CN110999753A - Coal gangue-based artificial ecological matrix and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial ecological substrate and a preparation method thereof, the invention pulverizes coal gangue, adds microbial inoculum, and composts with organic matter of plant source, mixes them evenly, and after curing for a period of time, the nutrients of plant growth in the coal gangue are released. The prepared artificial ecological substrate contains a large amount of organic matters, major elements and rich trace elements required by plant growth, and a plurality of beneficial soil microorganisms, and has a certain particle size composition and aggregate structure to form the artificial substrate. The artificial substrate prepared by the method has excellent characteristics in the aspects of physical and chemical properties, fertility level and microorganism content, and has excellent performance in the aspect of plant growth.

Description

Coal gangue-based artificial ecological matrix and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection and resource recycling, and particularly relates to an artificial ecological matrix and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The coal gangue is one of the industrial solid wastes with the largest discharge amount in China, and the discharge amount is about 10-20% of the coal yield. The accumulated stockpiling amount of coal gangue in China is about 50 hundred million tons, and about 5 hundred million tons of coal gangue are newly produced every year. Most of the natural materials are piled up in farmlands, ditches and sloping fields, and are located near the coal mine industrial square, and the occupied land is about 115 hectares. The large amount of stockpiling of the coal gangue not only occupies the land, but also causes pollution to the surrounding environment, and certain combustible substances remained in the coal gangue can generate spontaneous combustion under certain conditions, and discharge toxic and harmful gases such as nitrogen oxide, carbon oxide, sulfur dioxide, smoke and the like, and simultaneously cause resource waste to a certain extent. The rationalization treatment problem of the coal gangue becomes a major resource and environmental problem which must be solved in the economic sustainable development of China.

At present, the main treatment mode of the coal gangue is landfill, and in addition, the coal gangue generates electricity, industrial refining alumina, silicon products, rock wool, sulfur and the like, and brick making, cement and the like in the building industry are also adopted. The common features of the above solutions: large project investment, high production cost, secondary waste generation, no advantages of products, strong substitution of similar products and the like. The most important is that the consumption of coal gangue is small, and compared with the huge coal gangue storage amount, the practical problem cannot be solved.

Besides the above coal gangue treatment modes, the coal gangue is used as a raw material to research and develop organic compound fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, soil conditioners and the like in agriculture, and the coal gangue is a hot spot in recent industries. However, most of the prior art uses coal gangue as a small part of raw materials, so that the aim of consuming a large amount of coal gangue inventory cannot be met, and the artificial matrixes taking the coal gangue as main raw materials on the market are few, so in order to solve the outstanding problem of coal gangue in processing, a key technology for preparing ecological soil from the coal gangue must be researched and developed, and a coal gangue processing and utilizing mode with high processing capacity, ecological environment friendliness, low cost, strong sustainability and high safety is provided, so that a scientific and reasonable coal gangue utilization technology system is formed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an artificial ecological matrix prepared from coal gangue and a preparation method thereof. The invention provides an artificial ecological substrate made of coal gangue, which can replace natural soil to plant garden plants and flowers, has excellent soil physicochemical property, has better performance on water retention and air permeability, contains a large amount of organic matters, rich trace elements and necessary elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like required by plant growth, and has better promotion effect on the growth and the performance of the garden plants. And moreover, the coal gangue and garden waste compost is adopted, so that the recovered resources are effectively utilized to protect the ecological environment, the environment is protected, the safety is realized, and the secondary pollution is avoided.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an artificial ecological substrate, which is characterized in that: the raw materials mainly comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 50-70 parts of coal gangue, 30-50 parts of plant source organic matter, 1-2 parts of urea and 0.02-0.05% of functional microbial agent; wherein the plant-derived organic matter raw material comprises any one or more of landscaping trimmed tree branches, dead branches and fallen leaves, lawn grass, agricultural straws, rice hulls and corncobs; the functional microbial agent comprises high-temperature streptomyces violaceus, thermophilic amylase streptomyces, thermophilic carbon monoxide streptomyces, streptomyces albidoflavus, streptomyces vulgare, pseudomonas and penicillium herbarum.

Further, the microbial agents of the streptomyces violaceus, the streptomyces diastaticus, the streptomyces thermocarboxydus, the streptomyces albidoflavus, the streptomyces vulgare, the pseudomonas and the penicillium herbaceum have no antagonistic action when detected, and are cultured respectively according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1:2, and (3) preparing.

Further, the artificial ecological substrate is preferably 60 parts of pulverized coal gangue, 40 parts of plant-derived organic matter, 1.5 parts of urea and 0.03% of functional microbial agent.

Further, the invention also provides a preparation method of the artificial ecological matrix, which comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing raw materials: crushing the coal gangue and screening the crushed coal gangue through a 4-mesh screen to obtain a crushed coal gangue product with the particle size of less than 4 meshes; collecting plant-derived organic matters, and crushing into particles with the particle size of 0.1-3 cm; mixing 50-70 parts of coal gangue crushed material and 30-50 parts of plant source organic matter, adding 1-2 parts of urea and 0.02-0.05% of lime powder functional microbial agent while mixing, and spraying water into the mixture in the process of uniformly mixing to ensure that the water content of the raw material is 55-60%;

(2) and (3) curing process: covering the surface of the raw materials with a layer of plastic film, turning over every 3-5 days, covering with plastic film, and keeping for 30-40 days;

(3) and (3) naturally drying the material prepared in the step (2), and then sieving the material with a 2-mesh sieve to obtain the artificial ecological matrix.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention is improved on the basis of the prior art, and has the advantages of simple operation, easily obtained raw materials, low cost and good use effect. The invention has the following beneficial effects: firstly, the particle size of the pulverized coal gangue is controlled within 4 meshes, and general pulverizing equipment can meet the requirements, so that the investment and the production cost are greatly saved, and secondly, plant-derived organic matters contain a large amount of nutrients which can be utilized and converted by microorganisms, and the plant-derived organic matters can be converted into humus under the action of various functional microorganisms after being mixed with the coal gangue, so that the release of nutrient elements in mixed materials and the absorption and utilization of plants are promoted, and meanwhile, the formation of an artificial ecological matrix granular structure and the regeneration and the validation of matrix nutrients are facilitated. In addition, the coal gangue has larger particles, is mixed with plant organic matters, can improve the physical structure of the matrix, and is particularly remarkable in water permeability and air permeability. And the coal gangue contains less microorganisms, so that the quantity of the microorganisms is greatly increased after the mixing and curing process, and the construction of a healthy soil environment is facilitated. In addition, the coal gangue used as an associated mineral for coal production contains a large amount of organic matters and abundant trace elements, and also contains elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like required by plant growth, and through a curing process, the coal gangue can be activated, the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements fixed in the coal gangue are released, and the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements are changed into an ionic state and absorbed by plants, so that the plant growth is promoted. Therefore, the artificial ecological matrix prepared by the invention can consume a large amount of coal gangue stocks, realize resource utilization of wastes, provide a good alternative scheme for selection of plant planting matrixes in broad flower and garden markets, and realize virtuous circle in various aspects such as ecological, social and economic benefits.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the effect of different combinations of bacteria on the ripening process of a material.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following detailed description of specific embodiments, which are not intended to be limiting but are merely exemplary. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1 Effect of coal gangue and organic matter derived from animals and plants on seed Germination

Crushing coal gangue, screening the crushed coal gangue through a 4-mesh screen, collecting crushed coal gangue with the particle size smaller than 4 meshes, mixing the crushed coal gangue with plant sources or animal wastes according to the mass ratio of 50:50, adding 2% of urea in the process of mixing the crushed coal gangue with plants to adjust the C/N ratio of the mixed materials, and adding streptomyces violaceus, streptomyces thermophilus, streptomyces diastaticus, streptomyces albidoflavus, streptomyces febrile common, pseudomonas and penicillium herbaceum, wherein the mass ratio of each bacterium is 1:1:1:1:1:1:2, adding the functional microbial agent in an amount of 0.03 percent of the weight of the materials, adjusting the water content of the materials to 55-60 percent, covering the surfaces of the raw materials with a layer of plastic film, turning over the piles once every 3-5 days, then covering the plastic film, and keeping the piles for 30-40 days. The tall fescue is taken as a plant material, and the influence of different treatments on seed germination is determined. The results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the germination rate of the seeds of the artificial ecological substrate of the festuca arundinacea prepared by mixing the crushed coal gangue and the plant-derived organic matter is higher, which indicates that the plant-derived organic matter is more suitable for being mixed with the coal gangue to prepare the artificial ecological substrate.

TABLE 1 Effect of different materials mixed with coal gangue to prepare artificial ecological substrate on plant seed germination

Example 2 Effect of different microbial Agents on the ripening progress and nutrients of an Artificial ecological substrate

The functional microbial inoculum of the invention is prepared by the steps of storing high-temperature Streptomyces violaceus (Streptomyces thermoviolaceae), thermophilic amylase Streptomyces thermophilus (Streptomyces thermoiastaticus), thermophilic carbon monoxide Streptomyces thermocarboxyphus (Streptomyces thermoboxydus), Streptomyces albidoflavus (Streptomyces albiflavus), Streptomyces thermovulgaris (Streptomyces thermovulgaris) in the common microorganism center of China general microbiological culture collection management committee (CGMCC for short) at 2016 (unit address: No. 3 of Beijing north american colleague No. 1. and postal code: 100101) at 18 days 2, respectively, the storage numbers of the functional microbial inoculum are CGMCC.12133, CGMCC.12134, CGMCC.12135, CGMCC.12136 and CGMCC.12137, and storing Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas sp) in 2016 8. 23. culture collection center of Beijing university colleague (CGMCC: 101. and CGMCC. 100101), the preservation number of the functional microbial inoculant is CGMCC.12894, and the functional microbial inoculant is Penicillium oxalicum which is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC for short) 6, 6 and 14 days 2013 in China (Unit address: No. 3 Hospital No. 1 of West Lu of Beijing Kogyo-the morning district, the postal code: 100101), and the preservation number of the functional microbial inoculant is CGMCC.7699. Respectively inoculating 5 strains of streptomyces into 1L of sterile ISP2 liquid culture medium (components: 4g/L of yeast extract powder, 10g/L of maltose, 4g/L of glucose and 16g/L of agar), culturing at pH 7.2-7.4 and 50 ℃ under the condition of 120rpm shaking table, culturing at high temperature streptomyces violaceus, streptomyces diastaticus, streptomyces thermosiphon for 24-48h, and culturing at thermophilic carbon monoxide chain mould and streptomyces albidoflavus for 72-96 h. 1 strain of pseudomonas is inoculated into 1L of sterile LB liquid culture medium (components: tryptone 10g/L, yeast extract 5g/L, NaCl 10g/L), the pH value is 7.2-7.4, the culture is carried out for 24-48h under the shaking table condition of 150rpm at 35 ℃, 1 strain of penicillium oxalicum is inoculated into 2L of potato liquid culture medium (components: potato 200g/L, glucose 20g/L), the pH value is natural, and the culture is carried out for 96-120h under the shaking table condition of 170rpm at 28 ℃. Setting different strain combinations: treating 1, 5 actinomycetes and the like, treating 2, 5 streptomycetes and 1 pseudomonad and mixing in equal volume, treating 3, 5 actinomycetes and 1 caerulea in a volume ratio of 1:1:1:1:2, treating 4, 7 actinomycetes and mixing in a volume ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1:2, adding the mixture to a mixed matrix of coal gangue and corn straw powder, wherein the adding amount of each treatment microbial inoculum is 0.3% of the weight of the material, adjusting the water content of the material to be 55% -60% by taking the treatment without inoculating microbial inoculum as a contrast, covering the surface of the raw material with a layer of plastic film, turning over once every 3-5 days, then covering the plastic film, and keeping for 30-40 days. The temperature change of the material was measured every day, and the results are shown in FIG. 1. As can be seen from figure 1, the temperature rise in the curing process is the lowest without adding any microbial inoculum, the temperature rise in the curing process is the highest with adding 7 functional microbial inocula, the organic matter and nutrient in the material are converted when the temperature rises, and the microorganisms are more active.

Example 3 Effect of artificial ecological substrate prepared from coal gangue of different particle size on plant growth

Crushing coal gangue by a crusher, dividing the crushed coal gangue into 4 parts, respectively sieving the 4 parts without sieving, sieving the 4 parts by a sieve of 2 meshes, 4 meshes and 8 meshes, treating the 4 parts by 1-treatment, mixing crushed coal gangue consisting of different particle sizes with a plant source or animal manure according to the mass ratio of 50:50, adding 2% of urea in the treatment of mixing with plants to adjust the C/N ratio of the mixed material, adding streptomyces violaceus, streptomyces thermophilus, streptomyces thermocellus, streptomyces alboflavus, pseudomonas and penicillium herbarum, wherein the mass ratio of each bacterium is 1:1:1:1:1:1:2, adding the functional microbial agent in an amount of 0.03 percent of the weight of the materials, adjusting the water content of the materials to 55-60 percent, covering the surfaces of the raw materials with a layer of plastic film, turning over the piles once every 3-5 days, then covering the plastic film, and keeping the piles for 30-40 days. The effect of different treatments on the growth of tall fescue was determined using tall fescue as the plant material. The results are shown in Table 3. As can be seen from Table 3, except that the germination rates and the length heights of the coal gangue tall fescue with no meshes are obviously lower than those of other treatments, the germination rates of the coal gangue tall fescue seeds with the meshes of 2 are lower than those of the coal gangue tall fescue seeds with the meshes of 4 and 8, no significant difference exists in the growth heights of the tall fescue seeds with the meshes of 2 to 8, and no significant difference exists in the germination rates of the tall fescue seeds with the meshes of 4 and 8. Therefore, from the perspective of saving cost and energy consumption, the coal gangue and plant source materials can be directly pulverized without sieving when preparing the artificial ecological matrix.

TABLE 3 influence of artificial ecological base prepared from coal gangue of different grain sizes on plant growth

Coal gangue with different grain diameters	Germination percentage of Festuca arundinacea (%)	Tall fescue height (cm)
			Particle size not to be divided	36.5％	21.7cm
2 mesh passing through	48.90％	22.4cm
			Pass through 4 meshes	57.20％	23.6cm
Pass through 8 meshes	55.00％	23.8cm

Claims (5)

1. An artificial ecological substrate, which is characterized in that: the raw materials mainly comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 50-70 parts of coal gangue crushed material, 30-50 parts of plant source organic matter, 1-2 parts of urea and 0.2-0.5% of functional microbial agent; wherein the organic matter raw material derived from plants comprises one or more of landscaping trimmed branches, dead branches and fallen leaves, lawn grass, agricultural straws, rice hulls and corncobs.

2. The artificial ecological substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: 60 parts of pulverized coal gangue, 40 parts of plant-derived organic matter, 1.5 parts of urea and 0.03% of functional microbial agent.

3. The artificial ecological substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the microbial agent is a compound microorganism with multiple functions, and comprises Streptomyces purpureus (Streptomyces thermovirosus), Streptomyces diastatophilus (Streptomyces thermodiastatoticus), Streptomyces thermocarboxydus (Streptomyces thermoboxydus), Streptomyces albidoflavus (Streptomyces albicans), Streptomyces thermovulgaris (Streptomyces thermovulgaris), Pseudomonas sp, Penicillium herbaceum (Penicillium oxalicum) according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1:2, and (3) preparing.

4. The method for preparing an artificial ecological substrate according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

(1) preparing raw materials: crushing the coal gangue and screening the crushed coal gangue through a 4-mesh screen to obtain a crushed coal gangue material with a size less than 4 meshes; collecting plant-derived organic matter, and pulverizing into 0.1-0.5 cm; mixing 50-70 parts of coal gangue crushed material and 30-50 parts of plant source organic matter, adding 1-2 parts of urea and 0.02-0.05% of functional microbial agent while mixing, and spraying water in the process of uniformly mixing to ensure that the water content of the raw material is 55-60%;

(2) and (3) curing process: covering the surface of the raw materials with a layer of plastic film, turning over every 3-5 days, covering with plastic film, and keeping for 30-40 days;

(3) and (3) naturally drying the material prepared in the step (2), and then sieving the material with a 2-mesh sieve to obtain the artificial ecological matrix.

5. Use of the artificial ecological substrate according to claims 1 to 4 in horticultural plant cultivation.

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