WO2023284229A1 - River model test system and test method for microflorae in river confluences, branches and bends - Google Patents
River model test system and test method for microflorae in river confluences, branches and bends Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023284229A1 WO2023284229A1 PCT/CN2021/135231 CN2021135231W WO2023284229A1 WO 2023284229 A1 WO2023284229 A1 WO 2023284229A1 CN 2021135231 W CN2021135231 W CN 2021135231W WO 2023284229 A1 WO2023284229 A1 WO 2023284229A1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 218
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012009 microbiological test Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108700005443 Microbial Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/02—Hydraulic models
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- the invention relates to a river engineering model test system and test method for river confluence, branch branching and bending microbial communities, belonging to the technical field of river engineering models.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a river confluence, branch and bending microbial community river engineering model test system and test method, which combines the river engineering simulation test method and the microbial degradation pollutant test method
- the interchange of inlet and outlet not only tests the bottom microbial community in the river confluence area, but also tests the bottom microbial communities of branched and curved channels, which is suitable for microbial tests in various rivers.
- a river engineering model test system for converging, branching and bending microbial communities of rivers comprising a river channel water tank (1), the bottom of the river channel water tank (1) is covered with river substrate (4) taken from a test channel, and the river channel water tank (1) Including the main stream channel (2) and several tributary channels (3), the upstream end of each tributary channel (3) is provided with an energy dissipation tank, the outlet of the main stream channel (2) is provided with a triangular weir (6), and the river water Through energy dissipation troughs, each tributary channel (3) meets the main stream channel (2) at an average speed, and then flows out from the outlet of the main stream channel (2), providing a river channel simulation environment for the river bottom (4).
- the energy dissipation groove is formed by one or more porous baffles (5) installed in the tributary channel (3) to intercept water flow and side walls on both sides of the tributary channel (3).
- each of the water inlet pipes (9) is also provided with a flow control valve (10) and a flow meter (11) to control the flow of water to be the flow of water calculated after simulating a river.
- the remaining water flows into the discharge water tank (13) provided by the system after flowing out.
- a water intake pipeline (15) is connected between the discharge water tank (13) and the water intake tank (8), and a water pump (14) is arranged on the water intake pipeline (15).
- an overflow baffle (16) whose height is lower than the edge of the water inlet box (8) is arranged in the water inlet box (8) to separate an overflow area in the water inlet box (8).
- a return pipe (12) is provided between the overflow area of the discharge water tank (13) and the water inlet tank (8).
- the thickness of the river bottom (4) is 5-15 cm.
- a river engineering model test method for confluence, branching and bending of rivers comprising the following steps:
- Step 1 Collect the water source of the river to be tested, and record the river water flow of the main stream and each tributary in the river;
- Step 2 adding the river water source collected in step 1 into the discharge water tank (13) or the water inlet tank (8) of the river confluence, branching and bending microbial community river engineering model test system described in claims 1-9;
- Step 3 According to the different flows of different tributaries recorded in step 1, the water flow sent by the water inlet pipe is controlled to the corresponding flow through the flow meter and the flow control valve to simulate the flow of different tributaries, enter the corresponding tributary river, and then merge into the main river, Through a sufficiently long channel and a triangular weir, microorganisms are left on the river bottom, and the river water flows into the discharge tank;
- Step 4 When the river water flows into the discharge water tank quickly, adjust the water pump on the water intake pipe so that the river water can flow back into the water inlet tank through the water pump again, and circulate the river water in the system to minimize the microorganisms in the river water. Many remain in the river bottom of the system;
- Step 5 Cycle step 4. During the test, add the consumed river water source to keep the water volume in the system unchanged and the water flow stable;
- Step 6 According to the purpose of the test, periodically sample the bottom of the river (4), study the composition of the microbial community in the water and its change, draw a graph with time or season as the abscissa, and the composition of the microbial community and the proportion of each component as the ordinate Curve;
- Step 7 When the seasons change, replace the fresh river substrate (4) of the season.
- the river substrate (4) reduce the water flow velocity and water level in the river water tank (1), and keep the main river (2) and tributaries ( 3) It is enough that the bottom surface can form a flowing water flow, and the fresh river bottom material (4) is connected with the fresh river water source and paved on the main stream channel (2) and the tributary channel (3), and the discharge water tank (13) or the water inlet tank is replaced
- the water in (8) is fresh river course water, after the sedimentation of the river bottom (4) is stable, adjust the water pump, flow control valve (10) and flowmeter (11) of the system to adjust the water flow to the proportional flow rate of the river course, Continue the test.
- the river bottom (4) is periodically sampled, and the composition of the microbial community and the proportion of each component are analyzed.
- the present invention Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This is a new type of microbial community river engineering model test system.
- the present invention combines the river engineering model test method with the microbial degradation pollutant test method, and proposes a river confluence , branched and curved microbial community river engineering model test system, this test method can not only test the substrate microbial community in the confluence area of rivers, but also test the substrate microorganisms in branched and curved rivers, and the inlet and outlet of the test device are connected to each other It can be used for branched channel test, and it can be used for bent channel bottom microbial test by canceling a tributary channel.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the appearance of an embodiment of the present invention
- 1-river water tank 2-main stream channel, 3-branch channel, 4-river bottom, 5-porous baffle, 6-triangular weir, 7-flow control valve, 8-inlet tank, 9-inlet Water pipeline, 10-flow control valve, 11-flowmeter, 12-return pipeline, 13-discharging water tank, 14-water pump, 15-water intake pipeline, 16-overflow baffle.
- a kind of river engineering model test system of confluence, branching and bending microbial community comprises river course water tank 1, and the bottom of river course water tank 1 is paved with river bottom material 4, and river bottom material 4 is mainly the bottom mud of test area, With a thickness of 10cm, it contains abundant microorganisms and has more experimental conditions. It is sampled and analyzed under different working conditions to study the distribution of microbial communities and the conversion rate of microbial genes to pollutants.
- the river water tank 1 includes the main river 2 and several tributary rivers 3. Both the main river 2 and the tributary rivers 3 extend to the target measurement channel length, and all the tributary rivers 3 converge in the main river 2, and the water tank is used to simulate the river.
- the downstream confluence channel in the substrate microbial test is used as the downstream confluence channel in the substrate microbial test, as the upstream in the branched channel test, and can be used as the upstream and downstream in the curved channel test.
- Its material is transparent plexiglass, and its bottom and both sides are supported by welded channel steel structures. , so that its structure is stable during the test.
- the tributary channel is used as the upstream confluence channel in the confluence channel substrate microbial test, as the downstream channel in the branch channel test, and as the upstream and downstream channel in the curved channel test.
- the material is transparent plexiglass, and its bottom and both sides are welded Channel steel structural support to stabilize its structural stability during the test.
- the outlet of the main river channel 2 is provided with a triangular weir 6 with a "V" shape opening upward, and the water flows through the tributary channel 3 and the triangular weir 6 of the river channel length, so that microorganisms remain in the river bottom 4, and the remaining water flows out of the main river channel 2.
- Each tributary channel 3 is provided with a corresponding porous baffle 5 at a certain distance from the end, and when the water flows through the porous baffle 5 , the flow velocity remains unchanged and enters the tributary channel 3 . Because the flow state of the pipeline is messy after entering the water, it cannot be used for the test.
- the porous baffle plate 5 can make the flow state of the water flow reach a stable flow, reduce the flow velocity, and then stabilize the flow through the small holes, so that the flow state in the tributary channel is stable.
- the porous baffle 5 is set at the end of the main channel, and at the inlet of the turning river. Since the simulation of the river course is long enough, and the triangular weir 6 is finally set up, the microbial attachment in the river course can be obtained in a relatively comprehensive manner in the river bottom material 4, so that the microbial community in the river can be obtained more accurately, providing a reference for invention research .
- water inlet box 8 and water inlet pipeline 9 also be provided with flow control valve 10 and flow meter 11 on each water inlet pipeline 9, the flow flow of controlling water flow is the water flow of calculation behind the simulated river.
- the model adopts a horizontal scale according to the river channel and the area of the test site, etc., according to the width and depth of the river channel 1:150, vertical scale is 1:5, and its metamorphosis rate 30, flow scale is 1677, the velocity scale If it is 12, calculate the specifications of the river tank. For example, if the width of the main stream is 100m and the depth is 2m, the width of the main stream of the corresponding model test system is 0.66m, the depth of the model river is 0.4m, and the tributaries are converted in equal proportions.
- the above parameters are multiples of reduction in length and width of the actual river channel, and the velocity and flow of the actual river channel are expansion multiples of the monitoring data of the model test.
- the function of the triangular weir 6 is to control the water level, and the flow rate is also calculated by using the thin-walled triangular weir formula, which is mutually verified with the flow meter 11 .
- the flow meter 11 is used to measure the flow entering the river, and the flow needs to be adjusted in different working condition tests to determine different working conditions. After the remaining water flows out, it flows into the discharge water tank 13 provided by the system.
- a water intake pipeline 15 is connected between the discharge water tank 13 and the water inlet tank 8, and a water pump 14 is arranged on the water intake pipeline 15.
- the water intake pipeline 15 is used for the water pump 14 to take water in the downstream discharge water tank, and then returns to the water inlet tank 8 through the pipeline, and its connection position with the water inlet tank 8 is close to the water surface. , causing too much water to cause accidents, so it is set up to avoid accidents.
- the water pump 14 is driven by the motor to run so that the water flow is lifted to the water inlet tank 8 again after being discharged, thereby forming repeated recycling and saving test water resources.
- the water inlet tank 8 is mainly used to accept the water pump 14 to take the water flow, and it is also used as a reservoir for the supply test to continuously and stably supply water.
- the river water is collected and flows into the water inlet tank 8, and then flows into each tributary river channel 3 through the bifurcated water inlet pipe 9.
- the water inlet pipe 9 makes the water flow collected by the water inlet box 8 self-flow down, and is used for test water supply.
- the overflow baffle plate 16 whose height is lower than the edge of the water inlet box 8 is arranged in the water inlet box 8 to separate the overflow prevention area in the water inlet box 8 .
- the anti-overflow area is separated mainly to allow the water to overflow at a fixed height, so that the water inlet tank 8 continuously overflows, and also makes the water level in the water inlet tank 8 continue to be at the same height, so that the pipeline inflow form is the same, so that it is not correct for the test. cause a difference in working conditions.
- a return pipe 12 is arranged between the overflow water tank 13 and the anti-overflow area of the water inlet tank 8 .
- the discharge water tank 13 accepts the external drainage body downstream of the test on the one hand, and on the other hand, serves as the overflow receiver of the water inlet tank 8, and also serves as the water supply source of the test, supplying the water inlet tank 8 for the test.
- the use method of the present invention is: design the main stream channel 2 and the tributary channel 3 of the river channel in the test system of the present invention according to the length-width-height ratio of the river channel to be tested. Collect the water in the river to be tested, and record the river water flow of the main stream and each tributary in the river. The collected river water is poured into the water inlet box 8 of the test system of the present invention, and passes through the water inlet pipe 9 after reaching a certain amount of water.
- the water flow sent by the water inlet pipe 9 is controlled by the flow meter 11 and the flow control valve 10 to the corresponding flow to simulate the water flow of different tributaries, enter the corresponding tributary river channel 3, and then merge into the main river channel 2, through Sufficiently long river courses and triangular weirs 6 leave microorganisms in the river bottom 4, and the river water flows into the discharge water tank 13.
- the test is carried out by restoring the river channel, and almost all the microorganisms are left in the system by reciprocating the water pump 14 and other devices, so that the subsequent internal microbial conditions of the river to be tested will be more accurate, and the experimental results obtained will be better. persuasive. It is more accurate to propose the specific treatment plan for the river and grasp the situation of the river in the future.
- the present invention combines the river engineering model test method with the microbial degradation pollutant test method, and proposes a river engineering model test system for river confluence, branching and bending microbial communities.
- the water inlet and outlet of the test device can be interchanged for branched channel tests, and a mainstream channel can be used for subsurface microbial tests in curved channels.
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a river model test system and test method for microflorae in river confluences, branches and bends. The test system comprises a riverway water tank, wherein the bottom of the riverway water tank is paved with a river substrate, which is taken from a test riverway, and the riverway water tank comprises a main stream riverway and several tributary riverways. An upstream end of each tributary riverway is provided with an energy dissipation groove, and a water outlet of the main stream riverway is provided with a triangular weir; and river water converges in the main stream riverway from the tributary riverways at an average rate after passing through the energy dissipation grooves, and then flows out of the water outlet of the main stream riverway, thereby providing a riverway simulation environment for the river substrate. The test method is to use the system to obtain microorganisms in the river water in the river substrate, and then perform subsequent tests. A river simulation test method is combined with a microbiological degradation pollutant test method, and a water inlet and a water outlet are interchanged, thus not only performing tests on substrate microflorae in a river confluence region, but also performing tests on substrate microorganisms in branched riverways and bent riverways, such that the present invention is applicable to microbiological tests of a plurality of riverways.
Description
本发明涉及一种河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验***及试验方法，属于河工模型技术领域。The invention relates to a river engineering model test system and test method for river confluence, branch branching and bending microbial communities, belonging to the technical field of river engineering models.
我国是一个水资源缺乏国家，大部分地方为水质性缺水，故水污染治理研究至关重要。水污染严重影响水体的自净能力与水生生物与物种的生存，导致物种灭绝，故治水势在必行。随着工业化的不展推进，水污染已成为捆忧着我们生存与经济发展的重要制约因素。治理水污染的方法有化学、物理及生物方法，河道污染化学和物理方法治理已经得到广泛实施，而河道微生物治污的方法由于物种限制导致实施能力有限，特别对于河流交汇、分汊及弯曲处的微生物群落，此处的微生物取样本身就有困难，再者对于取样的完整度也存在问题，现存的方案还没有能解决这一问题的装置，所以急需一种试验***能用于河道微生物。my country is a country that lacks water resources, and most places suffer from water shortages, so the research on water pollution control is very important. Water pollution seriously affects the self-purification ability of water bodies and the survival of aquatic organisms and species, leading to species extinction, so water control is imperative. With the continuous advancement of industrialization, water pollution has become an important restrictive factor that worries our survival and economic development. There are chemical, physical and biological methods to control water pollution. The chemical and physical methods of river pollution control have been widely implemented, but the method of microbial pollution control in rivers has limited implementation capacity due to species restrictions, especially for river confluences, branches and bends. There are difficulties in sampling the microorganisms here, and there are also problems with the integrity of the sampling. The existing solutions do not have a device that can solve this problem, so there is an urgent need for a test system that can be used for river microorganisms.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明目的：针对上述现有存在的问题和不足，本发明的目的是提供一种河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验***及试验方法，将河工模拟试验方法和微生物降解污染物试验方法相结合，进出水口互换不仅对河流交汇区底质微生物群落进行试验，还对分汊河道和弯曲河道底质微生物进行试验，适应多种河道的微生物试验。Purpose of the invention: For the above-mentioned existing problems and deficiencies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a river confluence, branch and bending microbial community river engineering model test system and test method, which combines the river engineering simulation test method and the microbial degradation pollutant test method In combination, the interchange of inlet and outlet not only tests the bottom microbial community in the river confluence area, but also tests the bottom microbial communities of branched and curved channels, which is suitable for microbial tests in various rivers.
技术方案：为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：Technical solution: In order to realize the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验***，包括河道水箱(1)，所述河道水箱(1)底部铺有取自试验河道的河流底质(4)，河道水箱(1)包括干流河道(2)和若干个支流河道(3)，每个支流河道(3)的上游端均设置有消能槽，干流河道(2)出水口处设有三角堰(6)，河流水经过消能槽均速从各个支流河道(3)交汇于干流河道(2)，再从干流河道(2)出水口流出，给河流底质(4)提供河道模拟环境。A river engineering model test system for converging, branching and bending microbial communities of rivers, comprising a river channel water tank (1), the bottom of the river channel water tank (1) is covered with river substrate (4) taken from a test channel, and the river channel water tank (1) Including the main stream channel (2) and several tributary channels (3), the upstream end of each tributary channel (3) is provided with an energy dissipation tank, the outlet of the main stream channel (2) is provided with a triangular weir (6), and the river water Through energy dissipation troughs, each tributary channel (3) meets the main stream channel (2) at an average speed, and then flows out from the outlet of the main stream channel (2), providing a river channel simulation environment for the river bottom (4).
进一步的，所述消能槽由支流河道(3)内拦截水流设置的一道或多道多孔挡板(5)与支流河道(3)两侧侧壁形成。Further, the energy dissipation groove is formed by one or more porous baffles (5) installed in the tributary channel (3) to intercept water flow and side walls on both sides of the tributary channel (3).
进一步的，还包括进水箱(8)和进水管道(9)，收集河流水并流入进水箱(8)，通过分叉的进水管道(9)分别汇入各个支流河道(3)。Further, it also includes a water inlet box (8) and a water inlet pipe (9), which collects river water and flows into the water inlet box (8), and flows into each tributary channel (3) respectively through the bifurcated water inlet pipe (9) .
进一步的，各所述进水管道(9)上还设有流量控制阀(10)和流量计(11)，控制水 流流量为模拟河流后计算的水流流量。Further, each of the water inlet pipes (9) is also provided with a flow control valve (10) and a flow meter (11) to control the flow of water to be the flow of water calculated after simulating a river.
进一步的，所述剩余水流出后流入***设置的泄流水箱(13)。Further, the remaining water flows into the discharge water tank (13) provided by the system after flowing out.
进一步的，所述泄流水箱(13)与进水箱(8)之间连接有取水管道(15)，所述取水管道(15)上设置有水泵(14)。Further, a water intake pipeline (15) is connected between the discharge water tank (13) and the water intake tank (8), and a water pump (14) is arranged on the water intake pipeline (15).
进一步的，进水箱(8)中设置有高度低于进水箱(8)边缘处的溢流挡板(16)在进水箱(8)中分隔出溢流区。Further, an overflow baffle (16) whose height is lower than the edge of the water inlet box (8) is arranged in the water inlet box (8) to separate an overflow area in the water inlet box (8).
进一步的，所述泄流水箱(13)与进水箱(8)的溢流区之间设置有回流管道(12)。Further, a return pipe (12) is provided between the overflow area of the discharge water tank (13) and the water inlet tank (8).
进一步的，所述河流底质(4)厚度为5～15cm。Further, the thickness of the river bottom (4) is 5-15 cm.
一种河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验方法，包括以下步骤：A river engineering model test method for confluence, branching and bending of rivers, comprising the following steps:
步骤1：收集待试验的河道水源，并记录河道中干流以及各支流的河流水流量；Step 1: Collect the water source of the river to be tested, and record the river water flow of the main stream and each tributary in the river;
步骤2：将步骤1中收集到的河道水源加入权利要求1-9所述的河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验***的泄流水箱(13)或进水箱(8)中；Step 2: adding the river water source collected in step 1 into the discharge water tank (13) or the water inlet tank (8) of the river confluence, branching and bending microbial community river engineering model test system described in claims 1-9;
步骤3：根据步骤1中记录的不同支流的不同流量通过流量计和流量控制阀将进水管道传送过来的水流控制成对应流量模拟不同支流水流，进入对应支流河道中，继而汇入干流河道，通过足够长的河道以及三角堰留下微生物在河流底质，河水则流入泄流水箱中；Step 3: According to the different flows of different tributaries recorded in step 1, the water flow sent by the water inlet pipe is controlled to the corresponding flow through the flow meter and the flow control valve to simulate the flow of different tributaries, enter the corresponding tributary river, and then merge into the main river, Through a sufficiently long channel and a triangular weir, microorganisms are left on the river bottom, and the river water flows into the discharge tank;
步骤4：当河水快流入泄流水箱中时，调节取水管道上的水泵，使得河水又可以通过水泵重新回流至进水箱中，将河水循环在本***中流动，将河水中的微生物尽可能多的留于***的河流底质中；Step 4: When the river water flows into the discharge water tank quickly, adjust the water pump on the water intake pipe so that the river water can flow back into the water inlet tank through the water pump again, and circulate the river water in the system to minimize the microorganisms in the river water. Many remain in the river bottom of the system;
步骤5：循环步骤4，在试验过程中，增添消耗掉的河道水源，使***内水量保持不变，水流保持稳定；Step 5: Cycle step 4. During the test, add the consumed river water source to keep the water volume in the system unchanged and the water flow stable;
步骤6：根据测试目的，周期取样河流底质(4)，研究水中的微生物群落组成及其变成，绘制以时间或季节为横坐标，以微生物群落组成和各组成占比量为纵坐标的变化曲线；Step 6: According to the purpose of the test, periodically sample the bottom of the river (4), study the composition of the microbial community in the water and its change, draw a graph with time or season as the abscissa, and the composition of the microbial community and the proportion of each component as the ordinate Curve;
步骤7：季节更替时，更换当季新鲜的河流底质(4)，更换河流底质(4)时，减少河道水箱(1)水流速度和水位高度，保持干流河道(2)和支流河道(3)底面能够形成流动水流即可，将新鲜的河流底质(4)连通新鲜的河道水源一起铺于干流河道(2)和支流河道(3)，更换泄流水箱(13)或进水箱(8)中的水为新鲜的河道水，待河流底质(4)沉淀稳定后，调节***的水泵、流量控制阀(10)和流量计(11)，将水流调至河道等比例流速，继续试验，试验过程中，周期取样河流底质(4)，分析其中的微生物群落组成和各组成占比量。Step 7: When the seasons change, replace the fresh river substrate (4) of the season. When replacing the river substrate (4), reduce the water flow velocity and water level in the river water tank (1), and keep the main river (2) and tributaries ( 3) It is enough that the bottom surface can form a flowing water flow, and the fresh river bottom material (4) is connected with the fresh river water source and paved on the main stream channel (2) and the tributary channel (3), and the discharge water tank (13) or the water inlet tank is replaced The water in (8) is fresh river course water, after the sedimentation of the river bottom (4) is stable, adjust the water pump, flow control valve (10) and flowmeter (11) of the system to adjust the water flow to the proportional flow rate of the river course, Continue the test. During the test, the river bottom (4) is periodically sampled, and the composition of the microbial community and the proportion of each component are analyzed.
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：这是一种新式的微生物群落河工模型试验***，本发明将河工模型试验方法和微生物降解污染物试验方法相结合，提出了河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型的试验***，该试验方法不仅可以对河流交汇区底 质微生物群落进行试验，还可针对分汊河道和弯曲河道底质微生物进行试验，将试验装置进出水口互换可用于分汊河道试验，取消一条支流河道即可用于弯曲河道底质微生物试验。Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This is a new type of microbial community river engineering model test system. The present invention combines the river engineering model test method with the microbial degradation pollutant test method, and proposes a river confluence , branched and curved microbial community river engineering model test system, this test method can not only test the substrate microbial community in the confluence area of rivers, but also test the substrate microorganisms in branched and curved rivers, and the inlet and outlet of the test device are connected to each other It can be used for branched channel test, and it can be used for bent channel bottom microbial test by canceling a tributary channel.
图1是本发明的实施例外观示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the appearance of an embodiment of the present invention;
图中：1-河道水箱，2-干流河道，3-支流河道，4-河流底质，5-多孔挡板，6-三角堰，7-流量控制阀，8-进水箱，9-进水管道，10-流量控制阀，11-流量计，12-回流管道，13-泄流水箱，14-水泵，15-取水管道，16-溢流挡板。In the figure: 1-river water tank, 2-main stream channel, 3-branch channel, 4-river bottom, 5-porous baffle, 6-triangular weir, 7-flow control valve, 8-inlet tank, 9-inlet Water pipeline, 10-flow control valve, 11-flowmeter, 12-return pipeline, 13-discharging water tank, 14-water pump, 15-water intake pipeline, 16-overflow baffle.
下面结合附图和具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention, should be understood that these embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art will understand various aspects of the present invention Modifications in equivalent forms all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of this application.
如图1所示，一种河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验***，包括河道水箱1，河道水箱1底部铺有河流底质4，河流底质4主要为试验区域的底泥，厚度为10cm，其含有丰富的微生物，更具试验工况，在不同的工况下对其进行采样分析，以此研究微生物群落分布、微生物基因对污染物的转化速率等。河道水箱1包括干流河道2和若干个支流河道3，干流河道2和支流河道3均延伸至目标测量河道长度，所有支流河道3均汇于干流河道2，通过水箱模拟河道，主流河道在交汇河道底质微生物试验中作为下游汇流河道，在分汊河道试验中作为上游，在弯曲河道试验中可任作上下游，其材质为透明有机玻璃，在其底部及两侧由焊接槽钢结构支托，以使得其在试验过程中结构稳定。支流河道在交汇河道底质微生物试验中作为上游汇流河道，在分汊河道试验中作为下游，在弯曲河道试验中可任作上下游，其材质为透明有机玻璃，在其底部及两侧由焊接槽钢结构支托，以稳定其在试验过程中结构稳定。As shown in Figure 1, a kind of river engineering model test system of confluence, branching and bending microbial community, comprises river course water tank 1, and the bottom of river course water tank 1 is paved with river bottom material 4, and river bottom material 4 is mainly the bottom mud of test area, With a thickness of 10cm, it contains abundant microorganisms and has more experimental conditions. It is sampled and analyzed under different working conditions to study the distribution of microbial communities and the conversion rate of microbial genes to pollutants. The river water tank 1 includes the main river 2 and several tributary rivers 3. Both the main river 2 and the tributary rivers 3 extend to the target measurement channel length, and all the tributary rivers 3 converge in the main river 2, and the water tank is used to simulate the river. It is used as the downstream confluence channel in the substrate microbial test, as the upstream in the branched channel test, and can be used as the upstream and downstream in the curved channel test. Its material is transparent plexiglass, and its bottom and both sides are supported by welded channel steel structures. , so that its structure is stable during the test. The tributary channel is used as the upstream confluence channel in the confluence channel substrate microbial test, as the downstream channel in the branch channel test, and as the upstream and downstream channel in the curved channel test. The material is transparent plexiglass, and its bottom and both sides are welded Channel steel structural support to stabilize its structural stability during the test.
干流河道2出水口处设有“V”形开口向上的三角堰6，水流通过河道长度的支流河道3和三角堰6，使得微生物留于河流底质4，剩余水流出干流河道2。每个支流河道3距离端部一段距离处对应设置有多孔挡板5，当水流经过多孔挡板5时，流速不变进入支流河道3。由于管道进水后流态杂乱，不能用于试验，多孔挡板5能使得水流流态达到稳定流，降低流速，再通过小孔稳定出流，使得在支流河道中流态稳定，在分汊河道试验中，该多孔挡板5设置在主流河道端部，在转弯河流中设置在进流口处。由于河道模拟的足够长，且最终设有三角堰6，所以河流底质4中可以比较全面的得到河道中的微生物附着，从而比较准确的得出河流中有的微生物群落，为发明研究提供参考。The outlet of the main river channel 2 is provided with a triangular weir 6 with a "V" shape opening upward, and the water flows through the tributary channel 3 and the triangular weir 6 of the river channel length, so that microorganisms remain in the river bottom 4, and the remaining water flows out of the main river channel 2. Each tributary channel 3 is provided with a corresponding porous baffle 5 at a certain distance from the end, and when the water flows through the porous baffle 5 , the flow velocity remains unchanged and enters the tributary channel 3 . Because the flow state of the pipeline is messy after entering the water, it cannot be used for the test. The porous baffle plate 5 can make the flow state of the water flow reach a stable flow, reduce the flow velocity, and then stabilize the flow through the small holes, so that the flow state in the tributary channel is stable. In the test, the porous baffle 5 is set at the end of the main channel, and at the inlet of the turning river. Since the simulation of the river course is long enough, and the triangular weir 6 is finally set up, the microbial attachment in the river course can be obtained in a relatively comprehensive manner in the river bottom material 4, so that the microbial community in the river can be obtained more accurately, providing a reference for invention research .
还包括进水箱8和进水管道9，各进水管道9上还设有流量控制阀10和流量计11，控 制水流流量为模拟河流后计算的水流流量。Also comprise water inlet box 8 and water inlet pipeline 9, also be provided with flow control valve 10 and flow meter 11 on each water inlet pipeline 9, the flow flow of controlling water flow is the water flow of calculation behind the simulated river.
模型根据河道及试验场地面积等，按照河道的河宽以及河深，采用的水平比尺
为1∶150，垂直比尺
为1∶5，其***率
为30，流量比尺
为1677，流速比尺
为12，计算河道水箱的规格，比如干流河道宽度为100m，河深2m，相应模型试验***的干流河道的河宽0.66m，模型河深0.4m，支流等比例换算。
The model adopts a horizontal scale according to the river channel and the area of the test site, etc., according to the width and depth of the river channel 1:150, vertical scale is 1:5, and its metamorphosis rate 30, flow scale is 1677, the velocity scale If it is 12, calculate the specifications of the river tank. For example, if the width of the main stream is 100m and the depth is 2m, the width of the main stream of the corresponding model test system is 0.66m, the depth of the model river is 0.4m, and the tributaries are converted in equal proportions.
***率：
Metamorphosis rate:
流量比尺：
Flow scale:
速度比尺：
Speed scale:
上述参数是实际河道在长度、宽度方面缩小的倍数，实际河道的流速和流量是模型试验监测数据的扩大倍数。The above parameters are multiples of reduction in length and width of the actual river channel, and the velocity and flow of the actual river channel are expansion multiples of the monitoring data of the model test.
三角堰6作用为控制水位，也运用薄壁三角堰公式计算出流量，与流量计11互相验证。流量计11用于计量进入河道的流量，在不同工况试验中需要调节流量，以此确定不同工况。剩余水流出后流入***设置的泄流水箱13。泄流水箱13与进水箱8之间连接有取水管道15，取水管道15上设置有水泵14。取水管道15用于水泵14在下游泄流水箱内取水，再通过管道重新回到进水箱8，其与进水箱8连接位置为接近于水面出，主要由于在水面以下位置会造成管道回流，造成水量过大从而引发事故，所以为避免事故发生而如此设置。水泵14通过电机带动进行运转从而使得水流在下泄后重新提升到进水箱8，从而形成重复循环利用，节约试验用水资源。进水箱8主要用于受纳水泵14取水水流，也是作为供应试验的水库，持续不断稳定供水。收集河流水并流入进水箱8，通过分叉的进水管道9分别汇入各个支流河道3。进水管道9使得进水箱8收集的水流自流下泄，用于试验供水，其连接部位为进水箱8的底部，在水压作用下与流量控制阀10共同控制流量的大小。The function of the triangular weir 6 is to control the water level, and the flow rate is also calculated by using the thin-walled triangular weir formula, which is mutually verified with the flow meter 11 . The flow meter 11 is used to measure the flow entering the river, and the flow needs to be adjusted in different working condition tests to determine different working conditions. After the remaining water flows out, it flows into the discharge water tank 13 provided by the system. A water intake pipeline 15 is connected between the discharge water tank 13 and the water inlet tank 8, and a water pump 14 is arranged on the water intake pipeline 15. The water intake pipeline 15 is used for the water pump 14 to take water in the downstream discharge water tank, and then returns to the water inlet tank 8 through the pipeline, and its connection position with the water inlet tank 8 is close to the water surface. , causing too much water to cause accidents, so it is set up to avoid accidents. The water pump 14 is driven by the motor to run so that the water flow is lifted to the water inlet tank 8 again after being discharged, thereby forming repeated recycling and saving test water resources. The water inlet tank 8 is mainly used to accept the water pump 14 to take the water flow, and it is also used as a reservoir for the supply test to continuously and stably supply water. The river water is collected and flows into the water inlet tank 8, and then flows into each tributary river channel 3 through the bifurcated water inlet pipe 9. The water inlet pipe 9 makes the water flow collected by the water inlet box 8 self-flow down, and is used for test water supply.
进水箱8中设置有高度低于进水箱8边缘处的溢流挡板16在进水箱8中分隔出防溢流区。分隔出防溢流区主要是为了让水流在固定高度溢出，使得进水箱8持续不断的溢流，也使得进水箱8内水位持续处于同样高度，使得管道进流形态相同，从而不对试验造成工况 差异。The overflow baffle plate 16 whose height is lower than the edge of the water inlet box 8 is arranged in the water inlet box 8 to separate the overflow prevention area in the water inlet box 8 . The anti-overflow area is separated mainly to allow the water to overflow at a fixed height, so that the water inlet tank 8 continuously overflows, and also makes the water level in the water inlet tank 8 continue to be at the same height, so that the pipeline inflow form is the same, so that it is not correct for the test. cause a difference in working conditions.
泄流水箱13与进水箱8的防溢流区之间设置有回流管道12。为保持进水箱水位和流量稳定，通过水泵14提取过量的水持续不断溢出，使得供水***持续稳定，而溢出的水在溢流槽内通过回流管道12重新回到下游泄流水箱13。泄流水箱13一方面受纳试验下游的外排水体，另一方面作为进水箱8溢流受纳体，也作为试验的供水源头，供应进水箱8用于试验的水量。A return pipe 12 is arranged between the overflow water tank 13 and the anti-overflow area of the water inlet tank 8 . In order to keep the water level and flow of the water inlet tank stable, the excessive water extracted by the water pump 14 continues to overflow, so that the water supply system continues to be stable, and the overflowed water returns to the downstream discharge water tank 13 through the return pipe 12 in the overflow tank. The discharge water tank 13 accepts the external drainage body downstream of the test on the one hand, and on the other hand, serves as the overflow receiver of the water inlet tank 8, and also serves as the water supply source of the test, supplying the water inlet tank 8 for the test.
本发明的使用方法为：根据待试验的河流河道的长宽高比例设计出本发明的试验***中的河流河道的干流河道2和支流河道3。收集待试验的河流中水，并记录河流中主流以及各支流的河流水流量。将收集到的河流水倒入本发明的试验***的进水箱8中，至一定水量后通过进水管道9。根据记录的不同支流的不同流量通过流量计11和流量控制阀10将进水管道9传送过来的水流控制成对应流量模拟不同支流水流，进入对应支流河道3中，继而汇入干流河道2，通过足够长的河道以及三角堰6留下微生物在河流底质4，河水则流入泄流水箱13中。当河水快流入泄流水箱13中时，调节取水管道上的水泵14，使得河水又可以通过水泵14重新回流至进水箱8中，将河水循环在本***中流动，将河水中的微生物尽可能多的留于***的河流底质4中。将河水经过数次本***的循环后，取出河流底质4，用于后续试验检测试验的河水中的微生物研究。通过模拟河道的情况，还原河道来进行试验，并且通过水泵14等装置循环往复将微生物几乎全部留于本***中，使得后续对于待试验河流的内部微生物情况会更准确，得出的试验效果更有说服力。对于后续提出河流的具体治理方案以及对于河流的情况掌握更正确。The use method of the present invention is: design the main stream channel 2 and the tributary channel 3 of the river channel in the test system of the present invention according to the length-width-height ratio of the river channel to be tested. Collect the water in the river to be tested, and record the river water flow of the main stream and each tributary in the river. The collected river water is poured into the water inlet box 8 of the test system of the present invention, and passes through the water inlet pipe 9 after reaching a certain amount of water. According to the recorded different flows of different tributaries, the water flow sent by the water inlet pipe 9 is controlled by the flow meter 11 and the flow control valve 10 to the corresponding flow to simulate the water flow of different tributaries, enter the corresponding tributary river channel 3, and then merge into the main river channel 2, through Sufficiently long river courses and triangular weirs 6 leave microorganisms in the river bottom 4, and the river water flows into the discharge water tank 13. When the river water flows into the discharge water tank 13 quickly, adjust the water pump 14 on the water intake pipeline, so that the river water can flow back into the water inlet tank 8 again by the water pump 14, and the river water will circulate in the system to flow, and the microorganisms in the river water will be as far as possible Most likely remain in the river substrate 4 of the system. After the river water has been circulated through the system for several times, the river bottom 4 is taken out for the subsequent test to detect the microorganisms in the river water of the test. By simulating the situation of the river channel, the test is carried out by restoring the river channel, and almost all the microorganisms are left in the system by reciprocating the water pump 14 and other devices, so that the subsequent internal microbial conditions of the river to be tested will be more accurate, and the experimental results obtained will be better. persuasive. It is more accurate to propose the specific treatment plan for the river and grasp the situation of the river in the future.
本发明将河工模型试验方法和微生物降解污染物试验方法相结合，提出了河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验***，该试验方法不仅对河流交汇区底质微生物群落进行试验，还可针对分汊河道和弯曲河道底质微生物进行试验，将试验装置进出水口互换可用于分汊河道试验，一条主流河道即可用于弯曲河道底质微生物试验。The present invention combines the river engineering model test method with the microbial degradation pollutant test method, and proposes a river engineering model test system for river confluence, branching and bending microbial communities. For the test of substratum microorganisms in branched and curved channels, the water inlet and outlet of the test device can be interchanged for branched channel tests, and a mainstream channel can be used for subsurface microbial tests in curved channels.
Claims (10)
- 一种河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验***，其特征在于：包括河道水箱(1)，所述河道水箱(1)底部铺有取自试验河道的河流底质(4)，河道水箱(1)包括干流河道(2)和若干个支流河道(3)，每个支流河道(3)的上游端均设置有消能槽，干流河道(2)出水口处设有三角堰(6)，河流水经过消能槽均速从各个支流河道(3)交汇于干流河道(2)，再从干流河道(2)出水口流出，给河流底质(4)提供河道模拟环境。A river engineering model test system for converging, branching and bending microbial communities of rivers, characterized in that it includes a river water tank (1), the bottom of the river water tank (1) is covered with river bottom material (4) taken from the test river, and the river The water tank (1) includes a main stream channel (2) and several tributary channels (3), each tributary channel (3) is provided with an energy dissipation tank at the upstream end, and a triangular weir (6) is provided at the outlet of the main stream channel (2). ), the river water flows from the tributary channels (3) to the main stream channel (2) at an average speed through the energy dissipation tank, and then flows out from the outlet of the main stream channel (2), providing a river channel simulation environment for the river bottom (4).
- 根据权利要求1所述的河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验***，其特征在于：所述消能槽由支流河道(3)内拦截水流设置的一道或多道多孔挡板(5)与支流河道(3)两侧侧壁形成。The river engineering model test system for converging, branching and bending microbial communities of rivers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the energy dissipation tank is composed of one or more porous baffles (5) set up to intercept water flow in the tributary channel (3) ) and the sidewalls on both sides of the tributary channel (3).
- 根据权利要求2所述的河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验***，其特征在于：还包括进水箱(8)和进水管道(9)，收集河流水并流入进水箱(8)，通过分叉的进水管道(9)分别汇入各个支流河道(3)。According to claim 2, the river confluence, branching and bending microbial community river engineering model test system is characterized in that: it also includes a water inlet box (8) and a water inlet pipeline (9), which collects river water and flows into the water inlet box ( 8), respectively merge into each tributary river channel (3) through the bifurcated water inlet pipe (9).
- 根据权利要求3所述的河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验***，其特征在于：各所述进水管道(9)上还设有流量控制阀(10)和流量计(11)，控制水流流量为模拟河流后计算的水流流量。The river engineering model test system for converging, branching and bending microbial communities of rivers according to claim 3, characterized in that: each of the water inlet pipes (9) is also provided with a flow control valve (10) and a flow meter (11) , the control water flow rate is the water flow rate calculated after simulating the river.
- 根据权利要求1所述的河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验***，其特征在于：所述剩余水流出后流入***设置的泄流水箱(13)。The river engineering model test system for converging, branching and bending microbial communities of rivers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the remaining water flows into the discharge water tank (13) provided in the system after flowing out.
- 根据权利要求5所述的河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验***，其特征在于：所述泄流水箱(13)与进水箱(8)之间连接有取水管道(15)，所述取水管道(15)上设置有水泵(14)。The river engineering model test system for converging, branching and bending microbial communities of rivers according to claim 5, characterized in that: a water intake pipe (15) is connected between the discharge water tank (13) and the water inlet tank (8), A water pump (14) is arranged on the water intake pipe (15).
- 根据权利要求1所述的河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验***，其特征在于：进水箱(8)中设置有高度低于进水箱(8)边缘处的溢流挡板(16)在进水箱(8)中分隔出溢流区。The river engineering model test system for converging, branching and bending microbial communities of rivers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inlet tank (8) is provided with an overflow baffle whose height is lower than the edge of the inlet tank (8) (16) divide overflow area in water inlet box (8).
- 根据权利要求7所述的河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验***，其特征在于：所述泄流水箱(13)与进水箱(8)的溢流区之间设置有回流管道(12)。The river engineering model test system for converging, branching and bending microbial communities of rivers according to claim 7, characterized in that: a return pipe is arranged between the overflow area of the discharge water tank (13) and the water inlet tank (8) (12).
- 根据权利要求1所述的河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验***，其特征在于：所述河流底质(4)厚度为5～15cm。The river engineering model test system for confluence, branching and bending of rivers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the river bottom (4) is 5-15 cm.
- 一种河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：A river confluence, bifurcation and bending microbial community river engineering model test method is characterized in that it includes the following steps:步骤1：收集待试验的河道水源，并记录河道中干流以及各支流的河流水流量；Step 1: Collect the water source of the river to be tested, and record the river water flow of the main stream and each tributary in the river;步骤2：将步骤1中收集到的河道水源加入权利要求1-9所述的河流交汇、分汊及弯曲微生物群落河工模型试验***的泄流水箱(13)或进水箱(8)中；Step 2: adding the river water source collected in step 1 into the discharge water tank (13) or the water inlet tank (8) of the river confluence, branching and bending microbial community river engineering model test system described in claims 1-9;步骤3：根据步骤1中记录的不同支流的不同流量通过流量计和流量控制阀将进水管道传送 过来的水流控制成对应流量模拟不同支流水流，进入对应支流河道中，继而汇入干流河道，通过足够长的河道以及三角堰留下微生物在河流底质，河水则流入泄流水箱中；Step 3: According to the different flows of different tributaries recorded in step 1, the water flow sent by the water inlet pipe is controlled to the corresponding flow through the flow meter and the flow control valve to simulate the flow of different tributaries, enter the corresponding tributary river, and then merge into the main river, Through a sufficiently long channel and a triangular weir, microorganisms are left on the river bottom, and the river water flows into the discharge tank;步骤4：当河水快流入泄流水箱中时，调节取水管道上的水泵，使得河水又可以通过水泵重新回流至进水箱中，将河水循环在本***中流动，将河水中的微生物尽可能多的留于***的河流底质中；Step 4: When the river water flows into the discharge water tank quickly, adjust the water pump on the water intake pipe so that the river water can flow back into the water inlet tank through the water pump again, and circulate the river water in the system to minimize the microorganisms in the river water. Many remain in the river bottom of the system;步骤5：循环步骤4，在试验过程中，增添消耗掉的河道水源，使***内水量保持不变，水流保持稳定；Step 5: Cycle step 4. During the test, add the consumed river water source to keep the water volume in the system unchanged and the water flow stable;步骤6：根据测试目的，周期取样河流底质(4)，研究水中的微生物群落组成及其变成，绘制以时间或季节为横坐标，以微生物群落组成和各组成占比量为纵坐标的变化曲线；Step 6: According to the purpose of the test, periodically sample the bottom of the river (4), study the composition of the microbial community in the water and its change, draw a graph with time or season as the abscissa, and the composition of the microbial community and the proportion of each component as the ordinate Curve;步骤7：季节更替时，更换当季新鲜的河流底质(4)，更换河流底质(4)时，减少河道水箱(1)水流速度和水位高度，保持干流河道(2)和支流河道(3)底面能够形成流动水流即可，将新鲜的河流底质(4)连通新鲜的河道水源一起铺于干流河道(2)和支流河道(3)，更换泄流水箱(13)或进水箱(8)中的水为新鲜的河道水，待河流底质(4)沉淀稳定后，调节***的水泵、流量控制阀(10)和流量计(11)，将水流调至河道等比例流速，继续试验，试验过程中，周期取样河流底质(4)，分析其中的微生物群落组成和各组成占比量。Step 7: When the seasons change, replace the fresh river substrate (4) of the season. When replacing the river substrate (4), reduce the water flow velocity and water level in the river water tank (1), and keep the main river (2) and tributaries ( 3) It is enough that the bottom surface can form a flowing water flow, and the fresh river bottom material (4) is connected with the fresh river water source and paved on the main stream channel (2) and the tributary channel (3), and the discharge water tank (13) or the water inlet tank is replaced The water in (8) is fresh river course water, after the sedimentation of the river bottom (4) is stable, adjust the water pump, flow control valve (10) and flowmeter (11) of the system to adjust the water flow to the proportional flow rate of the river course, Continue the test. During the test, the river bottom (4) is periodically sampled, and the composition of the microbial community and the proportion of each component are analyzed.
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