CN110915585A - High-yield and high-efficiency planting method for improving survival rate of radix bupleuri by corn-radix bupleuri intercropping - Google Patents
High-yield and high-efficiency planting method for improving survival rate of radix bupleuri by corn-radix bupleuri intercropping Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for improving the survival rate of radix bupleuri by intercropping radix bupleuri in corn, which comprises the following steps: selecting land, preparing land, fertilizing, planting corn and managing in the field, treating bupleurum seeds, sowing time of bupleurum, sowing method of bupleurum, fertilizing bupleurum, managing in the field and harvesting bupleurum. Mainly planting radix bupleuri, intercropping with corn in the first year, and harvesting succulent radix bupleuri roots in the second year. The cultivation mode of intercropping with corn is adopted, the requirement of preference for light in the middle and later stages of seedling stage of radix bupleuri is fully met, the emergence rate and the survival rate of radix bupleuri are improved, and the yield is greatly increased. The corn and the bupleurum are intercropped, the land coverage rate is increased due to the planting of the corn in the seedling stage of the bupleurum, the growth of weeds in the field is effectively reduced, the problem of breeding of single-cropping weeds of the bupleurum is solved, the labor input is reduced, and the method is a light and simplified planting mode. The principle of complementary advantages and balanced utilization of nutrients is fully exerted on the absorption of soil nutrients by intercropping of corn and bupleurum, and balanced absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is realized on the nutrient variety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to an efficient planting method for improving the survival rate of radix bupleuri by intercropping radix bupleuri in corn.
Background
Bupleuri radix (bupleuri radix)Bupleurum chinenseDC.) alias, North radix bupleuri, is a perennial herb of Umbelliferae, is used as a medicine by root, has the functions of relieving exterior syndrome, relieving fever, invigorating yang, soothing liver and relieving depression, has good antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, is a large amount of Chinese medicinal material varieties commonly used in China, and is mainly produced in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Gansu and other places. The radix bupleuri has cool climatic conditions and strong cold resistance and drought resistance. At present, the dosage of bupleurum is increasing day by day, wild resources are decreasing day by day, and the requirement of human beings can not be met, so that the artificial cultivation of bupleurum becomes the main mode of bupleurum medicine source. However, the existing method for planting bupleurum and field management inherits field crops, runs counter to the shade preference of bupleurum in the germination period and the seedling period and the growth habit that adult plants need sufficient sunlight for growth, leads to the difficulties of bupleurum seed germination and emergence, low emergence rate, weak seedlings, weeds and blindness in field fertilization, excessive fertilizer consumption, serious influence on the quality and the yield of bupleurum and low planting benefit.
The areas of Shanxi province, Jinnan and Jindong south are rich in rain and heat, are the main areas for producing the radix bupleuri in the dao and are also golden areas for producing corn. In view of the problems of the regional bupleurum in the single crop production, the invention provides a method for intercropping bupleurum between corns.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the current artificial cultivation technology of the bupleurum, the invention provides a high-yield and high-efficiency planting method for improving the survival rate of the bupleurum by intercropping the bupleurum between corns. The method adopts grain and medicine intercropping method, intercrops the thorowax root on the ground while planting the grain crop corn, mainly plants the radix bupleuri, intercrops the radix bupleuri with the corn in the first year, and collects the fleshy root of the radix bupleuri in the second year, thereby not only improving the comprehensive economic benefit of the land and the income of farmers, but also solving the defect of single crop of the radix bupleuri.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a high-yield and high-efficiency planting method for improving the survival rate of radix bupleuri by corn-radix bupleuri intercropping comprises the following steps:
(1) suitable region of
The main cultivation area of the corn and the radix bupleuri in the field is selected, the rain and heat are rich, the soil layer is deep, and the soil is preferably sandy soil or loam.
(2) Land selection and preparation
The method is characterized in that loam, sandy loam or gentle slope mountain land with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage is selected for planting, and the land with heavy soil and unsmooth drainage is not easy to select.
After the field is selected, deep ploughing or deep scarification is needed before corn sowing, organic fertilizer is applied deeply to promote the growth of the fleshy roots of the radix bupleuri, the soil deep ploughing is required to be more than 30cm, and the soil is harrowed and leveled finely after the deep ploughing.
(3) Fertilizing
The principle of the intercropping fertilization of the corn and the radix bupleuri is that all farmyard manure, phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and 40 percent of nitrogen fertilizer are used as base fertilizer to be applied before the corn is sowed, and 60 percent of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a slow-release nitrogen form before the radix bupleuri is sowed. According to the nutrient requirements of the corn and the radix bupleuri, the total amount of nitrogen required by the first year growth of the corn and the radix bupleuri is 12-15 kg. Therefore, before corn sowing, 1000-2000 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure, 4-6 kg of pure nitrogen (quick-acting nitrogen) and P are applied to each mu in combination with deep ploughing2O55~7kg，K2And 4-8 kg of O. And finely raking and leveling the soil after the fertilization is finished.
Before radix bupleuri is sown, pure nitrogen (slow release nitrogen) is applied to each mu of corn rows by combining with corn intertillage, wherein the pure nitrogen is 7-9 kg. During 4-6 months of the Chimaphila, 40-50 kg of the special slow-release fertilizer for radix bupleuri is applied to each mu according to soil moisture content.
(4) Corn planting and management
The corn is generally sowed at the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months, the sowing depth is 4-6 cm, the sowing density is 4000 plants per mu, the plant spacing is 40cm, and the row spacing is 60 cm. And selecting a tightness-resistant variety from the corn variety. The field management is carried out according to normal management, intertillage weeding is carried out in the middle growth period of the corn, and weeding is not allowed by herbicide and artificial weeding is carried out. Harvesting is carried out when a black layer of the corn grains appears at the end of 9-10 months.
(5) Sowing and management of bupleurum root
5.1, seed selection and seed treatment: selecting new seeds produced by two-year-old radix bupleuri, and mechanically treating seed coat by stirring fine sand and seeds to remove part of the outer skin, or removing the outer skin with a rice mill to damage the seed coat. Thus promoting the water absorption of the seeds, advancing the seedling emergence and improving the seedling emergence rate.
5.2, sowing time and method: the seedling emergence time of the bupleurum is long, the sowing principle is that the seedlings should not be sown in the morning and not in the evening, and the seedlings should not be sown after waiting for rain after sowing. And combining the corn intertillage weeding time, wherein the optimal sowing time is from 6 to 7 ten days. And 3-4 kg of bupleurum seeds are used per mu in an even broadcast sowing mode. Before sowing, the corn field is intertilled to remove weeds, the field is harrowed flat, and then seeds are uniformly sowed among corn rows by hands. Because the bupleurum seeds have small and light particles, the manual sowing can be carried out for 2-3 times, the 1 st sowing accounts for 1/2 or 1/3, and the seeds are uniformly sown for 2 or 3 times. Since the seeds are on the surface, the seeds must be pressed with stone rollers or manually stepped after planting. The upper deficiency and the lower excess are achieved to facilitate germination and seedling emergence.
5.3, field management of radix bupleuri
5.3.1, thinning: when the seedlings of the radix bupleuri grow to 10-15 cm, thinning is carried out for 1 time according to the condition of the seedlings, the plant spacing is not too close, and the plant spacing is 3-4 cm generally, so that the seedlings are prevented from being crowded and shaded and competing for water and nutrients.
5.3.2, fertilization: sufficient farmyard manure and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer required by radix bupleuri are applied at one time before corn seeding, and only the residual 60% of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is required for the first year growth of the radix bupleuri and the later stage grouting and ripening of the corn before the radix bupleuri is sown, namely 7-9 kg of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is applied between corn rows per mu. 40-50 kg of the special slow-release fertilizer for radix bupleuri is applied to each mu according to soil moisture in the middle and last ten days of 4-6 months in the Li, and no additional fertilizer is applied.
5.3.3, intertillage weeding: after the corn is harvested in the same year, field weeds are manually removed by intertillage for 1 time according to the field seedling condition. In the bamboo straw hat year, the radix bupleuri seedlings are hoed for 1-2 times after turning green, weeds are reduced after the seedlings grow up and are ridged, and weeding is not needed.
5.3.4, topping: bupleurum chinense planted in corn field is basically not specially managed in 1 st year. And after the 2 nd year, the plots without seeds are picked, in order to improve the yield and the quality of roots, topping the radix bupleuri in the bud period, when partial buds begin to appear, topping, and topping for 2-3 times.
(6) Harvesting
6.1, harvesting seeds: and after the 2 nd year, the seeds need to be harvested, bolting is not carried out, and the maturing time of the seeds is different due to inconsistent bolting and flowering, and the seeds are mature in 8-10 months generally. When the epidermis of the seed is browned and the seed is hardened, the seed can be harvested.
6.2, harvesting roots: after the corn is harvested in the 1 st year, the radix bupleuri enters the vigorous growth stage, the corn is not sown in the 2 nd year, and the autumn harvesting of the radix bupleuri in the second or third year after sowing can be determined according to actual requirements. Harvesting after withering in 10 months, cutting off overground parts with sickle or machine, mechanically or manually digging roots, shaking off soil, removing stem and leaf, and drying in the sun.
After harvesting, the radix bupleuri is bundled into small bundles for sale according to 3 grades with the stem diameter of more than 0.6cm, 0.4-0.6 cm and less than 0.4 cm.
By adopting the intercropping method, the comprehensive utilization rate of land is improved through the intercropping interaction of the corn and the radix bupleuri, the economic benefit generates a superposition effect, and the intercropping method has obvious difference compared with the single intercropping of the radix bupleuri.
The method of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method adopts a cultivation mode of intercropping with corns according to the characteristics of long sprouting period, development period and seedling period of the bupleurum, plants the bupleurum when the corns grow to cover the land, and collects the intercropped corns after the bupleurum grows over the seedling period so as to meet the growth characteristic that the adult bupleurum needs sufficient sunlight. The intercropping with corn fully meets the requirement of the bupleurum for pleasing yin in the middle and later periods of the seedling period. Meanwhile, the corn radix bupleuri intercropping effectively utilizes natural resources such as light, heat, fertilizer, water and the like, effectively increases the biological diversity of farmlands, improves the group structure of crops, and improves the productivity of unit land area.
2. In the artificial cultivation process, weeds are important factors influencing the yield of radix bupleuri, and if weeds are prevented and removed in time, weeds are easy to grow, diseases and insect pests are bred, the growth of Chinese herbal medicine plants is influenced, and finally the yield reduction and quality reduction of the Chinese herbal medicines are caused. The corn and the bupleurum are intercropped, the land coverage rate is increased due to the planting of the corn in the seedling stage of the bupleurum, the growth of weeds in the field is effectively reduced, the problem of breeding of single-cropping weeds of the bupleurum is solved, the labor input is reduced, and the method is a light and simplified planting mode.
3. The radix bupleuri takes roots as a commodity and needs higher phosphorus and potassium, the corn is a gramineous crop and needs more nitrogen, and the roots and the corn are intercropped to fully play the principles of advantage complementation and nutrient balanced utilization in the absorption of soil nutrients, so that the balanced absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is realized in the nutrient variety.
4. The method of the invention specifies the fertilizer application amount, application period and application method. By utilizing the characteristics that nitrogen is easy to leach and lose and phosphorus and potassium are not easy to lose and have long-term aftereffect, all phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and 40 percent of nitrogen fertilizers are applied before corn seeding, the rest 60 percent of nitrogen fertilizers are applied before radix bupleuri is seeded, overall arrangement is realized in the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the nutrient requirements of corn growth and development are met, the nutrient requirements of radix bupleuri for the first year growth are provided, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients are efficiently utilized.
The invention has reasonable design and good practical application and popularization value.
Detailed Description
The following provides a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
In order to verify the effect of intercropping the radix bupleuri with corn, the base of the northern village in the Wanrong county in the south of Shanxi province is selected as a test point. The experiment is provided with two treatments, namely single cropping of bupleurum I and intercropping of corn bupleurum II. The experimental field was arranged in strips, one treatment each, 300m each2。
The specific implementation steps are as follows:
i, treatment of Bupleurum root
Operating according to a traditional mode of farmers, broadcasting 40kg of common compound fertilizer per mu in the last 4 months of the first year, then carrying out rotary tillage to level the land, sowing, and covering soil after broadcasting, wherein the sowing amount per mu is 3-4 kg. After seedling emergence, management such as thinning, final singling, field weeding and the like is carried out, and 20kg of common compound fertilizer is applied in the middle and last ten days of 6 months. In late 4 months of the next year, 40kg of common compound fertilizer is applied per mu, 20kg of common compound fertilizer is applied in the middle and late 6 months, and the field management such as topping and harvesting of radix bupleuri is the same as that of intercropping of corn and radix bupleuri.
II, intercropping treatment of corn and radix bupleuri
2.1, leveling land in late ten days of 4 months, wherein 1000-2000 kg of farmyard manure, 4-6 kg of pure nitrogen (quick-acting nitrogen) and P are added in each mu of farmyard manure2O55~7kg，K2Fertilizing with the amount of O4-6 kg, deep ploughing or deeply loosening soil with the depth of more than 30cm after fertilizing, and finely raking and leveling after ploughing.
2.2, the corn sowing depth is 4-6 cm, the sowing density is 4000 plants per mu, the plant spacing is 40cm, and the row spacing is 60 cm. And selecting a tightness-resistant variety from the corn variety. The field management is carried out according to normal management, intertillage weeding is carried out in the late 6 th month, and the weeding is not allowed to use herbicide and is carried out manually. And harvesting in late 9 th month when a black layer of corn grains appears.
2.3, selecting new seeds produced by the two-year-old radix bupleuri, mechanically treating seed coats, sowing in the middle-ploughing of corns in the last 6 th month, and applying 7-9 kg of pure nitrogen (slow-release nitrogen) to each mu in combination with the middle-ploughing before sowing. And (3) uniformly sowing by using a uniform sowing mode, namely 3-4 kg of radix bupleuri seeds per mu, uniformly sowing the seeds among the corn rows by using hands, and pressing by using a stone roller after sowing.
And 2.4 thinning the seedlings when the seedlings of the radix bupleuri grow to 10-15 cm, wherein the plant spacing is 3-4 cm. After the corn is harvested in the same year, intertillage is carried out for 1 time, and field weeds are manually removed.
2.5, applying 40kg of special slow-release fertilizer for radix bupleuri in 4 middle ten days of the Chimaphila year per mu, and hoeing shallowly 1-2 times after the radix bupleuri seedlings turn green. And (4) topping the radix bupleuri in a bud period, and topping for 2-3 times. In 10 months, after withering, mechanically or manually digging roots, shaking off soil, removing stems and leaves, and drying in the sun.
The test result of the example 1 is compared with the test result of the intercropping of the bupleurum root and the corn bupleurum root, the rate of emergence and the survival rate of the intercropping are higher than those of the intercropping, the yield is obviously improved, the yield is increased by 34.6 percent, the benefit is also obviously improved, and the income per mu is increased by 3188 yuan.
TABLE 1 field test results of intercropping of corn and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium
Example 2
The base of Guangsheng Capsule Co Ltd, elm county, of Shanxi province, Jinsoutheast, is selected as a test point. The experiment is provided with two treatments, namely single cropping of bupleurum I and intercropping of corn bupleurum II. The experimental field was arranged in strips, one treatment for each treatment 667m2。
The specific implementation steps are as follows:
i, treatment of Bupleurum root
Operating according to a traditional mode of farmers, broadcasting 40kg of compound fertilizer per mu in the last ten days of 5 months, then carrying out rotary tillage to level the land, sowing, and covering soil after broadcasting, wherein the sowing amount per mu is 3-4 kg. After seedling emergence, management such as thinning, final singling, field weeding and the like is carried out, and 20kg of common compound fertilizer is applied in the late 6 th month. In late 4 months of the next year, 40kg of common compound fertilizer is applied per mu, 20kg of common compound fertilizer is applied in the middle and late 6 months, and the field management such as topping and harvesting of radix bupleuri is the same as that of intercropping of corn and radix bupleuri.
II, intercropping treatment of corn and radix bupleuri
Leveling land in the last ten days of 2.1 and 5 months, wherein the fertilizer is 1000-2000 kg of farmyard manure per mu, 4-6 kg of pure nitrogen (quick-acting nitrogen) and P2O55~7kg，K2Fertilizing with the dosage of O6-8 kg, deep ploughing or deeply loosening soil with the depth of more than 30cm after fertilizing, and finely raking and leveling after ploughing.
2.2, the corn sowing depth is 4-6 cm, the sowing density is 4000 plants per mu, the plant spacing is 40cm, and the row spacing is 60 cm. And selecting a tightness-resistant variety from the corn variety. The field management is carried out according to normal management, intertillage weeding is carried out at the beginning of 7 months, and weeding is not allowed by herbicide and artificial weeding is carried out. And harvesting in late 9 th month when a black layer of corn grains appears.
2.3, selecting new seeds produced by the two-year-old radix bupleuri, mechanically treating seed coats, sowing in the corn intertillage at the beginning of 7 months, and applying 7-9 kg of pure nitrogen (slow-release nitrogen) per mu in combination with the intertillage before sowing. And (3) uniformly sowing by using a uniform sowing mode, namely 3-4 kg of radix bupleuri seeds per mu, uniformly sowing the seeds among the corn rows by using hands, and pressing by using a stone roller after sowing.
And 2.4 thinning the seedlings when the seedlings of the radix bupleuri grow to 10-15 cm, wherein the plant spacing is 3-4 cm. After the corn is harvested in the same year, intertillage is carried out for 1 time, and field weeds are manually removed.
2.5, applying 50kg of special slow-release fertilizer for radix bupleuri in 4 middle ten days of the Chimaphila year per mu, and hoeing shallowly 1-2 times after the radix bupleuri seedlings turn green. And (4) topping the radix bupleuri in a bud period, and topping for 2-3 times. In 10 months, after withering, mechanically or manually digging roots, shaking off soil, removing stems and leaves, and drying in the sun.
The test result of the example 2 is compared with the test result of the intercropping of the corn bupleurum, the emergence rate and the survival rate of the intercropping are higher than those of the intercropping, the yield is obviously improved, the yield is increased by 33.5 percent, the benefit is also obviously improved, and the income per mu is increased by 3010 yuan.
TABLE 2 field test results of intercropping of corn and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the detailed description is made with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which shall all fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A high-yield and high-efficiency planting method for improving the survival rate of radix bupleuri by corn-radix bupleuri intercropping is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) and a suitable area: selecting a main planting area of corn and radix bupleuri, wherein soil is sandy soil or loam;
(2) land preparation: after the field is selected, deep ploughing or deep scarification is carried out before corn sowing, and the requirement of soil deep ploughing is more than 30 cm;
(3) and fertilizing: applying all farmyard manure, phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and 40% of nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer before the corn is sowed in the first year;
60 percent of nitrogen fertilizer is applied before the bupleurum is sowed in a slow-release nitrogen form;
(4) planting and managing corns: sowing the corn at the bottom of 4-5 months and at the early stage of 4-6 cm in depth; performing field management according to normal management, performing intertillage weeding in the middle growth period of the corn, and harvesting when a black layer of corn grains appears in the early 9-10 months of the year;
(5) and bupleurum seeding and management:
seed selection and seed treatment: selecting seeds produced by two-year-old radix bupleuri, and mechanically treating seed coats by using fine sand and seeds to stir and grind partial outer skins or using a rice mill to remove the outer skins to damage the seed coats;
the sowing time and the method are as follows: sowing time is from 6 to 7 ten days of the first month, a uniform sowing mode is adopted, and 3-4 kg of radix bupleuri seeds are used per mu; before sowing, cultivating the corn field, removing weeds, harrowing the field, and uniformly sowing seeds among corn rows;
field management: thinning 1 time according to the seedling condition when the seedling emergence of the radix bupleuri grows to 10-15 cm, and ensuring the plant spacing to be 3-4 cm; after the corn is harvested, intertillage is carried out for 1 time according to the field seedling condition, and field weeds are removed; in the bamboo hat year, hoeing 1-2 times after the radix bupleuri seedlings turn green; topping is carried out when the bupleurum enters the bud period, topping is carried out when partial buds begin to appear, and topping is carried out for 2-3 times; after 10 months in the next year the plants withered, harvested.
2. The high-yield and high-efficiency planting method for improving the survival rate of radix bupleuri by corn-radix bupleuri intercropping as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), before corn sowing, deep ploughing is combined to apply 1000-2000 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure, 4-6 kg of pure nitrogen (quick-acting nitrogen) and P per mu2O55~7kg，K2O 4~8kg；
Before radix bupleuri is sown, pure nitrogen (slow release nitrogen) is applied to each mu of corn rows by combining with corn intertillage, wherein the pure nitrogen is 7-9 kg.
3. The high-yield and high-efficiency planting method for improving the survival rate of radix bupleuri by corn-radix bupleuri intercropping according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the seeding density of the corn is 4000 plants per mu, the plant spacing is 40cm, and the row spacing is 60 cm.
4. The high-yield and high-efficiency planting method for improving the survival rate of radix bupleuri by corn-radix bupleuri intercropping as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the step (5), the bupleurum is sowed for 2-3 times back and forth, wherein the 1 st sowing accounts for 1/2 or 1/3 in total, and the seeds are uniformly sown for 2 times or 3 times.
5. The high-yield and high-efficiency planting method for improving the survival rate of radix bupleuri by corn-radix bupleuri intercropping as claimed in claim 2, wherein: during 4-6 months of the Chimaphila, 40-50 kg of the special slow-release fertilizer for radix bupleuri is applied to each mu according to soil moisture content.
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| CN113016523A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-06-25 | 汉中市农业科学研究所（陕西省水稻研究所） | Ecological planting method for intercropping and interplanting of radix bupleuri and corn |
| CN115997633A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-04-25 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司汇川分公司 | Method for interplanting flue-cured tobacco and radix bupleuri |
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