CN110903128A

CN110903128A - Rice straw organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110903128A
Application number: CN201911233098.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙骊珠; 张琦; 张霞
Original assignee: Qingdao Jiudian Intelligent Agriculture Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Qingdao Jiudian Intelligent Agriculture Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-05
Filing date: 2019-12-05
Publication date: 2020-03-24

Abstract

The invention provides a rice straw organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of crop straw utilization and organic fertilizer production. The rice straw organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of rice straw, 2-6 parts of humic acid, 0.5-1 part of cellulase and 1-2 parts of yeast powder; the preparation method comprises the processes of enzymolysis, fermentation, drying, crushing, mixing and the like. The rice straw organic fertilizer contains a large amount of organic matters, can activate nutrients, loosen soil, enhance the air permeability of the soil, is beneficial to the growth of crop roots, and has a better improvement effect on saline-alkali soil.

Description

Rice straw organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of crop straw utilization and organic fertilizer production, and particularly relates to a rice straw organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The rice is one of important grain crops in China, wherein the saline-alkali tolerant rice has certain saline-alkali tolerant capacity, can reduce the saline-alkali degree of soil to a certain extent, and has the effect of improving the saline-alkali soil. However, saline-alkali soil has poor fertility, low organic matter content and poor soil aggregate structure, and in order to increase the yield of rice, people usually increase the soil fertility by blind fertilization, so that resources are wasted and the effect is slight.

The rice straw is huge in quantity and is an abundant renewable resource. The yield of the straws changes along with seasons, and is high, the value is low, the volume is large, the straws are inconvenient to transport, the natural degradation is extremely slow, the development of the straw utilization technology is slow, and the like, so that most of the straws are not effectively utilized, but are incinerated or abandoned in the natural environment, and great environmental pollution and serious resource waste are caused. The rice straw is rich in organic matters, originates from farmlands, returns to the farmlands through fermentation and decomposition, and is an important fertilizer source for supplementing organic matters and nutrients of soil and improving the soil structure. However, because the rice straw surface is covered with a layer of wax and the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the rice straw are high, the straw is difficult to be degraded by microorganisms in a natural field state when being directly returned to the field, so that the conversion time is long, the next crop cultivation is influenced, and the pest and disease damage is aggravated.

Therefore, the rice straw is made into the organic fertilizer in an efficient and environment-friendly way, and the problem to be solved is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the rice straw organic fertilizer, which utilizes the enzymolysis and fermentation of rice straws and is matched with humic acid for use, thereby providing nutrition for the high-yield and high-quality rice planting in saline-alkali soil. The technical scheme is as follows:

the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of rice straw, 2-6 parts of humic acid, 0.5-1 part of cellulase and 1-2 parts of yeast powder.

On the basis of the scheme, the rice straw organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of rice straw, 2 parts of humic acid, 0.5 part of cellulase and 1 part of yeast powder.

On the basis of the scheme, the rice straw organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of rice straw, 4 parts of humic acid, 0.5 part of cellulase and 1 part of yeast powder.

On the basis of the scheme, the rice straw organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of rice straw, 6 parts of humic acid, 1 part of cellulase and 2 parts of yeast powder.

The preparation method of the rice straw organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) enzymolysis

Taking rice straws, cutting into straw residues with the length of 1-2cm, adding sufficient clear water for soaking, taking out after soaking for 2-3 days, placing in a container, adding cellulase, stirring uniformly, controlling the temperature at 40-60 ℃, and carrying out enzymolysis for 3-4h to obtain the straw residues after enzymolysis.

(2) Fermentation of

And (3) scattering yeast powder into the straw residues after enzymolysis, uniformly stirring, covering hay on the upper layer of the straw residues, keeping ventilation, controlling the temperature to be 40-50 ℃, and fermenting for 7-10 days to obtain fermented straw residues.

(3) Drying and crushing

And (3) placing the fermented straw residues in a dryer for drying, and then placing in a crusher for crushing to 100 meshes to obtain straw powder.

(4) Mixing uniformly

And (3) uniformly mixing humic acid and straw powder in proportion to prepare the rice straw organic fertilizer.

The organic fertilizer prepared by the method is applied to improving saline-alkali soil and increasing crop yield of saline-alkali soil.

On the basis of the scheme, when the rice straw organic fertilizer is used, the rice straw organic fertilizer and a base fertilizer are spread on the saline-alkali soil together according to 200-300 kg/mu, and after the spreading is finished, rotary tillage is immediately carried out, and the rice straw organic fertilizer is turned and pressed to the depth of 10-15 cm underground.

The invention has the beneficial effects that the cellulase can effectively decompose cellulose in the rice straw body, destroy the cell wall of the rice straw and release cell content substances. The saccharomycete fermentation can reduce the sugar content of the enzymolyzed stalk dregs effectively and prevent overhigh sugar content from raising soil viscosity and soil penetrating liquid concentration. The humic acid has a good improvement effect on saline-alkali soil. The straw stalk organic fertilizer is safe and pollution-free, contains a large amount of organic matters after enzymolysis and fermentation, can activate nutrients, loosen soil, enhance the air permeability of the soil, is beneficial to the growth of crop roots, and improves the life vitality and immunity of crops; the fertilizer has lasting effect, reduced fertilizer consumption and obvious yield increasing effect, and can return straws to the field, improve the utilization rate of the straw straws, improve the quality of crops, prolong the storage period and increase the yield of the crops; meanwhile, the granular structure of the saline-alkali soil is effectively improved, and the organic matter content of the soil is increased.

Detailed Description

Terms used in the present invention have generally meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following data in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Example 1

Taking 50kg of rice straws, cutting into straw residues with the length of 1-2cm, adding sufficient clear water for soaking, taking out after soaking for 2 days, placing in a container, adding 0.5kg (2500U/g) of cellulase, stirring uniformly, controlling the temperature at 40-60 ℃, and carrying out enzymolysis for 3-4h to obtain the straw residues after enzymolysis; scattering 1kg of yeast powder into the straw residues after enzymolysis, uniformly stirring, covering hay on the upper layer of the straw residues, keeping ventilation, controlling the temperature at 40-50 ℃, and fermenting for 8 days to obtain fermented straw residues; placing the fermented straw residues in a dryer for drying, and then placing in a crusher for crushing to 100 meshes to obtain straw powder; and (3) uniformly mixing 2kg of humic acid and straw powder to prepare the rice straw organic fertilizer.

The procedure of the following examples was carried out in the same manner as in example 1, except for the amounts of the components.

Example 2

Taking 80kg of rice straws, cutting into straw residues with the length of 1-2cm, adding sufficient clear water for soaking, taking out after soaking for 3 days, placing in a container, adding 0.5kg (2500U/g) of cellulase, stirring uniformly, controlling the temperature at 40-60 ℃, and carrying out enzymolysis for 3-4h to obtain the straw residues after enzymolysis; scattering 1kg of yeast powder into the straw residues after enzymolysis, uniformly stirring, covering hay on the upper layer of the straw residues, keeping ventilation, controlling the temperature at 40-50 ℃, and fermenting for 10 days to obtain fermented straw residues; placing the fermented straw residues in a dryer for drying, and then placing in a crusher for crushing to 100 meshes to obtain straw powder; and (3) uniformly mixing 4kg of humic acid and straw powder to prepare the rice straw organic fertilizer.

Example 3

Taking 100kg of rice straws, cutting into straw residues with the length of 1-2cm, adding sufficient clear water for soaking, taking out after soaking for 2-3 days, placing in a container, adding 1kg (2500U/g) of cellulase, stirring uniformly, controlling the temperature at 40-60 ℃, and carrying out enzymolysis for 3-4h to obtain the straw residues after enzymolysis; scattering 2kg of yeast powder into the straw residues after enzymolysis, uniformly stirring, covering hay on the upper layer of the straw residues, keeping ventilation, controlling the temperature at 40-50 ℃, and fermenting for 9 days to obtain fermented straw residues; placing the fermented straw residues in a dryer for drying, and then placing in a crusher for crushing to 100 meshes to obtain straw powder; and (3) uniformly mixing 6kg of humic acid and straw powder to prepare the rice straw organic fertilizer.

When the organic fertilizer is used, the organic fertilizer prepared by the method is scattered on a saline-alkali soil together with a base fertilizer according to 200-300 kg/mu, and after the scattering is finished, rotary tillage is immediately carried out, and the organic fertilizer is turned and pressed to the depth of 10-15 cm underground. Crops are planted in good time, and the organic fertilizer prepared by the method can improve the rice yield by more than 8% and improve the corn yield by more than 10%.

The above-mentioned embodiments only provide several embodiments of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A rice straw organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of rice straw, 2-6 parts of humic acid, 0.5-1 part of cellulase and 1-2 parts of yeast powder.

2. The rice straw organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of rice straw, 2 parts of humic acid, 0.5 part of cellulase and 1 part of yeast powder.

3. The rice straw organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of rice straw, 4 parts of humic acid, 0.5 part of cellulase and 1 part of yeast powder.

4. The rice straw organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of rice straw, 6 parts of humic acid, 1 part of cellulase and 2 parts of yeast powder.

5. A preparation method of the rice straw organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) enzymolysis

Taking rice straws, cutting into straw residues with the length of 1-2cm, adding sufficient clear water for soaking, taking out after soaking for 2-3 days, placing in a container, adding cellulase, stirring uniformly, controlling the temperature at 40-60 ℃, and carrying out enzymolysis for 3-4h to obtain the straw residues after enzymolysis;

(2) fermentation of

Scattering yeast powder into the straw residues after enzymolysis, stirring uniformly, covering hay on the upper layer of the straw residues, keeping ventilation, controlling the temperature at 40-50 ℃, and fermenting for 7-10 days to obtain fermented straw residues;

(3) drying and crushing

Placing the fermented straw residues in a dryer for drying, and then placing in a crusher for crushing to 100 meshes to obtain straw powder;

(4) mixing uniformly

6. The application of the organic fertilizer prepared by the method of claim 5 in improving saline-alkali soil and increasing the crop yield of saline-alkali soil.

7. The application of the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein when the organic fertilizer is used, the organic fertilizer is scattered on the saline-alkali soil together with a base fertilizer according to 200-300 kg/mu, and after the scattering is finished, rotary tillage is immediately carried out, and the organic fertilizer is turned and pressed to the depth of 10-15 cm underground.