CN112414915B - Test system and method for simulating tunnel excavation seepage change under complex geological conditions - Google Patents
Test system and method for simulating tunnel excavation seepage change under complex geological conditions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test system and a method for simulating tunnel excavation seepage change under complex geological conditions, which solve the problem that no test device for simulating tunnel excavation to influence the seepage evolution rule of surrounding rocks in the prior art is available, have the beneficial effect of realizing the change condition of underground water seepage fields in a water-proof rock body under the action of excavation disturbance and high-pressure seepage, and have the following specific scheme: test system that tunnel excavation seepage flow changes under simulation complicated geological conditions, including the proof box, the proof box top sets up ground stress loading unit, the proof box is inside can set up the test piece, and each side of proof box circumference sets up the hole respectively, wherein part hole is as the simulation of tunnel excavation hole, part hole department sets up end cap or cavity end cap, and the lateral part setting of proof box adds the water tank, add the inlet opening intercommunication that water tank and box set up, the cavity end cap, add the water tank respectively with the osmotic pressure loading unit intercommunication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a test system and a method for simulating tunnel excavation seepage change under complex geological conditions.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The national major engineering construction center of gravity shifts to southwest mountainous areas and areas with extremely complex topographic and geological conditions, and the tunnel engineering generally has the remarkable characteristics of large buried depth, long tunnel line, complex hydrogeological conditions and the like. In addition, the geological exploration work in the early stage of construction is difficult to find out the hydrogeological conditions along the tunnel, so that a plurality of geological disasters such as rockburst, collapse, gas outburst, water outburst and mud outburst and the like are faced in tunnel construction. The water and mud outburst disaster is one of the main geological disasters in tunnel construction.
Tunnels with serious water and mud burst disasters are often in complex geological environments with high earth pressure, high water pressure and high burial depth. The construction activity inevitably destroys the original stress field of the surrounding rock, so that the damage and the deterioration of the rock mass between the water-containing structure and the tunnel main body are caused, the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass are reduced, the penetration performance of the rock mass is greatly improved, and the occurrence and migration states of the water-containing structure are changed; on the other hand, the change of the rock mass seepage field can act on the rock mass in the forms of pore water pressure (such as hydraulic fracture) and water physicochemical action (such as scouring migration, softening and the like) and the like, and further promotes the development of rock mass damage fracture. In the tunneling process, the coupling effect is continuously developed and evolved, and finally, when a through water inrush channel which directly communicates a water-containing structure and a tunnel face is formed in a waterproof rock body, water inrush disasters in the tunnel are induced.
The inventor finds that in the inrush water disaster induced by the damage of the waterproof rock mass, the research of the inrush water disaster mechanism, advanced prediction, prediction theory, evaluation early warning and disaster management relates to the stress-seepage phenomenon in the gradual damage process of the tunnel water inrush and waterproof rock mass, the actual stress-seepage phenomenon cannot be directly observed and researched due to the increasingly complex tunnel geological conditions, the stress-seepage phenomenon can be deeply understood through a simulation test, and the test device for the seepage change of tunnel excavation in the prior art has obvious limitations in the aspects of single test function, single hydraulic loading form, poor sealing performance of a test box body and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a test system for simulating the seepage flow change of tunnel excavation under the complex geological condition, which can simulate tunnel excavation under the complex geological condition under different conditions of high ground stress and high water pressure, study the change conditions of underground water seepage fields in a water-proof rock body under the action of excavation disturbance and high-pressure seepage flow, further evaluate water inrush and mud inrush disasters and provide a basis for engineering disaster prevention and reduction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The test system for simulating the seepage flow change of tunnel excavation under the complex geological condition comprises a test box, wherein a ground stress loading unit is arranged at the top of the test box, test materials can be arranged in the test box, holes are respectively arranged on each side surface of the test box in the circumferential direction, part of the holes are used for simulating tunnel excavation, plugs or hollow plugs are arranged at part of the holes and can simulate different geological water-containing structures, a water adding box is arranged on the side part of the test box, and the test box is provided with a water inlet hole communicated with the water adding box; the hollow plug and the water adding tank are respectively communicated with the osmotic pressure loading unit.
According to the test system, the test material is a similar material capable of simulating a rock-soil body material, the test box is used for containing the test material and a water body added into the test box, the ground stress loading unit vertically applies pressure to the test box from the upper side and is used for simulating ground stress in actual geological conditions, an original seepage field of a complex stratum with a bad water-containing geological structure can be simulated by supplying water into the test box through the water adding tank with the water inlet hole on one side, and a tunnel surrounding rock seepage evolution rule under the tunnel excavation action in the complex stratum with the bad water-containing geological structure can be simulated by the arrangement of the seepage pressure loading unit and the holes arranged in the circumferential direction of the test box and matching with the plugs, the hollow plugs and the excavation tool, so that tunnel excavation and water inrush disaster related tests induced by the tunnel excavation under the combined action of high ground stress and high water pressure are realized.
The test system for simulating the tunnel excavation seepage change under the complex geological condition comprises a box body, wherein the box body is provided with a set height and is supported by a base, and the holes are arranged on four circumferential sides of the box body to form box body holes;
the top cover of the box body top is provided with a circular through hole, non-through bolt holes are formed in the periphery of the circular through hole of the top cover of the box body, the non-through bolt holes are used for fixedly loading the ground stress unit, the detachable baffle is arranged at the bottom of the box body, the detachable baffle is arranged to be beneficial to cleaning materials after the test is completed, and the top cover of the box body and the detachable baffle are both connected with the box body in a sealing mode and can be connected with each other through bolts in a sealing mode.
The test system for simulating the tunnel excavation seepage change under the complex geological condition is characterized in that the box body is provided with a plurality of sensor holes for leading out a plurality of sensor wires arranged in test materials in the test box, and the sensor wires sequentially penetrate through the sensor holes, the annular rubber gaskets and the hollow screws to be led out of the test box. The sealing of the sensor wire in the process of leading out the box body can be realized by extruding the annular rubber gasket in the screwing process of the hollow screw.
The water adding tank is fixed outside the tank body and is arranged on three side surfaces in the circumferential direction of the tank body, the water adding tank and the tank body have a common surface, and the water inlet holes are uniformly formed in the common surface of the water adding tank and the tank body; the upper part of the water adding tank is provided with an exhaust hole, the lower part of the water adding tank is provided with a water inlet, the water inlet is lower than the height of the test material, the water adding tank is arranged outside the box body and can store the set amount of fluid, after the fluid is injected through the water inlet, the fluid stored under the action of the set pressure enters the test material in the test box through the uniformly arranged water inlet, the uniform loading of the fluid in the test material can be realized through the uniformly arranged water inlet, and then the underground water seepage field conforming to the actual geological condition is simulated.
The test system for simulating the tunnel excavation seepage change under the complex geological condition is characterized in that the front section of the hollow plug is of a conical structure, the middle part of the hollow plug is of a cylindrical structure with a rubber ring, the rubber ring is O-shaped, and the center of the inside of the hollow plug is provided with a through hole.
The test system for simulating the tunnel excavation seepage flow change under the complex geological condition comprises an earth stress loading unit and a control unit, wherein the earth stress loading unit comprises a jack, the jack is fixed at the top of the test box, a displacement meter is arranged at the top end of the jack, and the displacement meter is used for monitoring the displacement of the jack in the earth stress loading process and indirectly reflecting the vertical deformation condition of the test material in the box body in the earth stress applying process.
According to the test system for simulating the tunnel excavation seepage change under the complex geological condition, the pressure plate is arranged on the top of the test material in the test box and is arranged below the top cover of the test box, the loading end of the jack penetrates through the top cover of the test box to be in contact with the pressure plate, the upper surface of the pressure plate is provided with a plurality of hemispherical bearing structures, and the hemispherical bearing structures ensure that the jack is loaded to the vertical loading of the ground stress in the process of pressing the pressure plate.
The test system for simulating the seepage change of tunnel excavation under the complex geological condition comprises a seepage pressure loading unit, wherein the seepage pressure loading unit comprises a water pressure loading device which can be respectively communicated with the hollow plug and/or the water adding tank;
The water pressure loading device is provided with a flowmeter and a pressure gauge, the flowmeter is used for confirming the flow of the fluid entering the test box, the pressure gauge obtains the pressure of the fluid entering the test box, and the flowmeter is a magnetic flowmeter;
the test system for simulating the tunnel excavation seepage change under the complex geological condition comprises a water storage tank and a gas tank, wherein the gas tank is connected with the water storage tank, and the water storage tank is respectively communicated with the hollow plug and/or the water adding tank through a water outlet pipeline;
the water pressure loading devices can be provided with a plurality of groups, each group is provided with two water storage tanks, each group of water pressure loading devices is communicated with the hollow plug and/or the water adding tank on each side surface of the test box, the three groups of water pressure loading devices can supply water collectively or independently by adjusting a water outlet pipeline, and various water adding modes of the test box can be realized by regulating a switch of the water outlet pipeline or changing a pipeline interface, for example, the water adding tanks on two side surfaces connected by the two groups of water pressure loading devices can simulate the seepage field of underground water, and the hollow plug on the rear side surface connected by the one group of water pressure loading devices can realize the simulation of a bad geological structure in the front of a deeply buried tunnel.
The test system for simulating the tunnel excavation seepage change under the complex geological condition further comprises a data acquisition unit, wherein the data acquisition unit comprises a seepage pressure sensor arranged in the box test piece and a pressure sensor arranged in the box, and the seepage pressure sensor and the pressure sensor are respectively connected with the control unit;
Burying a plurality of layers of osmotic pressure sensors along different heights of a test box test piece according to test requirements to monitor osmotic pressure at different positions, and burying a plurality of layers of pressure sensors along different heights of the test box test piece according to the test requirements to monitor ground stress at different positions; the control unit is also separately connected with the ground stress loading unit and the osmotic pressure loading unit respectively.
In a second aspect, the invention further provides a test method of the test system for simulating tunnel excavation seepage change under complex geological conditions, which comprises the following steps:
arranging osmotic pressure sensors and/or pressure sensors on different sections of a test material in the box body, wherein the pressure sensors are used for monitoring the loading condition of the ground stress, and the osmotic pressure sensors are used for monitoring the change of the osmotic pressure in the test box; the water pressure is provided by an osmotic pressure loading unit at one side of the test box; different seepage pressures are provided through the seepage pressure loading unit, and the distribution rule of the seepage field of the surrounding rock under the action of different seepage pressures is analyzed through data acquired by the seepage pressure sensor;
the osmotic pressure sensor and the pressure sensor are both arranged on the horizontal central line of the section of the box body and at the upward position.
Or, arranging an osmotic pressure sensor and a pressure sensor on different sections of the test material, wherein the pressure sensor is used for monitoring the loading condition of the ground stress, and the osmotic pressure sensor is used for monitoring the change of the osmotic pressure in the model body; simulating a water-containing structure by inserting a hollow plug into a part of the hole of the test chamber, wherein the water pressure of the water-containing structure is provided by an osmotic pressure loading unit; the tunnel excavation is realized through the holes on the front surface; and analyzing the stress-seepage evolution law of the surrounding rock in the tunnel excavation process by analyzing data acquired by the seepage pressure sensor and the pressure sensor.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) according to the invention, through the provision of an integral test system, a test box is used for containing test materials and a water body added into the test box, a ground stress loading unit applies pressure to the test box from the upper part to simulate ground stress in actual geological conditions, a water adding tank is used for supplying water into the test box to simulate an original seepage field of a complex stratum with a poor water-containing geological structure, and a seepage pressure loading unit is matched with a hollow plug to simulate the poor water-containing geological structure in the complex stratum, so that the tunnel excavation and the water inrush disaster induced test under the combined action of high ground stress and high water pressure are realized; the invention has wide application prospect in the aspects of prevention, control and prevention of water-inrush and mud-inrush disasters of deep projects such as simulation of hydropower, traffic, energy, mines and the like.
2) The holes are formed in the side face of the box body of the test box, so that the multi-angle excavation of the tunnel is realized, and the simulation of single or multiple geological water-containing structures (karst caves) can be realized by matching with the hollow plugs; by changing the excavation mode and the position and the embedding depth of the geological water-containing structure, the influence rule between the tunnel excavation and different spatial positions of the geological water-containing structure can be simulated.
3) According to the invention, through the arrangement of the detachable baffle plate, the test material in the test box can be conveniently cleaned after the test is finished, and through the arrangement of the top cover of the test box, the ground stress loading unit can conveniently apply the ground stress to the test box.
4) According to the invention, the box body is provided with the plurality of sensor holes, the sealing of various sensors in and out of the box body can be realized by matching with the hollow screw and the annular rubber sheet, various sensor wires sequentially pass through the sensor holes of the box body, the annular rubber gasket and the hollow screw, and the sealing of the sensor wires passing through the box body can be realized by extruding the annular rubber gasket in the screwing-in process of the hollow screw.
5) According to the invention, by arranging the hollow plug, the holes of the test box can be plugged, and the hollow plug can be communicated with the osmotic pressure loading unit, so that water is supplied to test materials in the box body, and the simulation of various water-containing structures is realized.
6) According to the invention, the water adding tank is arranged, and the water inlet holes are uniformly distributed on three side surfaces of the tank body, so that the uniform loading of underground water can be realized, and a seepage field conforming to the actual deep geological condition is formed.
7) According to the invention, the pressure supply plate is arranged in the test box, the loading end sealed by the jack and the pressure supply plate are sealed in the box body, so that underwater loading is realized, the sealing at the upper end of the model is realized by the top cover of the test box and the box body, and the sealing failure caused by loading displacement can be prevented by a special underwater loading mode.
8) According to the invention, through the arrangement of a plurality of groups of water pressure loading devices and the adjustment of the connection mode of the water outlet pipelines among the water pressure loading devices, the independent loading of each side surface of the test box can be realized, and the simultaneous loading of a plurality of side surfaces can also be realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a test system for simulating seepage changes in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a first schematic diagram of a test box in a test system for simulating seepage changes of tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a second schematic diagram of a test box in a test system for simulating seepage changes in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a test box top cover in a test system for simulating seepage changes in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a detachable baffle in a test system for simulating seepage changes of tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 6(a) is a schematic diagram of a box in a test system for simulating seepage changes in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 6(b) is a side view of a box in a test system for simulating seepage variations in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a plug in a test system for simulating seepage changes in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a hollow plug in a test system for simulating seepage changes in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a hollow screw in a test system for simulating seepage changes in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a geostress loading unit in a test system for simulating seepage variations in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions, according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 11 is a perspective view of an osmotic pressure loading unit in a test system for simulating seepage changes in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a side view of an osmotic pressure loading unit in a test system for simulating seepage flow changes in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a data acquisition unit in a test system for simulating seepage changes in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 14(a) is a schematic diagram of a simulation box in a test system for simulating seepage changes of tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 14(b) is a schematic view of the arrangement of section a of fig. 14 (a).
FIG. 14(c) is a schematic view of the arrangement of section b of FIG. 14 (a).
Fig. 15(a) is a schematic diagram of a box in another simulation implementation of a testing system for simulating seepage changes in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
FIG. 15(b) is a schematic view of the arrangement of section a in FIG. 15 (a).
In the figure: the spacing or dimensions between each other are exaggerated to show the location of the various parts, and the schematic is shown only schematically.
Wherein: 1. the device comprises a test box, a ground stress loading unit, a 3 osmotic pressure loading unit, a 4 data acquisition unit, a 5 test box top cover, a 6 detachable baffle plate, a 7 box body, a 8 plug, a 9 hollow plug, a 10 base, a 11 non-through bolt hole, a 12 through bolt hole, a 13 rubber groove, a 14 top cover round hole, a 15 hinge, a 16 wing plate, a 17 web plate, a 18 box body hole, a 19 sensor hole, a 20 rectangular water adding box, a 21 water inlet hole, a 22 water inlet, a 23 water outlet hole, a 24 hollow screw, a 25 jack, a 26 displacement meter, a 27 hydraulic station, a 28 pressure feeding plate, a 29 hydraulic pressure loading device, a 30 magnetic flowmeter, a 31 water inlet pipeline, a 32 gas tank, a 33 water storage tank, a 34 pressure meter, a 35 static strain testing system, a 36 pressure sensor, a 37 osmotic pressure sensor, a 38, a static strain testing system, a 36 pressure sensor, an osmotic pressure sensors, a water pressure sensor, a water pressure sensors, through hole, 39, O-shaped rubber ring.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the invention expressly state otherwise, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Term interpretation section: the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like in the present invention are to be understood in a broad sense, and for example, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" may be fixed, detachable, or integrated; the two components can be connected mechanically or electrically, directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, or connected internally or in an interaction relationship, and the terms used in the present invention should be understood as having specific meanings to those skilled in the art.
As described in the background art, the prior art does not have a test device for tunnel excavation seepage change, and in order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a test system for simulating tunnel excavation seepage change under complex geological conditions.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, a test system for simulating seepage changes in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions includes a test box 1, a ground stress loading unit 2, a seepage pressure loading unit 3, and a data acquisition unit 4.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the test chamber comprises a chamber body, a top cover of the test chamber is arranged on the top of the chamber body, the test chamber 1 is placed on a base 10, the base 10 is provided with a movable ladder, the movable ladder is arranged at the bottom of the test chamber through a detachable baffle 6 after being operated and tested by experimenters, and after the test is finished, the test material is removed downwards by opening the detachable baffle 6.
Referring to fig. 4, proof box top cap 5 middle part is provided with circular shape top cap hole 14, be equipped with the non-through bolt hole 11 of evenly arranging around the top cap hole, be used for ground stress loading unit 2's fixing through non-through bolt hole 11, after 5 bolted connection with proof box top cap, proof box top cap 5 is connected the back with the box, alright form test system's reaction frame, evenly arranged's through bolt hole 12 around the proof box top cap, be used for being connected of proof box top cap 5 and box 7, be equipped with rubber groove 13 in the inboard that link up bolt hole 12 around the proof box top cap, the rubber groove can set up the sealing strip, the sealing strip is the rubber circle, after adding the rubber circle, provide the extrusion through the bolt and can seal up proof box top cap 5.
Referring to fig. 5, detachable baffle 6 in the test box uses hinge structure 15 to control the opening and closing of the hole door, is convenient for complete the cleaning of test material after the test and slag, and detachable baffle 6 has the same rubber groove of test box top cover 5 and the bolt hole that link up, is together fixed through bolt and box 7 equally, sets up the sealing strip through the rubber groove and carries out the sealing of test box.
In order to reduce the influence of boundary effect in a model test and realize the assumption of uniformly applying high-pressure water in the test, the whole structure of the box body 7 is designed into a cube and has a set height, test materials capable of being filled in the box body and having the set height are arranged in the box body, the test materials are artificially prepared similar materials which meet the set similarity ratio and are used for simulating rock-soil body materials, the upper part and the lower part of the box body 7 in the test box are provided with extended wing plates 16, a plurality of web plates 17 which are uniformly arranged are arranged between the wing plates 16 and the box body so as to enhance the strength of the wing plates, bolt holes 12 are uniformly arranged on the wing plates, and the connection of the box body 7, the top cover 5 of the test box and the detachable baffle 6 is realized.
Referring to fig. 6(a) and 6(b), circular holes, specifically, box holes 18, are respectively formed in the centers of four sides of the box body, so that multi-angle excavation of a tunnel can be realized, and by matching with the plugs 8 and the hollow plugs 9, simulation of single or multiple geological water-containing structures (karst caves) can be realized, for example, the front box holes are used as tunnel excavation holes, the box holes 18 on two sides are blocked by the plugs 8, and the rear box holes are connected with the hollow plugs 9 so as to simulate the water-containing structures. By changing the excavation mode and the position and the embedding depth of the geological water-containing structure, the influence rule between the tunnel excavation and different spatial positions of the geological water-containing structure can be simulated.
The plug 8 is a conventional plug, a sealing ring is arranged between the plug 8 and the box body to form a structure similar to a mechanical flange, an annular rubber pad is added between the box body and the plug, and the box body hole at the position of the plug can be effectively plugged by screwing a bolt to extrude the plug.
Further, bolt holes which do not penetrate through the box body are annularly formed around box body holes 18 in the centers of four side surfaces of the box body, and the plug 8 and the hollow plug 9 are fixed on the box body 7 through bolts to realize sealing of the box body 7. Meanwhile, annular rubber is arranged between the two, and four box body holes 18 are sealed through extrusion.
One row of sensor holes 19 are drilled in the upper portion of the box body 7, the rubber gasket is arranged on the outer side of each sensor hole, the center of each rubber gasket is provided with a hole, one end of each hollow screw is matched with the corresponding rubber gasket and connected with the corresponding sensor hole, the sensor lines sequentially penetrate through the sensor holes 19, the rubber gaskets and the hollow screws 24, and the hollow screws are screwed on the box body to extrude the rubber gaskets to achieve the purpose that the sensor lines penetrate out of the box body 7.
The three surfaces of the box body 7 covered by the water adding box 20 are provided with water inlet holes 21 which are uniformly distributed, the water inlet holes are provided with a plurality of layers along the height of the box body, the height of each water inlet hole is lower than the height of a filled test material, the area of each water adding box is larger than the distribution range of the water inlet holes, the rectangular water adding box 20 is welded outside the box body, the upper part of the water adding box 20 is provided with an air outlet hole 23, the lower part of the water adding box is provided with a water inlet 22, and the water inlet is externally connected with a ball valve to control the loading of water. The rectangular water adding tank 20 can store a certain amount of fluid, the fluid enters the test material through the uniformly arranged water inlet holes 21 to realize uniform loading of underground water, an underground water seepage field conforming to actual geological conditions is formed, in the actual operation process, loading is carried out through the seepage pressure loading device 3, water enters the tank body 7 through the water inlet 22, and internal air is discharged through the air outlet holes 23.
Referring to fig. 7, the plug is a cylinder, the diameter of the outer side of the plug is increased, an annular plate with a diameter larger than that of the plug cylinder is arranged at the position where the diameter of the plug is reduced, and the annular plate is provided with a plurality of bolt holes for connecting the annular plate with the box body.
Referring to fig. 8, the front section of the hollow plug 9 is a conical structure, the middle section of the hollow plug is a cylindrical structure with an O-shaped rubber ring 39, and a through hole 38 is formed in the middle of the hollow plug. Coarse grain materials such as sand grains are arranged around the conical structure, water pressure can be uniformly loaded in the water-containing structure through the coarse grain structure, glue can be applied nearby through an O-shaped rubber ring glue applying center, sealing between the box body 7 and the hollow plug 9 can be achieved through the O-shaped rubber ring 39, an annular plate with the size larger than that of the cylindrical structure is arranged between the cylindrical structure of the hollow plug and the rear section, and the annular plate is used for being connected with the box body.
Referring to fig. 9, the hollow screw is a structural member having a through hole at the middle portion in the axial direction, and the hollow screw is reduced in diameter relative to the other end of the head portion thereof, so as to pass through the sensor hole and be connected at the same time.
Referring to fig. 10, the ground stress loading unit 2 includes a hydraulic pressure station 27, a jack 25, and a pressure feed plate 28. The loading of the ground stress is mainly realized by a hydraulic station 27, the jack 25 is fixed on the top cover 5 of the test box through a top cover round hole by a high-strength bolt, the disassembly and the replacement are facilitated, and the stroke of the jack 25 is controlled by an oil pressure control pipeline. The top end of the jack 25 is provided with a displacement meter 26 for monitoring the displacement of the jack 25 in the ground stress loading process, and the vertical deformation condition of the test material of the model soil body in the test process can be indirectly reflected. The upper part of the pressure supply plate 28 is provided with a plurality of hemispherical bearing structures, and when the jack 25 is loaded to the pressure supply plate 28, the hemispherical bearing structures ensure the vertical loading of the ground stress in the process of loading the jack to the pressure supply plate. Thus, the top cover 5, the box body 7 and the jack 25 of the test box are connected through the bolts to form a reaction frame.
In order to ensure the sealing of the test chamber, the sealed loading end of the jack 25 and the pressure plate 28 are sealed in the box body 7 to realize the underwater loading, the sealing of the upper end of the test chamber is realized by the test chamber top cover 5 and the box body 7, and the special mode of the underwater loading can prevent the sealing failure caused by the loading displacement in the design.
Referring to fig. 11 and 12, the osmotic pressure loading unit 3 includes an air tank 32, a water inlet pipe 31, and a hydraulic pressure loading unit 29. The water pressure loading device 29 comprises a magnetic flowmeter 30, a pressure gauge 34 and a water storage tank 33, the osmotic pressure loading unit 3 can be manually controlled or automatically controlled by a microcomputer, the water pressure value of the water pump in the test process is automatically recorded, and the water pressure value is led out by a common external memory after the test is finished. The hydraulic loading device 29 uses two water storage tanks 33 connected in series for loading, and by adjusting the water inlet pipeline 31, the alternate loading of the two water tanks 33, the continuous loading of the supplementary water amount and the hydraulic pressure can be realized, and each hydraulic loading device is provided with a magnetic flowmeter 30 and a pressure gauge 34 to record the flow and the pressure of the hydraulic pressure.
The water storage tank sets up the inlet channel and is used for intaking, its outlet channel communicates with the water inlet 22 and the water-containing end cap 9 that add the water tank respectively alone, the gas holder is connected with the water storage tank for fluid application pressure in the water storage tank, make water storage tank exhaust fluid, magnetic flowmeter 30 sets up in the outlet channel of water storage tank, be used for acquireing the volume of applying the flow, pressure gauge 34 sets up in the outlet channel of water storage tank, be used for monitoring water pressure, the pressure gauge is water pressure sensor promptly.
The whole osmotic pressure loading unit 3 is provided with three sets of independent water pressure loading devices 29 which are matched with the box body 7, so that three sides of the underground water in the box body 7 can be uniformly loaded. The three sets of water pressure loading devices 29 are combined into a large water supply device through the water inlet pipeline 31, and in addition, three-side water pressure simultaneous loading and single-side independent loading can be realized by regulating and controlling the switch of each pipeline.
In order to realize automatic control, the water inlet pipeline is provided with a switch, the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe of the air storage tank are respectively provided with a switch, each switch is respectively and independently connected with the controller, the controller can be a PLC (programmable logic controller) or other types of controllers, and the controllers are respectively and independently connected with the magnetic flowmeter 30 and the pressure gauge 34.
Referring to fig. 13, the data acquisition unit 4 includes a test system 35, an osmotic pressure sensor 36, and a pressure sensor 37. The osmotic pressure sensor 36 and the pressure sensor 37 are respectively and independently connected with a control unit of the test system, the control unit can be a computer, a controller of the osmotic pressure loading unit is connected with the control unit, and the control unit is also respectively and independently connected with the osmotic pressure loading unit and the ground stress loading unit; the pressure sensor and the osmotic pressure sensor are respectively arranged in the test material according to the test requirement, and the lines of the pressure sensor and the osmotic pressure sensor enter and exit the box body 7 through the hollow screw 24.
Simulation example one of the device:
referring to fig. 14(a) -14 (c), the seepage field of the surrounding rock under different seepage pressures is simulated. Arranging pressure sensors 36 and/or osmotic pressure sensors 37 on different sections of the box body, for example, arranging a plurality of osmotic pressure sensors in the section a, arranging at least two pressure sensors in the section b, arranging a plurality of osmotic pressure sensors on the transverse central line of the section a, arranging a plurality of osmotic pressure sensors on the vertical central line, arranging four osmotic pressure sensors on a circle with the center of the box body as the center of the circle (the osmotic pressure sensors are also arranged at the circle center), and setting the radius of the circle; two pressure sensors are arranged on the transverse central line in the section b, the pressure sensor 36 is used for monitoring the loading condition of the ground stress, and the seepage pressure sensor 37 is used for monitoring the change of the seepage pressure in the model body.
Water pressure is supplied from the osmotic pressure loading unit 3 at one side, and the water pressure is applied into the inside of the test material through the rectangular water adding tank 20 and the water inlet hole 21. Different seepage pressures are provided through the seepage pressure loading unit 3, and the distribution rule of the seepage field of the surrounding rock under the action of different seepage pressures is analyzed through data acquired by the seepage pressure sensor 37.
Simulation example two that the apparatus can realize:
as shown in fig. 15(a) and 15(b), the seepage evolution of the surrounding rock during the tunnel excavation process is simulated. And the different sections of the test material are provided with the seepage pressure sensor 37 and the pressure sensor 36 which are arranged up and down in a staggered manner, the pressure sensor 36 is used for monitoring the loading condition of the ground stress, and the seepage pressure sensor 37 is used for monitoring the change of the seepage pressure in the model body. The water pressure simulates the hydrous structure by inserting the hollow plugs 9 into the left and rear case holes 18, and the water pressure of the hydrous structure is provided by the osmotic pressure loading unit 3 to perform tunnel excavation through the case holes 18 on the front side. And analyzing the stress-seepage evolution law of the surrounding rock in the tunnel excavation process by analyzing the data acquired by the seepage pressure sensor 37 and the pressure sensor.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The test system is characterized by comprising a test box, wherein a ground stress loading unit is arranged at the top of the test box, test materials are arranged in the test box, holes are respectively arranged on each side surface of the test box in the circumferential direction, part of the holes are used for simulating tunnel excavation holes, plugs or hollow plugs are arranged at part of the holes, a water adding box is arranged on the side part of the test box, a water inlet hole communicated with the water adding box is arranged in the test box, the hollow plugs and the water adding box are respectively communicated with a seepage pressure loading unit, the seepage pressure loading unit is matched with the water adding box to supply water into the test box to simulate an original seepage field of a complex stratum containing a bad water-containing structure, and the seepage pressure loading unit is matched with the hollow plugs to simulate a bad water-containing geological structure in the complex stratum; the test box comprises a box body, the holes are formed in four circumferential sides of the box body to form box body holes, the water adding tank is arranged on three circumferential sides of the box body, the water adding tank and the box body have a common surface, the water inlet holes are uniformly formed in each common surface of the water adding tank and the box body, and multiple layers are arranged along the height of the box body.
2. The test system for simulating seepage flow change in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the box body has a set height and is supported by a base;
the top of the box body is provided with a top cover of the test box, the bottom of the box body is provided with a detachable baffle, and the top cover of the test box and the detachable baffle are both connected with the box body in a sealing way.
3. The testing system for simulating seepage flow changes in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions as recited in claim 2, wherein the box body is provided with a plurality of sensor holes.
4. The test system for simulating seepage changes in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions as claimed in claim 2, wherein the water adding tank is provided with an air outlet at the upper part and a water inlet at the lower part.
5. The test system for simulating seepage changes in tunnel excavation under the complex geological condition as recited in claim 1, wherein the front section of the hollow plug is of a conical structure, the middle section of the hollow plug is of a cylindrical structure with a rubber ring, and a through hole is formed in the center of the inside of the hollow plug.
6. The test system for simulating seepage flow change in tunnel excavation under the complex geological condition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ground stress loading unit comprises a jack, the jack is fixed on the top of the test box, and a displacement meter is arranged at the top end of the jack;
The top of the test material in the test box is provided with a pressure supply plate, the pressure supply plate is arranged below the top cover of the test box, the upper surface of the pressure supply plate is provided with a plurality of hemispherical load-bearing structures, and the loading end of the jack penetrates through the top cover of the test box to be in contact with the pressure supply plate.
7. The test system for simulating tunnel excavation seepage flow change under the complex geological condition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the seepage pressure loading unit comprises a hydraulic pressure loading device, and the hydraulic pressure loading device can be respectively communicated with the hollow plug and/or the water adding tank;
the hydraulic loading device is provided with a flowmeter and a pressure gauge.
8. The test system for simulating tunnel excavation seepage flow change under complex geological conditions as claimed in claim 7, wherein the hydraulic loading device comprises a water storage tank and a gas tank, the gas tank is connected with the water storage tank, and the water storage tank is respectively communicated with the hollow plug and/or the water adding tank through a water outlet pipeline;
the hydraulic loading device can be provided with a plurality of groups, each group is provided with two water storage tanks, and each group of hydraulic loading device is communicated with the hollow plug and/or the water adding tank on each side surface of the test box.
9. The test system for simulating the seepage flow change of tunnel excavation under the complex geological condition as claimed in claim 1, characterized by further comprising a data acquisition unit, wherein the data acquisition unit comprises a seepage pressure sensor arranged in the test material and a pressure sensor arranged in the box body, and the seepage pressure sensor and the pressure sensor are respectively connected with the control unit;
Burying a plurality of layers of osmotic pressure sensors along different heights of a test material according to test requirements to monitor osmotic pressure at different positions; burying a plurality of layers of pressure sensors along different heights of a test material according to test requirements to monitor the ground stress at different positions;
the control unit is also separately connected with the ground stress loading unit and the osmotic pressure loading unit.
10. The testing method of the testing system for simulating seepage changes in tunnel excavation under the complex geological condition according to claim 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:
arranging osmotic pressure sensors and/or pressure sensors on different sections of a test material in the box body, wherein the pressure sensors are used for monitoring the loading condition of the ground stress, and the osmotic pressure sensors are used for monitoring the change of the osmotic pressure in the test box; the water pressure is provided by an osmotic pressure loading unit at one side of the test chamber; different seepage pressures are provided through the seepage pressure loading unit, and the distribution rule of the seepage field of the surrounding rock under the action of different seepage pressures is analyzed through data acquired by the seepage pressure sensor;
or, arranging an osmotic pressure sensor and a pressure sensor on different sections of the test material, wherein the pressure sensor is used for monitoring the loading condition of the ground stress, and the osmotic pressure sensor is used for monitoring the change of the osmotic pressure in the model body; simulating a water-containing structure by inserting a hollow plug into a part of the hole of the test chamber, wherein the water pressure of the water-containing structure is provided by an osmotic pressure loading unit; the tunnel excavation is realized through the holes on the front surface; and analyzing the stress-seepage evolution law of the surrounding rock in the tunnel excavation process by analyzing data acquired by the seepage pressure sensor and the pressure sensor.
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| CN202011203667.3A CN112414915B (en) | 2020-11-02 | 2020-11-02 | Test system and method for simulating tunnel excavation seepage change under complex geological conditions |
| PCT/CN2020/138899 WO2022088454A1 (en) | 2020-11-02 | 2020-12-24 | Testing system and method for simulating change in tunnel excavation seepage under complex geological conditions |
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