CN111088783B - Method for collecting water surface floating garbage by using Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector - Google Patents
Method for collecting water surface floating garbage by using Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector Download PDFInfo
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- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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- E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for collecting water surface floating garbage by a Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector, which aims at stabilizing a garbage recovery period, and obtains a final stable recovery period by carrying out field installation according to an initial calculation period and carrying out feedback adjustment according to the garbage recovery condition each time so as to finally realize sustainable and stable recovery of the water surface floating garbage. Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize the automatic collection of the water surface garbage by reasonably distributing a certain number of collectors on the river, improve the water surface garbage collection efficiency, save manpower, material resources and energy, reduce the operation cost, realize the periodicity and sustainability of garbage recovery and provide convenience for the cleaning work of the garbage in the water area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of river environment garbage cleaning equipment, in particular to a method for collecting floating garbage on a water surface by a Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector.
Background
With the gradual acceleration of the urbanization process, various urban landscape water areas, small artificial lakes and the like are continuously emerged, and various urban artificial landscape water areas and water ecological restoration construction projects are also continuously emerged. However, the main pollutants in the urban river channels of China, especially in part of the landscape water bodies, are floating garbage, have high ecological harmfulness and seriously affect the appearance of the city. At present, the working cost for cleaning up garbage and regularly organizing and fishing in water areas such as riverways every day is high, the collection mode is single, and the method for manually fishing the garbage is more original, namely, the net bag is held by workers and the net bag is stood on a ship to directly fish the floating objects on the water surface. This kind of mode needs more labour, and operating condition is poor, and is consuming time more, and efficiency is lower. Therefore, the development of mechanical and automatic water surface garbage collectors is imperative.
The existing water surface floater collecting device is mainly divided into a conveyor belt type, a bucket type, a rotary type, a grab type and the like according to different salvaging modes. However, from the collected hull parameters of various ships, the ships have large models and are not limited by regions, and the ships are not suitable for garbage collection in small watersheds. (for example, the length of the water cleaning ship is 7.4m, and the length, the width and the height of the ocean cleaning flat-bottomed ship are respectively 30m, 10m and 2.3m) so that a small garbage collector is to be developed, which can be separated from manpower, can automatically collect garbage, and greatly saves the manpower and reduces the cost through uniform secondary recovery treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and providing a method for collecting floating garbage on a water surface by using a Venturi type collector for floating garbage on a water surface. The matched Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector realizes the unpowered automatic collection and sustainable recovery scheme of the water surface floating garbage.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of collecting water surface floating debris by a venturi-type water surface floating debris collector, said venturi-type water surface floating debris collector comprising:
the garbage collecting and storing device is provided with a filter screen, a storage barrel, a baffle plate and a garbage collecting tank, wherein the filter screen is connected with the rear end of the storage barrel and communicated with the storage barrel, the garbage collecting tank is connected with the lower part of the front end of the storage barrel and communicated with the storage barrel, the bottom of the garbage collecting tank is provided with filter holes, the baffle plate is arranged on the upper part of the front end of the storage barrel,
the garbage absorption power generation device is provided with a small-diameter throat pipe, and a reducing water inlet and a reducing water outlet which are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the small-diameter throat pipe, wherein the small-diameter throat pipe is communicated with the filtering holes through a vertical communicating pipe and is positioned below the garbage absorption power generation device;
the method for collecting the floating garbage on the water surface comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the optimal arrangement position of a Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector by measuring and counting the flow speed of a target river reach of a river channel to be cleaned, and estimating the garbage flow and the arrangement quantity of the collectors;
(2) arranging and fixing the Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector at the optimal arrangement position determined in the step (1);
(3) calculating according to the garbage flow and the distribution quantity of the collectors estimated in the step (1) to obtain a garbage recovery period, replacing the filter screen once after the garbage recovery period is finished each time, evaluating the garbage collection condition of the collectors, and adjusting the positions of the collectors and the recovery period according to the garbage collection condition of the filter screen;
(4) and (4) repeating the step (3) until a stable garbage recycling period is obtained through adjustment, and forming a mode automatic garbage collecting mode (entering a recycling mode stage of sustainable development).
The method comprises the steps of measuring the flow velocity of a target river reach by using a current meter, uniformly distributing velocity measurement sampling points in the target river reach, carrying out point distribution and velocity measurement according to a preset level and depth interval, drawing a three-dimensional flow velocity distribution cloud picture of the target river reach after collecting sample data, and selecting a plurality of maximum flow velocity positions on the same horizontal plane of the depth of a waste absorption power generation device of the Venturi type water surface floating waste collector according to the three-dimensional flow velocity distribution cloud picture to serve as the optimal arrangement position of the Venturi type water surface floating waste collector.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the preset horizontal and depth intervals are 1m horizontal interval and 1m depth interval, respectively.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the depth of the garbage absorption power generating device of the Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector is determined according to on-site river research of a target river reach and an ANSYS FLUENT fluid simulation test.
When determining the depth of the power generating device, firstly, the information of width, depth, average flow speed and the like is measured on the spot of the river reach, and then the measured parameters are input into the ANSYS FLENT model. By continuously changing the depth of the waste absorption power generation device in the model and operating the model, the waste collection rate represented by the area of the negative pressure area on the surface of the river under different depths can be obtained, and the depth corresponding to the maximum value of the waste collection rate is selected as the depth for installing the waste absorption power device on site.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the method comprises the steps of intercepting the garbage flow for multiple times in a time period by using a filter screen on site according to the existing hydrological observation data, taking the maximum value of the garbage flow as the estimated garbage flow of the target river reach, and further calculating and calculating the number of the collectors according to the estimated garbage flow and the garbage storage volume of the selected collectors.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in the step (3), the position and the recycling period of the collector are adjusted by selecting a collector with a larger garbage storage volume for a collector with a larger garbage collection amount or additionally arranging a collector adjacent to the collector, or/and selecting a collector with a smaller garbage storage volume for a collector with a smaller garbage collection amount.
The preferable technical scheme of the invention also comprises the step of classifying the recycled garbage.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the operation of replacing the filter screen can be completed manually. A new round of garbage collection is started by taking out the screen of the venturi-type water floating garbage collector, taking out it together with the garbage therein, and replacing the collecting screen with a new one.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the lower part of the storage cylinder is positioned in water.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the storage cylinder is in a horizontal cylindrical shape.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the filter screen is in a hemispherical shell shape.
As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the top of the garbage collection tank is open.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the garbage collection groove is in the shape of 1/4 spherical shells.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the reducing water inlet and the reducing water outlet are both trumpet-shaped.
As the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the small-diameter throat is horizontally arranged, and the middle part of the small-diameter throat is communicated with the vertical communicating pipe.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: when the garbage collecting and storing device is used, the lower part of the storage cylinder is positioned in water, the garbage absorbing and power generating device with the Venturi effect is completely positioned below the water surface, local negative pressure is generated when water flow under the water surface in the center of a river flows through the Venturi effect reducer pipe, so that suction force for sucking garbage into the garbage collecting tank is obtained, the garbage collecting and storing device is started from the upper edge of the garbage collecting tank, the upper part of the garbage collecting and storing device is positioned in the air above the water surface, the lower part of the garbage collecting and storing device is arranged below the water surface and used for absorbing and storing solid floating garbage on the water surface, the vertical communicating pipe is used for connecting the garbage absorbing and power generating device and the garbage collecting and storing device and plays a role in transmitting negative pressure, a filter screen at the rear part of the garbage. The baffle can prevent the absorbed garbage from floating out. The vertical communicating pipe and the collecting tank joint are provided with filter holes (holes with filter screens), so that the solid floating garbage on the water surface is prevented from being blocked and the absorption effect is prevented from being influenced. The variable-diameter water inlet of the garbage absorption power generation device can increase the flow velocity of water, the flow velocity increase pressure can be reduced according to the hydrodynamics Bernoulli equation, the variable-diameter water outlet of the garbage absorption power generation device can enable water flow to smoothly diffuse when flowing out, the flow velocity is stably reduced, static pressure is recovered, a vortex is hardly generated, and pressure loss is very small.
Compared with the prior art, the invention uses the Venturi effect as the collection power source of the water surface floating garbage, and forms a set of complete water surface floating garbage collection and sustainable recovery method by using the collector based on the Venturi effect, and has the following beneficial effects:
through the venturi type surface of water floating garbage collector of reasonable distribution certain quantity on the river, can realize the automatic collection to the surface of water rubbish, improve surface of water rubbish collection efficiency, use manpower sparingly, material resources and energy have reduced the operating cost to realize the cyclicity of rubbish recovery, sustainable, provide convenience for the cleaning work of waters rubbish.
The Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector mainly aims at the water surface floating garbage collection, a certain pressure difference is generated on the water surface through the Venturi effect, the water surface floating garbage can be passively sucked into the collecting and storing device through the negative pressure in the vertical communication pipe, and the effect of purifying the river water surface environment is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the Venturi type surface floating garbage collection of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the Venturi type surface floating garbage collection of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the Venturi type surface floating garbage collection of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of the method for collecting floating garbage on a water surface according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a filter screen, 2 is a storage cylinder, 3 is a baffle, 4 is a garbage collection groove, 5 is a filter hole, 6 is a reducing water inlet, 7 is a small-diameter throat pipe, 8 is a reducing water outlet, and 9 is a vertical communicating pipe.
Detailed Description
A method for collecting water surface floating garbage by a Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector is disclosed, wherein the Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector comprises a garbage collecting and storing device and a garbage absorption power generation device as shown in figures 1-4: the garbage collection and storage device is provided with a filter screen 1, a storage barrel 2, a baffle plate 3 and a garbage collection tank 4, wherein the filter screen 1 is connected to the rear end of the storage barrel 2 and communicated with the storage barrel 2, the garbage collection tank 4 is connected to the lower part of the front end of the storage barrel 2 and communicated with the storage barrel 2, a filter hole 5 is formed in the bottom of the garbage collection tank 4, and the baffle plate 3 is arranged on the upper part of the front end of the storage barrel 2; the garbage absorption power generation device is provided with a small-diameter throat pipe 7, and a reducing water inlet 6 and a reducing water outlet 8 which are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the small-diameter throat pipe 7, wherein the small-diameter throat pipe 7 is communicated with the filtering holes 5 through a vertical communicating pipe 9 and is positioned below the garbage absorption power generation device.
The method for collecting water surface floating garbage, as shown in fig. 5, comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the optimal arrangement position of a Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector by measuring and counting the flow speed of a target river reach of a river channel to be cleaned, and estimating the garbage flow and the arrangement quantity of the collectors;
(2) arranging and fixing the Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector at the optimal arrangement position determined in the step (1);
(3) calculating according to the garbage flow and the distribution quantity of the collectors estimated in the step (1) to obtain a garbage recovery period, replacing the filter screen once after the garbage recovery period is finished each time, evaluating the garbage collection condition of the collectors, and adjusting the positions of the collectors and the recovery period according to the garbage collection condition of the filter screen;
(4) and (4) repeating the step (3) until a stable garbage recycling period is obtained through adjustment, and forming a mode automatic garbage collecting mode (entering a recycling mode stage of sustainable development).
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of classifying the recycled garbage.
Preferably, the operation of replacing the screen is performed manually. A new round of garbage collection is started by taking out the screen of the venturi-type water floating garbage collector, taking out it together with the garbage therein, and replacing the collecting screen with a new one. Furthermore, an openable storage bin upper cover can be arranged at the upper part of the storage barrel 2, so that the garbage can be taken out conveniently.
Preferably, a current meter is adopted to measure the current speed of the target river reach, speed measurement sampling points are uniformly distributed in the target river reach, point distribution and speed measurement are carried out according to a preset level and depth interval, a three-dimensional current speed distribution cloud picture of the target river reach is drawn after sample data is collected, and a plurality of maximum current speed positions are selected on the same horizontal plane of the depth where the waste absorption power generating device of the Venturi type water surface floating waste collector is located according to the three-dimensional current speed distribution cloud picture and serve as the optimal arrangement position of the Venturi type water surface floating waste collector. It is further preferable that the preset horizontal and depth intervals are 1m horizontal interval and 1m depth interval, respectively.
Preferably, the depth of the waste absorption power generating means of the Venturi type surface floating waste collector is determined according to the on-site river research of the target river reach and the ANSYS FLUENT fluid simulation test. Further preferably, when determining the depth of the power generation device, information such as the width, depth, and average flow velocity is measured at the site of the river, and then the measured parameters are input to the ANSYS FLENT model. By continuously changing the depth of the waste absorption power generation device in the model and operating the model, the waste collection rate represented by the area of the negative pressure area on the surface of the river under different depths can be obtained, and the depth corresponding to the maximum value of the waste collection rate is selected as the depth for installing the waste absorption power device on site.
Preferably, the garbage flow is intercepted by using a filter screen on site and counted for multiple times in a time period according to the existing hydrological observation data, the maximum value of the garbage flow is taken as the estimated garbage flow of the target river reach, and the quantity of the collectors is further calculated according to the estimated garbage flow and the garbage storage volume of the selected collectors.
Preferably, in step (3), the position and recycling period of the collector are adjusted by selecting a collector with a larger garbage storage volume for a collector with a larger garbage collection amount or additionally arranging a collector adjacent to the collector, or/and selecting a collector with a smaller garbage storage volume for a collector with a smaller garbage collection amount.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1
The width of a river in a certain city is 10m, the average flow speed is 1m/s, and the average water depth is 2 m.
And (3) measuring the speed of the river at intervals of 1m in width and 1m in water depth by using a current meter, and drawing a three-dimensional current distribution cloud picture by using the collected sample. Through ANSYS FLUENT simulation tests, the optimal depth of the power generation device of the Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector is 0.6 m. The flow velocity distribution cloud was marked by making a cross section at 0.6m, and taking an extreme point on the cross section.
And temporarily setting an interception net on the river, counting the interception volume of the garbage at an interval of one hour, and repeatedly testing for multiple days to obtain a garbage flow distribution table. And taking the maximum value in the table as a garbage flow standard value (estimated garbage flow), and further solving the quantity of the required collectors according to the garbage storage volume of the selected collectors (the collectors with different specifications are selected in advance) according to the garbage flow standard value.
And finally determining the plane arrangement of the collectors by combining the data, carrying out batch production of the collectors, and fixing the collectors by manually carrying out underwater operation.
And installing a collecting filter screen on the collector, adjusting the orientation, and starting operation. And (4) manually replacing the filter screens of the collectors according to the calculated period interval for a period of time, and observing the collection condition of the collectors. The position and the recovery period of the collector are adjusted by selecting the collector with larger garbage storage volume for the collector with more garbage collection or increasing the arrangement of the adjacent collectors or/and selecting the collector with smaller garbage storage volume for the collector with less garbage collection.
The process of replacing the filter screen and adjusting is repeated until the period of each collector tends to be stable, a sustainable development garbage collection mode is formed, and the river surface cleaning and the long-term stable and sustainable recovery of garbage are guaranteed.
The method for floating the garbage is based on the developed unpowered water surface collector, aims at stabilizing the garbage recovery period, is installed on site according to the initial calculation period, and performs feedback adjustment according to the garbage recovery condition every time, so that the final stable recovery period is obtained, and the sustainable stable recovery of the garbage floating on the water surface is finally realized.
For the Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector in the embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-4:
preferably, in this embodiment, the storage cylinder 2 is in the form of a horizontal cylinder. In use, the lower part of the cartridge 2 is located in the water. Filter screen 1 is convenient for the circulation of river, also can block simultaneously and save rubbish, and filter screen 1 is hemisphere shell shape in the preferred embodiment, and filter screen 1's edge and the marginal zonulae occludens of storage cylinder 2. Preferably, the baffle 3 is semicircular, and the edge of the baffle 3 is tightly combined with the upper edge of the storage cylinder. It is preferable that the top of the garbage collection chute 4 in this embodiment is open, and it is further preferable that the garbage collection chute 4 has an 1/4 spherical shell shape (a shape obtained by dividing a hemispherical shell shape into two), as shown in fig. 1 and 2. Preferably, the reducing water inlet 6 and the reducing water outlet 8 are both trumpet-shaped, and the small-diameter throat pipe 7 is tightly bonded with the reducing water inlet 6 and the reducing water outlet 8. Further preferably, the small-diameter throat 7 is horizontally arranged, and the middle part of the small-diameter throat 7 is communicated with the vertical communicating pipe 9.
When the garbage collecting and storing device is used, the lower part of the storage cylinder is positioned in water, the garbage absorbing and power generating device with the Venturi effect is completely positioned below the water surface, local negative pressure is generated when water flow under the water surface in the center of a river flows through the Venturi effect reducer pipe, so that suction force for sucking garbage into the garbage collecting tank is obtained, the garbage collecting and storing device is started from the upper edge of the garbage collecting tank, the upper part of the garbage collecting and storing device is positioned in the air above the water surface, the lower part of the garbage collecting and storing device is arranged below the water surface and used for absorbing and storing solid floating garbage on the water surface, the vertical communicating pipe is used for connecting the garbage absorbing and power generating device and the garbage collecting and storing device and plays a role in transmitting negative pressure, a filter screen at the rear part of the garbage. The baffle can prevent the absorbed garbage from floating out. The vertical communicating pipe and the collecting tank joint are provided with filter holes (holes with filter screens), so that the solid floating garbage on the water surface is prevented from being blocked and the absorption effect is prevented from being influenced. The variable-diameter water inlet of the garbage absorption power generation device can increase the flow velocity of water, the flow velocity increase pressure can be reduced according to the hydrodynamics Bernoulli equation, the variable-diameter water outlet of the garbage absorption power generation device can enable water flow to smoothly diffuse when flowing out, the flow velocity is stably reduced, static pressure is recovered, a vortex is hardly generated, and pressure loss is very small.
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate the understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for collecting floating garbage on water surface by a Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector is characterized in that,
the Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector comprises:
a garbage collecting and storing device is provided with a filter screen (1), a storage cylinder (2), a baffle plate (3) and a garbage collecting tank (4), wherein the filter screen (1) is connected with the rear end of the storage cylinder (2) and communicated with the storage cylinder (2), the garbage collecting tank (4) is connected with the lower part of the front end of the storage cylinder (2) and communicated with the storage cylinder (2), the bottom of the garbage collecting tank (4) is provided with a filter hole (5), the baffle plate (3) is arranged on the upper part of the front end of the storage cylinder (2),
the garbage absorption power generation device is provided with a small-diameter throat pipe (7), and a reducing water inlet (6) and a reducing water outlet (8) which are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the small-diameter throat pipe (7), wherein the small-diameter throat pipe (7) is communicated with the filtering holes (5) through a vertical communicating pipe (9) and is positioned below the garbage absorption power generation device;
the method for collecting the floating garbage on the water surface comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the optimal arrangement position of a Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector by measuring and counting the flow velocity of a target river reach of a river channel to be cleaned, wherein the optimal arrangement position is a plurality of positions with the maximum flow velocity on the same horizontal plane at the depth of the optimal arrangement position, and estimating the garbage flow and the arrangement number of the collectors;
(2) arranging and fixing the Venturi type water surface floating garbage collector at the optimal arrangement position determined in the step (1);
(3) calculating according to the garbage flow and the distribution quantity of the collectors estimated in the step (1) to obtain a garbage recovery period, replacing the filter screen once after the garbage recovery period is finished each time, evaluating the garbage collection condition of the collectors, and adjusting the positions of the collectors and the recovery period according to the garbage collection condition of the filter screen;
(4) and (4) repeating the step (3) until a stable garbage recycling period is obtained through adjustment, and forming a mode automatic garbage collection mode.
2. The method of collecting floating garbage on water surface by using said collector according to claim 1, wherein said flow meter is used to measure the flow velocity of said target river, said flow meter uniformly distributes sampling points for measuring the velocity of said target river, said sampling points are spaced according to a predetermined distance between said target river and said depth, said sampling points are used to measure the velocity of said target river, said sampling points are used to collect sample data, said sampling points are used to draw a three-dimensional cloud map of said target river, and said cloud map is used to select several places with maximum flow velocity on the same horizontal plane as said depth of said garbage absorption power generator of said collector as the optimal position for said collector.
3. The method for collecting water surface floating debris by the venturi-type water surface floating debris collector as claimed in claim 2, wherein the predetermined horizontal and depth intervals are 1m horizontal interval and 1m depth interval, respectively.
4. The method for collecting water surface floating debris by a venturi-type water surface floating debris collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth at which the debris absorbing power generating means of the venturi-type water surface floating debris collector is located is determined according to the investigation of the river at the site of the target river section and the simulation test of ANSYS FLUENT fluid.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of collectors is further calculated according to the estimated garbage flow and the garbage storage volume of the selected collector.
6. The method for collecting floating debris on a water surface using a Venturi type collector for water floating debris according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the position and the recovery period of the collector are adjusted by selecting a collector with a larger debris storage volume for a collector with a larger debris collection amount or additionally arranging a collector adjacent to the collector, or/and selecting a collector with a smaller debris storage volume for a collector with a smaller debris collection amount.
7. The method of collecting water surface floating debris with a venturi-type water surface floating debris collector of claim 1, further comprising subjecting the collected debris to a classification process.
8. The method of collecting water surface floating debris with a venturi-type water surface floating debris collector as set forth in claim 1, wherein the operation of replacing the strainer is performed manually.
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