CN111151567B - Method for improving soil aggregate structure by ecologically utilizing garden waste - Google Patents
Method for improving soil aggregate structure by ecologically utilizing garden waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN111151567B CN111151567B CN201911411982.2A CN201911411982A CN111151567B CN 111151567 B CN111151567 B CN 111151567B CN 201911411982 A CN201911411982 A CN 201911411982A CN 111151567 B CN111151567 B CN 111151567B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving a soil aggregate structure by ecologically utilizing garden waste, comprising the steps of taking branches of greening waste as a group A, taking leaves and lawn trimmers as a group B, drying and crushing; carbonizing the crushed aggregates of the group A in a micro-oxygen environment to obtain biochar; crushing the greening waste B group into crushed materials, and adding wood vinegar for composting and fermentation; removing impurities from crayfish and crab shells, cleaning and grinding, and soaking in HCl solution and NaOH solution to obtain chitin crude product; further crushing the construction waste and the industrial rock wool; extracting the biochar and a chitin crude product according to the weight part ratio, adding desulfurized gypsum, mixing and stirring, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, and standing at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a carbon mixture; uniformly stirring the carbon mixture, the building garbage, the industrial crushed rock wool and the organic fertilizer, standing until the mixture is dried, and extruding and granulating to obtain a soil conditioner; the soil conditioner is added to the soil. The invention reduces the volume weight of the soil, increases the porosity of the soil, improves the water holding capacity of the soil and increases the infiltration rate of the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a method for improving a soil aggregate structure by ecologically utilizing garden wastes.
Background
In urban greening construction, soil sources are complex, soil layers are disordered, surface soil is often removed or buried by bottom soil, bottom dead soil or raw soil, a large amount of gravels, construction waste and the like are often mixed into soil layers, so that the soil structure is disordered, and the physical properties of the soil are poor. The physical property degradation of the urban soil is the main reason of the quality degradation of the urban soil, the urban soil quality not only becomes one of the main reasons for limiting the urban greening development of China, but also inhibits the exertion of the ecological function of the urban soil and the improvement of the urban ecological environment quality.
Therefore, aiming at the limiting factors of poor soil structure, fertilizer and water leakage, low fertility level and the like in the area where trees are suitable to be carried, the soil structure is improved, the soil fertility is increased, the soil property is improved through improvement technology and management measures, the agricultural resource and environment pressure are reduced, and the sustainable development of the social economy in China is facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for improving a soil aggregate structure by ecologically utilizing garden waste, which reduces the volume weight of soil, increases the porosity of the soil, improves the water holding capacity of the soil and obviously increases the permeation rate of the soil.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for improving a soil aggregate structure by ecologically utilizing garden wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) grouping the greening wastes into groups, and taking branches as a group A; leaves and grass clippings as group B; respectively drying and crushing for later use;
2) carbonizing the A group of crushed aggregates in a micro-aerobic environment by a low-temperature cracking technology to obtain biochar for later use;
3) further crushing the greening waste B into crushed materials with the particle size of 4-6mm, adding wood vinegar to adjust the initial water content and the C/N value, simultaneously stirring and mixing the crushed materials and the wood vinegar, preparing a mixture with a neutral pH value, and performing composting fermentation; sieving the organic fertilizer obtained by fermentation, and removing coarse particles for later use;
4) removing impurities from crayfish and crab shells, cleaning, grinding to 2-3mm, soaking in HCl solution until calcium is removed, pouring HCl solution, washing to neutral, soaking in NaOH solution, boiling, removing protein, pouring NaOH solution, washing to neutral, and drying to obtain chitin crude product;
5) further pulverizing the construction waste (extracted broken bricks and broken tiles) into 1-2mm, and sieving;
6) crushing industrial crushed rock wool into 9-10mm crushed rock;
7) extracting the biochar prepared in the step 2) and the step 4) and a chitin crude product according to the weight part ratio, adding desulfurized gypsum, stirring and mixing, adding wood vinegar according to the pH value of the mixture to adjust the pH value to be neutral, and standing at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a carbon mixture for later use;
8) extracting the carbon mixture obtained in the steps 7), 5), 6) and 3), construction waste, industrial crushed rock wool and organic fertilizer; stirring uniformly, standing until the mixture is dry, and extruding and granulating to obtain a soil conditioner;
9) and (3) spraying the soil conditioner on the soil to be improved, turning the soil, and mixing the soil conditioner with the soil.
Further, in the step 1), the group A and the group B are respectively crushed into 18-20mm crushed materials.
Further, the carbonization temperature of the low-temperature cracking technology in the step 2) is less than 700 ℃.
Further, the fermentation temperature in the step 2) is 45-65 ℃, and the fermentation time is 15-30 days.
Further, in the step 3), the water content is controlled to be 50-60%, and the C/N value is controlled to be 20-30: 1.
Further, the concentration of the HCl solution used in step 4) was 2 mol/L.
Further, the concentration of the NaOH solution used in step 4) was 100 g/L.
Further, the weight ratio of the biochar, the chitin crude product and the desulfurized gypsum in the step 7) is 12:3: 20.
Further, the weight ratio of the carbon mixture, the building garbage, the industrial crushed rock wool and the organic fertilizer in the step 8) is 5:10:1: 0.8.
According to the invention, the garden waste is generated into the biochar through a microwave cracking technology, the porosity and hydrophilicity of the biochar can reduce the soil density and increase the soil porosity and water retention rate; organic fertilizer can be obtained through compost fermentation.
The pyroligneous liquor is used as an additional product in the process of cracking the garden waste, has weak acidity, can adjust the pH value of the soil, and has the effects of inhibiting and killing various pathogenic bacteria in the soil. And has the function of temperature regulation in the organic fertilizer composting process.
The crayfish and the crab shell are cleaned and ground into powder, mineral substances and proteins of the crayfish and the crab shell are removed through HCl solution and NaOH solution, chitin is generated, the crayfish and the crab shell can become a culture medium for beneficial microorganisms in soil, the granular structure of the soil is increased through the increase of the microorganisms, the nutrient utilization rate is improved, and the later-stage fertilizer usage amount is reduced.
The desulfurized gypsum can reduce the pH value, the alkalization degree, the volume weight and the firmness of the soil, and effectively improve the porosity, the permeability, the desalination rate and the like of the soil.
The industrial crushed rock wool is made of inorganic fiber prepared by melting and fiberizing natural rock (such as basalt and dolomite) as main raw material at high temperature, and is leftover material produced in the production process of rock wool. Crushed rock wool is ground to be used as a soil inorganic cementing agent material to be applied to soil improvement, and the synergistic effect of organic matter accumulation and aggregate formation is enhanced.
The construction waste is removed from plastics, metals, bamboo and wood, the broken bricks and waste mortar of the bricks and tiles are reserved and crushed into regenerated sand stones, the traditional sand materials are replaced, the formation of soil aggregate structures can be promoted, and the water permeability of the soil is increased.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method improves the rationality of the soil aggregate structure, reduces the volume weight of the soil, increases the porosity of the soil, improves the water holding capacity of the soil, obviously increases the infiltration rate of the soil, can be widely used for improving the soil of urban green lands, can also be used for improving the soil of low-influence development facilities with insufficient infiltration capacity, and is economic and environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described by the following detailed description.
Example 1
The invention relates to a method for improving a soil aggregate structure by ecologically utilizing garden waste, which comprises the following steps:
1) grouping the greening wastes into groups, and taking branches as a group A; leaves and grass clippings as group B; respectively drying and crushing, and respectively crushing the group A and the group B into crushed materials with the particle size of 18-20mm for later use;
2) carbonizing the crushed aggregates in the group A by a low-temperature cracking technology in a micro-oxygen environment, wherein the temperature is lower than 700 ℃, and obtaining biochar for later use;
3) further crushing the greening waste B group into crushed materials with the particle size of 4-6mm, adding wood vinegar to adjust the initial water content and the C/N value, controlling the water content to be 50-60% and the C/N value to be 20-30:1, simultaneously stirring and mixing the crushed materials and the wood vinegar, preparing a mixture with a neutral pH value, carrying out composting fermentation at the fermentation temperature of 45-65 ℃ for 15-30 days, sieving an organic fertilizer obtained by fermentation, and removing coarse particles for later use;
4) removing impurities from crayfish and crab shells, cleaning, grinding to 2-3mm, soaking with HCl solution until calcium is removed, pouring HCl solution with the concentration of 2mol/L, washing with water to be neutral, soaking with NaOH solution, boiling, removing protein, pouring NaOH solution with the concentration of 100g/L, washing with water to be neutral, and drying to generate a crude chitin product;
5) further pulverizing the construction waste (extracted broken bricks and broken tiles) into 1-2mm, and sieving;
6) crushing industrial crushed rock wool into 9-10mm crushed rock;
7) extracting the biochar prepared in the step 2) and the chitin crude product prepared in the step 4) according to the weight part ratio, adding desulfurized gypsum, stirring and mixing, wherein the weight ratio of the biochar to the chitin crude product to the desulfurized gypsum is 12:3:20, adding wood vinegar according to the pH value of the mixture, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, and standing at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a carbon mixture for later use;
8) extracting the carbon mixture obtained in the steps 7), 5), 6) and 3), construction waste, industrial crushed rock wool and organic fertilizer; the weight ratio of the carbon mixture to the building garbage to the industrial crushed rock wool to the organic fertilizer is 5:10:1:0.8, the mixture is uniformly stirred, is kept still until the mixture is dried, and is extruded and granulated to obtain the soil conditioner;
9) and (3) spraying the soil conditioner on the soil to be improved, turning the soil, and mixing the soil conditioner with the soil.
Example 2
The improved soil of the present invention and general soil were subjected to performance tests.
Subject: 8 test boxes with the same size and the same original soil. The test chambers were divided into two groups (control and experimental), 4 each.
The experimental method comprises the following steps: the control group test box is raw soil, the experimental group is soil treated by adding the conditioner into the raw soil of the test box, each test box is 0.5m deep, and 2 test boxes are selected for each group to plant plants with the same height and type. And (3) measuring each physical property of the soil of each test box in a natural state of 30d and 60d respectively, and comparing the performance of the original soil and the proportioned soil and the growth condition of plants.
The analysis and determination method comprises the following steps: the volume mass, the saturated water holding capacity, the field water holding capacity, the non-capillary porosity and the total porosity of the soil are measured by a cutting ring method, the mechanical composition of the soil is measured by a densimeter method, the measurement of various physical properties refers to a forest soil analysis method, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil is measured on site by a permeameter, and a water characteristic curve is measured by a high-speed centrifuge. The test results are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, the soil improved by the invention has the advantages of reduced volume weight, increased porosity, improved water holding capacity, significantly increased permeability rate, significantly improved granular structure, economy and environmental protection.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the concept and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall into the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the design concept of the present invention, and the technical contents of the present invention as claimed are all described in the technical claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving a soil aggregate structure by ecologically utilizing garden wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) grouping the greening wastes into groups, and taking branches as a group A; leaves and grass clippings as group B; respectively drying and crushing for later use;
2) carbonizing the A group of crushed aggregates in a micro-aerobic environment by a low-temperature cracking technology to obtain biochar for later use;
3) further crushing the greening waste B group into crushed materials with the particle size of 4-6mm, adding wood vinegar to adjust the initial water content and the C/N value, controlling the water content to be 50-60% and the C/N value to be 20-30:1, simultaneously stirring and mixing the crushed materials and the wood vinegar, preparing a mixture with a neutral pH value, and carrying out composting fermentation; sieving the organic fertilizer obtained by fermentation, and removing coarse particles for later use;
4) removing impurities from crayfish and crab shells, cleaning, grinding to 2-3mm, soaking in HCl solution until calcium is removed, pouring HCl solution, washing to neutral, soaking in NaOH solution, boiling, removing protein, pouring NaOH solution, washing to neutral, and drying to obtain chitin crude product;
5) further crushing the construction waste into 1-2mm and sieving for later use;
6) crushing industrial crushed rock wool into 9-10mm crushed rock;
7) extracting the biochar prepared in the step 2) and the step 4) and a chitin crude product according to the weight part ratio, adding desulfurized gypsum, stirring and mixing, adding wood vinegar according to the pH value of the mixture to adjust the pH value to be neutral, and standing at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a carbon mixture for later use; the weight ratio of the biochar to the chitin crude product to the desulfurized gypsum is 12:3: 20;
8) extracting the carbon mixture obtained in the steps 7), 5), 6) and 3), construction waste, industrial crushed rock wool and organic fertilizer; stirring uniformly, standing, drying, and extruding and granulating to obtain a soil conditioner; the weight ratio of the carbon mixture, the building rubbish, the industrial crushed rock wool and the organic fertilizer is 5:10:1: 0.8;
9) and (3) spraying the soil conditioner on the soil to be improved, turning the soil, and mixing the soil conditioner with the soil.
2. The method for improving soil granule structure by ecologically utilizing garden waste according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: respectively crushing the group A and the group B into crushed materials with the particle size of 18-20mm in the step 1).
3. The method for improving soil granule structure by ecologically utilizing garden waste according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the carbonization temperature of the low-temperature cracking technology in the step 2) is less than 700 ℃.
4. The method for improving soil granule structure by ecologically utilizing garden waste according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fermentation temperature of the step 2) is 45-65 ℃, and the fermentation time is 15-30 days.
5. The method for improving soil granule structure by ecologically utilizing garden waste according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the concentration of the HCl solution adopted in the step 4) is 2 mol/L.
6. The method for improving soil granule structure by ecologically utilizing garden waste according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the concentration of the NaOH solution adopted in the step 4) is 100 g/L.
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| CN112194536B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-25 | 杭州植物园(杭州西湖园林科学研究院) | Soil improvement material component for improving vegetable biomass |
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| CN112778036A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-11 | 贵州明威环保技术有限公司 | Method for producing organic fertilizer from landscaping waste |
| CN113632614B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2022-08-16 | 金华生物质产业科技研究院 | Preparation and application methods of compound heavy metal contaminated soil remediation material |
| CN114766318B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2023-04-11 | 上海市园林科学规划研究院 | Method for preparing 'four-way' seedling planting soil and application |
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