CN110861599B - 电气设备 - Google Patents

电气设备 Download PDF

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CN110861599B
CN110861599B CN201910746703.1A CN201910746703A CN110861599B CN 110861599 B CN110861599 B CN 110861599B CN 201910746703 A CN201910746703 A CN 201910746703A CN 110861599 B CN110861599 B CN 110861599B
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结城启介
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/023—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • H05K5/02—Details
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Abstract

本发明提供车载用的电气设备，其具备：第一壳体；以及通过螺栓与所述第一壳体紧固的第二壳体。在所述第一壳体的侧面设置有沿该侧面延伸的圆柱状的突起。在该圆柱状的突起上设置有供所述螺栓穿过的螺栓插通孔，所述螺栓插通孔沿着所述侧面延伸。所述螺栓插通孔的中心线位于比圆柱状的所述突起的中心线偏靠所述第一壳体的中心的位置。

Description

电气设备
技术领域
本发明涉及车载用的电气设备。本发明尤其涉及用于提高电气设备的壳体的耐冲击性的技术。
背景技术
在日本特开2014-043124中公开了搭载在机动车的前车舱中的逆变器。逆变器的壳体与罩通过螺栓来固定。
发明内容
不仅是逆变器，车载的电气设备也具备通过螺栓来紧固的第一壳体和第二壳体。需要说明的是，在本公开中，构成框体的一部分的部件虽然是“罩”，但也称作“壳体”。另一方面，期望车载的电气设备的壳体强韧到即便在碰撞的冲击下也不会破坏这样的程度。本公开提供在车载的电气设备中提高第一壳体与第二壳体的紧固部位的强度的技术。
本发明的一方案的车载用的电气设备具备：第一壳体；以及通过螺栓与第一壳体紧固的第二壳体。在第一壳体的侧面上设置有沿着该侧面延伸的圆柱状的突起。在该圆柱状的突起上设置有供螺栓穿过的螺栓插通孔。螺栓插通孔沿着第一壳体的侧面延伸。螺栓插通孔的中心线位于比圆柱状的突起的中心线(圆柱的中心线)靠第一壳体的中心的位置。上述方案的电气设备相较于螺栓插通孔的中心线与突起的中心线一致的电气设备，突起的螺栓插通孔的外侧的突起壁厚变厚，耐冲击性得以提高。
第一壳体的对合面与第二壳体的对合面之间的密封可以使用液状垫片(FIPG：Formed-In-Place Gasket)。即，可以在第一壳体的对合面与第二壳体的对合面之间夹设液状垫片。这种情况下，可以在第一壳体及第二壳体中的一方的对合面上，在液状垫片与螺栓插通孔之间设置槽。在用螺栓固定之前，在将第一壳体与第二壳体夹着液状垫片对合时被向外侧压出的液状垫片会积存在槽中。从而防止螺栓插通孔被向外侧压出的液状垫片堵塞的状况。
附图说明
本发明的实施方式的特征、优点、技术意义及工业意义将会参照如下附图而得以说明，在这些附图中，对同样的构件标注同一附图标记。
图1是表示混合动力车的前车舱内的设备布局的立体图。
图2是前车舱的俯视图。
图3是变速驱动桥和电力控制单元的侧视图。
图4是混合动力车的电力控制单元及其周边设备的框图。
图5是紧固部位的放大立体图。
图6A是紧固部位的俯视图。
图6B是图6A的沿着VIB－VIB线的剖视图。
图6C是紧固部位处的下壳体的俯视图。
图7是前车舱的俯视图(图示出碰撞载荷)。
具体实施方式
参照附图来说明实施例的电气设备。实施例的电气设备是搭载在具备行驶用的发动机和电动机的混合动力车中的电力控制单元。图1是表示混合动力车100的前车舱90中的设备布局的立体图。图2表示前车舱90的俯视图。在图中的坐标系中，F轴的正方向表示车辆前方，V轴的正方向表示车辆上方。H轴的正方向表示车辆的左侧方。在图1中，将搭载于前车舱90的设备示意性地绘制出。尤其是要在后详细说明的电力控制单元10的壳体20在上下方向上被分割为上壳体和下壳体，上壳体与下壳体在外周通过螺栓来紧固，但在图中省略了紧固部位的图示。在图2中绘制出电力控制单元10的壳体20的外周上的多个紧固部位19。在图2中，省略了图1中示出的辅机电池5的图示。
在前车舱90中收容有发动机95、变速驱动桥30、电力控制单元10、辅机电池5及散热器96等。在前车舱90中还收容有各种各样的设备，但在这里省略了它们的图示和说明。
混合动力车100具备行驶用的两个电动机7a、7b及发动机95。两个电动机7a、7b收容在变速驱动桥30的壳体中。在变速驱动桥30中，除了收容有行驶用的两个电动机7a、7b以外，还收容有动力分配机构和差速齿轮。变速驱动桥30与发动机95连结，动力分配机构是对发动机95的输出转矩和电动机7a、7b的输出转矩进行合成、分配的齿轮组。动力分配机构在要求高转矩时将发动机95的输出转矩与电动机7a、7b的输出转矩合成而向差速齿轮传递。另外，动力分配机构还会根据情况将发动机95的输出转矩分割而向差速齿轮和一方的电动机7a传递。这种情况下，混合动力车100借助发动机转矩进行行驶并同时利用电动机7a进行发电。另一方的电动机7b还作为使发动机95起动的电池电动机而发挥功能。
发动机95与变速驱动桥30以在车宽方向上相邻的方式连结。发动机95和变速驱动桥30悬架在用于担保车辆的结构强度的两根侧梁92上。需要说明的是，在图1中，有一方的侧梁是看不到的。
在变速驱动桥30的上表面固定有电力控制单元10。电力控制单元10是对未图示的主电池的直流电进行升压并将升压后的直流电转换为适于电动机驱动的交流电的设备。如图2所示，电力控制单元10配置在变速驱动桥30的上表面的稍靠左的位置。在电力控制单元10的壳体20的后表面连接有两个连接器(DC电源连接器15和空调连接器16)，在电力控制单元10的壳体20的上表面连接有一个连接器(低压连接器18)。在图1、图2中，省略了与低压连接器18连接的电缆的图示。
图3示出电力控制单元10和变速驱动桥30的侧视图。变速驱动桥30的上表面以前低后高的方式倾斜，在其之上固定的电力控制单元10也以前低后高的姿势固定。图3的XYZ坐标系是电力控制单元10用的坐标系，X轴与电力控制单元10的壳体20的底面平行地延伸，Z轴与壳体20的后表面平行地延伸，Y轴沿着车宽方向延伸。
电力控制单元10通过前托架51和后托架52以与变速驱动桥30的上表面之间隔开间隙SP的方式固定。这是为了抑制从变速驱动桥30向电力控制单元10传递的振动。需要说明的是，在前托架51与壳体20之间夹设有未图示的防振衬套。在后托架52与壳体20之间也夹设有未图示的防振衬套。在壳体20的左侧面连接有向变速驱动桥30的内部的电动机7a、7b输送电力的电力电缆57的连接器(电动机连接器17)。
电力控制单元10的壳体20由上下开口的上壳体21、覆盖上壳体21的上侧的开口的上罩23和与上壳体21的下侧的开口连结的下壳体22构成。上罩23通过多个螺栓固定在上壳体21上。上壳体21与下壳体22在上下方向上排列，两者通过多个螺栓24将外周彼此紧固。如图2所示，上壳体21与下壳体22在九个紧固部位19处连结。
参照图4，对电力控制单元10的电路结构进行说明。图4是电力控制单元10的内部及与电力控制单元10连接的周边设备的框图。电力控制单元10在其内部具备转换器电路12、两个逆变器电路13a、13b以及对转换器电路12和逆变器电路13a、13b进行控制的控制基板14。
电力控制单元10经由DC电力电缆55与主电池3连接。附图标记15表示安装在DC电力电缆55的前端的连接器(DC电源连接器15)。主电池3的输出为100伏特以上，利用主电池3的电力来驱动电动机7a、7b。主电池3的输出电力向转换器电路12输入。转换器电路12对主电池3的输出电压进行升压而向逆变器电路13a、13b供给。逆变器电路13a、13b将升压后的直流电转换为适于电动机驱动的交流电。如参照图3所说明的那样，逆变器电路13a、13b的输出经由电动机连接器17和电力电缆57向电动机7a、7b供给。
转换器电路12和逆变器电路13a、13b由安装在控制基板14上的控制电路来控制。控制基板14的控制电路从辅机电池5接收电力供给而工作。控制基板14的控制电路接收来自外部的上位控制器6的指令而工作。辅机电池5和上位控制器6经由通信电缆和低压连接器18而与电力控制单元10的控制基板14连接。
需要说明的是，辅机电池5除了向电力控制单元10中的控制基板14供给电力以外，还向在12伏特下工作的其它设备供给电力。搭载于混合动力车100的设备中，在12伏特下工作的设备统称为辅机。辅机电池5搭载在前车舱90中(参照图1)。
电力控制单元10的框体兼作为主电池3与空调压缩机4之间的电力中继器。从电力控制单元10经由空调电缆56和空调连接器16向空调压缩机4供给主电池3的电力。
返回到电力控制单元10的壳体20的说明。如图1～图3所示，电力控制单元10在前车舱90中固定在变速驱动桥30上。电力控制单元10的壳体20被分成上壳体21和下壳体22，上壳体21与下壳体22在外周的多个紧固部位19处彼此紧固。当车辆发生前面碰撞时，从前方对壳体20施加碰撞载荷。由于在壳体20的内部收容有供100伏特以上的高电压流过的多个部件，因此要求壳体20具有高的耐碰撞(耐冲击)性能。
另一方面，上壳体21与下壳体22的紧固部位19向壳体20的外周(上壳体21与下壳体22的对置面的外周)突出。向壳体20的外周突出的紧固部位19会强烈受到碰撞载荷的影响。图5示出紧固部位19的放大图。上壳体21与下壳体22通过螺栓24紧固。从上壳体21的侧面21a(壳体20的侧面20a)突出形成有翼片(tab)29，从翼片29向上方延伸出圆柱形状的突起25。突起25沿着上壳体21的侧面21a(壳体20的侧面20a)延伸。在突起25的上表面设有螺栓插通孔25a(在后叙述)。另一方面，从下壳体22的侧面22a(壳体20的侧面20a)也突出形成有翼片26，在翼片26上设有螺栓固定孔26a(在后叙述)。在螺栓固定孔26a中形成有阴螺纹，从而能够固定螺栓24。螺栓24穿过上壳体21的突起25的螺栓插通孔25a而固定到下壳体22的螺栓固定孔26a中。螺栓插通孔25a和螺栓固定孔26a沿着壳体20的侧面20a延伸。更具体而言，螺栓插通孔25a和螺栓固定孔26a沿着上壳体21与下壳体22排列的方向(图中的Z方向)延伸。
图6A示出紧固部位19的俯视图。图6B是图6A的沿着VIB－VIB线的剖视图。图6C是紧固部位19处的下壳体22的俯视图。如前所述那样，突起25为圆柱形状，图6A及图6B的虚线CL1表示突起25的中心线。另一方面，虚线CL2表示螺栓插通孔25a的中心线。如图6A及图6B所示，螺栓插通孔25a的中心线(虚线CL2)位于比突起25的中心线(虚线CL1)偏靠上壳体21的中心的位置。正是通过这样设置，相较于虚线CL1与虚线CL2一致的情况，突起25的螺栓插通孔25a的外侧的壁厚(图6A及图6B所示的距离L1)变厚，紧固部位19的耐冲击性得以提高。
在上壳体21与下壳体22的对合面夹设有液状垫片28。对合面意味着上壳体21的开口的外周的侧壁的下表面及下壳体22的开口的外周的侧壁的上表面22b。液状垫片28将上壳体21的对合面与下壳体22的对合面(上表面22b)之间密封。液状垫片28最初为液体，涂敷到对合面上之后，在几分钟～几小时内固化。在将上壳体21与下壳体22夹着液状垫片28进行连结时，液状垫片28受到压力而发生扩展。若是固化前的液状垫片28侵入到螺栓插通孔25a或者螺栓固定孔26a，则螺栓24会难以***。因此，在下壳体22的对合面(上表面22b)上，在液状垫片28与螺栓固定孔26a(螺栓插通孔25a)之间设有槽27(参照图6B及图6C)。在将上壳体21与下壳体22对合时，被压出的液状垫片28积存在槽27中，从而能够防止该液状垫片28向螺栓固定孔26a或者螺栓插通孔25a侵入。即，螺栓插通孔25a或者螺栓固定孔26a不会被向外侧压出的液状垫片堵塞。
如前所述，上壳体21与下壳体22在多个紧固部位19处彼此紧固。可以设计成，在所有的紧固部位19处螺栓插通孔25a的中心线都位于比突起25的中心线偏靠壳体中心的位置。或者也可以设计成，仅在一部分的紧固部位19处螺栓插通孔25a的中心线以偏靠壳体中心的方式偏移。以下，将螺栓插通孔25a的中心线比突起25的中心线偏靠壳体中心的紧固部位称作“螺栓插通孔25a的中心线存在偏移的紧固部位”。
图7再次示出前车舱90的俯视图。箭头W示意性地示出碰撞载荷。另外，单点划线CL示出车辆的左右方向的中心线。针对多个紧固部位19，根据位置的不同而在附图标记后附加了英文字母。左前的紧固部位用附图标记19a表示，前方中央的紧固部位用附图标记19b表示，右前的紧固部位用附图标记19c表示。另外，左侧方的三个紧固部位用附图标记19d表示，右侧方的三个紧固部位用附图标记19e表示。
电力控制单元10配置在前车舱90的左半区域内。在从正面发生碰撞的情况下，左前的紧固部位19a受到最大的载荷。前方中央的紧固部位19b受到次大的载荷，右前的紧固部位19c受到第三大的载荷。对左侧方的紧固部位19d施加第四大的载荷，对右侧方的紧固部位19e施加的载荷最小。因此，可以设计成，在左前、前方中央和右前的紧固部位19a、19b、19c处使螺栓插通孔25a的中心线偏移，在其余的紧固部位19d、19e处使螺栓插通孔25a的中心线与突起25的中心线一致。或者也可以设计成，在左前和前方中央的紧固部位19a、19b处使螺栓插通孔25a的中心线偏移，在其余的紧固部位19c、19d、19e处使螺栓插通孔25a的中心线与突起25的中心线一致。
接下来叙述与实施例所说明的技术相关的注意事项。在实施例的电力控制单元10中，突起25沿着上壳体21与下壳体22排列的方向延伸。螺栓插通孔25a和螺栓固定孔26a也沿着上壳体21与下壳体22排列的方向延伸。在本公开的电气设备中，设有螺栓插通孔25a的突起25只要是沿着壳体20的侧面延伸即可。例如，突起25也可以设置成沿着壳体20的侧面在水平方向上延伸。
实施例的电力控制单元10的突起25为圆柱形状。突起25不局限于截面为正圆的圆柱形状，也可以是截面为椭圆的圆柱形状。另外，本公开的技术也可以适用于电力控制单元以外的车载设备。
实施例的上壳体21是第一壳体的一例，下壳体22是第二壳体的一例。第一壳体也可以是下壳体。例如，可以在下壳体(第一壳体)上设置沿着侧面延伸的突起且将螺栓穿过该突起而将第一壳体与第二壳体紧固。另外，螺栓插通孔的延伸方向也可以不是上壳体与下壳体排列的方向。螺栓插通孔只要是沿着设有突起的侧面延伸即可。本公开的技术也可以适用于具有在左右方向上分开的壳体的电气设备。另外，还可以适用于具有分割为三个以上的分割壳体的壳体的电气设备。
以上，对本发明的实施例详细进行了说明，但这些只不过是例示，本发明不限定于此。对以上所例示的实施例施加各种变形、变更而得到的方案也包含在本发明的范围内。在本公开中说明过的技术要素是单独或者通过各种组合来发挥技术有效性的要素，但这些技术要素不局限于本公开的组合。另外，本公开所例示的技术能够同时实现多个目的，但实现其中一个目的的技术本身也是具有技术有效性的。

Claims (3)

1.一种电气设备，其是车载用的电气设备，所述电气设备的特征在于，具备：
第一壳体；以及
通过螺栓与所述第一壳体紧固的第二壳体，
其中，
在所述第一壳体的侧面设置有沿着该侧面延伸的圆柱状的突起，
在该圆柱状的突起上设置有供所述螺栓穿过的螺栓插通孔，所述螺栓插通孔沿着所述侧面延伸，
所述螺栓插通孔的中心线位于比圆柱状的所述突起的中心线靠所述第一壳体的中心的位置，以使所述突起的所述螺栓插通孔的外侧的壁厚变厚，所述第一壳体和所述第二壳体的连结部位的耐冲击性得以提高。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电气设备，其特征在于，
在所述第一壳体的对合面与所述第二壳体的对合面之间夹设有液状垫片，
在所述第一壳体及所述第二壳体中的一方的所述对合面上，在所述液状垫片与所述螺栓插通孔之间设置有槽。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电气设备，其特征在于，
从所述侧面突出形成有翼片，所述圆柱状的突起从所述翼片向上方延伸。
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