CN111149686B

CN111149686B - Crossbreeding and breeding method of English 1 wheat

Info

Publication number: CN111149686B
Application number: CN202010124254.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张国英
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-02-27
Filing date: 2020-02-27
Publication date: 2022-10-04
Anticipated expiration: 2040-02-27
Also published as: CN111149686A

Abstract

The invention relates to a crossbreeding and propagating method of English seed No. 1 wheat, which comprises the following steps: (1) Selecting mimai No. 6 wheat as a female parent and mimai No. 7 wheat as a male parent for hybridization; (2) Emasculating the female parent, maturing stigma after 1-3 days, pollinating, stripping young embryo after pollination for 25-28 days, and culturing in vitro to obtain F1 generation wheat seed; (3) Performing vernalization treatment and generation-adding propagation for multiple times on the F1 generation wheat seeds to obtain F4 generation wheat seeds; and vernalizing the F4 generation wheat seeds, and performing directional cultivation to obtain the English seed No. 1 wheat. The English seed No. 1 wheat variety can reduce the seed consumption per mu by about 30 percent, improve the yield by more than 10 percent on the original basis and improve the wheat quality.

Description

Crossbreeding and propagating method of English seed No. 1 wheat

Technical Field

The invention relates to a plant breeding and propagating method, in particular to a crossbreeding and propagating method of English seed No. 1 wheat

Background

Wheat is a gramineous plant widely planted in the world, is the second food crop of the world's total production, second only to corn, and wheat is the main food for about 40% of the world's population. China is the largest wheat producing country and consuming country in the world, and development of wheat production plays an important role in guaranteeing food safety and market demand in China. China is the largest wheat producing and consuming country in the world, is the third grain crop in China, accounts for 17% of the total wheat producing amount and 16% of the total wheat consuming amount in the world in the current year, and the production of China has important significance for guaranteeing national grain safety.

However, as the living standard of people is improved and the cost of labor force and production data is continuously increased, the wheat production faces the challenges of improving quality, reducing cost and protecting environment; on the basis of the current good eating, the vast consumers have higher and higher requirements on high-quality, nutritional and healthy wheat products in the market, and the high-quality variety of wheat can not completely meet the market requirements; increasing labor and production data costs are increasingly limiting the competitiveness of the wheat industry.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the problems, the inventor utilizes mimai No. 6 wheat as a female parent and mimai No. 7 branched wheat as a male parent to perform hybridization to breed the English seed No. 1 wheat, and the seed consumption of the wheat of the variety can be reduced by about 30 percent per mu; the yield is improved by more than 10 percent on the original basis; improving the quality of wheat, such as increasing the protein content and the like.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the crossbreeding and propagating method of English 1 wheat includes the following steps:

(1) Selecting parents: taking mimai No. 6 wheat as a female parent and mimai No. 7 wheat as a male parent for hybridization;

(2) Castration and pollination: castration is carried out on the female parent, a paper bag is immediately sleeved, the name of the female parent and the castration date are noted, and pollination can be carried out after the stigma is mature; after pollination, immediately sheathing a paper bag, noting the names of the male parent and the female parent and the pollination date, and then stripping the immature embryo for in vitro culture to obtain F1 generation wheat seeds;

(3) Generation-adding propagation and system selection: performing vernalization treatment and generation-adding propagation on the F1 generation wheat seeds to obtain F2 generation wheat seeds; performing vernalization treatment and generation-adding propagation on the F2 generation wheat seeds to obtain F3 generation wheat seeds; performing vernalization treatment and generation-adding propagation on the F3 generation wheat seeds to obtain F4 generation wheat seeds; and performing vernalization treatment on the F4 generation wheat seeds, and performing directional cultivation to obtain the English 1 # wheat.

Further, in step (1), the mother chooses robust primary scions, leaving 9 scions on top of the primary scions, each with 2 flowers with developed bases.

Further, in step (2), the castration operation is: clamping the whole wheat ear by using the thumb and middle finger of the left hand, slightly pressing the inner glume and the outer glume of the flower one by using the index finger, and inserting the three anthers into the small flower by using the forceps of the right hand, wherein the anthers are preferably removed at one time without hurting stigma, inner glume and outer glume and simultaneously without breaking the anthers; once the anther is pinched, the small flower is removed, and the tip of the forceps is scrubbed by an alcohol cotton ball to kill the pollen attached to the small flower; emasculation should be performed from top to bottom in sequence without omission.

Further, in the step (2), the stigmas are ripe 1 to 3 days after the castration; the stripping of the young embryo is carried out after pollination for 25-28 days.

Furthermore, the stigmas are mature 1 to 3 days after castration, and then pollination can be carried out, but because the earning period of the variety is different from the current temperature and the like, the stigmas are mature at different speeds, especially under the high-temperature condition, the stigmas can be mature 1 to 2 days after castration, and some stigmas are mature even during castration, so that the pollination is carried out timely when the opportunity is favorable, and the maturing rate is improved.

Further, in the step (2), the pollination operation is: selecting flowers which have opened in the middle-upper part of the ear of the mimai No. 7 wheat, pressing the flowering inner and outer glumes with forceps, and clamping fresh yellow mature anthers for later use; at the time of pollination, the paper bag on the mimai No. 6 wheat ear was removed and the mature anthers were picked up and put in each flower of mimai No. 6 wheat in turn, and the anthers were gently rubbed on the stigma to ensure good stigma pollination.

Further, in the step (3), a greenhouse is adopted for vernalization in winter, a refrigerator is adopted for vernalization in summer, and the temperature is controlled to be 6-8 ℃ in the process of vernalization.

Further, in the step (3), the vernalization treatment and the additive generation propagation of the F1 generation, the F2 generation and the F3 generation comprise the following specific operations: (1) seedling and transplanting: grasping the suitable time for transplanting the wheat seedlings, sowing 270 wheat seeds in 10 days after 6 months, digging out the wheat seedlings in 25 days after 6 months, transplanting the wheat seedlings to fertile and high land to prevent the seedlings from waterlogging due to excessive rainwater in summer, wherein the row spacing is 20 cm, the plant spacing is 15 cm, planting is 8 square meters, and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in time after transplanting; (2) and (3) seedling recovering stage: the roots are injured, a recovery stage is provided after seedling planting, and the seedlings pass through the seedling reviving stage for 7 days from 25 days at 6 months to 2 days at 7 months; (3) a rising stage: the investigation result shows that the tillering of each plant is increased by 3.1 on average in 20 days in 7 months; (4) a rising and jointing stage: the wheat enters the rising and jointing stage in 22 days after 7 months, watering is carried out according to the water content of the soil, measures such as fertilization, pest control and the like are carried out, and a foundation is laid for the sound growth of the wheat, the increase of the number of single ears and the grain weight; (5) heading-grouting stage: heading is started at 18 days after 8 months, and the heading lasts from 18 days after 8 months to 15 days after 9 months for 27 days, and the rice can be harvested at the late stage of milk maturity, wherein the average single-plant heading rate during harvesting is 2.8 (756 spikes are harvested together), the average single-spike grain number is 87.2 seeds (65923 seeds are harvested together), and the thousand-grain weight is 37 g (4.87 jin of seeds are harvested together);

the temperature and humidity of day and night are not required, because the land generation is added, the natural temperature difference exists between day and night according to normal temperature, the soil humidity is about 70%, and the normal maturity is not influenced according to the normal temperature and the low temperature in the later wheat rising and filling stage.

Further, in the step (3), the vernalization treatment of the F4 generation includes: (1) transplanting: sowing F4 wheat seeds in the field in the last ten months of 9 months, digging out wheat seedlings in the last ten months of 10 months, and transplanting the wheat seedlings into a greenhouse; (2) and (3) seedling recovering stage: when wheat seedlings are excavated from the ground, the roots are injured, a recovery stage is provided after transplanting, namely a seedling reviving stage, at the moment, if the temperature in the greenhouse is too high, the transpiration of leaves is intensified, the leaves at the base part are withered, the growth and tillering are influenced, the temperature is too low, the seedling reviving stage is prolonged, therefore, in the stage, the temperature in the greenhouse is not more than 12 ℃ in the daytime at most, is not less than 10 ℃ at night, is controlled at 70-85%, and generally passes through the seedling reviving stage in 7 days.

Further, in the step (3), the specific operation of the directional cultivation is as follows: (1) a rising stage: after seedling slowing, in order to accelerate the growth of wheat seedlings, the temperature in the greenhouse is not more than 16 ℃ at the maximum in the daytime, not less than 10 ℃ at night, the average temperature is 13 ℃, and the humidity is 75 +/-2 percent within 9 days; in the first ten days of the jointing stage, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 16 ℃ at most in the daytime, not less than 9 ℃ at night and 12.5 ℃ in average daily temperature; (2) a joint removing stage: after the standing up is finished, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 15 ℃ at the maximum, and the daily average temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃; (3) heading-grouting stage: after the jointing is finished, the temperature in the greenhouse is increased to 25-33 ℃, so that the wheat seedlings are promoted to mature in advance, and the wheat is spilt; raising the temperature in the greenhouse to 33-38 ℃ after heading, promoting the early ripening of the seedlings, and harvesting the seedlings at the late stage of milk ripening.

Furthermore, the greenhouse has less sunshine, high temperature, high humidity and poor permeability, and the wheat is easy to cause damages such as powdery mildew, aphids and the like in the rising and jointing process, so that the pest control needs to be carried out in the jointing stage, and the specific operation method comprises the following steps: spraying the triadimefon with the concentration of 40% once, wherein the dosage is 50 milliliters per mu, so as to prevent powdery mildew; can be sprayed with 2500-5000 times of omethoate or imidacloprid to prevent aphid damage.

Further, in the heading-grouting period, 200ppm of sodium bisulfite aqueous solution is sprayed, and the spraying is carried out for 2-3 times from heading to grouting, wherein the interval between each time is 7-8 days, the thousand kernel weight can be improved by 2.2 g, the yield can be increased by 10.6%, the grouting speed can be promoted, the seeds are full, and the seeds are matured in advance for 3-5 days.

Further, the inventor obtains the suitable planting area or environment condition of the English seed No. 1 wheat through years of experiments, and the cultivation technical points are as follows:

(1) The English 1 wheat is in the branch type, the number of small ears per ear is 30-52, the number of grains per ear is 60-190, and the condition of rich water is different. The granules are all of medium size, and are suitable for large-area medium or more rich water soil planting. Years of propagation and cultivation experiments of the inventor show that: the average yield per mu is 650 kg under the condition of rich water above medium water, the yield is increased by more than 15 percent compared with mimai No. 6, the early ripening is performed for 1 day, and the yield per mu is 542-650 kg under the condition of high rich water;

(2) The method is suitable for areas: the English 1 wheat is propagated at high power by adopting outer region additional generation and sparse planting from the additional generation so as to shorten the breeding period. Because the plant is formed by artificial selection under different ecological conditions, the plant can be planted under the conditions of moderate or more water and fertilizer in the reaction of light intensity and the like. After the English seed No. 1 is bred, in order to accelerate seed propagation, the generation-increasing high-power propagation is carried out in places such as Shandong Texas, binzhou and the like from 2017, the growth and development of the soil are good, and the wide adaptability is proved;

(3) The cultivation key points are as follows: the variety is suitable for ecological planting in brown soil, sandy black soil, jinan No. 17 (primary No. 924142 planting area) and the like, or planting under the condition of high rich water with the average yield per mu of more than 350 kilograms. Sowing in Shandong province at a sowing period of 10 months, 25 days to 11 months and 10 days or at a daily average temperature of 8-13 ℃ (because the wheat strain is weak winter, the freezing injury is prevented from appearing too early in sowing), sowing is carried out at a seed quantity of 6-8 kg per mu, the seed quantity is reduced or increased according to the morning and evening of sowing, the sowing row spacing is 18-20 cm, organic fertilizer is additionally applied before sowing, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer are used in combination, water is poured to freeze more according to the water content of soil before the year, intertillage and hoe are enhanced in a green returning period, management is carried out according to the growth condition of wheat after jointing, and aphids and other plant diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated in the middle and later periods.

The invention relates to application of English seed No. 1 wheat in breeding.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the method selects mimai No. 6 wheat as a female parent and mimai No. 7 wheat as a male parent for hybridization, castration is carried out on the female parent, the stigma is mature after 1 to 3 days, pollination can be carried out, young embryos are stripped and isolated for culture after 25 to 28 days of pollination, F1 generation wheat seeds are obtained, and multiple vernalization and multiple generational propagation are carried out on the F1 generation wheat seeds to obtain F4 generation wheat seeds; and vernalizing the F4 generation wheat seeds, and performing directional cultivation to obtain the English seed No. 1 wheat. The English seed No. 1 wheat obtained by the breeding method has late maturity, strong seedling emergence force and high tillering and heading rate; the seedling has weak winter property, early green turning, semi-creeping seedling, developed root system and strong growth force and cold resistance; the three-rust light-feeling sheath blight and powdery mildew are resisted, the plant type is compact, the growth phase is clear, the leaves are light green from the stem pulling stage to the flag picking stage, the leaves are dark green after the flag picking, the leaves are curled and lifted, the leaves are slightly dry and sharp at the later stage, the leaves are white and have earhair, the live stems are mature, and the stems are waxy; after the emergence of the spikes and flowering, the spikes and plants are in the same color, the spike forming rate is high, the stems are hard, the plant height is about 60 cm, the spikes are lodging-resistant and dry hot air-resistant, the length of the spikes is 10-14cm, the width is 2-4cm, the thickness is 1.5-2cm, the top awns, the white shells, the glume protection elliptical shape, no glume shoulders and sharp glume mouths are formed; the grains are oval, the length of the grains is about 0.6 cm, the width of the grains is 0.34 cm, the depth of wheat furrows (concave parts) is about 0.16 cm, the grains are light brown, the half cutin and the grain plumpness are medium, the variation range of thousand seed weight is small, and the average thousand seed weight is about 40 g. Has the characteristic of ear branching and flowering. The yield increase potential is large, the high and stable yield is good, the grain number of single spike is 60-190 grains, the grain number varies according to the soil fertility conditions, the mouth shape is medium, and the average yield per mu is 650 kilograms.

The English seed No. 1 wheat variety can reduce the seed consumption by about 30 percent per mu of land, improve the yield by more than 10 percent on the original basis, and improve the wheat quality, such as the protein content (generally, the wheat is about 13 percent, and the protein of English seed No. 1 is about 15 percent). The English seed No. 1 wheat is branched wheat with a single ear number of 60-190, and has specificity; over 3 years from 2017, a generation-adding propagation method is adopted, the variety is planted in high-fertilizer and medium-fertilizer plots, various characteristics are kept consistent, and the variety has wide adaptability; after the English seed 1 wheat is cultivated and propagated in a field or a greenhouse, the original characteristics and characteristics of the variety, particularly the seed character, are maintained, and other grain shapes and grain kernels are never separated from each generation, which indicates that the English seed 1 wheat is a new wheat variety with stable heredity.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.

Taking the climate environment in the northwest luzhou as an example, the embodiment provides a crossbreeding and breeding method of the number 1 english wheat, which comprises the following specific steps:

(1) Taking mimai No. 6 wheat as a female parent and taking mimai No. 7 wheat as a male parent to perform hybridization; the mother selects robust main ears, and leaves 9 small ears on the upper part of the main ear, and 2 small flowers with developed bases on each small ear.

(2) Castration is carried out on the female parent, and the castration method specifically comprises the following steps: clamping the whole wheat ear by using the thumb and middle finger of the left hand, slightly pressing the inner glume and the outer glume of the flower one by using the index finger, and inserting the three anthers into the small flower by using the forceps of the right hand, wherein the anthers are preferably removed at one time without hurting stigma, inner glume and outer glume and simultaneously without breaking the anthers; once the anther is pinched, the small flower is removed, and the tip of the forceps is scrubbed by an alcohol cotton ball to kill the pollen attached to the small flower; emasculation should be performed from top to bottom in sequence without omission.

(3) And (3) immediately covering a paper bag after the female parent is castrated, noting the name of the female parent and the castration date, and after 1-3 days of castration, maturing stigma, and then pollinating: selecting flowers which have opened in the middle-upper part of the ear of the mimai No. 7 wheat, pressing the flowering inner and outer glumes with forceps, and clamping fresh yellow mature anthers for later use; in pollination, the paper bag on mimai No. 6 wheat ear is removed and the mature anthers are picked up and placed in each flower of mimai No. 6 wheat in turn, and in order to ensure good stigma pollination, the anthers need to be lightly rubbed on the stigma. After pollination, immediately sheathing a paper bag, noting the names of the male parent and the female parent and the pollination date, and stripping young embryos for in vitro culture after pollination is carried out for 25-28 days to obtain F1 generation wheat seeds;

(4) Performing vernalization treatment and generational propagation on the F1 generation wheat seeds, wherein the specific operations of the vernalization treatment and generational propagation of the F1 generation are as follows:

(1) seedling and transplanting: the suitable time for transplanting the wheat seedlings is mastered, 270 wheat seeds are sown in 10 days in 6 months, the wheat seedlings are dug out in 25 days in 6 months and are transplanted to fertile and high land so as to prevent waterlogging from occurring in summer due to excessive rainwater, the seedlings are waterlogged, the row spacing is 20 cm during transplanting, the plant spacing is 15 cm, 8 square meters are planted, and the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented in time after transplanting;

(2) and (3) seedling recovering stage: the roots are injured, a recovery stage is provided after seedling planting, and the seedlings pass through the seedling reviving stage for 7 days from 25 days at 6 months to 2 days at 7 months;

(3) a rising stage: the investigation result shows that the tillering of each plant is increased by 3.1 on average in 20 days in 7 months;

(4) rising and jointing stage: the wheat enters the rising and jointing stage within 7 months and 22 days, watering is carried out according to the water content of the soil, measures such as fertilization, pest control and the like are carried out, and a foundation is laid for the wheat to grow vigorously and increasing the number of single ears and the grain weight;

(5) heading-grouting stage: heading is started at 18 days of 8 months, heading is started from 18 days of 8 months to 15 days of 9 months for 27 days, harvesting can be carried out at the late stage of milk maturity, the average single-plant heading rate during harvesting is 2.8 (756 spikes are harvested together), the average single-spike grain number is 87.2 seeds (65923 seeds are harvested together), the thousand-grain weight is 37 g (4.87 jin of seeds are harvested together), and F2 generation wheat seeds are obtained;

repeating the vernalization treatment and the generation-adding propagation on the F2 generation wheat seeds to obtain F3 generation wheat seeds; and repeating the vernalization treatment and the generation-adding propagation on the F3 generation wheat seeds to obtain F4 generation wheat seeds.

(5) Vernalization treatment is carried out on the F4 generation wheat seeds:

(1) transplanting: sowing F4 wheat seeds in the field in the last ten months of 9 months, digging out wheat seedlings in the last ten months of 10 months, and transplanting the wheat seedlings into a greenhouse;

(2) a seedling recovering stage: when wheat seedlings are excavated from the ground, the roots are injured, a recovery stage is provided after transplanting, namely a seedling reviving stage, at the moment, if the temperature in the greenhouse is too high, the transpiration of leaves is intensified, the leaves at the base part wither to influence growth and tillering, the temperature is too low, and the seedling reviving stage is prolonged, so that the temperature in the greenhouse is not more than 12 ℃ at most in the daytime, is not less than 10 ℃ at night, is controlled at 70-85%, and generally passes through the seedling reviving stage in 7 days.

(6) Carrying out directional cultivation on F4-generation wheat seedlings:

(1) a rising stage: after seedling slowing, in order to accelerate the growth of wheat seedlings, the temperature in the greenhouse is not more than 16 ℃ at most in the daytime, not less than 10 ℃ at night, the average temperature is 13 ℃, and the humidity is 75 +/-2% within 9 days; in the first ten days of the jointing stage, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 16 ℃ at most in the daytime, not less than 9 ℃ at night and 12.5 ℃ in average daily temperature;

(2) a joint removing stage: after the uprising process is finished, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 15 ℃ at the highest, the daily average temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃, the sunshine in the greenhouse is less, the temperature is high, the humidity is high, the permeability is poor, and the wheat uprising and jointing process is easy to cause damages such as powdery mildew, aphids and the like, so that the pest control is required to be carried out in the jointing stage, and the specific operation method comprises the following steps: spraying the triadimefon with the concentration of 40% once, wherein the dosage is 50 milliliters per mu, so as to prevent powdery mildew; spraying omethoate or imidacloprid in 2500-5000 times amount to prevent and control aphid damage;

(3) heading-grouting stage: after the jointing is finished, the temperature in the greenhouse is increased to 25-33 ℃, so that the wheat seedlings are promoted to mature in advance, and the wheat is spilt; the temperature in the greenhouse is increased to 33-38 ℃ after heading, early ripening is promoted, 200ppm sodium bisulfite aqueous solution is sprayed, 2-3 times are sprayed in the period from heading to grain filling, the interval between each time is 7-8 days, the thousand kernel weight can be increased by 2.2 g, the yield is increased by 10.6%, the grain filling speed can be promoted, grains are plump, the grains are ripened for 3-5 days in advance, and the wheat of the English seed number 1 is harvested in the late stage of milk ripening.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and shall cover the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A crossbreeding and breeding method of No. 1 English wheat is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Selecting parents: taking mimai No. 6 wheat as a female parent and taking mimai No. 7 wheat as a male parent to perform hybridization;

(3) Generation-adding propagation and system selection: performing vernalization treatment and generation-adding propagation on the F1 generation wheat seeds to obtain F2 generation wheat seeds; performing vernalization treatment and generation-adding propagation on the F2 generation wheat seeds to obtain F3 generation wheat seeds; performing vernalization treatment and generation-adding propagation on the F3 generation wheat seeds to obtain F4 generation wheat seeds; vernalizing the F4 generation wheat seeds, and performing directional cultivation to obtain the English 1 # wheat;

in the step (3), the vernalization treatment and generational propagation of the F1 generation, the F2 generation and the F3 generation comprise the following specific operations: (1) seedling and transplanting: the suitable time for transplanting the wheat seedlings is mastered, 270 wheat seeds are sown in 10 days in 6 months, the wheat seedlings are dug out in 25 days in 6 months and transplanted on fertile and high land, the row spacing is 20 cm, the plant spacing is 15 cm during transplanting, 8 square meters are planted, and the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated in time after transplanting; (2) and (3) seedling recovering stage: passing through the seedling recovering stage from 25 days in 6 months to 2 days in 7 months; (3) a rising stage: 3.1 tillers are increased on each plant on the average in 20 days in 7 months; (4) rising and jointing stage: the wheat enters the rising and jointing stage within 7 months and 22 days, watering is carried out according to the water content of the soil, and fertilization and pest control measures are carried out; (5) heading-grouting stage: heading at 18 days 8-8, and harvesting at the end of milk maturity from 18 days 8-9-15 days for 27 days;

in the step (3), the vernalization treatment of the F4 generation comprises the following specific operations: (1) transplanting: sowing F4 wheat seeds in the field in the last ten months of 9 months, digging out wheat seedlings in the last ten months of 10 months, and transplanting the wheat seedlings into a greenhouse; (2) and (3) seedling recovering stage: when the wheat seedlings are excavated from the ground, because the roots of the wheat seedlings are injured, a recovery stage is provided after transplanting, namely a seedling reviving stage, in the stage, the temperature in the greenhouse is not more than 12 ℃ at the maximum in the daytime, not less than 10 ℃ at night, the humidity is controlled to be 70-85%, and the wheat seedlings pass through the seedling reviving stage in 7 days;

the specific operation of the directional cultivation is as follows: (1) a rising stage: after seedling slowing, in order to accelerate the growth of wheat seedlings, the temperature in the greenhouse is not more than 16 ℃ at most in the daytime, not less than 10 ℃ at night, the average temperature is 13 ℃, and the humidity is 75 +/-2% within 9 days; in the first ten days of the jointing stage, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 16 ℃ at most in the daytime, not less than 9 ℃ at night and 12.5 ℃ in average daily temperature; (2) a joint removing stage: after rising, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not more than 15 ℃ at the maximum, and the daily average temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃; (3) heading-grouting stage: after the jointing is finished, the temperature in the greenhouse is increased to 25-33 ℃, so that the wheat seedlings are promoted to mature in advance, and the wheat is spilt; raising the temperature in the greenhouse to 33-38 ℃ after heading, promoting the early ripening of the seedlings, and harvesting the seedlings at the final stage of milk ripening;

the pest control is carried out at the jointing stage, and the specific operation method comprises the following steps: spraying the triadimefon with the concentration of 40% once, wherein the dosage is 50 milliliters per mu, so as to prevent powdery mildew; spraying with 2500-5000 times of omethoate or imidacloprid to prevent aphid damage;

and in the heading-grouting period, 200ppm of sodium bisulfite water solution is sprayed, and the spraying is carried out for 2 to 3 times in the heading-grouting period, wherein the interval is 7 to 8 days.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the robust main ear is selected as the female parent, and the 9 small ears on the upper portion of the main ear are retained, with 2 small flowers with good basal development remaining on each small ear.

3. The method for crossbreeding and propagating English seed No. 1 wheat according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the emasculation operation is specifically: clamping the whole ear of wheat by using the thumb and the middle finger of the left hand, slightly pressing the inner glumes and the outer glumes of the flower one by using the index finger, and inserting the three anthers into the small flower by using forceps of the right hand to clamp the stigmas, the inner glumes and the outer glumes without damaging the stigmas and simultaneously not clamping the anthers; once the anther is pinched, the small flower should be removed, and the tip of the forceps should be scrubbed with an alcohol cotton ball; emasculation should be performed sequentially from top to bottom.

4. The method for crossbreeding and propagating English seed No. 1 wheat, according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the pollination operation is: selecting the flower which has opened in the middle upper part of the ear of the mimai No. 7 wheat, pressing the flowering inner glumes and outer glumes with forceps, and clamping the fresh yellow mature anther for later use; in pollination, the paper bag on mimai No. 6 wheat ear is removed and the mature anthers are picked up and placed in each flower of mimai No. 6 wheat in turn, and in order to ensure good stigma pollination, the anthers need to be lightly rubbed on the stigma.

5. The method for crossbreeding and propagating English 1 wheat according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the stigmas are mature 1-3 days after castration; the stripping of the young embryo is carried out after pollination for 25-28 days.

6. Use of the lnconet No. 1 wheat of any one of claims 1-5 in breeding.