external pressures (include axial compression and
Confined pressure) and hole in various stress path unloader test in hole under Hydraulic coupling contractive condition；
(8), as a example by test on ordinary triaxial test machine, first process of the test loads axial compression
Fixing adding off-load actuator in rock sample and hole to 5MPa, then loading confined pressure is to 5MPa,
Then by country rock and intrinsic pressure P all it is loaded onto by linear loading path 31 with same loading speedr,
Axial compression is loaded onto Pz, Pz>Pr, press the most respectively under high-speed linear off-load path 32, high speed
Convex non-linear off-load path 33, high speed epirelief non-linear off-load path 34, secondary high-speed linear unload
Convex non-linear off-load path 36, the secondary non-linear off-load of high speed epirelief under lotus path 35, secondary high speed
Path such as off-load such as grade, path 37 is by intrinsic pressure unloading, and research unloding speed and off-load path are to rock pore
The impact of interior off-load response；Control different axial compression PzWith confined pressure PrRepeat above-mentioned unloading process
Again by intrinsic pressure unloading, research external pressure is on the impact of off-load response in rock pore；
(9), change rock sample center hole section configuration and size carries out adding unloader test again, research
Off-load in rock pore is rung by the excavation shape such as circular, oval, square, arch and excavation size
The impact answered；
, change rock sample center hole the degree of depth, research excavation scope or excavation length to rock
The impact of off-load response in stone hole.
Claims (4)
1. in realizing rock pore, different stress paths add an assay device for off-load, its feature
It is: add in including hole and unload pressure actuator and electro-hydraulic servo adds Load Relief System；
Add off-load actuator in described hole to include: hydraulic bag (16) and described hydraulic bag
(16) " L " type bend pipe (23) of connecting, connect described in " L " type bend pipe (23) and described
Electro-hydraulic servo adds the joint (24) of Load Relief System outlet, has " U " type groove (25) for described
Rigid Plates Under Compression (26) that " L " type bend pipe (23) passes through and " L " the type bend pipe described in filling
(23) bracer (27) in space and between rock sample end face；Described hydraulic bag (16) center of inserting contains
In the hole of hole rock sample (19), being in close contact with hole wall, described hydraulic bag (16) tail end is used
Ebonite cushion block (28) carries out liner；
Described electro-hydraulic servo adds Load Relief System and includes that fuel tank (1), import are connected with fuel tank (1)
Hydraulic power unit (2) and the automatically controlled voltage-regulating system (4) of described hydraulic power unit (2) outlet and
The increasing that 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve (6) is connected with described 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve (6)
Pressure system (9) and adjustable speed depressurized system (14), the high pressure line (5) connecting each several part and control
Main frame processed (17)；Described pressure charging system (9) and adjustable speed depressurized system (14) connect with described
Head (24) connects；Described control main frame (17) and described automatically controlled voltage-regulating system (4), described
3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve (6), described pressure charging system (9) and described adjustable speed release
The control end communication of system (14) is connected.
The most according to claim 1 realize different stress paths in rock pore and add off-load
Assay device, is characterized in that: (19) on hole rock sample, described center are processed into square rock respectively
Sample and cylindrical rock sample, and described Rigid Plates Under Compression (26) respectively square Rigid Plates Under Compression (29)
With Circular Rigid pressing plate (30).
The most according to claim 1 and 2 realize different stress paths in rock pore and add and unload
The assay device of lotus, is characterized in that: the described hydraulic pressure described in " L " type bend pipe (23) insertion
In capsule (16) and the end of described " L " type bend pipe (23) is provided with internal locking (20), described
" L " type bend pipe (23) be provided be pressed in outside described hydraulic bag (16) opening outer locking (21),
Inside and outside locking and cyst wall are compressed the clamp nut (22) preventing hydraulic oil from revealing.
The most according to claim 1 and 2 realize different stress paths in rock pore and add and unload
The assay device of lotus, is characterized in that: described automatically controlled voltage-regulating system (4) passes through type pilot ratio
Solenoid electric valve (3) realizes；Described pressure charging system (9) include pressurized cylinder (10), two four
Electric change valve (8), pressure regulator valve (7), without spring hydraulic control one-way valve (12) and check valve (11)；
Described adjustable speed depressurized system (14) is connected by two-position two-way solenoid valve (15) and flow speed control valve (13)
Connect composition；The outlet of described hydraulic power unit (2) connects described by described high pressure line (5)
The entrance of type pilot ratio solenoid electric valve (3) and described 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve (6)
An entrance, outlet and the described fuel tank of described type pilot ratio solenoid electric valve (3)
(1) connect, an outlet and the pressure regulator valve (7) of described 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve (6)
The entrance of entrance and described hydraulic control one-way valve without spring (12) connects, described pressure regulator valve (7)
Outlet is connected with an entrance of described two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve (8), described two
One outlet of four-way electromagnetic reversing valve (8) drives oil cylinder with of described pressurized cylinder (10)
Connecting, another of described pressurized cylinder (10) drives oil cylinder to change with described two-position four-way electromagnetism
Connect to another entrance of valve (8), another of described two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve (8)
Outlet be connected with described fuel tank (1), a pressurizing cylinder of described pressurized cylinder (10) with drive
Dynamic oil cylinder is connected with described hydraulic bag (16) by described check valve (11), described supercharging
Another pressurizing cylinder of cylinder (10) and driving oil cylinder pass through described check valve (11) with described
Hydraulic control one-way valve without spring (12) outlet connect；Described 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve (6)
Another outlet respectively with outlet and the described list of hydraulic control without spring of described flow speed control valve (13)
Connect to the control end of valve (12), the entrance of described flow speed control valve (13) and described bi-bit bi-pass
One interface of electromagnetic valve (15) connects, and another of described two-position two-way solenoid valve (15) connects
Mouth is connected with described hydraulic bag (16).
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| CN201610220535.9A CN105865930B (en) | 2016-04-11 | 2016-04-11 | A kind of experimental rig realized in rock pore different stress paths and add off-load |
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| CN105865930B CN105865930B (en) | 2018-06-29 |
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| CN114112714A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-01 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Supercharging device for rock and concrete material high-pressure unloading cracking test |
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