CN110447403B

CN110447403B - Magnolia officinalis grafting propagation method

Info

Publication number: CN110447403B
Application number: CN201910743947.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨志玲; 杨旭; 谭美; 程小燕; 谭梓峰
Original assignee: Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Current assignee: Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry
Priority date: 2019-08-13
Filing date: 2019-08-13
Publication date: 2022-04-22
Anticipated expiration: 2039-08-13
Also published as: CN110447403A

Abstract

The invention discloses a magnolia officinalis grafting propagation method, which establishes a whole set of asexual propagation technical method from stock cultivation, sprout strip cultivation, scion strip collection, scion strip treatment, grafting time, grafting method and post-grafting management measure optimization; the method can ensure the excellent quality of the scion and shorten the seedling raising period, and becomes an important method for obtaining excellent plants quickly and in batches; the method reduces the conditions of different seedling quality, large forest stand growth variation, unstable medicinal material quality and the like caused by seed propagation, and lays a solid foundation for large-scale propagation of excellent single plants and excellent clones.

Description

Magnolia officinalis grafting propagation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of grafting propagation, and mainly relates to a magnolia officinalis grafting propagation method.

Background

Cortex Magnoliae officinalis

officilias) belonging to Magnoliaceae (Magnolia genus

A plant. Cortex Magnolia officinalis is deciduous tree, and has a height of 20 m; the bark is thick, brown and does not crack;the small branches are thick, light yellow or gray yellow, and have silk hair when young; the terminal bud is large, and the tip is cone-shaped like a narrow ovum without hair. The leaf is big and is close to the leathery, 7-9 pieces gather at the branch end, the long round shape is inverted egg-shaped, the length is 22-45cm, the width is 10-24cm, the tip has short sharp tip or round blunt, the flower is white, the diameter is 10-15cm, and the fragrance is provided; the flower stalk is thick and short, the quilt is long and soft, the part 1cm below the flower quilt sheet is provided with a wrapping piece falling mark, the flower quilt sheet is 9-12, thick flesh, 3 pieces of the outer wheel are light green, the shape of a long circle is inverted oval, the inner two wheels are white, the shape of an inverted oval spoon is 8-8.5cm long, the width is 3-4.5cm, and the middle inner wheel is upright when flowers are full. The polymerized fruit is long in a round oval shape and 9-15cm long; the bone whole-length has a beak with the length of 3-4 mm; the seeds are in the shape of a triangle, inverted egg and are about 1cm long. The mangnolia officinalis is distributed in provinces such as Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Henan between 119 DEG to 102 DEG 84 'of the east longitude and 25 DEG to 33 DEG to 75' of the north latitude, and is vertically distributed in mountainous regions with the elevation of 300-1500 m. It is one of three important Chinese medicinal materials, and is the first two-stage key protection tree species and two-stage protection Chinese medicinal materials in the country in the early nineties. After the times of large-scale wild resource collection and drug use in the sixties and eighties of the last century, scattered wild populations can be found only in remote alpine regions, the wild resource amount is continuously reduced, the wild populations are typically broken, and the wild magnolia officinalis medicinal materials are difficult to guarantee the continuously increased market demands at home and abroad. The artificial magnolia bark forest is highly valued, the national cultivation area reaches millions of acres, the demand of industrial development on high-quality magnolia bark seedlings is very strong, but no fine magnolia bark seeds are popularized nationwide, seedling sources basically collect seeds and breed seedlings during artificial forest cultivation in practical production, and due to the fact that the quality of the seeds collected by production units and seedling farmers is not uniform, the variation of the cultivated seedlings is large, the production problems that the growth potential difference of each single plant is obvious, the quality of forest stand is not good, the yield of medicinal materials is not high, the effective components are not uniform and the like occur in the later stage of the artificial forest. The grafting propagation takes the scion of an excellent single plant as a material, and after the grafted seedling survives, the excellent quality of the original scion can be ensured, the seedling culture period can be shortened, and the method becomes an important method and a way for obtaining excellent plants quickly and in batches.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a magnolia officinalis grafting propagation method.

The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical means. A magnolia officinalis grafting propagation method comprises the following steps:

1) stock cultivation: cultivating the stock one year ahead of time, and when the seedling grows to 20cm, pinching the terminal bud to promote the root system to be developed, and obtaining the annual magnolia officinalis seedling which grows strongly and is straight in dry shape as the stock;

2) and (3) sprout cultivation: selecting excellent plants which are robust in growth, high in medicinal material yield and high in medicinal component content, cutting the base of the stump by two to three cutters at the bottom of 8 months in the previous year, coating a wound with growth promoting mixed liquor containing cytokinin BA and naphthylacetic acid NAA, after sprouting strips are extracted from the wound base of the stump at the bottom of 9 months, retaining 3-4 strong sprouting strips for each stump, cutting off other sprouting strips, and coating oil paint on the wound of the base of the sprouting strips to prevent bleeding damage;

3) ear collection and treatment: cutting off the bud strips with hidden buds from the root of the stump in the middle ten days of the month, cutting off all leaves on the bud strips, wrapping the bud strips with a plastic film, putting the bud strips into a water-containing barrel, bringing the bud strips to a stock cultivation base, and placing the base parts of the bud strips in a growth mixed solution for 10 min; the length of the scion segment is not more than 15cm, and the diameter of the branch head at the lower end of the scion is not less than 1 cm;

4) grafting time: the method is carried out from the middle ten days of 2 months to the bottom of 2 months before the sprouts are not extracted after the spring festival;

5) the grafting method comprises the following steps: selecting a stock with the ground diameter of more than 1.5cm, cutting the stock at a position 10-15cm away from the root of the tree, directly cutting the stock at the center of the cross section by a fast cutter to a depth of 3-5cm, coating the growth mixed solution on a wound of the stock, reserving the solution at the wound for 5min, cutting scions with 2-3 hidden buds from a sprout, obliquely cutting 1.0-1.5cm wedge-shaped cutting surfaces on two sides of the lower end of the scions, pulling the cuts of the stock by a grafting cutter, inserting the cut scions into the cuts of the stock, enabling cambiums of the scions to be in close contact with the cambiums on two sides of the stock, tightly wrapping the cuts of the stock by a film with the width of 2.0-2.5cm, and wrapping the tops of the stocks and the scions in the film to expose the hidden buds of the scions.

The growth promoting mixed liquor: dissolving NAA with 95% ethanol, dissolving cytokinin BA with distilled water with the same volume as that of 95% ethanol when preparing NAA, preparing mixed growth promoting liquid with the concentration of 150mg/L-300mg/L with the cytokinin BA and the NAA, and respectively coating the growth promoting mixed liquid on the stump wound after 3 days and 10 days.

The preparation method of the growth mixed solution comprises the following steps: cytokinin BA: the weight ratio of the indoleacetic acid IAA is 1: 1, the concentration is 100mg/L, and indoleacetic acid IAA is dissolved by 95 percent alcohol in advance and then is prepared into a mixed solution with cytokinin BA to the required concentration.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method establishes a whole set of vegetative propagation technical method from stock cultivation, sprout cultivation, ear collection, ear treatment, grafting time, grafting method and post-grafting management measure optimization; the method can ensure the excellent quality of the scion and shorten the seedling raising period, and becomes an important method for obtaining excellent plants quickly and in batches; the method reduces the conditions of different seedling quality, large forest stand growth variation, unstable medicinal material quality and the like caused by seed propagation, and lays a solid foundation for large-scale propagation of excellent single plants and excellent clones.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following drawings:

as shown in figure 1, the invention discloses a magnolia officinalis grafting propagation method, which establishes a whole set of asexual propagation technical method by optimizing stock cultivation, sprout cultivation, scion collection, scion treatment, grafting time, grafting method and post-grafting management measures, and adopts the following steps:

1) stock cultivation: cultivating the stock one year ahead of time, and when the seedling grows to 20cm, pinching the terminal bud to promote the root system to be developed, and obtaining the annual magnolia officinalis seedling which grows strongly and is straight in dry shape as the stock; the pinching treatment is carried out when the stock seedling grows to 20cm, the top growth of the seedling is inhibited, the trunk diameter of the stock is promoted to be thick and strong, the trunk shape is straight, the root system is developed, a large number of stocks meeting the standard can be obtained, the stock is ensured to form developed root systems, and a large number of seedlings are promoted to meet the requirements of the stock.

2) And (3) sprout cultivation: selecting excellent plants which are robust in growth, high in medicinal material yield and high in medicinal component content, cutting two to three cutters at the base of a stump at the bottom of 8 months in the previous year, and coating a wound with growth promoting mixed solution containing cytokinin (BA) and naphthylacetic acid (NAA) (wherein the NAA is dissolved by 95% alcohol, the BA is dissolved by distilled water with the same volume as that of the prepared NAA, the mixed growth promoting solution with the concentration of 150mg/L is prepared by the BA and the NAA, the growth promoting mixed solution with the concentration of 150mg/L to 300mg/L is effective in the test), respectively coating the growth promoting mixed solution at the wound of the stump after 3 days and 10 days, and after the wound of the stump at the bottom of 9 months is extracted, 3-4 strong germinated strips are reserved for each stump, other strips are cut off, and the wound at the base of the strips is coated with paint to prevent the germination;

3) ear collection and treatment: cutting off the bud with hidden buds from the root of the stump in the middle ten days of 2 months, cutting off all leaves on the bud, wrapping the bud with a plastic film, putting the bud into a barrel with water, bringing the bud to a stock cultivation base, and placing the base of the bud in a growth mixed solution for 10min (the description is that the growth mixed solution is prepared by a method that the ratio of cytokinin BA to indoleacetic acid IAA is 1: 1 and the concentration is 100mg/L, dissolving the indoleacetic acid IAA with 95% alcohol in advance, and then preparing the mixed solution with the cytokinin BA with the required concentration); the length of the scion segment is not more than 15cm, and the diameter of the branch head at the lower end of the scion is not less than 1 cm;

5) the grafting method comprises the following steps: selecting a stock with the ground diameter of more than 1.5cm, cutting the stock at a position 10-15cm away from the root of the tree, directly cutting the stock at the center of the cross section with a fast cutter to a depth of 3-5cm, smearing a growth mixed solution on a wound of the stock, and keeping the solution at the wound for 5min (describing the preparation method of the growth mixed solution, namely, preparing the growth mixed solution by a method that the ratio of cytokinin BA to indoleacetic acid IAA is 1: 1 and the concentration is 100mg/L, dissolving the indoleacetic acid IAA with 95% alcohol in advance, preparing the mixed solution with the cytokinin BA into a required concentration), cutting off scions with 2-3 hidden buds from the scions, obliquely cutting one wedge-shaped cutting surface of 1.0-1.5cm on each side of the lower end of the scions, pulling the stock cuts open with a grafting cutter, inserting the cut scions into the stock cuts, closely contacting the cambiums on with the cambiums on both sides of the stock, tightly and tightly binding the cambiums with a film with the width of 2.0-2.5cm, meanwhile, the cut of the rootstock and the top of the scion are wrapped in the film, and the hidden bud of the scion is exposed.

6) Optimizing the post-grafting management measures: A. building a shade shed, and building the shade shed in the grafted seedling area to prevent direct sun exposure after grafting; B. performing water and fertilizer control management within three weeks of grafting, and performing field management according to a conventional method; C. investigating the survival rate of the grafted seedlings, investigating the survival rate of the seedlings after four weeks of grafting 4 measures, and investigating the survival rate of the seedlings again after the seedlings stop growing; D. bud picking and bud removing, removing bud strips on the stock in time after grafting, and removing twice every week; F. the binding film is cut off, after the rootstock and the scion are firmly healed, the film binding belt can be removed, and the rootstock and the scion branch bud are not easy to be injured in the process; G. and (4) investigating the growth of the grafted seedlings, wherein the growth indexes of the grafted seedlings are investigated after the seedlings stop growing in the current year.

The invention cultivates the stock one year ahead of time, selects the nursery stock with the ground diameter of 1.5-2cm as the stock, the stock root of the specification is good, normally absorbs the moisture and the soil nutrition, and ensures the quality of the grafted seedling. The sprout is cultivated in the former autumn, the excellent single plant with good growth character and high pesticide effect quality is selected, the stump of the tree is cut, the sprout capability of the magnolia officinalis is strong, the sprout with high quality can be quickly extracted by treating the growth mixed liquid, the sprout with weak growth can be properly cut off, and the sprout and the scion bud on the sprout are full and high-quality. The original plant tree form is not damaged, the base part of the stump is taken out to sprout and strengthen, and the quality of the grafted seedling is ensured to be high. The sprout strips do not lose moisture after moisture preservation treatment, are fully contacted with the cut surfaces of the stocks, and are convenient for germination of the hidden sprouts on the scions and timely obtaining nutrition from the stocks due to the growth promoting effect of the growth liquid. The root of the rootstock has better healing with the section of the rootstock, and the bud on the scion which the base absorbs the growth liquid can germinate better. The mixed solution for wetting the stock and the scion is beneficial to early healing of the stock and a scion cambium, ensures that the nutrient and the root water of the stock are smoothly delivered to scion, promotes the bud of the scion to germinate early, and ensures the success of the whole grafting and the robust growth of the grafted seedling. The advantages of the original cleft grafting method are retained, and the perfect fit between the stock and the scion section is ensured.

It should be understood that equivalent substitutions and changes to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention should be made by those skilled in the art to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A magnolia officinalis grafting propagation method is characterized in that: the following steps are taken:

5) the grafting method comprises the following steps: selecting a stock with the ground diameter of more than 1.5cm, cutting the stock at a position 10-15cm away from the root of a tree, directly cutting the stock at the center of the cross section by using a quick cutter to a depth of 3-5cm, coating a growth mixed solution on a wound of the stock, reserving the solution at the wound for 5min, shearing scions with 2-3 hidden buds from a sprout, obliquely cutting 1.0-1.5cm wedge-shaped cutting surfaces on two sides of the lower end of the scions, pulling the cuts of the stock by using a grafting cutter, inserting the cut scions into the cuts of the stock, tightly wrapping the cambiums on two sides of the stock by using a film with the width of 2.0-2.5cm, and wrapping the cuts of the stock and the tops of the scions in the film to expose the hidden buds of the scions;

6) optimizing the post-grafting management measures:

A. building a shade shed, and building the shade shed in the grafted seedling area to prevent direct sun exposure after grafting;

B. performing water and fertilizer control management within three weeks of grafting, and performing field management according to a conventional method;

C. investigating the survival rate of the grafting, investigating the survival rate of the nursery stock after the grafting measures are carried out for four weeks, and investigating the survival rate of the nursery stock again after the nursery stock stops growing;

D. bud picking and bud removing, removing bud strips on the stock in time after grafting, and removing twice every week;

E. cutting off the binding film, and removing the film binding belt after the rootstock and the scion are firmly healed, wherein the process does not damage the rootstock and the scion branch bud;

F. the growth of the grafted seedlings is investigated, and the growth indexes of the grafted seedlings are investigated after the seedlings stop growing in the current year;

the growth promoting mixed liquor: dissolving NAA with 95% ethanol, dissolving cytokinin BA with distilled water with the same volume as that of 95% ethanol when preparing NAA, preparing mixed growth promoting liquid with the concentration of 150mg/L-300mg/L with the cytokinin BA and the NAA, and respectively coating the growth promoting mixed liquid on the stump wound after 3 days and 10 days;