CN110800491A - Method for grafting magnolia sieboldii on white magnolia used as rootstock - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for grafting magnolia sieboldii on magnolia sieboldii by taking magnolia sieboldii as a stock, and belongs to the technical field of seedling breeding of deciduous woody plants. The method takes white yulan as a stock and takes star-flower yulan as a scion, and the stock and the scion are treated according to a cutting and grafting method for grafting; the scion is soaked in plant growth hormone before grafting, wherein the plant growth hormone consists of 2, 4-D, NAA and KT. According to the method, the scion before grafting is subjected to hormone pretreatment, so that the healing of the contact surface between the stock and the scion after grafting is promoted, the successful grafting time is shortened, the survival rate is high, the large-size high-quality magnolia stellata seedlings can be obtained in a short time, and the actual market demand is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling breeding of deciduous woody plants, and particularly relates to a method for grafting magnolia sieboldii onto magnolia sieboldii by taking magnolia sieboldii as a stock.
Background
Magnolia biondii (Magnolia stellata), named Magnolia biondii, Magnolia japonica, Magnolia biondii, native Japanese Qukumafu county, Blanca, and Blanca deciduous, up to 5 m. The early flowering type is achieved in the 3-4 months of flowering period, namely, the flowers are firstly and the leaves are secondly. The bark is grey brown, the current-year-old twig is green, the bark is densely covered with white silk-like hair, and the biennial twig is brown; the winter bud is flat and smooth. The leaves are in an oval shape, sometimes in a shape of a reversed needle, the length is 4-10 cm, the width is 3.7 cm, and the top ends are blunt, sharp or short and sharp; the base part is gradually narrowed and is wedge-shaped, the upper part is normally green, hairless, and the lower part is light green; the median and petiole are molted. The petals are long-strip-shaped, white, light red with uneven impurities in the middle of the back, the flower diameter is about 8-10 cm, and the petals are upright and aromatic; the external soft calyx-shaped perianth sheet is coated with needles, the length is 15-20 mm, the width is 2-3 mm, and the perianth falls early; the inner number of the petal-shaped comforter pieces is 12 to 45, the shape of a long and narrow circle is inverted oval, the length is 4 to 5 centimeters, and the width is 0.8 to 1.2 centimeters. The polymerized fruit was about 5cm long and only part of the carpel developed and twisted. The flowering period is earlier than that of white yulan magnolia, the flower fragrance is good, the color is beautiful, the planting is introduced to Europe and America after long-term cultivation, and China Qingdao, Nanjing and Dalian are also planted, so that the tree species is an urban garden landscape tree species with a wide development prospect.
White Magnolia (Magnolia denudata), also called Magnolia biondii, is a Magnolia plant of Magnolia family, deciduous tree, white to light purple red, large-sized, aromatic, corolla-shaped, the flower leaves open first, the Magnolia flower looks like lotus, when full bloom, the petals spread to four directions, the flowering period is about 15 days, and the Magnolia flower has extremely high ornamental value. Meanwhile, the magnolia denudata is cold-resistant, can overwinter in the open in the north, can bloom in weakly alkaline soil in the south 12 months to the next 1 month with higher air temperature, and can also grow. Magnolia denudata has strong resistance to harmful gases, certain resistance and sulfur absorption capacity, and strong disease and pest resistance, contains volatile oil, such as citral, syringaleic acid, and the like, and also contains magnoflorine, alkaloid, margarine, decanoic acid, rutin, oleic acid, vitamin A, and the like, and has certain medicinal value. The material is excellent, the texture is straight, the structure is thin, it is used for furniture, drawing board, joinery, etc.
At present, magnolia stelleriana is mainly propagated by traditional sowing and cutting, although the magnolia stelleriana has a certain propagation speed, the dormancy of the magnolia stelleriana needs to be broken by 3 months of low-temperature sand storage after the seeds are mature, the germination rate is low, and the sowing and propagation progeny can have certain character separation and can not well keep the excellent characters of a female parent; cuttage can maintain maternal characters, but 3-4 years are needed from the beginning of cuttage to the application of emergence. Generally, the propagation method mainly adopted at present has overlong seedling time, not only forms certain restriction on the popularization and application of the seedlings, but also greatly improves the seedling maintenance cost, delays the optimal time for the commercial seedlings to appear on the market and influences the economic benefit.
The grafting is to take the scion from good and good mother, graft the scion to the stock chosen with different grafting methods, can breed the seedling fast, keep the good property of the mother, and improve the resistance of the scion, it is one of the main ways to solve the nursery stock production in the nursery stock trade at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for grafting magnolia sieboldii on magnolia sieboldii as a stock, which is simple, convenient for actual operation and high in survival rate.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for grafting magnolia sieboldii by taking magnolia sieboldii as a stock comprises the steps of taking magnolia sieboldii as the stock and magnolia sieboldii as a scion, and treating the stock and the scion according to a cutting grafting method for grafting; the scion is soaked in plant growth hormone before grafting, wherein the plant growth hormone consists of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and Kinetin (KT). The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting stock growing for more than 2 years, wherein the ground diameter is 1.5-2cm, growing robust plants, and applying a compound organic fertilizer to the stock one month in advance; selecting annual branches which grow well and are free of diseases for scions, wherein the thickness of the annual branches is 0.5-1.5 cm, the scions are cut into the length of 20-25 cm, and 4-5 buds are left;
(3) treating the stock and the scion according to a scion-cutting method, and soaking a lower cut of the scion in a growth hormone solution for grafting;
(4) the method comprises the following steps of selecting the late February ten days to the beginning of the third month, inserting the scion which is soaked by hormone into a cut of a stock, aligning a cambium, fastening and sealing the whole grafting part by using a transparent film, wherein the insertion depth is the length of a long section, and ensuring that the grafting part cannot leak;
(5) and during management after grafting, the moisture of the slice part is kept, the mechanical damage is prevented, and the maintenance is frequently observed.
According to the method for grafting the magnolia sieboldii on the white magnolia sieboldii as the rootstock, the concentration of the 2, 4-D is 2-4 mg/L, the concentration of the NAA is 3-6 mg/L, and the concentration of the KT is 1 mg/L.
According to the method for grafting the magnolia sieboldii on the white magnolia sieboldii as the rootstock, the concentration of the 2, 4-D is 4mg/L, the concentration of the NAA is 6mg/L, and the concentration of the KT is 1 mg/L.
According to the method for grafting the magnolia sieboldii by taking the magnolia sieboldii as the rootstock, the scion is soaked in the growth hormone for 10-15 min.
According to the method for grafting the magnolia sieboldii by taking the magnolia sieboldii as the rootstock, the grafting time is selected in late February, and the temperature is 15-20 ℃ in cloudy days or at the air temperature.
The method for grafting the magnolia sieboldii by taking the magnolia sieboldii as the rootstock comprises the following steps of treating scions and the rootstock according to a cutting and grafting method: cutting an upper notch of the scion flatly, wherein the lower notch is firstly beveled at 30 degrees, the length of a cut surface is 1.5-2cm, then beveling is carried out on the opposite side at 45 degrees, the length of the cut surface is 1.0-1.5cm, so that the lower notch is wedge-shaped overall, the cut surface is flat and smooth, and no burr is generated; the rootstock is cut at a position 1.2m away from the ground, the cut is flat, then a cutter is perpendicular to the cut surface, the rootstock is cut downwards at a position which is 1/4 mm away from the edge, and the depth is 2-2.5 cm.
According to the method for grafting the magnolia sieboldii on the white magnolia sieboldii stock, the compound organic fertilizer is retted cooked bean cake fertilizer and chicken manure, the mass ratio of the bean cake fertilizer to the chicken manure is 3: 1, and the using amount is 1kg per plant.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the white magnolia has the advantages of wide natural distribution range, strong resistance and adaptability, less plant diseases and insect pests and quick growth, is a grafting stock suitable for magnolia plants, improves the resistance and the adaptability of the star magnolia by using the white magnolia with strong resistance as the stock, and has simple method, easy operation and high survival rate.
(2) The magnolia denudata and the magnolia denudata belong to the same family, have close genetic relationship and high grafting affinity, and the scion before grafting is subjected to hormone pretreatment, so that the healing of the contact surface between the stock and the scion after grafting is promoted, the successful grafting time is shortened, large-size high-quality seedlings of the magnolia denudata can be obtained in a short time, the grafted and survived magnolia denudata can be transplanted after 2 years, and the actual market demand is met.
(3) By applying the compound organic fertilizer to the rootstock before grafting, the activity and the nutrition conveying capacity of the rootstock cut cell wall at the later stage of grafting are ensured.
(4) The scions do not need to be subjected to low-temperature sand storage treatment, and are only subjected to postharvest hormone treatment for 10 minutes, so that the time required by grafting is greatly shortened, the flow is simplified, and the cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the plants of example 1 that survived the second year after grafting.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below.
Example 1
The method for grafting the magnolia sieboldii on the white magnolia sieboldii as the rootstock comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock and the scion: the method comprises the steps of selecting a rootstock which is grown for more than 2 years and has the ground diameter of 1.5-2cm and strong white magnolia as the rootstock to be grafted, and applying 1kg of compound organic fertilizer (mixing retted and cooked bean cake fertilizer and chicken manure according to a ratio of 3: 1) to each plant one month in advance. The method comprises the following steps of selecting annual branches which grow well and are free of diseases, wherein the thickness of the branches is about 1cm, pruning the branches into branches with the length of 20-25 cm, and leaving 4-5 buds.
(2) Grafting time: in late February, cloudy day.
(3) Treating the rootstock and the scion: the scion is required to be cut flatly by an upper cut, the lower cut is firstly beveled at 30 degrees, the length of a cut surface is 1.5-2cm, then the opposite side is beveled at 45 degrees, the length of the cut surface is 1.0-1.5cm, so that the lower cut is wedge-shaped overall, and the cut surface is required to be flat and smooth and has no burrs. Then the lower cutting of the scion is placed in a solution containing 2, 4-D4 mg/L, NAA6mg/L and KT 1mg/L for soaking for 10min for grafting. The white magnolia selected as the rootstock is truncated from a position 1.2m away from the ground, the cut is flat, then a cutter is perpendicular to the cut surface, and the white magnolia is cut downwards from a position which is 1/4 away from the edge, and the depth is 2-2.5 cm.
(4) Grafting: the long scion grafting section which is well soaked by hormone is stuck to the center of a stock and inserted into an incision, a cambium is aligned, the insertion depth is the length of the long section, then a transparent film is used for tightly binding and sealing the whole grafting part, the grafting part cannot be leaked, and the grafting quantity is 100.
(5) In the management after grafting, the moisture retention of the slice part is also needed to be noticed, the mechanical damage is prevented, and the regular observation and maintenance are needed. And (4) observing the sprouting condition of the scion 35 days after grafting, counting the survival rate, and timely performing supplementary grafting without survival. Fig. 1 shows that the grafted and survived magnolia sieboldii grows well 2 years later and can be transplanted, which shows that the method of the present invention can obtain large-size high-quality seedlings of magnolia sieboldii in a short time, and meets the actual market demand, and has a good application prospect.
Example 2
The method for grafting the magnolia sieboldii on the white magnolia sieboldii as the rootstock comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock and the scion: the method comprises the steps of selecting a rootstock which is grown for more than 2 years and has the ground diameter of 1.5-2cm, taking the strong white yulan as the rootstock to be grafted, and applying 1kg of compound organic fertilizer (mixing retted and cooked bean cake fertilizer and chicken manure according to a ratio of 3: 1) to each plant one month in advance. The method comprises the following steps of selecting annual branches which grow well and are free of diseases, wherein the thickness of the branches is about 1cm, pruning the branches into branches with the length of 20-25 cm, and leaving 4-5 buds.
(2) Grafting time: the selection is made in early trimester and in cloudy days.
(3) Treating the rootstock and the scion: the scion and the stock are treated according to a cleft grafting method, the upper cut of the scion is required to be cut flatly, the lower cut is in an inverted triangle shape, the length is 1.5-2cm, the middle of the stock is cut longitudinally downwards, the depth is 2cm, the cut surface is required to be flat and smooth, and no burrs exist. Then the lower cutting of the scion is placed in a solution containing 2, 4-D4 mg/L, NAA6mg/L and KT 1mg/L for soaking for 10min for grafting.
(4) Grafting: the scion which is well soaked by hormone is inserted from the center of the cut of the stock, aligned with the cambium, the insertion depth is the length of the long section, and then the whole grafting part is fastened and sealed by a transparent film, so that the grafting part cannot be leaked, and the grafting quantity is 100.
(5) In the management after grafting, the moisture retention of the slice part is also needed to be noticed, the mechanical damage is prevented, and the regular observation and maintenance are needed. And (4) observing the sprouting condition of the scion 35 days after grafting, counting the survival rate, and timely performing supplementary grafting without survival.
Example 3
The method for grafting the magnolia sieboldii on the white magnolia sieboldii as the rootstock comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock and the scion: the method comprises the steps of selecting a rootstock which is grown for more than 2 years and has the ground diameter of 1.5-2cm, taking the strong white yulan as the rootstock to be grafted, and applying 1kg of compound organic fertilizer (mixing retted and cooked bean cake fertilizer and chicken manure according to a ratio of 3: 1) to each plant one month in advance. The method comprises the following steps of selecting annual branches which grow well and are free of diseases, wherein the thickness of the branches is about 1cm, pruning the branches into branches with the length of 20-25 cm, and leaving 4-5 buds.
(2) Grafting time: in February, the temperature is about 18 ℃.
(3) Treating the rootstock and the scion: the scion is required to be cut flatly by an upper cut, the lower cut is firstly beveled at 30 degrees, the length of a cut surface is 1.5-2cm, then the opposite side is beveled at 45 degrees, the length of the cut surface is 1.0-1.5cm, so that the lower cut is wedge-shaped overall, and the cut surface is required to be flat and smooth and has no burrs. Then the lower cutting of the scion is placed in a solution containing 2, 4-D2 mg/L, NAA 3mg/L and KT 1mg/L for soaking for 15min for grafting. The white magnolia selected as the rootstock is cut off from a position 1.2 meters away from the ground, the cut is flat, then a cutter is perpendicular to the cut surface, and the white magnolia is cut downwards from a position which is away from the edge and has a diameter of 1/4, and the depth is 2-2.5 cm.
(4) Grafting: the long scion grafting section which is well soaked by hormone is stuck to the center of a stock and inserted into an incision, a cambium is aligned, the insertion depth is the length of the long section, then a transparent film is used for tightly binding and sealing the whole grafting part, the grafting part cannot be leaked, and the grafting quantity is 100.
(5) In the management after grafting, the moisture retention of the slice part is also needed to be noticed, the mechanical damage is prevented, and the regular observation and maintenance are needed. And (4) observing the sprouting condition of the scion after grafting for 40 days, counting the survival rate, and timely performing supplementary grafting without survival.
Example 4
The method for grafting the magnolia sieboldii on the white magnolia sieboldii as the rootstock comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock and the scion: the method comprises the steps of selecting a rootstock which is grown for more than 2 years and has the ground diameter of 1.5-2cm, taking the strong white yulan as the rootstock to be grafted, and applying 1kg of compound organic fertilizer (mixing retted and cooked bean cake fertilizer and chicken manure according to a ratio of 3: 1) to each plant one month in advance. The method comprises the following steps of selecting annual branches which grow well and are free of diseases, wherein the thickness of the branches is about 1cm, pruning the branches into branches with the length of 20-25 cm, and leaving 4-5 buds.
(2) Grafting time: in February, the temperature is about 18 ℃.
(3) Treating the rootstock and the scion: the scion is required to be cut flatly by an upper cut, the lower cut is firstly beveled at 30 degrees, the length of a cut surface is 1.5-2cm, then the opposite side is beveled at 45 degrees, the length of the cut surface is 1.0-1.5cm, so that the lower cut is wedge-shaped overall, and the cut surface is required to be flat and smooth and has no burrs. Then the lower cut of the scion is placed in a solution containing 2, 4-D6 mg/L, NAA 8mg/L and KT 1mg/L to be soaked for 15min for grafting. The white magnolia selected as the rootstock is cut off from a position 1.2 meters away from the ground, the cut is flat, then a cutter is perpendicular to the cut surface, and the white magnolia is cut downwards from a position which is away from the edge and has a diameter of 1/4, and the depth is 2-2.5 cm.
(4) Grafting: the long scion grafting section which is well soaked by hormone is stuck to the center of a stock and inserted into an incision, the cambium of the long scion grafting section is inserted into the incision, the insertion depth is the length of the long scion grafting section, then the whole grafting part is fastened and sealed by a transparent film, the grafting part cannot leak, and the grafting quantity is 100.
(5) In the management after grafting, the moisture retention of the slice part is also needed to be noticed, the mechanical damage is prevented, and the regular observation and maintenance are needed. And (4) observing the sprouting condition of the scion after grafting for 40 days, counting the survival rate, and timely performing supplementary grafting without survival.
Example 5
The method for grafting the magnolia sieboldii on the white magnolia sieboldii as the rootstock comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock and the scion: the method comprises the steps of selecting a rootstock which is grown for more than 2 years and has the ground diameter of 1.5-2cm, taking the strong white yulan as the rootstock to be grafted, and applying 1kg of compound organic fertilizer (mixing retted and cooked bean cake fertilizer and chicken manure according to a ratio of 3: 1) to each plant one month in advance. The method comprises the following steps of selecting annual branches which grow well and are free of diseases, wherein the thickness of the branches is about 1cm, pruning the branches into branches with the length of 20-25 cm, and leaving 4-5 buds.
(2) Grafting time: in February, the temperature is about 18 ℃.
(3) Treating the rootstock and the scion: the scion is required to be cut flatly by an upper cut, the lower cut is firstly beveled at 30 degrees, the length of a cut surface is 1.5-2cm, then the opposite side is beveled at 45 degrees, the length of the cut surface is 1.0-1.5cm, so that the lower cut is wedge-shaped overall, and the cut surface is required to be flat and smooth and has no burrs. The white magnolia selected as the rootstock is truncated from a position 1.2m away from the ground, the cut is flat, then a cutter is perpendicular to the cut surface, and the white magnolia is cut downwards from a position which is 1/4 away from the edge, and the depth is 2-2.5 cm.
(4) Grafting: the long section of the scion is inserted into the incision close to the center of the stock, the cambium of the scion is inserted to the depth of the length of the long section, and then the whole grafting part is fastened and sealed by a transparent film, so that the grafting part cannot leak outside, and the grafting quantity is 100.
(5) In the management after grafting, the moisture retention of the slice part is also needed to be noticed, the mechanical damage is prevented, and the regular observation and maintenance are needed. And (4) observing the sprouting condition of the scion 35-40 days after grafting, counting the survival rate, and performing timely supplementary grafting without survival.
Finally, the influence of different grafting methods and scion treatment methods on the grafting survival rate is counted, and the statistical results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different grafting methods and scion treatment methods on grafting survival
Through 5 different examples, the survival rate of the embodiment 1 reaches 92 percent, is obviously higher than that of other examples, and is more suitable for grafting the magnolia sieboldii by taking the magnolia sieboldii as a rootstock.
Claims (8)
1. A method for grafting magnolia sieboldii on the white magnolia sieboldii as a stock is characterized in that the white magnolia sieboldii is used as the stock, and the magnolia sieboldii is used as a scion; treating the stock and the scion according to a scion method for grafting; the scion is soaked in plant growth hormone before grafting, wherein the plant growth hormone consists of 2, 4-D, NAA and KT.
2. The method for grafting magnolia sieboldii on magnolia sieboldii as a rootstock according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting stock growing for more than 2 years, wherein the ground diameter is 1.5-2cm, growing robust plants, and applying a compound organic fertilizer to the stock one month in advance; selecting annual branches which grow well and are free of diseases for scions, wherein the thickness of the annual branches is 0.5-1.5 cm, the scions are cut into the length of 20-25 cm, and 4-5 buds are left;
(3) treating the stock and the scion according to a scion-cutting method, and soaking a lower cut of the scion in plant growth hormone for grafting;
(4) the method comprises the following steps of selecting the late February ten days to the beginning of the third month, inserting the scion which is soaked by hormone into a cut of a stock, aligning a cambium, fastening and sealing the whole grafting part by using a transparent film, wherein the insertion depth is the length of a long section, and ensuring that the grafting part cannot leak;
(5) and during management after grafting, the moisture of the slice part is kept, the mechanical damage is prevented, and the maintenance is frequently observed.
3. The method for grafting magnolia sieboldii on magnolia sieboldii as a rootstock according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentration of 2, 4-D is 2-4 mg/L, the concentration of NAA is 3-6 mg/L, and the concentration of KT is 1 mg/L.
4. The method for grafting magnolia sieboldii on white magnolia rootstock according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentration of 2, 4-D is 4mg/L, the concentration of NAA is 6mg/L, and the concentration of KT is 1 mg/L.
5. The method for grafting magnolia sieboldii on magnolia sieboldii as a rootstock according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the scion is soaked in growth hormone for 10-15 min.
6. The method for grafting magnolia sieboldii on the magnolia sieboldii stock according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the grafting time is selected in late february, cloudy day or when the air temperature reaches 15-20 ℃.
7. The method for grafting magnolia sieboldii on magnolia sieboldii as a rootstock according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the scion and the rootstock are treated according to a scion-cutting method: cutting an upper notch of the scion flatly, wherein the lower notch is firstly beveled at 30 degrees, the length of a cut surface is 1.5-2cm, then beveling is carried out on the opposite side at 45 degrees, the length of the cut surface is 1.0-1.5cm, so that the lower notch is wedge-shaped overall, the cut surface is flat and smooth, and no burr is generated; the rootstock is cut at a position 1.2m away from the ground, the cut is flat, then a cutter is perpendicular to the cut surface, the rootstock is cut downwards at a position which is 1/4 mm away from the edge, and the depth is 2-2.5 cm.
8. The method for grafting magnolia sieboldii on white magnolia stock according to claim 2, wherein the compound organic fertilizer is retted cooked bean cake fertilizer and chicken manure, the mass ratio of the bean cake fertilizer to the chicken manure is 3: 1, and the use amount is 1 kg/plant.
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