CN111003958A - 挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材料 - Google Patents

挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材料 Download PDF

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CN111003958A
CN111003958A CN201911345582.6A CN201911345582A CN111003958A CN 111003958 A CN111003958 A CN 111003958A CN 201911345582 A CN201911345582 A CN 201911345582A CN 111003958 A CN111003958 A CN 111003958A
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埃文·R·丹尼尔斯
P·J·安德森
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Abstract

一种由混合物形成的可挤出的水泥基材料，所述混合物包括以湿重百分比计约40％至约90％的水泥、以湿重百分比计约10％至60％的轻质膨胀骨料、以湿重百分比计约0.1至50％的二次材料、以湿重百分比计约1至20％的增强纤维、以湿重百分比计约0.5至10％的流变改性剂、以湿重百分比计约0.1至8％的缓凝剂以及总的湿材料重量的10％至60％的水。

Description

挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材料
本申请为2014年4月24日提交的名称为“挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基 材料”、申请号为201480023545.2的发明专利申请的分案申请。
发明领域
总的来说，本发明涉及水泥基材料，并且更特别地涉及挤出的轻质热绝 缘水泥基材料。
背景技术
水泥基材料通常采用大量的水来形成浆料来生产，该浆料太湿而无法挤 出。此外，水泥基材料通常既不轻质，也不热绝缘。
发明概述
本发明提供一种可挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材料，该材料由包括以湿重 百分比计约40至约90％的水泥、约10至60％的水、以湿重百分比计约5至 40％的轻质膨胀骨料、以湿重百分比计约0.1至50％的二次材料(例如沙、 岩石、飞灰、炉渣、硅灰、碳酸钙等)、以湿重百分比计约1至20％的增强 纤维、以湿重百分比计约0.5至10％的流变改性剂，以及以干重百分比计约 0.1至8％的缓凝剂。
另外，本发明提供一种用于生产可挤出的水泥基材料的方法，该方法将 水泥、轻质膨胀骨料、二次材料、增强纤维、流变改性剂和缓凝剂与水混合， 采用挤出机将混合物通过模具挤出，以及使挤出的混合物凝固。
此外，本发明提供一种通过以下步骤制造可挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材 料(复合材料)的方法：(1)将约40至90％湿重(Wt.wet)的水泥与约10 至60％湿重的水混合；(2)将水泥-水混合物与约5至40％湿重的轻质膨胀 骨料，约0.1至50％湿重的二次材料(例如沙、岩石、飞灰、炉渣、硅灰、 碳酸钙等)，以及约1至20％湿重的增强纤维共混；以及(3)将约0.5至10％ 湿重的流变改性剂和约0.1至8％湿重的缓凝剂加至混合物。然后，所得到 的可挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材料可以被挤出并固化(例如放置(sit)、加 热、蒸汽处理等)。
发明详述
虽然下文对本发明的各种实施方案的形成和使用进行了详细的讨论，但 是应理解，本发明提供许多可适用的发明构思，这些发明构思体现在各种各 样的具体上下文中。本文所讨论的具体实施方案仅示意性说明形成和使用本 发明的具体方式，并不限定本发明的范围。
为了助于对本发明的理解，下文对多个术语进行了定义。在本文中所定 义的术语具有如本发明相关领域的技术人员通常理解的含义。术语如“一个 (a)”'、“一个(an)”以及“所述(the)”不是旨在涉及仅仅单一的实体，而 是包括具体实例可用于说明的大类。在本文中的术语用于描述本发明的具体 实施方案，但是除权利要求书所概述的以外，它们的使用并不限制本发明。
在凝固之前，添加了水的处于湿态的普通波特兰水泥(Portland cement) 或铝酸盐水泥可以在流变学上改性成为粘土样材料，这样能够使用被称为挤 出的常规粘土生产方法。
为了使水泥-水的混合物变得轻质，将其与总湿体积的约5-40wt.％的轻 质膨胀骨料共混。优选的轻质膨胀骨料是膨胀粘土、珍珠岩、膨胀玻璃、膨 胀浮石或其组合。轻质膨胀骨料的粒度是约0-1mm、1-2mm、2-4mm、4-8 mm或其组合。制造轻质膨胀玻璃或浮石骨料的方法将在对轻质热绝缘水泥 基材料的讨论之后进行说明。
为了挤出，制备具有占总的湿材料的大约10-60wt.％的水以及合适的流 变改性掺和剂(admixture)的水泥基轻质热绝缘复合材料，以便感觉和行为 与塑性粘土相似。该材料触摸起来是塑性/可形变的，并且可以像粘土一样采 用粘土挤出机挤出，在粘土挤出机中，该材料被螺旋钻向前传送，穿过圆筒 并连续地通过模具形成具有成型稳定性的最终形状。
根据含水量以及流变改性掺和剂的量，挤出的材料可以具有或多或少的 成型稳定性。
为了在凝固(硬化)之前能够有足够的时间以挤出水泥基材料，可以采 用少量添加的合适的凝固缓凝剂，如SodateTM(USG产品)或柠檬酸钠来将 凝固时间延迟高达数小时。SodateTM是熟石膏、柠檬酸钠和结晶二氧化硅的 混合物。挤出后，该材料将在数小时内形成成品的最终强度。
为了形成最终的28天的强度，或使产品在潮湿的环境中放置达28天， 或者可以通过其自身的内热形成或通过如本领域现有的常规蒸汽固化来加 热，在24-48小时内加速提高强度。
如将在下文所描述的，本发明提供一种可挤出的水泥基材料，该可挤出 的水泥基材料由混合物形成，该混合物包括以干重百分比计约40-90％的水 泥、以干重百分比计约0.1-50％的二次材料、以干重百分比计约1-20％的增 强纤维、以干重百分比计约0.5-10％的流变改性剂、以干重百分比计约0.1-8％ 的缓凝剂、占总湿材料重量的10-50％的水。
水泥可结合众多的材料如沙、石膏、硅灰、热解法二氧化硅、飞灰、炉 渣、岩石、纤维素纤维、玻璃纤维、塑料纤维、聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维等或 它们的组合与水在复合材料组合物中用作粘合剂，如上所描述的，所述组合 物在被流变改性时可以被挤出。
流变改性剂分成以下种类：(1)多糖及其衍生物；(2)蛋白质及其衍生 物；以及(3)合成的有机材料。多糖流变改性剂可以进一步细分为(a)纤 维素基材料及其衍生物；(b)淀粉基材料及其衍生物；以及(c)其它多糖。
合适的纤维素基流变改性剂包括，例如甲基羟乙基纤维素(MHEC)、 羟甲基乙基纤维素(HMEC)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、甲基纤维素(MC)、 乙基纤维素(EC)、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、羟乙基丙基纤维素(HEPC)、 或羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)等。
合适的淀粉基材料包括，例如小麦淀粉、预胶凝小麦淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、 预胶凝马铃薯淀粉、支链淀粉、直链淀粉、海凝胶(seagel)、醋酸酯淀粉、 羟乙基淀粉醚、离子淀粉、长链烷基淀粉、糊精、胺基淀粉、磷酸酯淀粉、 以及双醛淀粉。
目前优选的流变改性剂是甲基羟丙基纤维素，其例子为MelhocclTM240 和MethocelTM240S，两者均可购自美国的DOW Chemicals。
完成的轻质热绝缘水泥基复合材料将具有约0.2-1.0g/cm3的密度，约0.5 MPa-10MPa的压缩强度以及约0.05-0.3W/mK的热导率。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，水泥基材料的组成范围可以是：
Figure BDA0002333243660000041
水泥可以是以重量计约40％、41％、42％、43％、44％、45％、46％、 47％、48％、49％、50％、51％、52％、53％、54％、55％、56％、57％、58％、 59％、60％、61％、62％、63％、64％、65％、66％、67％、68％、69％、70％、 71％、72％、73％、74％、75％、76％、77％、78％、79％、80％、81％、82％、 83％、84％、85％、86％、87％、88％、89％或90％或它们之间的其它增量 百分比(incremental percentage)。
水可以是以重量计约10％、11％、12％、13％、14％、15％、16％、17％、 18％、19％、20％、21％、22％、23％、24％、25％、26％、27％、28％、29％、 30％、31％、32％、33％、34％、35％、36％、37％、38％、39％、40％、41％、 42％、43％、44％、45％、46％、47％、48％、49％、50％、51％、52％、53％、 54％、55％、56％、57％、58％、59％或60％或它们之间的其它增量百分比。
轻质膨胀骨料可以是以重量计约5％、6％、7％、8％、9％、10％、11％、 12％、13％、14％、15％、16％、17％、18％、19％、20％、21％、22％、23％、 24％、25％、26％、27％、28％、29％、30％、31％、32％、33％、34％、35％、 36％、37％、38％、39％或40％或它们之间的其它增量百分比。
二次材料可以是以重量计约0.1％、0.2％、0.3％、0.4％、0.5％、0.6％、 0.7％、0.8％、0.9％、1％、2％、3％、4％、5％、6％、7％、8％、9％、10％、 11％、12％、13％、14％、15％、16％、17％、18％、19％、20％、21％、22％、 23％、24％、25％、26％、27％、28％、29％、30％、31％、32％、33％、34％、 35％、36％、37％、38％、39％、40％、41％、42％、43％、44％、45％、46％、47％、48％、49％或50％或它们之间的其它增量百分比。
增强纤维可以是以重量计约1％、2％、3％、4％、5％、6％、7％、8％、 9％、10％、11％、12％、13％、14％、15％、16％、17％、18％、19％或20％ 或它们之间的其它增量百分比。
流变改性剂可以是以重量计约0.5％、0.6％、0.7％、0.8％、0.9％、1.0％、 1.1％、1.2％、1.3％、1.4％、1.5％、1.6％、1.7％、1.8％、1.9％、2.0％、2.1％、 2.2％、2.3％、2.4％、2.5％、2.6％、2.7％、2.8％、2.9％、3.0％、3.1％、3.2％、 3.3％、3.4％、3.5％、3.6％、3.7％、3.8％、3.9％、4.0％、4.1％、4.2％、4.3％、 4.4％、4.5％、4.6％、4.7％、4.8％、4.9％、5.0％、5.1％、5.2％、5.3％、5.4％、 5.5％、5.6％、5.7％、5.8％、5.9％、6.0％、6.1％、6.2％、6.3％、6.4％、6.5％、 6.6％、6.7％、6.8％、6.9％、7.0％、7.1％、7.2％、7.3％、7.4％、7.5％、7.6％、 7.7％、7.8％、7.9％、8.0％、8.1％、8.2％、8.3％、8.4％、8.5％、8.6％、8.7％、 8.8％、8.9％、9.0％、9.1％、9.2％、9.3％、9.4％、9.5％、9.6％、9.7％、9.8％、 9.9％、10.0％或它们之间的其它增量百分比。
缓凝剂可以是以重量计约0.1％、0.2％、0.3％、0.4％、0.5％、0.6％、0.7％、0.8％、0.9％、1.0％、1.1％、1.2％、1.3％、1.4％、1.5％、1.6％、1.7％、1.8％、 1.9％、2.0％、2.1％、2.2％、2.3％、2.4％、2.5％、2.6％、2.7％、2.8％、2.9％、 3.0％、3.1％、3.2％、3.3％、3.4％、3.5％、3.6％、3.7％、3.8％、3.9％、4.0％、 4.1％、4.2％、4.3％、4.4％、4.5％、4.6％、4.7％、4.8％、4.9％、5.0％、5.1％、 5.2％、5.3％、5.4％、5.5％、5.6％、5.7％、5.8％、5.9％、6.0％、6.1％、6.2％、 6.3％、6.4％、6.5％、6.6％、6.7％、6.8％、6.9％、7.0％、7.1％、7.2％、7.3％、 7.4％、7.5％、7.6％、7.7％、7.8％、7.9％或8.0％或它们之间的其它增量百 分比。
另外，本发明提供一种用于生产可挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材料的方 法，该方法将水泥、轻质膨胀骨料、二次材料、增强纤维、流变改性剂和缓 凝剂与水混合，采用挤出机将混合物通过模具挤出，以及使挤出的混合物凝 固(例如长达2至3小时等)。
另外的步骤可以包括：(1)干燥挤出的混合物；(2)固化挤出的混合物； (3)将挤出的混合物模塑、切割、修整、砂磨或镂铣成指定的形状；和/或 (4)使用防水剂喷洒挤出的混合物。
将成品固化和干燥后，成品的表面可用硅烷或表面涂料做成防水的。
现在将说明由玻璃和浮石制造轻质膨胀骨料。轻质膨胀玻璃或浮石骨料 可以如下制造：
1)在球磨机中研磨玻璃或浮石，以生产主要为小于约100微米的研磨 的材料。
2)将研磨的材料与约45-50％的水混合，以产生浆料。
3)将约6-7％的硅酸钠(置换率为2.5)加至所述浆料。
4)将约1％的硝酸钠(NaNO3)加至所述浆料。硝酸钠之后充当发泡剂。
5)在常规的制粒机中，将约1份混合的浆料加到2.5份研磨的浮石，以 生产骨料。通过改变浆料中水的量和研磨的浮石与浆料的比例，可以调整骨 料尺寸，以设定最大的最终骨料尺寸。
6)接着，在常规的旋转干燥器中干燥所形成的骨料。
7)接着，干燥的骨料与约30％磨细的高岭土一起进料至旋转窑中，在 旋转窑中，在约800-1400摄氏度之间对其加热，在该工艺期间，颗粒膨胀 至其直径为约0-8mm的最终尺寸并形成轻质膨胀骨料。
8)作为最后一步，离开旋转窑时，骨料被冷却并且随后经筛选将骨料 分成不同的最终使用的尺寸范围，如0-2mm、2-4mm和4-8mm。
9)供选择地，可以在制粒机之后形成较细的骨料，将较细的骨料直接 进料至急骤干燥器中，该急骤干燥器将材料加热至约800摄氏度以上并产生 尺寸为约0-1mm的膨胀的骨料。
完成的轻质膨胀玻璃或浮石骨料的直径为约0-8mm，堆积密度为约 0.10-0.50g/cm3以及有效密度为约0.10-0.8g/cm3。骨料进一步具有约0.5-5 MPa的压缩强度并且是很好的热绝缘体，具有约0.04-0.15W/mK的热导率。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，膨胀轻质玻璃或浮石骨料的组成范围可以 是：
Figure BDA0002333243660000061
对于浆料，研磨的玻璃或浮石可以是以重量计约40％、41％、42％、43％、 44％、45％、46％、47％、48％、49％、50％、51％、52％、53％、54％、55％、 56％、57％、58％、59％或60％或它们之间的其它增量百分比。
对于浆料，水可以是以重量计约40％、41％、42％、43％、44％、45％、 46％、47％、48％、49％、50％、51％、52％、53％、54％、55％、56％、57％、 58％、59％或60％或它们之间的其它增量百分比。
对于浆料，硅酸钠可以是以重量计约3％、4％、5％、6％、7％、8％、 9％、10％、11％、12％、13％、14％或15％或它们之间的其它增量百分比。
对于浆料，NaNO3可以是以重量计约0.1％、0.2％、0.3％、0.4％、0.5％、 0.6％、0.7％、0.8％、0.9％、1％、2％、3％、4％或5％或它们之间的其它增 量百分比。
对于制粒机，研磨的玻璃或浮石可以是以重量计约50％、51％、52％、 53％、54％、55％、56％、57％、58％、59％、60％、61％、62％、63％、64％、 65％、66％、67％、68％、69％、70％、71％、72％、73％、74％、75％、76％、 77％、78％、79％、80％、81％、82％、83％、84％或85％或它们之间的其 它增量百分比。
对于制粒机，所述浆料可以是以重量计约15％、16％、17％、18％、19％、 20％、21％、22％、23％、24％、25％、26％、27％、28％、29％、30％、31％、 32％、33％、34％、35％、36％、37％、38％、39％、40％、41％、42％、43％、 44％、45％、44％、47％、48％、49％或50％或它们之间的其它增量百分比。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，膨胀轻质玻璃或浮石骨料的组成范围可 以是：
Figure BDA0002333243660000071
对于浆料，研磨的玻璃或浮石可以是以重量计约40％、41％、42％、43％、 44％、45％、46％、47％、48％、49％、50％、51％、52％、53％、54％、55％、 56％、57％、58％、59％或60％或它们之间的其它增量百分比。
对于浆料，水可以是以重量计约45％、46％、47％、48％、49％或50％ 或它们之间的其它增量百分比。
对于浆料，硅酸钠可以是以重量计约6.0％、6.1％、6.2％、6.3％、6.4％、 6.5％、6.6％、6.7％、6.8％、6.9％或7.0％或它们之间的其它增量百分比。
对于浆料，NaNO3可以是以重量计约0.9％、1.0％或1.1％或它们之间的 其它增量百分比。
可以理解的是，本文描述的具体实施方案是通过说明的方式显示的，并 不作为对本发明的限制。在不脱离本发明范围的情况下，可以在各种实施方 案中采用本发明的主要特征。本领域技术人员将认识到或仅仅使用常规实验 就能够确定本文描述的具体方法的多种等同方案。这样的等同方案被认为在 本发明的范围内，并为权利要求所涵盖。
在说明书中提及的所有出版物、专利和专利申请显示本发明所涉及的领 域中的技术人员的技术水平。将所有出版物、专利和专利申请引入本文作为 参考，其程度如同具体地和单独地表明将每个单独的出版物、专利或专利 申请引入本文作为参考。
词语“一个(a)”或“一个(an)”当在权利要求和/或说明书中与术语 “包括”联合使用时，可以指“一个(one)”，但其也与“一个或多个”、“至 少一个”和“一个或多于一个”的含义一致。权利要求中的术语“或”的使 用是用于指“和/或”，除非明确表明仅指代供选择的方案，或供选择的方案 是互相排斥的，但是本发明支持仅指代供选择的方案和“和/或”的定义。在 本申请中，术语“约”用来指这样的值，其包括针对装置、用于测定该值的 方法或研究受试者中存在的变化的误差的固有变化。
如在本说明书和权利要求(或多个权利要求)中所使用的，词语“包含(comprising)”(和包含的任何形式，如“包含(comprise)”和“包含 (comprises)”)、“具有(having)”(和具有的任何形式，如“具有(have)” 和“具有(has)”)、“包括(including)”(和包括的任何形式，如“包括(includes)” 和“包括(include)”)或“含有(containing)”(和含有的任何形式，如“含 有(contains)”和“含有(contain)”)是包括性的或开放式的，不排除另外 的未列举的要素或方法步骤。
如本文所使用的术语“或其组合”是指在该术语前所列项目的所有排列 和组合。例如，“A、B、C或其组合”旨在包括以下中的至少一个：A、B、 C、AB、AC、BC或ABC，并且如果在具体上下文中顺序是重要的，还包 括BA、CA、CB、CBA、BCA、ACB、BAC或CAB。继续该实例，明确包 括的是包含一个或多个项目或术语的重复的组合，如BB、AAA、AB、BBC、 AAABCCCC、CBBAAA、CABABB等。技术人员将理解通常任意组合中的 项目或术语的数量没有限制，除非从上下文中明显可见。
根据本发明，本文公开和要求保护的所有组合物和/或方法可以在不进行 过度实验的情况下形成或实施。虽然以优选的实施方案描述了本发明的组合 物和方法，但对于本领域技术人员明显的是，在不脱离本发明的构思、精神 和范围的情况下，可以对本文所描述的组合物和/或方法以及方法的步骤或步 骤的顺序进行变化。对本领域技术人员明显的所有这些类似的替代和改变被 视为在所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神、范围和构思内。

Claims (18)

1.一种由混合物形成的可挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材料，所述混合物包括：
以湿重百分比计40至90％的水泥；
以湿重百分比计5至40％的轻质膨胀骨料，所述轻质膨胀骨料包括膨胀玻璃、膨胀浮石或其组合；
以湿重百分比计0.1至50％的二次材料，所述二次材料包括沙、石膏、硅灰、热解法二氧化硅、飞灰、炉渣、岩石或其组合；
以湿重百分比计1至20％的增强纤维，所述增强纤维包括纤维素纤维、玻璃纤维、聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维或其组合；
以湿重百分比计0.5至10％的流变改性剂；
以湿重百分比计0.1至8％的缓凝剂；
占总的湿材料重量的10至60％的水；以及
所述混合物是可挤出的。
2.如权利要求1所述的可挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材料，其中，所述膨胀玻璃或所述膨胀浮石通过以下方式制成：
将以重量百分比计40至60％的研磨的玻璃或浮石与以重量百分比计40至60％的水混合以生产浆料；
将以重量百分比计3至15％的硅酸钠加至所述浆料；
将0.1至5％的NaNO3加至所述浆料；
通过进料以重量百分比计50至80％的研磨的玻璃或浮石与以重量百分比计15至50％的所述浆料，在制粒机中形成膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石；
干燥形成的膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石；
将干燥的膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石与30％的磨细的高岭土一起加热至800到1400摄氏度的温度；以及
冷却加热的膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石。
3.如权利要求1所述的可挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材料，其中，所述膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石通过以下方式制成：
将以重量百分比计40至60％的研磨的玻璃或浮石与以重量百分比计40至60％的水混合以生产浆料；
将以重量百分比计3至15％的硅酸钠加至所述浆料；
将0.1至5％的NaNO3加至所述浆料；
通过进料使用1份浆料比2.5份研磨的玻璃或浮石的比例的研磨的玻璃或浮石与浆料，在制粒机中形成膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石；
干燥形成的膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石；
将干燥的膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石与30％的磨细的高岭土一起加热至800到1400摄氏度的温度；以及
冷却加热的膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石。
4.如权利要求1所述的可挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材料，其中，所述膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石通过以下方式制成：
将以重量百分比计40至60％的研磨的玻璃或浮石与以重量百分比计45至50％的水混合以生产浆料；
将以重量百分比计6至7％的硅酸钠加至所述浆料；
将0.9至1.1％的NaNO3加至所述浆料；
通过进料使用1份浆料比2.5份研磨的玻璃或浮石的比例的研磨的玻璃或浮石与浆料，在制粒机中形成膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石；
干燥形成的膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石；
将干燥的膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石与30％的磨细的高岭土一起加热至800到1400摄氏度的温度；以及
冷却加热的膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石。
5.如权利要求1所述的可挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材料，所述膨胀玻璃或所述膨胀浮石的直径为0-8mm，堆积密度为0.10至0.5g/cm3，有效密度为0.10至0.8g/cm3，压缩强度为0.5MPa至5MPa，以及热导率为0.04至0.15W/mK。
6.如权利要求1所述的可挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材料，所述轻质膨胀骨料的粒度包括0-1mm、1-2mm、2-4mm、4-8mm或其组合。
7.如权利要求1所述的可挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材料，其中，所述流变改性剂包括多糖、多糖衍生物、蛋白质、蛋白质衍生物、合成有机材料、合成有机材衍生物或其组合。
8.如权利要求1所述的可挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材料，在挤出并使凝固2至3小时后，所述可挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材料的密度为0.2至1.0g/cm3，压缩强度为0.5MPa至10MPa，并且热导率为0.05至0.3W/mK。
9.如权利要求1所述的可挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材料，其中，所述缓凝剂包括柠檬酸钠，或熟石膏、柠檬酸钠和结晶二氧化硅的混合物。
10.一种用于生产可挤出的轻质热绝缘水泥基材料的方法，其包括以下步骤：
混合以湿重百分比计40至90％的水泥，以湿重百分比计5至40％的轻质膨胀骨料，所述轻质膨胀骨料包括膨胀玻璃、膨胀浮石或其组合，以湿重百分比计0.1至50％的二次材料，所述二次材料包括沙、石膏、硅灰、热解法二氧化硅、飞灰、炉渣、岩石或其组合，以湿重百分比计1至20％的增强纤维，所述增强纤维包括纤维素纤维、玻璃纤维、聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维或其组合，以湿重百分比计0.5至10％的流变改性剂和以湿重百分比计0.1至8％的缓凝剂以及占总的湿材料重量的10至60％的水；
采用挤出机将混合物通过模具挤出；以及
使挤出的混合物凝固。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，还包括制造轻质膨胀骨料的步骤，其包括以下步骤：
将以重量百分比计40至60％的研磨的玻璃或浮石与以重量百分比计40至60％的水混合以生产浆料；
将以重量百分比计3至15％的硅酸钠加至所述浆料；
将0.1至5％的NaNO3加至所述浆料；
通过进料以重量百分比计50至80％的研磨的玻璃或浮石与以重量百分比计15至50％的所述浆料，在制粒机中形成骨料；
干燥形成的骨料；
将干燥的骨料与30％的磨细的高岭土一起加热至800到1400摄氏度的温度；以及
冷却加热的骨料。
12.如权利要求10所述的方法，还包括制造所述膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石的步骤，其包括以下步骤：
将以重量百分比计40至60％的研磨的玻璃或浮石与以重量百分比计40至60％的水混合以生产浆料；
将以重量百分比计3至15％的硅酸钠加至所述浆料；
将0.1至5％的NaNO3加至所述浆料；
通过进料使用1份浆料比2.5份研磨的玻璃或浮石的比例的研磨的玻璃或浮石与浆料，在制粒机中形成膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石；
干燥形成的膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石；
将干燥的膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石与30％的磨细的高岭土一起加热至800到1400摄氏度的温度；以及
冷却加热的膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石。
13.如权利要求10所述的方法，还包括制造所述膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石的步骤，其包括以下步骤：
将以重量百分比计40至60％的研磨的玻璃或浮石与以重量百分比计45至50％的水混合以生产浆料；
将以重量百分比计6至7％的硅酸钠加至所述浆料；
将0.9至1.1％的NaNO3加至所述浆料；
通过进料使用1份浆料比2.5份研磨的玻璃或浮石的比例的研磨的玻璃或浮石与浆料，在制粒机中形成膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石；
干燥形成的膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石；
将干燥的膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石与30％的磨细的高岭土一起加热至800到1400摄氏度的温度；以及
冷却加热的膨胀玻璃或膨胀浮石。
14.如权利要求10所述的方法，所述膨胀玻璃或所述膨胀浮石的直径为0-8mm，堆积密度为0.10至0.5g/cm3，有效密度为0.10至0.8g/cm3，压缩强度为0.5MPa至5MPa，以及热导率为0.04至0.15W/mK。
15.如权利要求10所述的方法，所述轻质膨胀骨料的粒度包括0-1mm、1-2mm、2-4mm、4-8mm或其组合。
16.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述流变改性剂包括多糖、多糖衍生物、蛋白质、蛋白质衍生物、合成有机材料、合成有机材衍生物或其组合。
17.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述缓凝剂包括柠檬酸钠，或熟石膏、柠檬酸钠和结晶二氧化硅的混合物。
18.如权利要求10所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：
使所述挤出的混合物凝固多达2至3小时；
固化或干燥所述挤出的混合物；
将所述挤出的混合物模塑、切割、修整、砂磨或镂铣成指定形状；或者
用防水剂喷洒所述挤出的混合物。
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