CN110821701B - 内燃机的控制装置及控制方法 - Google Patents

内燃机的控制装置及控制方法 Download PDF

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CN110821701B
CN110821701B CN201910712363.0A CN201910712363A CN110821701B CN 110821701 B CN110821701 B CN 110821701B CN 201910712363 A CN201910712363 A CN 201910712363A CN 110821701 B CN110821701 B CN 110821701B
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fuel
air
ignition
fuel ratio
internal combustion
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CN110821701A (zh
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野濑勇喜
池田悠人
桥之口纮史
铃木建光
生田英二
正源寺良行
安藤广和
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1446Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
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    • F01N3/0253Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
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    • F01N13/009Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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    • F01N3/0814Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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    • F01N3/2013Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
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    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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Abstract

提供一种内燃机的控制装置及方法。内燃机的控制装置具备燃料导入处理部,所述燃料导入处理部构成为,实施使包含由燃料喷射阀喷射出的燃料的混合气不在汽缸中燃烧而向排气通路导入的燃料导入处理。燃料导入处理部构成为,在燃料导入处理的实施中进行如下处理:判定处理,判定有无排气通路中的比三元催化剂装置靠上游处的混合气的燃烧即后着火的发生;和停止处理,在该判定处理中判定为发生了后着火时停止燃料导入处理。

Description

内燃机的控制装置及控制方法
技术领域
本公开涉及在排气通路设置有三元催化剂装置的火花点火式的内燃机的控制装置及控制方法。
背景技术
火花点火式的内燃机通过利用火花塞的火花对导入到汽缸内的空气与燃料的混合气进行点火来进行燃烧。此时,混合气中的一部分燃料的燃烧变得不完全,有时会生成碳质的颗粒物(以下,记为PM)。
美国专利申请公开第2014/0041362号公开了一种车载用的火花点火式内燃机,该内燃机具备设置于排气通路的三元催化剂装置和设置于该排气通路中的比三元催化剂装置靠下游处的PM捕集用的捕集器。在这样的内燃机中,通过将在汽缸内生成的PM向捕集器捕集,能够抑制该PM向外气的放出。由于捕集到的PM会逐渐在捕集器堆积,所以若放任该堆积不管,则最终可能会因堆积的PM而捕集器堵塞。
对此,上述内燃机在车辆的惯性行驶中通过实施用于将三元催化剂装置升温的燃料导入处理,从而使堆积于捕集器的PM燃烧而净化。在燃料导入处理中,通过在停止了火花塞的火花的状态下实施燃料喷射,从而使混合气不在汽缸内燃烧而向排气通路导入。此时的导入到排气通路的未燃的混合气向三元催化剂装置流入而在该三元催化剂装置内燃烧。当通过因该燃烧产生的热而三元催化剂装置的温度被提高后,从该三元催化剂装置流出而向捕集器流入的气体的温度也变高。然后,当接受高温的气体的热而捕集器的温度上升为PM的着火点以上时,堆积于该捕集器的PM燃烧而被净化。
在内燃机的燃烧运转中,由设置于排气通路的空燃比传感器检测在汽缸内燃烧的混合气的空燃比,并且根据该空燃比的检测结果进行修正燃料喷射量的空燃比反馈控制。并且,通过空燃比反馈控制来补偿燃料喷射阀的燃料喷射量所产生的偏差。与此相对,在停止汽缸内的燃烧的燃料导入处理中,不能进行空燃比反馈控制,因此实际上燃料喷射阀所喷射的燃料的量(实际喷射量)有可能偏离控制装置所指示的量(指示喷射量)。并且,其结果,若实际喷射量比指示喷射量多,向排气通路导入的未燃的混合气的燃料浓度变浓,则有时会发生在向三元催化剂装置流入之前混合气在排气通路内燃烧的所谓的后着火。若持续发生这样的后着火,则催化剂表面会暴露于高温下而三元催化剂装置会劣化。而且,伴随持续的后着火的发生会产生令人不快的燃烧音。
发明内容
第1方案提供一种构成为控制内燃机的控制装置。内燃机具备:燃料喷射阀;汽缸,被导入包含由燃料喷射阀喷射出的燃料的混合气;点火装置,利用火花对导入到汽缸的混合气进行点火;排气通路,供从汽缸内排出的气体流动;及三元催化剂装置,设置于排气通路。该内燃机的控制装置具备燃料导入处理部,所述燃料导入处理部实施使包含燃料喷射阀喷射出的燃料的混合气不在汽缸中燃烧而向排气通路导入的燃料导入处理。燃料导入处理部构成为,在燃料导入处理的实施中进行如下处理:判定处理,判定有无排气通路中的比三元催化剂装置靠上游处的混合气的燃烧即后着火的发生;和停止处理,在该判定处理中判定为发生了后着火时停止燃料导入处理。
在上述内燃机的控制装置中,若在燃料导入处理的实施中发生后着火,则在该时间点下停止燃料导入处理,停止未燃的混合气向排气通路的导入。因而,即使在燃料导入处理中发生后着火,该后着火也难以持续。
在燃料导入处理的实施中,含有大量氧的未燃的混合气向排气通路中的比三元催化剂装置靠上游处流动。若此时发生后着火,则混合气中的氧因燃烧而被消耗。因而,在排气通路中的比三元催化剂装置靠上游处设置有空燃比传感器的情况下,若在燃料导入处理的实施中发生后着火,则空燃比传感器的空燃比检测值向浓侧发生变化。因此,上述判定处理能够通过在设置于排气通路中的比三元催化剂装置靠上游处的空燃比传感器的空燃比检测值为比规定的判定值浓的值的情况下判定为发生了后着火来实施。
另外,若发生后着火,则该发生部位的气体的温度上升。因而,上述判定处理也能够通过在设置于排气通路中的比三元催化剂装置靠上游处的排气温度传感器的温度检测值为规定的判定值以上的情况下判定为发生了后着火来实施。
在燃料导入处理中的三元催化剂装置内的缓慢的燃烧中几乎不生成作为混合气的燃烧时的生成物的NOx,但在后着火的激烈的燃烧中会生成大量的NOx。因而,上述判定处理也能够通过在设置于排气通路中的比三元催化剂装置靠下游处的NOx传感器的NOx浓度检测值为规定的判定值以上的情况下判定为发生了后着火来实施。
在燃料喷射阀的实际喷射量向变得比指示喷射量多的一侧偏离的情况下,在燃料导入处理中导入到排气通路的混合气的燃料浓度变高,因此容易发生后着火。这样的燃料喷射量的偏离即使在燃料导入处理停止后也不会消除,在实施下次以后的燃料导入处理时有时会再次发生后着火。这样的后着火的再次发生能够通过以下方法来防止:上述燃料导入处理部在根据发生了后着火的判定而停止了燃料导入处理的情况下,禁止以后的燃料导入处理的实施直到点火停止为止。另外,上述燃料导入处理部通过减少在基于判定处理判定为发生了后着火的判定以后实施燃料导入处理时的燃料喷射阀的燃料喷射量,能够抑制上述后着火的再次发生。
在燃料喷射阀的实际喷射量向变得比指示喷射量多的一侧偏离的情况下容易发生燃料导入处理中的后着火。另一方面,在内燃机中,有时在燃烧运转中进行燃料喷射量的空燃比反馈控制,并且根据基于该空燃比反馈控制的燃料喷射量的修正量进行空燃比学习值的学习。在这样的情况下,若对空燃比学习值没有学习到合适的值,则燃料喷射阀的实际喷射量与指示喷射量会发生偏离。因此,在燃料导入处理中发生了后着火的情况下,有可能对空燃比学习值学习到不合适的值。因而,在上述内燃机的控制装置具备空燃比控制部的情况下,优选,该空燃比控制部根据通过判定处理判定为发生了后着火这一情况实施空燃比学习值的再学习,所述空燃比控制部在内燃机的燃烧运转中进行基于设置于排气通路中的比三元催化剂装置靠上游处的空燃比传感器的空燃比检测值的燃料喷射量的空燃比反馈控制,并且根据基于该空燃比反馈控制的燃料喷射量的修正值进行空燃比学习值的学习。
而且,优选,上述内燃机的控制装置中的燃料导入处理部构成为,将根据判定处理的判定结果而停止了燃料导入处理的次数记录为诊断信息。这样的情况下的燃料导入处理部所记录的燃料导入处理的停止的次数的信息能够用于保养时的故障部位的确定等用途。
第2方案提供一种控制内燃机的方法。所述内燃机具备:燃料喷射阀;汽缸,被导入包含由该燃料喷射阀喷射出的燃料的混合气;点火装置,利用火花对导入到该汽缸的混合气进行点火;排气通路,供从所述汽缸内排出的气体流动;及三元催化剂装置,设置于所述排气通路。所述方法包括如下步骤:实施使包含由所述燃料喷射阀喷射出的燃料的混合气不在所述汽缸中燃烧而向所述排气通路导入的燃料导入处理;所述燃料导入处理部在所述燃料导入处理的实施中,判定有无所述排气通路中的比所述三元催化剂装置靠上游处的所述混合气的燃烧即后着火的发生;及在该判定处理中判定为发生了所述后着火时停止所述燃料导入处理。
附图说明
图1是示出内燃机的控制装置的实施方式的构成的示意图。
图2是示出内燃机的控制装置的第1实施方式中的从燃料导入处理的开始到结束为止的燃料导入处理部的处理步骤的流程图。
图3是示出该燃料导入处理的实施方案的一例的时间图。
图4是示出内燃机的控制装置的第2实施方式中的从燃料导入处理的开始到结束为止的燃料导入处理部的处理步骤的流程图。
图5是示出能够用于判定处理的空燃比传感器以外的传感器的配置的示意图。
图6是示出基于排气温度传感器的温度检测值来判定有无后着火的发生的情况下的催化剂升温控制的实施方案的一例的时间图。
图7是示出基于NOx传感器的NOx浓度检测值来判定有无后着火的发生的情况下的催化剂升温控制的实施方案的一例的时间图。
具体实施方式
(第1实施方式)
以下,参照图1~图3来详细说明内燃机的控制装置的第1实施方式。
如图1所示,搭载于车辆的内燃机10具备将活塞11以能够往复运动的方式收容的汽缸12。活塞11经由连杆13而连结于曲轴14。并且,汽缸12内的活塞11的往复运动被变换为曲轴14的旋转运动。
在汽缸12上连接有作为向该汽缸12的空气的导入路的进气通路15。在进气通路15设置有检测在该进气通路15中流动的空气的流量(吸入空气量GA)的空气流量计16。在进气通路15中的比空气流量计16靠下游处设置有节气门17。另外,在进气通路15中的比节气门17靠下游处设置有燃料喷射阀18。通过燃料喷射阀18向在进气通路15中流动的空气中喷射燃料而形成空气与燃料的混合气。
在汽缸12设置有相对于该汽缸12开闭进气通路15的进气门19。另外,根据进气门19的打开而从进气通路15向汽缸12导入混合气。在汽缸12设置有利用火花对汽缸12内的混合气进行点火而使其燃烧的点火装置20。
在汽缸12上连接有作为通过混合气的燃烧而产生的排气的排出路的排气通路21。另外,在汽缸12设置有相对于该汽缸12开闭排气通路21的排气门22。根据排气门22的打开而从汽缸12内向排气通路21导入排气。在排气通路21设置有在将排气中的CO、HC氧化的同时将NOx还原的三元催化剂装置23。另外,在排气通路21中的比三元催化剂装置23靠下游处设置有PM捕集用的捕集器24。而且,在排气通路21中的比三元催化剂装置23靠上游处设置有检测在排气通路21中流动的气体的氧浓度即混合气的空燃比(空燃比检测值ABYF)的空燃比传感器25。另外,在排气通路21中的三元催化剂装置23与捕集器24之间的部分设置有检测从三元催化剂装置23流出的气体的温度即催化剂出气体温度THC的催化剂出气体温度传感器26。
内燃机10的控制装置27构成为具有执行用于控制的运算处理的运算处理电路、和存储有控制用的程序、数据的存储器的微计算机。对控制装置27输入上述的空气流量计16、空燃比传感器25、催化剂出气体温度传感器26的检测信号。另外,对控制装置27输入检测曲轴14的旋转角即曲轴角θc的曲轴角传感器28的检测信号。而且,对控制装置27也输入检测车辆的行驶速度即车速V的车速传感器29、及检测加速器踏板30的操作量即加速器开度ACC的加速器位置传感器31的检测信号。并且,控制装置27基于这些传感器的检测结果,通过控制节气门17的开度、燃料喷射阀18的燃料喷射的量和正时、点火装置20的火花的实施正时(点火正时)等,从而根据车辆的行驶状况来控制内燃机10的运转状态。此外,控制装置27根据基于曲轴角传感器28的曲轴角θc的检测结果对内燃机10的转速(内燃机转速NE)进行运算。
此外,控制装置27经由点火开关32连接于车载电源33。从车载电源33向控制装置27的供电与点火开关32的接通(ON)操作(点火开启)相应地开始,与该点火开关32的断开操作(点火停止)相应地停止。
控制装置27具备空燃比控制部27A,所述空燃比控制部27A在内燃机10的燃烧运转中进行基于空燃比传感器25的空燃比检测值ABYF的燃料喷射量的空燃比反馈控制。空燃比控制部27A基于空燃比检测值ABYF相对于目标空燃比的偏差,将作为燃料喷射阀18的燃料喷射量的修正值之一的空燃比反馈修正值FAF的值向上述偏差接近0的一侧进行操作,从而控制在汽缸12中燃烧的混合气的空燃比。另外,空燃比控制部27A根据空燃比反馈修正值FAF的值进行作为燃料喷射量的修正值的空燃比学习值KG的学习。空燃比控制部27A通过向空燃比反馈修正值FAF的值接近0的一侧逐渐更新空燃比学习值KG的值来进行空燃比学习值KG的学习。并且,当成为空燃比反馈修正值FAF的值稳定地保持为0附近的值的状态时,空燃比控制部27A完成空燃比学习值KG的学习,停止该空燃比学习值KG的值的更新。此外,在学习完成后空燃比反馈修正值FAF的值成为稳定地偏离0的值的情况下等,空燃比控制部27A实施空燃比学习值KG的再学习。顺便一提,是否完成空燃比学习值KG的学习通过空燃比学习标志的状态来表示。即,空燃比控制部27A在空燃比学习标志处于清除状态时实施上述那样的空燃比学习值KG的学习(值的更新处理)。并且,当空燃比学习值KG的学习完成时,空燃比控制部27A设立空燃比学习标志。
而且,控制装置27具备燃料导入处理部27B,所述燃料导入处理部27B实施使包含燃料喷射阀18喷射出的燃料的混合气不在汽缸12中燃烧而向排气通路21导入的燃料导入处理。在本实施方式中,在满足下述的条件(1)~(3)的全部的情况下,燃料导入处理部27B开始燃料导入处理。
(1)能够停止内燃机10的燃烧运转。燃料导入处理需要在停止汽缸12中的燃烧且维持曲轴14的旋转的状态下进行。控制装置27在车辆的惯性行驶中实施了停止内燃机10的燃料喷射阀18的燃料喷射及点火装置20的火花的,所谓的减速时燃料切断。并且,在此,根据减速时燃料切断的实施条件成立这一情况,判定为能够停止内燃机10的燃烧运转。此外,在本实施方式中,将加速器开度ACC为0且车速V为一定的值以上的情况设为车辆的惯性行驶。另外,在减速时燃料切断开始后加速器踏板30被踩踏而要求了车辆的再加速或车速V下降为规定的恢复速度以下的情况下,控制装置27结束减速时燃料切断,再次开始内燃机10的燃烧运转。
(2)正在要求三元催化剂装置23的升温。在本实施方式中,为了通过三元催化剂装置23的升温而使堆积于捕集器24的PM燃烧而被净化,实施燃料导入处理。控制装置27根据内燃机10的运转状态来推定堆积于捕集器24的PM的量,在该推定量超过了一定的值时要求三元催化剂装置23的升温。
(3)从排气通路21内扫出了已燃气体。在内燃机10的燃烧刚停止后,在排气通路21内残留有已燃气体。在本实施方式中,在成为排气通路21内的气体从已燃气体置换为空气的状态后,开始燃料导入处理。此外,在本实施方式中,根据减速时燃料切断持续了一定的时间以上,判定为进行了上述已燃气体的扫出。
图2示出从这样的燃料导入处理的开始到结束为止的燃料导入处理部27B的处理步骤。当开始燃料导入处理后,首先在步骤S100中进行后述的禁止标志是否处于设立状态的判定。并且,在禁止标志处于设立状态的情况下(S100:是),就这样结束此次的燃料导入处理。
另一方面,在禁止标志不处于设立状态的情况下(S100:否),处理进入步骤S110,在该步骤S110中开始燃料喷射阀18的燃料喷射。如上所述,在本实施方式中,在减速时燃料切断开始后扫出了排气通路21内的已燃气体时开始燃料导入处理,此时的点火装置20停止火花。因而,在此即使开始燃料喷射阀18的燃料喷射,也不进行汽缸12中的燃烧,包含燃料喷射阀18喷射出的燃料的混合气不在汽缸12中燃烧而向排气通路21导入。此时的导入到排气通路21的未燃的混合气向三元催化剂装置23流入,在该三元催化剂装置23的内部燃烧。并且,通过基于该燃烧的发热而三元催化剂装置23的温度上升。当三元催化剂装置23的温度提高时,从该三元催化剂装置23流出并向捕集器24流入的气体的温度也变高。并且,当接受流入的高温的气体的热而捕集器24的温度提高到PM的着火点以上时,堆积于该捕集器24的PM燃烧而被净化。
燃料导入处理部27B通过下述的方案来控制此时的燃料喷射阀18的燃料喷射量。即,在控制燃料导入处理中的燃料喷射量时,燃料导入处理部27B首先基于吸入空气量GA来决定向三元催化剂装置23投入的每单位时间的燃料的量即催化剂燃料投入量。燃料导入处理中的三元催化剂装置23接受因内部的燃料的燃烧而产生的热,另一方面,由通过的气体夺走热。催化剂燃料投入量越多则此时的受热量越大,通过三元催化剂装置23的气体的流量越多则被夺走的热量越大。在汽缸12中不进行燃烧的燃料导入处理中,通过三元催化剂装置23的气体的流量与吸入空气量GA大致相等。因而,在本实施方式中,为了使三元催化剂装置23的温度适度地上升,以使得在吸入空气量GA多时成为比该吸入空气量GA少时多的量的方式决定催化剂燃料投入量。接着,燃料导入处理部27B基于催化剂燃料投入量和内燃机转速NE算出目标喷射量,所述目标喷射量是与催化剂燃料投入量相应的量的燃料投入所需的每一次喷射中的燃料喷射阀18的燃料喷射量的目标值。并且,燃料导入处理部27B将通过空燃比学习值KG对该目标喷射量进行修正后得到的值设定为向燃料喷射阀18指令的燃料喷射量(指示喷射量)。
在步骤S110中的燃料喷射开始后,燃料导入处理部27B反复执行步骤S120中的发生后着火的判定处理。此处的后着火是指导入到排气通路21的未燃的混合气在流入三元催化剂装置23之前燃烧的现象,在导入到排气通路21的未燃的混合气的燃料浓度高的情况下容易发生。在本实施方式中,基于空燃比传感器25的空燃比检测值ABYF进行此处的发生后着火的判定。具体而言,将空燃比检测值ABYF为比规定的浓判定值α浓的值的情况设为发生了后着火的情况,从而判定有无该后着火的发生。
在燃料喷射开始后,在步骤S120中的判定处理的反复过程中,在一次都没有作出发生了后着火的判定的状态下因加速器踏板30的踩踏、车速V的下降而要求了再次开始内燃机10的燃烧的情况下(S130:是),在该时间点结束燃料导入处理。并且,在结束燃料导入处理的同时再次开始内燃机10的燃烧运转。
另一方面,在要求再次开始燃烧之前判定为发生了后着火的情况下(S120:是),处理进入步骤S140。当处理进入步骤S140时,在该步骤S140中,设立禁止标志,并且清除空燃比学习完成标志。而且,在该步骤S140中,使表示后着火的发生次数的计数器即AF计数器的值递增。并且,在接下来的步骤S150中停止了燃料喷射后,结束此次的燃料导入处理。即,在燃料导入处理的实施中判定为发生了后着火的情况下,在该时间点停止燃料导入处理。在该情况下,在燃料导入处理停止后,继续内燃机10的燃烧停止直到要求再次开始燃烧为止。
此外,禁止标志的状态在点火停止时被清除。与此相对,空燃比学习完成标志的状态及AF计数器的值在点火停止后的控制装置27的供电停止中也保持。此外,AF计数器的值表示车辆出厂后或修理、检修中的控制装置27的初始化后的、与后着火的发生相应的燃料导入处理的停止的次数,该停止的次数的信息被用于保养时的故障部位的确定等用途。
说明本实施方式的作用及效果。
在图3中示出燃料导入处理的实施方案。在图3中,在时刻t1开始内燃机10的燃烧停止,在之后的时刻t2开始燃料导入处理。而且,在之后的时刻t4再次开始内燃机10的燃烧。另外,在燃料导入处理开始后的时刻t3发生了后着火。
如图3中的双点划线所示,在继续燃料导入处理直到再次开始燃烧的情况下,即使在发生后着火后也继续向排气通路21内导入燃料,因此后着火也可能会持续到燃料导入处理结束为止。与三元催化剂装置23内的缓慢的燃烧反应相比,后着火成为激烈的燃烧,因此若后着火持续,则催化剂表面会暴露于高温下而三元催化剂装置23可能会劣化。另外,若后着火持续,则可能会产生令人不快的燃烧音而导致驾驶舒适性的恶化。
在不进行汽缸12中的燃烧的燃料导入处理的实施中,从汽缸12向排气通路21排出的气体的氧浓度变高。从燃料导入处理的开始到后着火的发生为止的期间(t2~t3),这样的氧浓度高的气体原样地到达空燃比传感器25的检测部。因而,此时的空燃比检测值ABYF成为表示与内燃机10的燃烧运转中相比大幅度地变稀的空燃比的值。此外,在图3的情况下,该期间的空燃比检测值ABYF成为紧贴于表示成为空燃比传感器25的空燃比检测范围的稀侧的界限的空燃比的值即稀界限值LL的状态。
当在时刻t3发生了后着火时,混合气中的氧因燃烧而被消耗,在空燃比传感器25的检测部的周围流动的气体的氧浓度下降。因而,空燃比检测值ABYF从稀界限值LL变化为浓的值。像这样,在不发生后着火时和发生后着火时,空燃比检测值ABYF大幅度地发生变化。在本实施方式中,将比在不发生后着火时空燃比检测值ABYF可以取得的值的范围的浓侧的界限值靠浓侧、且比在发生该后着火时空燃比检测值ABYF可以取得的值的范围的稀侧的界限值稀的值设定为浓判定值α的值。并且,当空燃比检测值ABYF成为比浓判定值α浓的值时,通过判定处理判定为发生了后着火,停止燃料导入处理。其结果,停止向排气通路21的燃料的导入,因此后着火不会持续。
此外,在本实施方式中,在燃料导入处理的实施中,当在判定处理中判定为发生了后着火时设立禁止标志,并保持设立的状态直到点火停止时为止。另一方面,在燃料导入处理开始时禁止标志处于设立状态的情况下,不进行任何实质的处理便结束该燃料导入处理。即,燃料导入处理部27B在根据发生了后着火的判定而停止了燃料导入处理的情况下,禁止以后的燃料导入处理的实施直到点火停止为止。
即使与后着火的发生相应地停止燃料导入处理,有时后着火的原因也不会消除。在这样的情况下,在实施下次以后的燃料导入处理时容易再次发生后着火。关于这一点,在本实施方式中,当在燃料导入处理中发生后着火时,禁止以后的燃料导入处理的实施直到点火停止为止,因此能够防止后着火的再次发生。
此外,在导入到排气通路21的混合气的燃料浓度高的情况下容易发生后着火。另一方面,燃料导入处理部27B以使得向排气通路21导入的混合气的燃料浓度不会成为发生后着火的程度的高浓度的方式设定催化剂燃料投入量。因而,在发生了后着火的情况下,燃料喷射阀18的燃料喷射量有可能向实际喷射量比指示喷射量多的一侧发生了偏离。另一方面,在本实施方式中,通过在内燃机10的燃烧运转中学习到的空燃比学习值KG来修正燃料导入处理中的燃料喷射阀18的燃料喷射量。因而,在燃料导入处理的实施中,在发生了后着火的情况下,认为很可能学习了不合适的值作为空燃比学习值KG的值。关于这一点,在本实施方式中,燃料导入处理部27B在通过判定处理判定为发生了后着火时清除空燃比学习完成标志。并且,空燃比控制部27A在空燃比学习完成标志处于清除状态时实施空燃比学习值KG的学习。即,根据通过判定处理判定为发生了后着火这一情况,空燃比控制部27A实施空燃比学习值KG的再学习。因而,在燃料导入处理的实施中发生了后着火而很可能学习了不合适的值作为空燃比学习值KG的值的情况下,实施空燃比学习值KG的再学习。
(第2实施方式)
接着,一并参照图4来详细说明内燃机的控制装置的第2实施方式。
在第1实施方式中,燃料导入处理部27B在与后着火的发生相应地停止了燃料导入处理的情况下,禁止以后的燃料导入处理的实施直到点火停止为止。在本实施方式中,即使在与后着火的发生相应的燃料导入处理的停止以后,也实施燃料导入处理。然而,如上所述,在发生了后着火的情况下,在实施以后的燃料导入处理时容易再次发生后着火。于是,在本实施方式中,在与后着火的发生相应地停止了燃料导入处理的情况下,通过在实施以后的燃料导入处理时减少燃料喷射阀18的燃料喷射量,从而抑制后着火的再次发生。
在图4中示出从本实施方式中的燃料导入处理的开始到结束为止的燃料导入处理部27B的处理步骤。在本实施方式中,燃料导入处理部27B也是在上述条件(1)~(3)全部成立时开始燃料导入处理。
当开始燃料导入处理后,首先在步骤S200中进行减量标志是否处于设立状态的判定。如后述这样,减量标志在燃料导入处理的实施中判定为发生了后着火时被设立。此外,减量标志的状态在点火停止时被清除。
在减量标志不处于设立状态的情况下(S200:否),在步骤S210中将0设定为减量修正量的值,之后处理进入步骤S230。与此相对,在减量标志处于设立状态的情况下(S200:是),在步骤S220中将规定的正值β设定为减量修正量的值,之后处理进入步骤S230。
当处理进入步骤S230时,在该步骤S230中开始燃料喷射。在本实施方式中,在此时的燃料喷射时,燃料导入处理部27B对根据催化剂燃料投入量及内燃机转速NE算出的目标喷射量实施基于空燃比学习值KG的修正,并且还将从实施了该修正后得到的值减去减量修正量而得到的差设定为指示喷射量的值。如上所述,在减量标志不处于设立状态的情况下将0设定为减量修正量的值,在处于设立状态的情况下将正值β设定为减量修正量的值。因而,在减量标志处于设立状态的情况下,与不处于设立状态的情况相比,减少燃料导入处理中的燃料喷射阀18的燃料喷射量。
在燃料喷射开始后,燃料导入处理部27B反复执行步骤S240中的发生后着火的判定处理。在本实施方式中,也与第1实施方式的情况同样地,基于空燃比传感器25的空燃比检测值ABYF进行发生后着火的判定处理。
在燃料喷射开始后,在步骤S240中的判定处理的反复过程中,在一次都没有作出发生了后着火的判定的状态下要求了再次开始内燃机10的燃烧的情况下(S250:是),在该时间点结束燃料导入处理。并且,在结束燃料导入处理的同时再次开始内燃机10的燃烧运转。
另一方面,在判定为在要求再次开始燃烧之前发生了后着火的情况下(S240:是),处理进入步骤S260。当处理进入步骤S260时,在该步骤S260中,设立减量标志,并且清除空燃比学习完成标志。而且,在该步骤S260中,使AF计数器的值递增。并且,在接下来的步骤S270中停止了燃料喷射后,结束此次的燃料导入处理。即,在燃料导入处理的实施中判定为发生了后着火的情况下,在该时间点停止燃料导入处理。
在此时的燃料导入处理的停止以后再次实施燃料导入处理的情况下,因为设立了减量标志,因此在减少了燃料喷射阀18的燃料喷射量的状态下进行燃料导入处理。如上所述,在燃料喷射阀18的燃料喷射量向实际喷射量比指示喷射量多的一侧偏离了的情况下容易发生后着火。因此,通过减少燃料喷射阀18的燃料喷射量,能够抑制后着火的再次发生。
(关于后着火的发生的判定处理)
在上述实施方式中,基于空燃比传感器25的空燃比检测值ABYF进行了有无后着火的发生的判定处理。这样的判定处理也可以以其以外的方法来进行。
在图5中示出能够用于判定处理的空燃比传感器25以外的传感器的配置。判定处理也可以基于设置于排气通路21中的比三元催化剂装置23靠上游处的排气温度传感器34的温度检测值或设置于排气通路21中的比三元催化剂装置23靠下游处的NOx传感器35的NOx浓度检测值来进行。
在图6中示出基于排气温度传感器34的温度检测值进行判定处理的情况下的燃料导入处理的实施方案。在图6中,在时刻t11开始内燃机10的燃烧停止,在之后的时刻t12开始燃料导入处理。而且,在之后的时刻t14再次开始内燃机10的燃烧。另外,在燃料导入处理开始后的时刻t13发生了后着火。
当停止内燃机10的燃烧时,在排气通路21中流动的气体的温度下降。因而,在从燃料导入处理的开始到后着火的发生为止的期间(t12~t13)中的排气温度传感器34的温度检测值成为表示比内燃机10的燃烧运转中的温度低的温度的值。另一方面,当发生后着火时,该发生部位的气体的温度上升。因而,在排气温度传感器34的温度检测值为规定的判定值以上的情况下能够判定为发生了后着火。即,在发生后着火时上述温度检测值的值可以取得的范围与不发生后着火时的该检测值的值可以取得的范围之间存在偏差。于是,若将比不发生后着火时的上述温度检测值可以取得的值的范围的最高值高、且比在发生后着火时该温度检测值可以取得的值的范围的最低值低的温度设定为上述判定值的值,则能够进行基于温度检测值的发生后着火的判定。在像这样使用排气温度传感器34的温度检测值来进行判定处理的情况下,也与时刻t13的后着火的发生相应地停止燃料导入处理,从而能够抑制后着火的持续。
在图7中示出基于NOx传感器35的NOx浓度检测值进行判定处理的情况下的燃料导入处理的实施方案。在图7中也是,在时刻t21开始内燃机10的燃烧停止,在之后的时刻t22开始燃料导入处理。而且,在之后的时刻t24再次开始内燃机10的燃烧。另外,在燃料导入处理开始后的时刻t23发生了后着火。
在燃料导入处理中的三元催化剂装置23内的缓慢的燃烧中几乎不生成作为混合气的燃烧时的生成物的NOx,但在后着火的激烈的燃烧中会生成大量的NOx。后着火中的燃烧以比化学计量空燃比稀的空燃比进行,向此时的三元催化剂装置23流入的气体中几乎不包含NOx的还原成分。因而,通过后着火生成的NOx的大部分在三元催化剂装置23内没有被还原而原样地通过该三元催化剂装置23,在发生后着火的同时NOx传感器35的NOx浓度检测值上升。因此,在NOx传感器35的NOx浓度检测值为规定的判定值以上的情况下能够判定为发生了后着火。即,在发生后着火时上述NOx浓度检测值的值可以取得的范围与在不发生后着火时上述NOx浓度检测值的值可以取得的范围之间存在偏差。于是,通过将比不发生后着火时的NOx浓度检测值可以取得的值的范围的最高值高、且比发生后着火时的NOx浓度检测值可以取得的值的范围的最低值低的浓度设定为上述判定值的值,能够进行基于NOx浓度检测值的发生后着火的判定。在像这样使用NOx传感器35的NOx浓度检测值来进行判定处理的情况下,也与时刻t23的后着火的发生相应地停止燃料导入处理,能够抑制后着火的持续。
上述各实施方式能够如以下这样变更而实施。上述实施方式及以下的变更例能够在技术上不矛盾的范围内互相组合而实施。
·在上述实施方式中,认为在燃料导入处理的实施中发生了后着火的情况下有可能学习了不合适的值作为空燃比学习值KG的值,即有可能存在空燃比学习值KG的误学习,之后实施空燃比学习值KG的再学习。像不进行空燃比学习值KG的学习的情况、即使进行该学习也没有在燃料导入处理中的燃料喷射量上反映空燃比学习值KG的情况等那样,有时空燃比学习值KG的误学习不会成为燃料导入处理的实施中的后着火的发生的要因。另外,根据内燃机的构成,有时因除了空燃比学习值KG的误学习以外的要因而很可能发生燃料导入处理的实施中的后着火。在这样的情况下,也可以不实施与后着火的发生相应地停止了燃料导入处理的情况下的空燃比学习值KG的再学习。
·在上述实施方式中,燃料导入处理部27B通过AF计数器将根据判定处理的判定结果而停止了燃料导入处理的次数记录为诊断信息,但也可以省略这样的停止的次数的记录。
·在上述实施方式中,通过在停止了点火装置20的火花的状态下进行燃料喷射,从而向排气通路21导入了未燃的混合气。此外,能够利用点火装置20的火花来进行汽缸12内的混合气的点火的正时不限于压缩上止点附近的期间。即,存在即使执行火花汽缸12内的混合气也不燃烧的期间。因此,在这样的期间即使执行点火装置20的火花并且进行燃料喷射,也能够实施将未燃的混合气向排气通路21导入的燃料导入处理。
·在上述实施方式中,虽然以堆积于捕集器24的PM的燃烧净化为目的而实施了燃料导入处理,但也可以为了其以外的目的下的三元催化剂装置23的升温而进行该燃料导入处理。例如,在催化剂温度下降而三元催化剂装置23的排气净化能力下降时,考虑为了恢复该排气净化能力而进行催化剂升温控制。
·在上述实施方式中,在车辆的惯性行驶中进行燃料导入处理,但只要是能够在停止了内燃机10的燃烧的状态下维持曲轴14的旋转的状况即可,也可以在车辆的惯性行驶中以外的状况下实施燃料导入处理。在除了内燃机之外还搭载有马达作为驱动源的混合动力车辆中,存在能够在停止了内燃机的燃烧运转的状态下利用马达的动力来使曲轴旋转的混合动力车辆。在这样的混合动力车辆中,也可以一边利用马达的动力使曲轴旋转一边实施燃料导入处理。
·在上述实施方式中,通过基于燃料喷射阀18的向进气通路15内的燃料喷射实施了燃料导入处理,但在具备向汽缸12内喷射燃料的缸内喷射式的燃料喷射阀的内燃机中,也可以通过向汽缸12内的燃料喷射来进行燃料导入处理。
·作为控制装置27,不限于具备CPU和存储器且执行软件处理的构成。例如,也可以具备对在上述各实施方式中进行软件处理的处理中的至少一部分进行硬件处理的专用的硬件电路(例如ASIC等)。即,控制装置是以下的(a)~(c)中的任一构成即可。(a)具备按照程序来执行上述处理的全部的处理装置和存储程序的ROM等程序存储装置。(b)具备按照程序来执行上述处理中的一部分的处理装置及程序存储装置和执行剩余的处理的专用的硬件电路。(c)具备执行上述处理的全部的专用的硬件电路。在此,具备处理装置及程序存储装置的软件处理电路、专用的硬件电路也可以是多个。即,上述处理由具备1个或多个软件处理电路及1个或多个专用的硬件电路中的至少一方的处理电路执行即可。

Claims (13)

1.一种内燃机的控制装置,
所述控制装置构成为控制内燃机,
所述内燃机具备:
燃料喷射阀;
汽缸,被导入包含由该燃料喷射阀喷射出的燃料的混合气;
点火装置,利用火花对导入到该汽缸的混合气进行点火;
排气通路,供从所述汽缸内排出的气体流动;及
三元催化剂装置,设置于所述排气通路,
所述控制装置具备燃料导入处理部,所述燃料导入处理部构成为,实施使包含由所述燃料喷射阀喷射出的燃料的混合气不在所述汽缸中燃烧而向所述排气通路导入的燃料导入处理,
所述燃料导入处理部构成为,在所述燃料导入处理的实施中进行如下处理:
判定处理,判定有无所述排气通路中的比所述三元催化剂装置靠上游处的所述混合气的燃烧即后着火的发生;和
停止处理,在该判定处理中判定为发生了所述后着火时停止所述燃料导入处理,
所述内燃机具备设置于所述排气通路中的比所述三元催化剂装置靠下游处的NOx传感器,
所述判定处理通过在所述NOx传感器的NOx浓度检测值为规定的判定值以上的情况下判定为发生了所述后着火来进行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机的控制装置,
所述内燃机具备设置于所述排气通路中的比所述三元催化剂装置靠上游处的空燃比传感器,
所述判定处理通过在所述空燃比传感器的空燃比检测值为比规定的判定值浓的值的情况下判定为发生了所述后着火来进行。
3.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机的控制装置,
所述内燃机具备设置于所述排气通路中的比所述三元催化剂装置靠上游处的排气温度传感器,
所述判定处理通过在所述排气温度传感器的温度检测值为规定的判定值以上的情况下判定为发生了所述后着火来进行。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的内燃机的控制装置,
所述燃料导入处理部构成为,在根据发生了所述后着火的判定而停止了所述燃料导入处理的情况下,禁止以后的所述燃料导入处理的实施直到点火停止为止。
5.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的内燃机的控制装置,
所述燃料导入处理部构成为,减少在基于所述判定处理判定为发生了所述后着火的判定以后实施所述燃料导入处理时的所述燃料喷射阀的燃料喷射量。
6.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的内燃机的控制装置,
所述控制装置具备空燃比控制部,
所述空燃比控制部构成为,在所述内燃机的燃烧运转中,进行基于设置于所述排气通路中的比所述三元催化剂装置靠上游处的空燃比传感器的空燃比检测值的燃料喷射量的空燃比反馈控制,并且构成为,根据基于该空燃比反馈控制的燃料喷射量的修正值进行空燃比学习值的学习,
所述空燃比控制部构成为,根据通过所述判定处理判定为发生了后着火这一情况实施所述空燃比学习值的再学习。
7.根据权利要求4所述的内燃机的控制装置,
所述控制装置具备空燃比控制部,
所述空燃比控制部构成为,在所述内燃机的燃烧运转中,进行基于设置于所述排气通路中的比所述三元催化剂装置靠上游处的空燃比传感器的空燃比检测值的燃料喷射量的空燃比反馈控制,并且构成为,根据基于该空燃比反馈控制的燃料喷射量的修正值进行空燃比学习值的学习,
所述空燃比控制部构成为,根据通过所述判定处理判定为发生了后着火这一情况实施所述空燃比学习值的再学习。
8.根据权利要求5所述的内燃机的控制装置,
所述控制装置具备空燃比控制部,
所述空燃比控制部构成为,在所述内燃机的燃烧运转中,进行基于设置于所述排气通路中的比所述三元催化剂装置靠上游处的空燃比传感器的空燃比检测值的燃料喷射量的空燃比反馈控制,并且构成为,根据基于该空燃比反馈控制的燃料喷射量的修正值进行空燃比学习值的学习,
所述空燃比控制部构成为,根据通过所述判定处理判定为发生了后着火这一情况实施所述空燃比学习值的再学习。
9.根据权利要求1~3、7~8中任一项所述的内燃机的控制装置,
所述燃料导入处理部构成为,将根据所述判定处理的判定结果而停止了所述燃料导入处理的次数记录为诊断信息。
10.根据权利要求4所述的内燃机的控制装置,
所述燃料导入处理部构成为,将根据所述判定处理的判定结果而停止了所述燃料导入处理的次数记录为诊断信息。
11.根据权利要求5所述的内燃机的控制装置,
所述燃料导入处理部构成为,将根据所述判定处理的判定结果而停止了所述燃料导入处理的次数记录为诊断信息。
12.根据权利要求6所述的内燃机的控制装置,
所述燃料导入处理部构成为,将根据所述判定处理的判定结果而停止了所述燃料导入处理的次数记录为诊断信息。
13.一种内燃机的控制方法,
所述控制方法是控制内燃机的方法,其中,
所述内燃机具备:
燃料喷射阀;
汽缸,被导入包含由该燃料喷射阀喷射出的燃料的混合气;
点火装置,利用火花对导入到该汽缸的混合气进行点火;
排气通路,供从所述汽缸内排出的气体流动;及
三元催化剂装置,设置于所述排气通路,
所述方法包括如下步骤:
实施使包含由所述燃料喷射阀喷射出的燃料的混合气不在所述汽缸中燃烧而向所述排气通路导入的燃料导入处理;
在所述燃料导入处理的实施中,
判定有无所述排气通路中的比所述三元催化剂装置靠上游处的所述混合气的燃烧即后着火的发生;及
在该判定处理中判定为发生了所述后着火时停止所述燃料导入处理,
所述内燃机具备设置于所述排气通路中的比所述三元催化剂装置靠下游处的NOx传感器,
所述判定处理通过在所述NOx传感器的NOx浓度检测值为规定的判定值以上的情况下判定为发生了所述后着火来进行。
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