CN110754234A - Low-position grafting method for kiwi fruits - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-position grafting method of kiwi fruits, which relates to the field of kiwi fruit planting and comprises the steps of ① cutting of stocks, cutting or sawing trunks of stocks to be grafted or modified to smooth and straight positions 5-10cm above the ground, ② cutting of the stocks, ③ cutting of scions, selecting full and plump branches and buds, reserving 1-2cm of protective piles above buds, cutting a wedge with the length of 2-3cm and smooth and straight sides below the buds, ④ inserting of the scions, ⑤ soil covering, ⑥ later-stage management and application of the scions in dormant period kiwi fruit grafting.

Description

Low-position grafting method for kiwi fruits

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of kiwi fruit planting, in particular to a low-position grafting method of kiwi fruit.

Background

Kiwi fruit is rich in nutrition and is called the King of fruit and the King of vitamin C. At present, the planting area of Chinese gooseberries in China is only about more than 300 ten thousand mu, wherein the standard base is less than 30 ten thousand mu, and the planting scale is greatly different from that of nearly 4000 ten thousand mu of each of oranges, apples, grapes and the like. Chinese kiwi fruit plants are various in variety, and the distribution range of planting areas is wide. In recent years, with the improvement of the cognitive degree of the consumers on the kiwi fruits, the kiwi fruits are developed rapidly and are outstanding in the first generation fruits, the second generation fruits, the third generation fruits, such as oranges, apples and grapes. Meanwhile, the kiwi fruits are more suitable for large-scale industrial development than third-generation fruits such as strawberries and blueberries due to the characteristics of storage resistance, unique flavor, rich nutrition and the like, and are representative fruits for converting traditional agriculture into modern agriculture.

The kiwi fruit planting cost is high, the technical requirement is high, but the market demand, particularly the demand of high-grade fruits is vigorous, the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent, the market price of the high-grade fruits is high, for example, the retail price of the first-grade fruits such as Jinyan, Jintao, Donghong and the like in a large supermarket reaches 10 yuan, and the huge market space also brings huge planting space demand. However, 60% of orchards developed in early stage in China are old varieties, market price is not high, and flavor quality cannot meet the expectation of consumers, so that many old orchards need to be upgraded with new varieties. Meanwhile, in newly developed orchards, because of improper early management, stocks of grafted seedlings are cultivated to be thick and strong, and scions are even cut off due to weak growth. Therefore, re-grafting is also required. The traditional grafting method is higher off the ground, and is bound by a grafting film, so that the survival of a grafting opening is influenced because the binding film is filled with sap in the case of spring hurting. Particularly, the grafting method which is really well done and has higher survival rate under the conditions of low temperature in winter in the north and unstable temperature in spring in mountain areas does not exist. Therefore, in this blank area, a practical grafting technology needs to be explored and researched for industrial development.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provide a low-position grafting method for kiwi fruits.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:

the particularity of the kiwi fruit conducting tissue is fully considered, under the management condition of a standard garden, by a method of directly covering soil after low-position grafting without binding a grafting film, the influence of bleeding damage and low-temperature butt joint scion healing can be avoided, the grafting survival rate is improved, the tree body is fast to form, and the yield of more than 40% of the full bearing period can be realized in the second year of grafting the big tree.

Method and device

Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

① cutting the stock, cutting or sawing the stock or stock trunk to be grafted or re-grafted to a smooth straight position 5-10cm above the ground;

② splitting the stock, namely splitting the stock with a grafting knife after the stock is cut, if the tree body is bigger, a plate knife is used, and if necessary, the grafting knife or the plate knife is left at the splitting opening of the stock so as to insert scions;

③ cutting scion, selecting full and plump branch bud, leaving 1-2cm protective pile above bud body, and cutting a smooth and straight wedge with length of 2-3cm at two sides below bud body;

④ cutting the scion, namely cutting the scion and then inserting the cut rootstock as soon as possible to align the cambium of the rootstock and the scion, simultaneously exposing the scion to a section of about 3mm, and taking out the grafting knife or the plate knife;

⑤ soil covering, namely immediately covering soil after the scion is inserted, covering the scion and the stock with moist fine soil, and covering with dry soil after the scion and the stock are completely covered;

⑥, performing later-stage management, namely after the steps are completed, inserting stems and binding tendrils when the scion sprouts and the soil is broken to about 20-30cm, simultaneously poking off the root neck part and covering the excess soil, and performing later-stage management such as soil, fertilizer, water, tree bodies, plant protection and the like to the conventional park;

the kiwi fruit seedlings are 3 years old in root system and above, and the thickness of the grafting opening is above 3 cm.

Second, application

The method is used for grafting kiwi fruits in the dormancy stage.

Third, the working mechanism

The method mainly considers the conditions that the kiwi fruit has developed transportation and conduction tissues, large proportion of thick guide pipes and serious bleeding in spring, achieves the purpose of rapidly dissipating redundant bleeding water by a method of grafting main stems close to the ground, covering soil after grafting without binding a grafting film, does not influence the healing of scions and stocks, improves the grafting survival rate, and has remarkable effect particularly on the grafting of big trees or thick kiwi fruit stocks; meanwhile, in cold northern areas, the temperature of the grafted part can be increased through earthing, the survival rate is increased, the tree body forming in the same year of grafting is realized, and the yield of the grafted trees reaches more than 40% of the yield in the second year.

The invention has the following advantages and positive effects:

① the operation is simple, the grafting film is not bound, the soil is directly covered;

② reducing the influence of wound flow and low temperature in winter, improving the survival rate of grafting, making the plants grow well after the survival of grafting, forming rapidly, and entering the full bearing period in advance;

③ is used for grafting kiwi fruit in dormancy stage, and under the management level of standard garden, the yield of big tree can reach more than 40% of the yield in full bearing stage in the second year.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of basic grafting steps;

FIG. 2 is a drawing of a scion inserted into a rootstock;

FIG. 3 shows the survival and soil breaking of the graft.

In the figure:

1-splitting the stock;

2-scion cutting;

3-inserting the scion into the stock;

4, covering soil and burying;

and 5, grafting survival and breaking soil.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:

method and device

1. Basic procedure

As shown in fig. 1, the basic steps are: splitting a stock 1, cutting a scion 2, inserting the scion into the stock 3, covering soil and burying 4, grafting survival and breaking soil to obtain 5.

2. Scion insertion stock

As shown in fig. 2, the scion-inserted rootstock is the rootstock which is immediately inserted into the scion after the scion is cut off, the cambium layers of the rootstock and the scion are aligned, and the scion is exposed out of a section of about 3 mm.

3. The survival of the grafting is broken by the soil

As shown in FIG. 3, the survival time of the graft is broken.

Second, example

Example 1:

changing a 'golden kiwi fruit' example to a 'Haiword' kiwi fruit grown in 12 years in Xixia county pathogenic village in winter;

A. cutting the rootstock: after dormancy in winter, sawing a 'Haiword' trunk to be changed to a smooth straight part 5-10cm above the ground;

B. splitting the rootstock: splitting the stock by using a board knife and a hammer, and leaving the board knife at one side of a splitting opening of the stock so as to insert the scion at the other side;

C. scion cutting: picking full and plump 'golden bright' kiwi fruit branches with full tissues, reserving a 1-2cm protective pile above a bud body for cutting off, and cutting a smooth and straight wedge with the length of 3cm on the left side and the right side below the bud body;

D. and (3) grafting scion: inserting the split stock immediately after the scion is cut, aligning the stock and a scion cambium, exposing a scion section of about 3mm, and taking out a plate cutter;

E. and (3) covering soil: immediately covering the scions and the stocks with relatively wet fine soil after the scions are inserted, and covering the scions and the stocks with dry soil to a thickness of 1-2cm after the scions and the stocks are completely covered;

F. and (4) post management: after the steps are completed, inserting stems and binding tendrils when the scion sprouts in spring and the broken soil grows to about 20-30cm, and simultaneously poking off the root neck part and covering the excess soil;

counting: the grafting survival rate is 93 percent; the later-period management of soil, water, fertilizer, tree bodies, plant protection and the like is the same as that of a conventional garden, the survival rate of the surviving plants in the current year is 98 percent, and the yield in the second year is 1430 jin/mu.

Example 2:

grafting a 'gold peach' example with a 4-year-old hybrid plant in the Youfangcun of Xixia county;

a. cutting the rootstock: after dormancy in winter, the trunk of the plant to be grafted is cut to a smooth and straight part 5-10cm above the ground;

b. splitting the rootstock: splitting the stock by using a board knife and a hammer, and leaving the board knife at one side of a splitting opening of the stock so as to insert the scion at the other side;

c. scion cutting: picking up full and plump 'gold peach' kiwi fruit branch buds with full tissues, reserving a 1-2cm protective pile above the bud body for cutting off, and cutting a smooth and straight wedge with the length of 3cm on the left side and the right side below the bud body;

d. and (3) grafting scion: inserting the split stock immediately after the scion is cut, aligning the stock and a scion cambium, exposing a scion section of about 3mm, and taking out a plate cutter;

e. and (3) covering soil: immediately covering the scions and the stocks with relatively wet fine soil after the scions are inserted, and covering the scions and the stocks with dry soil to a thickness of 1-2cm after the scions and the stocks are completely covered;

f. and (4) post management: after the steps are completed, inserting stems and binding tendrils when the scion sprouts in spring and the broken soil grows to about 20-30cm, and simultaneously poking off the root neck part and covering the excess soil;

counting: the grafting survival rate is 95 percent; the later period management of soil, fertilizer, water, tree bodies, plant protection and the like is the same as that of a conventional garden, the survival rate of the surviving plants in the current year is 98 percent, and the yield in the second year is 820 jin/mu.

Claims (2)

1. A low-position grafting method of kiwi fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps:

① cutting the stock, cutting or sawing the stock or stock trunk to be grafted or re-grafted to a smooth straight position 5-10cm above the ground;

② splitting the stock, namely splitting the stock with a grafting knife after the stock is cut, if the tree body is bigger, a plate knife is used, and if necessary, the grafting knife or the plate knife is left at the splitting opening of the stock so as to insert scions;

③ cutting scion, selecting full and plump branch bud, leaving 1-2cm protective pile above bud body, and cutting a smooth and straight wedge with length of 2-3cm at two sides below bud body;

④ cutting the scion, namely cutting the scion and then inserting the cut rootstock as soon as possible to align the cambium of the rootstock and the scion, simultaneously exposing the scion to a section of about 3mm, and taking out the grafting knife or the plate knife;

⑤ soil covering, namely immediately covering soil after the scion is inserted, covering the scion and the stock with moist fine soil, and covering with dry soil after the scion and the stock are completely covered;

⑥, performing later-stage management, namely after the steps are completed, inserting stems and binding tendrils when the scion sprouts and the soil is broken to about 20-30cm, simultaneously poking off the root neck part and covering the excess soil, and performing later-stage management such as soil, fertilizer, water, tree bodies, plant protection and the like to the conventional park;

the kiwi fruit seedlings are 3 years old in root system and above, and the thickness of the grafting opening is above 3 cm.

2. The application of the low grafting method of the kiwi fruit according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:

the method is used for grafting kiwi fruits in the dormancy stage.

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