CN109452015A - A kind of engrafting method improving coffee seedling root production - Google Patents
A kind of engrafting method improving coffee seedling root production Download PDFInfo
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- CN109452015A CN109452015A CN201811553974.7A CN201811553974A CN109452015A CN 109452015 A CN109452015 A CN 109452015A CN 201811553974 A CN201811553974 A CN 201811553974A CN 109452015 A CN109452015 A CN 109452015A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention relates to graft technology field, in particular to a kind of engrafting method for improving coffee seedling root production.The engrafting method includes the following steps: for Coffea canephora seedling and large seed coffee seedling to be abutted against, and after first interface healing, obtains the double fringes of double joint by seedlings picking;The double fringes of double joint are abutted against by seedlings picking with another plant of large seed coffee seedling, after second interface healing, obtain three Sansuis by seedlings picking;The fringe of seedlings picking large seed coffee is leaned in removal;Coffea canephora root system is removed after 2~4 days, is unbinded after 2~4 days, obtains double anvils by seedlings picking.The present invention passes through the suitable coffee species of selection and the configuration of each kind, seedling growth and seedling age, it is abutted against period and number, promote interface healing formula, hestening rooting formula, extra, fringe trimming time stay anvil, stay the reasonable engrafting method such as fringe and unbundlings sequence, achieve the purpose that be abutted against high survival rate, improve coffee root activity, increase root system amount, improve root production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to graft technology field, in particular to a kind of engrafting method for improving coffee seedling root production.
Background technique
Coffee is one of big beverage crops in the world three, is ranking former in international trade bulk products.China's coffee
More than 200 ten thousand mu of cultivated area, and as domestic and international consumption demand is continuously increased, cultivated area growth trend is obvious, and coffee industry has become
For one of China torrid zone industrial crops strong industry.
Coffee species are divided into medium-sized seed, arabica and large seed, and what the whole world was mainly planted at present is medium-sized seed and small
Grain kind, however, since main breed medium-sized seed is perennial industrial crops, after sequential cropping cultivation, generally existing growing way is weak, easy aging,
The phenomenons such as disease incidence is high, yield is decreased obviously, survival rate of replanting is low, continuous cropping obstacle, which has been increasingly becoming, restricts the production of China's coffee
The outstanding problem of industry sustainable health development.
It is investigated and is found by applicant, the nutrients such as continuous cropping obstacle coffee garden Soil Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium can satisfy plant strain growth and need
It asks, nutrient stress phenomenon is not present, it is the major reason for leading to plant strain growth obstacle that root growth, which is obstructed,.Therefore, how to increase
Coffee root system amount, improves root activity and productivity is the emphasis of Recent study worker concern.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of engrafting methods for improving coffee seedling root production.The engrafting method
High survival rate, coffee root activity are high, and root system amount is big, and coffee growing way is good.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides a kind of engrafting methods of coffee, include the following steps:
Step 1: Coffea canephora seedling and large seed coffee seedling being abutted against, first is smeared at first interface and is matched
Square liquid is 60mg/L NAA aqueous solution as root water using concentration, after first interface healing, obtains the double fringes of double joint by seedlings picking;
The aqueous solution for the 2,4-D that the first formula liquid is the NAA containing 10mg/L and 10mg/L;
Step 2: the double fringes of double joint being abutted against by seedlings picking with another plant of large seed coffee seedling, the smearing the at second interface
Two formula liquid are obtained after second interface healing for the IBA aqueous solution of the NAA and 40mg/L of 40mg/L as root water using concentration
Seedlings picking is leaned on to three Sansuis;The second formula liquid is the water of the KT of 2,4-D, 10mg/L of NAA, 10mg/L containing 10mg/L
Solution;
Step 3: the fringe of seedlings picking large seed coffee is leaned in removal, and Coffea canephora root system is removed after 2~4 days, is solved after 2~4 days
It ties up, obtains double anvils by seedlings picking.
Root production refers in land area of one unit that the net production of organic matter in the unit time is evaluation plant nutrition
The important indicator of ability is absorbed and utilized.Root activity and root biomass are to influence two big factors of root production.The present invention
Upper coffee root system amount is few, the low plant liquid manure that seriously affects of root activity is absorbed for producing, and it is low etc. to eventually lead to root production
Problem proposes a kind of engrafting method for improving coffee seedling root production.Select large seed coffee for the grafting method of stock,
The reason of carrying out the regulation of coffee root production is that large seed main root is deep, and absorption root is widely distributed in topsoil, after grafting not
Only can increase plant root, and adverse circumstance is adaptable, in coffee continuous cropping obstacle garden, growth vigor is obvious, be also suitable for arid,
Windy coffee growing area popularizing planting.The present invention includes the suitable coffee species (being abutted against material) of selection and the configuration of each kind, children
Seedling growing way and seedling age are abutted against period and number, and interface healing is promoted to be formulated, hestening rooting formula, extra, fringe trimming time,
It stays anvil, stay fringe and unbundlings sequence.By reasonable engrafting method, reach and improve coffee root activity, increase root system amount, improves root
It is the purpose of productivity.
Preferably, removing Coffea canephora root system after 2 days in step 3, unbinding after 2 days, double anvils are obtained by seedlings picking.
Preferably, the period being abutted against in step 1 is 4~May.
Preferably, the period being abutted against in step 1 is April.
Preferably, Coffea canephora seedling is 2~3 monthly age Coffea canephora seedlings, large seed coffee in step 1
Seedling is 3~4 monthly age large seed coffee seedlings.
Preferably, Coffea canephora seedling is 2 monthly age Coffea canephora seedlings in step 1, and large seed coffee grows directly from seeds
Seedling is 3 monthly age large seed coffee seedlings.
Preferably, being abutted against in step 1 are as follows: will be vertical in the middle part of Coffea canephora seedling and large seed coffee seedling stem
1.8~2.2cm of Xiang Kaichang, the notch as deep as xylem tighten bandage after being aligned 2 notch forming layers.
Preferably, it is abutted against in step 1 are as follows: will be longitudinal in the middle part of Coffea canephora seedling and large seed coffee seedling stem
Long 2cm, the notch as deep as xylem are opened, after 2 notch forming layers are aligned, tightens bandage.
Preferably, large seed coffee seedling is 3~4 monthly age large seed coffee seedlings in step 2.
Preferably, large seed coffee seedling is 3 monthly age large seed coffee seedlings in step 2.
Preferably, being abutted against in step 2 are as follows: by the double fringes of double joint in seedlings picking and another plant of large seed coffee seedling stem
It longitudinally opens long 1.8~2.2cm, the notch as deep as xylem and tightens bandage after being aligned 2 notch forming layers in portion.
Preferably, the double fringes of double joint are by the interface of seedlings picking for below Coffea canephora seedling first interface in step 2
Opposite side.
Preferably, the time of first interface healing is 15~25 days, the time of second interface healing is 15~25 days.
Preferably, the time of first interface healing is 18~22 days, and the time of second interface healing is 18~22 days.
Preferably, the time of first interface healing is 20 days, and the time of second interface healing is 20 days.
The present invention provides a kind of engrafting methods for improving coffee seedling root production.The engrafting method includes following step
It is rapid: Coffea canephora seedling and large seed coffee seedling being abutted against, after first interface healing, the double fringes of double joint is obtained and is abutted against
Seedling;The double fringes of double joint are abutted against by seedlings picking with another plant of large seed coffee seedling, after second interface healing, obtain three Sansuis
By seedlings picking;The fringe of seedlings picking large seed coffee is leaned in removal, and Coffea canephora root system is removed after 2~4 days, unbinds, obtains after 2~4 days
Double anvils lean on seedlings picking.The technical effect that the present invention has are as follows:
The present invention selects large seed coffee for the grafting method of stock, and large seed main root is deep, and absorption root is widely distributed in table
Soil layer not only can increase plant root after grafting, and adverse circumstance is adaptable, and in coffee continuous cropping obstacle garden, growth vigor is obvious,
It is also suitable in arid, windy coffee growing area popularizing planting.
The present invention includes the suitable coffee species of selection and the configuration of each kind, seedling growth and seedling age, is abutted against period and secondary
Number promotes interface healing formula, hestening rooting formula, and extra, fringe trimming time stay anvil, stay fringe and unbundlings sequence.Pass through conjunction
The engrafting method of reason reaches the mesh for being abutted against high survival rate, improving coffee root activity, increase root system amount, improving root production
's.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows that double anvils are abutted against demonstration by seedlings picking the 1st time;
Fig. 2 shows that double anvils are abutted against demonstration by seedlings picking the 2nd time.
Specific embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of engrafting method for improving coffee seedling root production, those skilled in the art can be borrowed
Reflect present disclosure, is suitably modified realization of process parameters.In particular, it should be pointed out that all similar substitutions and modifications are to this field
It is it will be apparent that they are considered as being included in the present invention for technical staff.Method and application of the invention has passed through
Preferred embodiment is described, related personnel obviously can not depart from the content of present invention, in spirit and scope to described herein
Methods and applications be modified or appropriate changes and combinations, carry out implementation and application the technology of the present invention.
Embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
In annual 4~May, it is abutted against to be formed with 1 plant of 2~3 monthly age Coffea canephora and 1 plant of 3~4 monthly age large seed coffee
The double fringes of double joint lean on seedlings picking, and specific method is included in sand bed and cultivates medium-sized seed and large seed seedling respectively, and large seed is divided into than in
Grain plants early sowing 1 month and 2 months 2 seedlings, 1 plant of 2~3 monthly age medium-sized seed and 1 plant of 3~4 monthly age large seed is taken in sand bed, in
It is longitudinal in the middle part of grain kind and large seed stem to open long 1.8~2.2cm, the notch as deep as xylem, it is the NAA of 10mg/L with concentration
It is made into mixed liquor with 2,4-D, cotton swab is soaked and smears notch, after 2 notch forming layers are aligned, plastics bandage is tightened, plants Hui Sha
Bed drenches sufficient root water, unbinds after 15~25 days.
It is being abutted against 1 plant of 3~4 monthly age large seed again by interface opposite direction, specific method is included in sand bed and takes 1 plant of 3~April
Age large seed longitudinally opens length in the middle part of large seed stem and below this plant of interface of double joint seedling medium-sized seed, on the stem of opposite direction
1.8~2.2cm, the notch as deep as xylem are made into mixed liquor with NAA, 2,4-D and KT that concentration is 10mg/L, soak cotton
Label smear notch, after 2 notch forming layers are aligned, tighten plastics bandage, and bandage covers 2 interfaces, plants back sand bed, and it is fixed to drench foot
Root water wipes out the fringe of large seed after 15~25 days, medium-sized seed root system is wiped out after 2~4 days, is unbinded after 2~4 days, ultimately forms 2
Double anvils of 1 medium-sized seed scion of large seed stock lean on seedlings picking.
Material therefor is available on the market in raising coffee seedling root production engrafting method provided by the invention.
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further explained:
Embodiment 1
The present invention is few for the upper coffee root system amount of production, root activity is low seriously affects the absorption of plant liquid manure, eventually leads to
The problems such as root production is low proposes a kind of engrafting method for improving coffee seedling root production.The present invention includes that selection is suitable
Suitable coffee species (being abutted against material) and the configuration of each kind, seedling growth and seedling age, are abutted against period and number, promote interface healing
Formula, hestening rooting formula, extra, fringe trimming time stay anvil, stay fringe and unbundlings sequence.By reasonable engrafting method, reach
To coffee root activity is improved, increases root system amount, improve the purpose of root production.Embodiment is as follows:
In annual April, it is abutted against to form the double fringes of double joint with 1 plant of 2 monthly age Coffea canephora and 1 plant of 3 monthly age large seed coffee
By seedlings picking, specific method is included in sand bed and cultivates medium-sized seed and large seed seedling respectively, and large seed is divided into than medium-sized seed early sowing 1
A month and 2 months 2 seedlings take 1 plant of 2 monthly age medium-sized seed and 1 plant of 3 monthly age large seed in sand bed, in medium-sized seed and large seed stem
Longitudinal open in dry middle part is about 2.0cm, the notch as deep as xylem, is the NAA and 2 of 10mg/L with concentration, 4-D is made into mixing
Liquid soaks cotton swab and smears notch, after 2 notch forming layers are aligned, tighten plastics bandage, plant back sand bed, be 60mg/ with concentration
L NAA solution is as root water, later every water drenching in 2 days 1 time, 20 days or so unbundlings (Fig. 1).
It is being abutted against 1 plant of 3 monthly age large seed again by interface opposite direction, specific method is included in sand bed and takes 1 plant of 3 monthly age big grain
Kind, in the middle part of the large seed stem and below this plant of interface of double joint seedling medium-sized seed, longitudinally opens and be about on the stem of opposite direction
2.0cm, the notch as deep as xylem are made into mixed liquor with NAA, 2,4-D and KT that concentration is 10mg/L, soak cotton swab smearing
Notch after being aligned 2 notch forming layers, tightens plastics bandage, and bandage covers 2 interfaces, plants back sand bed, be with concentration
The NAA and IBA of 40mg/L is made into mixed liquor as root water, later every water drenching in 2 days 1 time, wipes out large seed within 20 days or so
Fringe is wiped out medium-sized seed root system, is unbinded after 2 days after 2 days, the double anvils for ultimately forming 2 large seed stocks, 1 medium-sized seed scion are abutted against
Seedling (Fig. 2).
Test example 1
Sequential cropping cultivation coffee Orchard Soil macronutrient situation is investigated, the reason of leading to coffee continuous cropping obstacle is found.Soil
Earth macronutrient situation is shown in Table 1.
1 sequential cropping cultivation coffee Orchard Soil macronutrient situation of table
Note: soil alkaline hydrolysis N, available P, active potassic critical value are referring to Soils of Hainan Province nutrient classification standard.
By 1 testing result of table as it can be seen that the nutrients such as continuous cropping obstacle coffee garden Soil Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium can satisfy plant strain growth need
It asks, nutrient stress phenomenon is not present, it is the major reason for leading to plant strain growth obstacle that root growth, which is obstructed,.Therefore, how to increase
Coffee root system amount, improves root activity and productivity is the emphasis of Recent study worker concern.
Test example 2
(1) test method
2015~2018 years, different grafting processing were had studied within continuous 4 years to survival rate of plant, root activity and productivity etc.
It influences, screens suitable coffee grafting method.2 are shown in Table to the description of different grafting processing.
The description of 2 pairs of table different grafting processing
(2) different grafting processing, which heal to coffee interface, unbinds the influence of time and survival rate
Grafting shoot survival percent is that can grafting realize one of key factor of large scale application.By comparing difference
Month graft survival rate, find to be abutted against in 4~May or 12~January, coffee grafting high survival rate.7~August part temperature is high,
It is impaired to be abutted against rear stem, influences Water Transportation, dehydrating phenomena easily occurs in blade, this may be processing 5 to handling 8 survival rate of plant
Lower reason.Meanwhile notch quantity also influences to graft shoot survival percent, processing 4, processing 8 and processing 12 are respectively compared with its same month
Grafting processing survival rate of plant is slightly lower (table 3).
The different grafting processing of table 3, which heal to coffee interface, unbinds the influence of time and survival rate
(3) influence of the different grafting processing to coffee root activity and productivity
By comparing different month grafting root activity (table 4), discovery grafting processing root activity is substantially in 4~May
Part be higher than for 12~January, 7~August part it is minimum.Root activity with month grafting processing shows as the double anvils of large seed
Seedling highest, and the double anvil seedlings of large seed root activity difference between the processing of different months is little.In being managed everywhere in 4~May, root
It is that vigor height smoothly handles 1 > processing 3 for 2 > of processing 4 > processing.
Coffee seedling root production is calculated with a period of time (1 year) interior growth increment, and biomass is ignored not before being abutted against
Meter, i.e., finally illustrate root production with plant amount of dry matter.Identical as root activity result, root dry weight, overground part dry weight are equal
In the 12~January that is higher than in 4~May, 7~August part it is minimum, with the root dry weight or overground part dry weight of month grafting processing
Show as the double anvil seedling highests of large seed.It is abutted against month difference, the double anvil seedling root dry weights of large seed or overground part dry weight is influenced not
Together, in managing everywhere in 4~May, root dry weight height smoothly handles 2 > processing 1 for 3 > of processing 4 > processing, and overground part is dry
Weight height smoothly handles 2 > for 4 > of processing and handles 3 > processing 1, this partial results is different from root activity trend, embodies root
It is productivity by root activity and the joint effect of root biomass.
In conjunction with root activity and root biomass as a result, and plant above ground portion growing state, reference process 4 determine grafting
Method is more appropriate (table 4).Size incision and depth, bandage use and unbind referring to the method mentioned in other plant, but right
It is abutted against number, promotes interface healing formula, hestening rooting formula, extra fringe trimming time, stays anvil that fringe and unbundlings sequence is stayed to do
Particular/special requirement.
Influence of the different grafting processing of table 4 to coffee root activity and productivity
(4) determination to being abutted against by several times
The present invention is abutted against as follows, and number (table 5) is abutted against in determination.
The influence to coffee survival rate is abutted against in 5 gradation of table
(5) determination to interface healing formula is promoted
The present invention is abutted against (table 6) as follows, determines that promoting the formula of interface healing is the 1st interface by processing
3 smear, and the 2nd interface smears (table 7) by processing 12.
6 pairs of the table descriptions for promoting interface healing to be formulated
Respectively influence of the formula to interface healing unbundlings time and survival rate of plant of table 7
(6) to the determination of hestening rooting formula
The present invention is abutted against (table 8) as follows, determine hestening rooting formula be abutted against for plant the 1st time move back to
Sand bed is drenched by processing 4, is abutted against for plant the 2nd time and to be moved back to sand bed, drenches (table 9) by processing 9.
Description of the table 8 to hestening rooting formula
Respectively influence of the formula to coffee root dry weight of table 9
Processing | It is abutted against for 1st time and survives rear root dry weight (g) | It is abutted against the root dry weight (g) retained after surviving for 2nd time |
1 | 5.47 | 7.15 |
2 | 5.95 | 8.01 |
3 | 6.32 | 8.88 |
4 | 7.93 | 9.45 |
5 | 6.01 | 8.24 |
6 | 6.30 | 8.78 |
7 | 7.61 | 9.30 |
8 | 6.77 | 9.07 |
9 | 6.40 | 11.36 |
10 | 6.39 | 10.96 |
(7) to extra, the fringe trimming time and stay anvil, stay the determination of fringe and unbundlings sequence
The present invention is abutted against as follows, determine extra, fringe trimming the time and stay anvil, stay fringe and unbundlings sequence
(table 10).
10 extra, table, fringe trim the time and stay anvil, stay the influence of fringe and unbundlings sequence to coffee survival rate
Comparative example 1
Application No. is 201510127228.1 embodiment, 1 methods to be abutted against for reference, and test result is as follows:
Survival rate is 93%, and root activity and productivity are as follows:
Influence of the different grafting processing of table 11 to coffee root activity and productivity
Test result shows that engrafting method of the present invention, coffee is abutted against shoot survival percent height, and root activity, root dry weight, ground
The indexs such as portion's dry weight are significantly higher than being abutted against as a result, illustrating real using the present invention using 201510127228.1 embodiment, 1 method
The method for applying example 1 is conducive to later period Plantlet formation strong sprout, lays good basis for high yield, high-quality coffee, with higher
Application value.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of engrafting method for improving coffee seedling root production, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: Coffea canephora seedling and large seed coffee seedling being abutted against, the first formula is smeared at first interface
Liquid is 60mg/L NAA aqueous solution as root water using concentration, after first interface healing, obtains the double fringes of double joint by seedlings picking;Institute
State the aqueous solution for the 2,4-D that the first formula liquid is the NAA containing 10mg/L and 10mg/L;
Step 2: the double fringes of double joint being abutted against by seedlings picking with another plant of large seed coffee seedling, second is smeared at second interface and is matched
Square liquid obtains three after second interface healing as root water for the IBA aqueous solution of the NAA and 40mg/L of 40mg/L using concentration
Seedlings picking is leaned in root Sansui;The second formula liquid is the water-soluble of the KT of 2,4-D, 10mg/L of NAA, 10mg/L containing 10mg/L
Liquid;
Step 3: the fringe of seedlings picking large seed coffee is leaned in removal, and Coffea canephora root system is removed after 2~4 days, unbinds, obtains after 2~4 days
Seedlings picking is leaned on to double anvils.
2. engrafting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the period being abutted against described in step 1 is 4~May.
3. engrafting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that Coffea canephora seedling described in step 1 be 2~
3 monthly age Coffea canephora seedlings, the large seed coffee seedling are 3~4 monthly age large seed coffee seedlings.
4. engrafting method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that Coffea canephora seedling described in step 1 is 2 months
Age Coffea canephora seedling, the large seed coffee seedling are 3 monthly age large seed coffee seedlings.
5. engrafting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be abutted against described in step 1 are as follows: by Coffea canephora reality
It is longitudinal in the middle part of raw seedling and large seed coffee seedling stem to open long 1.8~2.2cm, the notch as deep as xylem, by 2 notch shapes
After stratification alignment, bandage is tightened.
6. engrafting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the seedling of large seed coffee described in step 2 be 3~
4 monthly age large seed coffee seedlings.
7. engrafting method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the seedling of large seed coffee described in step 2 is March
Age large seed coffee seedling.
8. engrafting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be abutted against described in step 2 are as follows: be abutted against the double fringes of double joint
Seedling opens long 1.8~2.2cm, the notch as deep as xylem with longitudinal in the middle part of another plant of large seed coffee seedling stem, and 2 are cut
After the alignment of degree of lip-rounding stratification, bandage is tightened.
9. engrafting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that during the double fringes of double joint by the interface of seedlings picking are in step 2
Opposite side below grain kind coffee seedling first interface.
10. engrafting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the time of the first interface healing is 15~25
It, the time of second interface healing is 15~25 days.
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CN112930995B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-08-02 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Double-root inarching method for relieving continuous cropping obstacle of field coffee |
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