CN111018592A - Nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation - Google Patents
Nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111018592A CN111018592A CN201911319550.9A CN201911319550A CN111018592A CN 111018592 A CN111018592 A CN 111018592A CN 201911319550 A CN201911319550 A CN 201911319550A CN 111018592 A CN111018592 A CN 111018592A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation, which comprises major and medium elements and trace elements, wherein the major and medium elements comprise NO3 ‑Nitrogen, NH4 +Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur, and trace elements including manganese, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum and iron, wherein the nutrient solution has a specific potassium-calcium ratio according to the difference of seedling stage, flowering and fruit setting stage, growth stage and late growth stage of the tomatoes. The nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation can meet the nutritional requirements of tomatoes in different periods and improve the tomato yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nutrient solutions for tomatoes, in particular to a nutrient solution for long-season cultivation of tomatoes.
Background
The tomato is rich in nutrition and has special flavor, and is the first major vegetable species for daily consumption of residents in northern China. At present, the tomato cultivation in the developed countries abroad mostly adopts a high-standard multi-span greenhouse for long-season annual production, and 60kg/m is realized2The yield is high.
At present, the tomato long-season matrix cultivation in China gradually enters a rapid development stage, but key technical links such as water and fertilizer management, environmental regulation and control and the like are still fuzzy, especially nutrient solution formulas. At present, the existing general formulas of the countries such as the netherlands, the japan and the like are mostly adopted, but the formulas of the nutrient solutions of the tomatoes in different growth periods are not clear, the utilization rate of nutrient substances in the nutrient solutions is not high, the requirements of the tomatoes on the nutrient substances in different growth periods can not be met, and the high-yield and high-quality production of the tomatoes is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nutrient solution for long-season cultivation of tomatoes, which can meet the nutritional requirements of tomatoes in different periods and improve the yield of the tomatoes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation, which comprises major and medium elements and trace elements, wherein the major and medium elements comprise NO3 -Nitrogen, NH4 +Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur, and trace elements including manganese, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum and iron, wherein the nutrient solution has a specific potassium-calcium ratio according to the difference of seedling stage, flowering and fruit setting stage, growth stage and late growth stage of the tomatoes.
Preferably, the tomato seedling stage nutrient solution comprises NO according to the parts by weight3 -The concentration of nitrogen element is 12.8mmol/L, NH4 +The concentration of nitrogen element is 0.8mmol/L, the concentration of phosphorus element is 1mmol/L, the concentration of potassium element is 6.1mmol/L, the concentration of calcium element is 4.6mmol/L, the concentration of magnesium element is 1.8mmol/L, the concentration of sulfur element is 2mmol/L, the concentration of manganese element is 6.6 mu mol/L, the concentration of zinc element is 3.3 mu mol/L, the concentration of boron element is 30 mu mol/L, the concentration of copper element is 0.7 mu mol/L, the concentration of molybdenum element is 0.3 mu mol/L, and the concentration of iron element is 20 mu mol/L.
Preferably, the ratio of potassium to calcium in the tomato seedling-stage nutrient solution is 1.3.
Preferably, the tomato blossom and fruit setting period nutrient solution comprises NO in parts by weight3 -The concentration of nitrogen element is 20.6mmol/L, NH4 +Nitrogen element concentration 1.2mmol/L, phosphorus element concentration 1.5mmol/L, potassium element concentration 11.35mmol/L, calcium element concentration 5.1mmol/L, magnesium element concentration 2.8mmol/L, sulfur element concentration 2.9mmol/L, manganese element concentration 10.4. mu. mol/L, zinc element concentration 5.2. mu. mol/L, boron element concentration45 mu mol/L, 1 mu mol/L of copper element, 0.6 mu mol/L of molybdenum element and 37.5 mu mol/L of iron element.
Preferably, the ratio of potassium to calcium in the nutrient solution during the flowering and fruit setting periods of the tomatoes is 2.23.
Preferably, the tomato growth period nutrient solution comprises NO according to the parts by weight3 -The concentration of nitrogen element is 21.6mmol/L, NH4 +The concentration of nitrogen element is 2.35mmol/L, the concentration of phosphorus element is 1.8mmol/L, the concentration of potassium element is 9.8mmol/L, the concentration of calcium element is 8mmol/L, the concentration of magnesium element is 4.95mmol/L, the concentration of sulfur element is 3.85mmol/L, the concentration of manganese element is 8.9 mu mol/L, the concentration of zinc element is 4.45 mu mol/L, the concentration of boron element is 45 mu mol/L, the concentration of copper element is 1 mu mol/L, the concentration of molybdenum element is 0.6 mu mol/L, and the concentration of iron element is 37.5 mu mol/L.
Preferably, the ratio of potassium to calcium in the nutrient solution in the tomato growth period is 1.2.
Preferably, the nutrient solution for the later growth period of the tomatoes comprises NO in parts by weight3 -The concentration of nitrogen element is 21mmol/L, NH4 +The concentration of nitrogen element is 0.6mmol/L, the concentration of phosphorus element is 2.2mmol/L, the concentration of potassium element is 12.5mmol/L, the concentration of calcium element is 7.8mmol/L, the concentration of magnesium element is 2mmol/L, the concentration of sulfur element is 2.5mmol/L, the concentration of manganese element is 14.8 mu mol/L, the concentration of zinc element is 7.8 mu mol/L, the concentration of boron element is 45 mu mol/L, the concentration of copper element is 1.4 mu mol/L, the concentration of molybdenum element is 0.6 mu mol/L, and the concentration of iron element is 37.5 mu mol/L.
Preferably, the ratio of potassium to calcium in the nutrient solution at the later growth stage of the tomatoes is 1.6.
Therefore, the nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation is reasonable in formula, can meet the nutritional requirements of tomatoes in different periods, and improves the tomato yield.
The nutrient solution of the invention adopts calcium ammonium nitrate [5Ca (NO)3)2·NH4NO3·10H2O]Calcium nitrate [ Ca (NO) ]3)2]Calcium chloride (CaCl)2) Ethylenediamine sodium iron (EDTA) -Fe-6 (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) and potassium nitrate (KNO)3) Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO)4·7H2O), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH)2PO4) Potassium sulfate (K)2SO4) Manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO)4·H2O), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO)4·7H2O), copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO)4·5H2O), sodium molybdate (Na)2MoO4·2H2O) and boric acid (H)3BO3) And (4) preparing.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following examples.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be further explained below.
A nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation comprises macroelements, secondary elements and trace elements, wherein the macroelements and the secondary elements comprise NO3 -Nitrogen, NH4 +Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur, wherein the trace elements comprise manganese, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum and iron, and the nutrient solution has a specific potassium-calcium ratio according to the difference of the seedling stage (before the 1 st ear blooms), the flowering and fruit setting stage (the 1 st ear blooms-the 1 st ear harvest), the growth stage (after the first ear harvest-plant topping) and the later growth stage (after the plant topping) of the tomato.
The tomato seedling stage nutrient solution comprises NO according to the parts by weight3 -The concentration of nitrogen element is 12.8mmol/L, NH4 +The concentration of nitrogen element is 0.8mmol/L, the concentration of phosphorus element is 1mmol/L, the concentration of potassium element is 6.1mmol/L, the concentration of calcium element is 4.6mmol/L, the concentration of magnesium element is 1.8mmol/L, the concentration of sulfur element is 2mmol/L, the concentration of manganese element is 6.6 mu mol/L, the concentration of zinc element is 3.3 mu mol/L, the concentration of boron element is 30 mu mol/L, the concentration of copper element is 0.7 mu mol/L, the concentration of molybdenum element is 0.3 mu mol/L, and the concentration of iron element is 20 mu mol/L. The ratio of potassium to calcium in the tomato seedling-stage nutrient solution is 1.3.
The tomato blossom and fruit setting period nutrient solution comprises NO according to the parts by weight3 -The concentration of nitrogen element is 20.6mmol/L, NH4 +The concentration of nitrogen element is 1.2mmol/L, the concentration of phosphorus element is 1.5mmol/L, the concentration of potassium element is 11.35mmol/L, the concentration of calcium element is 5.1mmol/L, the concentration of magnesium element is 2.8mmol/L, the concentration of sulfur element is 2.9mmol/L, the concentration of manganese element is 10.4 mu mol/L, the concentration of zinc element is 5.2 mu mol/L, the concentration of boron element is 45 mu mol/L, the concentration of copper element is 1 mu mol/L, and the concentration of molybdenum element is 0.6 mu mol/L and the concentration of iron element is 37.5 mu mol/L. The ratio of potassium to calcium in the nutrient solution at the flowering and fruit setting stage of the tomatoes is 2.23.
The tomato growth period nutrient solution comprises NO according to the parts by weight3 -The concentration of nitrogen element is 21.6mmol/L, NH4 +The concentration of nitrogen element is 2.35mmol/L, the concentration of phosphorus element is 1.8mmol/L, the concentration of potassium element is 9.8mmol/L, the concentration of calcium element is 8mmol/L, the concentration of magnesium element is 4.95mmol/L, the concentration of sulfur element is 3.85mmol/L, the concentration of manganese element is 8.9 mu mol/L, the concentration of zinc element is 4.45 mu mol/L, the concentration of boron element is 45 mu mol/L, the concentration of copper element is 1 mu mol/L, the concentration of molybdenum element is 0.6 mu mol/L, and the concentration of iron element is 37.5 mu mol/L. The ratio of potassium to calcium in the nutrient solution in the tomato growth period is 1.2.
The nutrient solution for the later growth period of the tomatoes comprises NO according to the parts by weight3 -The concentration of nitrogen element is 21mmol/L, NH4 +The concentration of nitrogen element is 0.6mmol/L, the concentration of phosphorus element is 2.2mmol/L, the concentration of potassium element is 12.5mmol/L, the concentration of calcium element is 7.8mmol/L, the concentration of magnesium element is 2mmol/L, the concentration of sulfur element is 2.5mmol/L, the concentration of manganese element is 14.8 mu mol/L, the concentration of zinc element is 7.8 mu mol/L, the concentration of boron element is 45 mu mol/L, the concentration of copper element is 1.4 mu mol/L, the concentration of molybdenum element is 0.6 mu mol/L, and the concentration of iron element is 37.5 mu mol/L. The ratio of potassium to calcium in the nutrient solution at the later growth stage of the tomatoes is 1.6.
When in use, the nutrient solution is prepared according to the nutrient solution formulas of the tomatoes in different growth periods.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, which are preferred examples of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The formula is applied to a 1-hectare multi-span greenhouse in the western region of a grand garden of special vegetables in Changpian plain region in Beijing city in 2018 for carrying out tomato matrix cultivation production in 2019, the sowing date is 8 and 12 days in 2018, the harvesting date is 12 and 14 days in 2018, the seedling pulling is carried out in 7 and 10 days in 2019, the fruits are continuously harvested for 7 months, the yield reaches 31.34kg per square meter, and the yield is increased by 69.4% compared with that of the general formula for the urban surface (18.5kg per square meter) for 2017 once opening.
Therefore, the nutrient solution for the long-season tomato cultivation can meet the nutritional requirements of tomatoes in different periods and improve the tomato yield.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation is characterized in that: the nutrient solution comprises major and medium elements and trace elements, wherein the major and medium elements comprise NO3 -Nitrogen, NH4 +Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur, and trace elements including manganese, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum and iron, wherein the nutrient solution has a specific potassium-calcium ratio according to the difference of seedling stage, flowering and fruit setting stage, growth stage and late growth stage of the tomatoes.
2. The nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution comprises: the tomato seedling stage nutrient solution comprises NO according to the parts by weight3 -The concentration of nitrogen element is 12.8mmol/L, NH4 +The concentration of nitrogen element is 0.8mmol/L, the concentration of phosphorus element is 1mmol/L, the concentration of potassium element is 6.1mmol/L, the concentration of calcium element is 4.6mmol/L, the concentration of magnesium element is 1.8mmol/L, the concentration of sulfur element is 2mmol/L, the concentration of manganese element is 6.6 mu mol/L, the concentration of zinc element is 3.3 mu mol/L, the concentration of boron element is 30 mu mol/L, the concentration of copper element is 0.7 mu mol/L, the concentration of molybdenum element is 0.3 mu mol/L, and the concentration of iron element is 20 mu mol/L.
3. The nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution comprises: the ratio of potassium to calcium in the tomato seedling-stage nutrient solution is 1.3.
4. The nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution comprises: the tomato blossom and fruit setting period nutrient solution is prepared from the following components in parts by weightComprising NO3 -The concentration of nitrogen element is 20.6mmol/L, NH4 +The concentration of nitrogen element is 1.2mmol/L, the concentration of phosphorus element is 1.5mmol/L, the concentration of potassium element is 11.35mmol/L, the concentration of calcium element is 5.1mmol/L, the concentration of magnesium element is 2.8mmol/L, the concentration of sulfur element is 2.9mmol/L, the concentration of manganese element is 10.4 mu mol/L, the concentration of zinc element is 5.2 mu mol/L, the concentration of boron element is 45 mu mol/L, the concentration of copper element is 1 mu mol/L, the concentration of molybdenum element is 0.6 mu mol/L, and the concentration of iron element is 37.5 mu mol/L.
5. The nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution comprises: the ratio of potassium to calcium in the nutrient solution at the flowering and fruit setting stage of the tomatoes is 2.23.
6. The nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution comprises: the tomato growth period nutrient solution comprises NO according to the parts by weight3 -The concentration of nitrogen element is 21.6mmol/L, NH4 +The concentration of nitrogen element is 2.35mmol/L, the concentration of phosphorus element is 1.8mmol/L, the concentration of potassium element is 9.8mmol/L, the concentration of calcium element is 8mmol/L, the concentration of magnesium element is 4.95mmol/L, the concentration of sulfur element is 3.85mmol/L, the concentration of manganese element is 8.9 mu mol/L, the concentration of zinc element is 4.45 mu mol/L, the concentration of boron element is 45 mu mol/L, the concentration of copper element is 1 mu mol/L, the concentration of molybdenum element is 0.6 mu mol/L, and the concentration of iron element is 37.5 mu mol/L.
7. The nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution comprises: the ratio of potassium to calcium in the nutrient solution in the tomato growth period is 1.2.
8. The nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution comprises: the nutrient solution for the later growth period of the tomatoes comprises NO according to the parts by weight3 -The concentration of nitrogen element is 21mmol/L, NH4 +Nitrogen element concentration of 0.6mmol/L, phosphorus element concentration of 2.2mmol/L, potassium element concentration of 12.5mmol/L, calcium element concentration of 7.8mmol/L, magnesium element concentration of 2mmol/L, sulfur element concentration of 2.5mmol/L, manganese element concentration of 14.8. mu. mol/L, zinc element concentration of 7.8. mu. mol/L, boron element concentration of 2.8. mu. mol/L, boron element concentration of 2.5mmol/L, and the likeThe element concentration is 45 mu mol/L, the copper element concentration is 1.4 mu mol/L, the molybdenum element concentration is 0.6 mu mol/L, and the iron element concentration is 37.5 mu mol/L.
9. The nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution comprises: the ratio of potassium to calcium in the nutrient solution at the later growth stage of the tomatoes is 1.6.
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