CN110731280A - Artificial propagation method for Glyptosternum tergitum - Google Patents
Artificial propagation method for Glyptosternum tergitum Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial propagation method of Glyptosternum tergitum Hance, which comprises the following steps of (1) collecting wild parent fishes, (2) domesticating the wild parent fishes, (3) cultivating the parent fishes, (4) artificially hastening parturition, and (5) artificially hatching, wherein the parent fishes are cultivated by an artificial propagation method, and a large amount of experiments are carried out on the steps of collecting, domesticating and cultivating the parent fishes, so that an optimal propagation process is obtained, the domesticating survival rate of the parent fishes reaches 70-80%, technical support is provided for large-scale artificial propagation of Glyptosternum tergitum Hance, in addition, after artificial injection of medicaments is adopted for hastening parturition, the parent fishes are placed in an artificially-made wild-simulated habitat environment, a very good environment is provided for natural spawning of the parent fishes, the fertilization rate of fish eggs is guaranteed, artificial propagation failure caused by the fact that male fishes are not seminiferous is prevented, and the spawning rate is 70-75%, 70-90%, and the fertilization rate is 70-80%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to an artificial propagation method of Glyptosternum tergitum Regans.
Background
Glyptosternum tergitans (school name: Glyptothorax sinense) is a peculiar species of China, is known to be distributed in Glyptosternum tergitans of Glyptosternaceae, is a characteristic species of China, is distributed in Gansu river and upstream lower stream of Yangtze river, is distributed in Gansu, Shaanxi, Hunan and other provinces, is long in body shape, wide and flat in head, slightly flat in back, wide in mouth, lower, and transversely fissured, has small papillary protrusions in upper lip, thin and smooth in lower lip, has circular small teeth arranged in a band with small eyes, is located above the middle of head, has a skin membrane covering the eyes, is close to anterior and posterior nares, and is close to the osculating end, 4 pairs of short nasal whiskers, short in end, and less in end, 1 pair of longest maxillary whiskers, flat and thin in base, thin in end, reaches the base of the posterior mandible, 2 pairs of mandibular fins, short in outer side, short in end, approximately half-mouthpieces of the maxillary whiskers, 1 pair of longest fins, flat and thin in the base, thin in the end, thin in the tail, thin, the posterior aspect, the dorsal fin of the dorsal fin, has a black, has a long, black, white dorsal and black, yellow, black, yellow.
At present, Glyptosternum tergitum Hance is rarely cultivated in China due to immature artificial propagation technology, especially, cases of mature cultivation and successful artificial induced spawning propagation in a circulating water system are not reported, the main reasons are that parent fish are small ( mature individuals are only 5-10 g), the brood amount is small (average brood amount is 50-100), sperms of male fish are few, the species is catiformes, the sperms are difficult to extrude, the sperms cannot be obtained even if the male fish is killed, the fertilization rate is low or the sperms cannot be completely removed due to the small sperms in artificial insemination, so that the artificial propagation fails, and the Glyptosternum tergitum Hance is the important reason for incapable of large-scale production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an artificial propagation method of Glyptosternum tergitans Hance, which is simple and convenient to operate, can realize the domestication and large-scale artificial propagation of wild Glyptosternum tergitum Hance, and promotes the development of the culture industry of Glyptosternum tergitum Hance, thereby achieving the purpose of effectively protecting the wild resource of Glyptosternum tergitum Hance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an artificial propagation method of Glyptosternum tergitum Hance comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting wild parent fish:
2-4 months, putting the collected wild Glyptosternum sternum schlegelii and an oxygen bag into a culture tank with the water temperature of 13-20 ℃, performing water temperature transition for 30 minutes, then screening parent fish with strong physique, no injury or light injury, soaking the parent fish for 20-30 minutes by using a penicillin aqueous solution or soaking the parent fish for 5-10 minutes by using a potassium permanganate solution, wherein the penicillin aqueous solution contains 20 ten thousand IU of penicillin per kilogram of water, and the potassium permanganate solution contains 5-10mg of potassium permanganate per kilogram of water, and no feed is added during the period;
(2) domesticating wild parent fishes:
feeding live fresh tubificidae 5-7 days later, wherein the initial daily feeding amount is 0.3% of the weight of the fish body, the feeding amount is gradually increased according to the ingestion condition, the feeding amount is increased to 3% of the weight of the fish body after 25-30 days, the normal ingestion is achieved when the food intake of the parent fish is kept at 3%, and a small amount of artificial feed is matched at the moment, wherein the initial matching proportion is that the tubificidae accounts for 80% of the daily feeding amount, the artificial feed accounts for 20% of the daily feeding amount, the feeding amount of the tubificidae is reduced after weeks, the feeding amount of the artificial feed is increased, the artificial feed accounts for 50% of the daily feeding amount after 25-30 days, the feed proportion of the tubificidae accounts for 50% of the daily feeding amount, the daily feeding total amount is 2-3% of the weight of the fish body, and the artificial feed is a soft-shelled turtle feed (or eel feed) with the protein content more than 40%;
(3) parent fish breeding:
A. selecting domesticated wild Glyptosternum termes Regans as parent fish without hurting body surface and with the weight of 6-15g, and carrying out daily cultivation;
B. putting parent fish into a circulating water culture system for culturing, wherein the culture density is less than or equal to 2kg/m3Controlling the water inflow of parent fish pond to be 0.6-1.2L/s, culturingThe pH value of the breeding water is 7.5-8.2, the dissolved oxygen is 5-10mg/L, the water temperature is 13-25 ℃, the breeding water is fed with feed accounting for 2-3% of the weight of the parent fish every day, the breeding water is fed twice every day, the feed is a soft-shelled turtle feed (or eel feed) with the protein content being more than 40% and a tubificidae live bait, and the feed and the soft-shelled turtle feed respectively account for 50% of the daily feeding amount; the daily cultivation time is 10-12 months, in the daily cultivation process, besides enhancing nutrition management, enhancing water flushing, dirt absorption and pollution discharge management, ensuring sufficient dissolved oxygen, periodically detecting water temperature and water quality, and periodically performing daily management of drug disease prevention;
C. selecting Glyptosternum tergitum Hance with no disease, no injury and no deformity as parent fish for breeding in the second 2-3 months, putting the parent fish into parent fish breeding tank for intensive breeding with initial breeding density not more than 1kg/m3The water inflow of the parent fish breeding tank is 1-1.5L/s, the pH of water for strengthening breeding is 7.5-8.2, the dissolved oxygen is 5-10mg/L, the water temperature is 17-23 ℃, feed accounting for 2-4% of the weight of parent fish is fed every day, the feed is fed three times every day, the tubificidae in the feed accounts for 80% of the daily feeding amount, and the artificial compound feed soft-shelled turtle feed (or eel feed) with the protein content of more than 40% accounts for 20% of the daily feeding amount, wherein PVC pipes with the length of 20-30cm are placed in the breeding tank for hiding the parent fish, and the diameter of the PVC pipes is between 50-100 mm;
(4) artificial hastening parturition:
A. selecting mature parent fish, namely observing the activity and ingestion condition of the parent fish when the water temperature reaches more than 20 ℃ in the early 5-5 middle ten days of the next year, finding that the ingestion of the parent fish is obviously reduced, fishing up the parent fish by using a landing net for inspection when mutual chasing phenomena are accompanied, wherein the abdomen of the mature female fish is enlarged, the anus is reddish, 1-2 fish eggs can be extruded out mostly by lightly pressing the abdomen with hands, the male fish is grown, the abdomen is not enlarged, and then the well-developed male fish can be selected for induced spawning propagation, wherein the ratio of the number of the female fish to the male fish is 1: 2-3;
B. putting the selected male and female parent fishes into a rectangular incubation tank with mouths for water flushing stimulation;
C. the induction of labor adopts needle injection method, the induction time of each batch is arranged in the daytime, namely the induction of labor agent solution is injected at about 10 am,the method comprises the steps of enabling parent fish to finish spawning and fertilization at night and before brightness, wherein the injection dosage is 10ml per kg of female fish, the injection dosage is 2/3 of male fish, the injection part is the pectoral fin basal part of the parent fish, the oxytocic is a mixture of three medicines, namely an oxytocic A, an oxytocic B and an oxytocic C, the oxytocic A is any of carp Pituitary Gland (PG) and maleicolone (DOM), and the oxytocic B is a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue A2(LRH-A2) Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue A3(LRH-A3) kinds of the oxytocin solution, the oxytocin C is chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), the preparation method of the oxytocin solution is that 8-12mg of the oxytocin A, 15-25 mug of the oxytocin B and 1000-2000IU of the oxytocin are added into every 10ml of normal saline and evenly mixed;
D. putting the parent fish injected with the oxytocic into an oxytocic pool, enabling the parent fish to share the same pool, placing PVC pipes with the length of 20-30cm in a culture tank for hiding the parent fish, wherein the diameter of each PVC pipe is 50-100mm, simultaneously increasing running water stimulation to enable the parent fish to naturally adopt eggs for fertilization;
(5) artificial incubation:
the hatching density of the fertilized eggs in the hatching frame or the hatching tank is 1-2 ten thousand eggs/m2The water inflow is 0.05-0.2L/s, the dissolved oxygen of water is more than 6mg/L, the pH value is 7.5-7.9, and the incubation water temperature is 20-24 ℃; after 7-10 days, the air bladder is inflated and transferred into a fry rearing tank or a net cage for rearing.
Preferably: and (3) after the parent fish finishes spawning, carrying out rehabilitation nursing on the postpartum Glyptosternum tergitum maculatum parent fish, and injecting gentamicin sulfate or penicillin for 1-2 times, wherein the injection dosage per kilogram of fish bodies is 5000 international units of gentamicin sulfate 4000-.
Preferably: soaking the parent fish of Glyptosternum ternum Hance after egg laying in 0.2-0.3ppm Saprolegnia parasitica or 2-4ppm Galla chinensis powder for 8-12 hr.
Preferably: in the step (4), before the fertilized eggs enter the incubator, the hatching frame or the hatching tank is soaked in potassium permanganate with the concentration of 10-20ppm for more than 30 minutes.
Preferably: the above-mentionedIn the step (3), the circulating water system is provided with 2 water inlet pumps, 2 water return pumps for 1 time and 2 water return pumps for 2 times, 2 oxygen increasing fans, 1 set of roller filter, 1 set of biological filter, 1 ultraviolet sterilizer, 30-opening circular cultivation tank with the diameter of 1 meter, 24-opening circular cultivation tank with the diameter of 2 meters and 2 sets of cooling and heating units, a closed internal circulating water cultivation mode is implemented, the circulating water volume of the system is 10 times/day, and the water supplement volume is 18m3Day/day.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
in the prior art, the Glyptosternum terdonii Hance is small in size and is a species of order silurus, a male fish spermary is a branched spermary, semen cannot be extruded basically, the amount of the semen obtained by grinding the spermary is very small, and the insemination after the semen is obtained manually cannot be realized; in addition, the wild parent fish of Glyptosternum tergitum Hance are scattered everywhere, and a large amount of fry are difficult to collect. Based on the two defects, the invention firstly adopts an artificial propagation method to cultivate the parent fish, and carries out a large amount of experiments on each step in the collection, domestication and cultivation of the parent fish, thereby obtaining the optimal propagation process method, wherein the domestication survival rate of the parent fish reaches 70-80%, and the invention provides technical support for the large-scale artificial propagation of the Glyptosternum tersimply Merrill; in addition, the artificial spawning induction method is adopted, and the natural spawning fertilization is carried out in a natural state, so that the artificial breeding method provides a very good environment for the natural spawning fertilization of parent fishes, ensures the fertilization rate of fish eggs, prevents the artificial breeding failure caused by the spermless of male fishes, and has the spawning induction rate of 70-75%, the fertilization rate of 70-90% and the hatching rate of 70-80%.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
an artificial propagation method of Glyptosternum tergitum Hance comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting wild parent fish:
more than 1000 wild Glyptosternum tergitum Regans collected in Jinshajiang water areas in Panzhihua flowers in Sichuan are transported to a circulating water system in a fish proliferation station of a Thangyangtao hydropower station for temporary culture, water temperature transition is carried out after the water temperature transition is finished, namely the collected wild Glyptosternum tergitum Regans and an oxygen bag are placed into a culture tank with the water temperature of 18 ℃ for 30 minutes, then, healthy and non-wounded or slightly-wounded parent fish are screened, and the parent fish are soaked for 25 minutes by using a penicillin aqueous solution to prevent bacterial infection and water mold breeding, wherein the penicillin aqueous solution contains 20 ten thousand IU of penicillin per kilogram of water, and no feed is fed in the period;
(2) domesticating wild parent fishes:
5 days later, feeding is started after wounds and activities of fish bodies recover to be normal, live fresh tubificidae is fed at the beginning, the initial daily feeding amount is 0.3 percent of the weight of the fish bodies, then the feeding amount is gradually increased according to the ingestion condition, the feeding amount is increased to 3 percent of the weight of the fish bodies after 25 days, the parent fish eating amount is kept at 3 percent and normal ingestion is achieved, a small amount of artificial feed is matched at the moment, the initial matching proportion is that the tubificidae accounts for 80 percent of the daily feeding amount, the artificial feed accounts for 20 percent of the daily feeding amount, the feeding amount of the tubificidae is reduced after weeks, the feeding amount of the artificial feed is increased, the artificial feed accounts for 50 percent of the daily feeding amount after 30 days, the total daily feeding amount is 2.5 percent of the weight of the fish bodies, and the artificial feed is a first fish feed or eel feed with the protein content more than 40 percent;
(3) parent fish breeding:
A. selecting 900 domesticated wild Glyptosternum tergitum Regelii with body surface free from damage and body weight of 6-10g as parent fish after the fish body is completely recovered and successfully transfuses and normal ingestion, and carrying out daily cultivation;
B. putting parent fish into a 1 m circular parent fish culture tank of a circulating water culture system for culture, wherein the culture density is less than or equal to 2kg/m3Controlling the water inflow of the parent fish pond to be 0.8L/s, feeding feed accounting for 2.5 percent of the weight of the parent fish twice a day at 9 am and 5 pm respectively by controlling the pH of the breeding water to be 7.7, the dissolved oxygen to be 5-10mg/L and the water temperature to be 20 ℃, wherein the feed is a first fish feed or an eel feed and a tubificidae live bait with the protein content of more than 40 percent and respectively accounts for 50 percent of the daily feeding amount; the daily cultivation time is 11 months, and the reinforced nutrient tubes are removed in the daily cultivation processBesides, the management of flushing, dirt absorption and pollution discharge is enhanced, sufficient dissolved oxygen is ensured, the water temperature and the water quality are detected periodically, and daily management of disease prevention by medicines is performed periodically; the survival rate reaches 75 percent after the examination of 4 months in the next year, the survival rate is about 760 tails (the number of tails of the survival parent fish/the number of tails of the wild parent fish collected);
C. selecting disease-free, injury-free and malformation-free Glyptosternum terdonii as parent fish for breeding at 3 months early in the next year, wherein the weights of female and male fish are 8-12 g/tail, and the weight of female fish is 6-10 g/tail, and putting the parent fish into a parent fish breeding tank for intensive breeding, wherein the initial breeding density is less than or equal to 1kg/m3The water inflow of the parent fish culture pond is 1.2L/s, the pH of water for strengthening culture is 7.5-7.8, the dissolved oxygen is 5-10mg/L, the water temperature is about 20 ℃, feed accounting for 3 percent of the weight of parent fish is fed every day and is fed three times every day, the tubificidae in the feed accounts for 80 percent of the daily feeding amount, and the artificial compound feed material A fish material or eel material with the protein content more than 40 percent accounts for 20 percent of the daily feeding amount, wherein PVC pipes with the length of 20-30cm are placed in a culture tank for hiding the parent fish, and the diameter of the PVC pipes is between 50-100 mm;
(4) artificial hastening parturition:
A. selecting mature parent fish, namely observing the activity and ingestion condition of the parent fish when the water temperature reaches more than 20 ℃ in the early 5 months of the next year, finding that the ingestion of the parent fish is obviously reduced, and fishing the parent fish with a brail to check when the water temperature is more than 20 ℃, ① sex mature female fish, namely, taking the female fish upwards slightly out of the water, obviously seeing the outline of an ovary on two sides and protruding an anus , lightly pressing the abdomen with hands, being soft and elastic and being capable of extruding 1-2 fish eggs, ② sex mature male fish, namely, the abdomen is flat and the anus has smaller reproductive process, and selecting 210 tails of mature parent fish with better development in 5 months 18, namely 70 tails of female fish and 140 tails of male fish, wherein the ratio of male to female is 1: 2;
B. putting the selected male and female parent fishes into a rectangular hatching tank with mouths for water flushing stimulation, disinfecting a hatching frame for hatching fertilized eggs by using a potassium permanganate liquid medicine with the concentration of 20ppm for 15 minutes, cleaning by using water, and airing;
C. the induced spawning adopts needle injection method, and the induced spawning time of each batch is scheduled to be carried out in the daytime, namely 10 amInjecting oxytocic solution from left to right to make parent fish complete oviposition and fertilization from night to day before the injection dosage is 10ml for each kg of female fish, 2/3 for male fish and the injection position is the base of pectoral fin of parent fish; the oxytocic is a mixture of an oxytocic A, an oxytocic B and an oxytocic C; the oxytocic A is carp Pituitary (PG); the oxytocic B is a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue A2(LRH-A2) (ii) a Oxytocin C is chorionic gonadotropin (HCG); the preparation method of the oxytocin solution comprises the following steps: adding 10mg of an oxytocic A, 20 mu g of an oxytocic B and 1500IU into every 10ml of normal saline, and uniformly mixing;
D. the parent fish injected with the oxytocic is placed in an oxytocic pool, the male and the female are in the same pool, PVC pipes with the length of 20-30cm are placed in a culture tank and used for hiding the parent fish, the diameter of each PVC pipe is 50-100mm, meanwhile, running water stimulation is increased, so that the parent fish naturally adopts eggs and fertilizes the parent fish;
(5) artificial incubation:
soaking and sterilizing an incubator by using potassium permanganate with the concentration of 15ppm for 30 minutes, then thoroughly cleaning the incubator by using clear water and adding water, then transferring 3500 roes produced by the parent fish into 1 incubation frame for incubation, wherein the incubation frame is rectangular, the specification is that the length, the width and the height are 0.6, 0.4 and 0.3m, and the incubation density of the fertilized eggs in the incubation frame is 1.46 ten thousand roes/m2The hatching frame is drenched from the upper part, the water inflow is 0.05L/s, the water dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L, the pH value is 7.5-7.9, and the hatching water temperature is about 21 ℃; after 24 hours, the fish reaches the midgut, about 200 fish eggs are randomly fished out for fertilization rate statistics, the fertilization rate is 140 fish eggs, and the fertilization rate is 70% (the number of the fertilized eggs/the number of the obtained eggs)%; after 68 hours of hatching, the fry begins to come off the membrane, and after about 8 days of hatching, all the waist points of the fry come out completely, the fry is transferred to a water bloom cultivation stage and counted, and the fry appears 1838 in total, and the hatching rate is 75% (the number of emerged fry/the number of fertilized eggs).
The experimental result shows that the culture survival rate of the Glyptosternum tergitum Hance in a circulating water system is about 75%, the induced spawning rate reaches 71%, the fertilization rate reaches 70%, and the hatching rate reaches 75%.
Example 2:
an artificial propagation method of Glyptosternum tergitum Hance comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting wild parent fish:
2 month, transporting more than 1500 wild Glyptosternum glyptosum in a net catching manner in a water area of a big river of the Leshan mountain to a circulating water system in a fish proliferation station of an valley hydropower station of Shengda hydropower Limited company of China hydropower construction group for temporary culture, and performing water temperature transition after the station arrives, namely placing the collected wild Glyptosternum glyptosum and an oxygen bag into a culture tank with the water temperature of 16 ℃ for 30 minutes, then screening parent fish with strong physique, no injury or light injury, soaking the parent fish for 25 minutes by using 200ppm of penicillin aqueous solution to prevent bacterial infection and water mold breeding, wherein the IU aqueous solution contains 20 ten thousand of penicillin per kilogram of water, and no feed is added during the period;
(2) domesticating wild parent fishes:
after 7 days, feeding is started after wounds and activities of fish bodies recover to be normal, feeding of live fresh tubificidae is started, the initial daily feeding amount is 0.3% of the weight of the fish bodies, then the feeding amount is gradually increased according to the ingestion condition, the feeding amount is increased to 3% of the weight of the fish bodies after 30 days, normal ingestion is achieved when the parent fish ingestion amount is kept at 3%, a small amount of artificial feed is matched, the initial matching proportion is that the tubificidae accounts for 80% of the daily feeding amount, the artificial feed accounts for 20% of the daily feeding amount, the feeding amount of the tubificidae is reduced after weeks, the feeding amount of the artificial feed is increased, the artificial feed accounts for 50% of the daily feeding amount after 30 days, the total daily feeding amount is 2.5% of the weight of the fish bodies, and the artificial feed is a first fish feed or eel feed with the protein content more than 40%;
(3) parent fish breeding:
A. selecting 1260 domesticated wild Glyptosternum tergitum Regelii with no damage to body surface and weight of 6-10g as parent fish, and performing daily cultivation;
B. 1 m round parent fish is put into a circulating water culture systemCulturing in fish culture tank with culture density of less than or equal to 2kg/m3Controlling the water inflow of the parent fish pond to be 0.7L/s, feeding feed accounting for 2.5 percent of the weight of the parent fish twice a day at 9 am and 5 pm respectively by controlling the pH of the breeding water to be 7.7, the dissolved oxygen to be 5-10mg/L and the water temperature to be 20 ℃, wherein the feed is a first fish feed or an eel feed and a tubificidae live bait with the protein content of more than 40 percent and respectively accounts for 50 percent of the daily feeding amount; the daily cultivation time is 12 months, in the daily cultivation process, besides enhancing nutrition management, enhancing water flushing, dirt absorption and pollution discharge management, ensuring sufficient dissolved oxygen, periodically detecting water temperature and water quality, and periodically performing daily management of medicament prevention diseases; checking for 4 months in the next year, wherein the survival rate is about 1130 tails and the survival rate is about 75.3% (the number of tails of the survival parent fish/the number of tails of the wild parent fish);
C. selecting disease-free, injury-free and deformity-free Glyptosternum tergitans as parent fish for breeding in the middle of 2 months in the next year, wherein the weights of female and male fish are 8-15 g/tail, and the weight of female fish is 6-10 g/tail, and putting the parent fish into a parent fish breeding tank for intensive breeding, wherein the initial breeding density is less than or equal to 1kg/m3The water inflow of the parent fish culture pond is 1.2L/s, the pH of water for strengthening culture is 7.5-7.8, the dissolved oxygen is 5-10mg/L, the water temperature is about 20 ℃, feed accounting for 3 percent of the weight of parent fish is fed every day and is fed three times every day, the tubificidae in the feed accounts for 80 percent of the daily feeding amount, and the artificial compound feed material A fish material or eel material with the protein content more than 40 percent accounts for 20 percent of the daily feeding amount, wherein PVC pipes with the length of 20-30cm are placed in a culture tank for hiding the parent fish, and the diameter of the PVC pipes is between 50-100 mm;
(4) artificial hastening parturition:
A. the mature parent fish is selected by observing the activity and ingestion condition of the parent fish when the water temperature reaches more than 20 ℃ in the early 5 months of the next year, finding that the ingestion of the parent fish is obviously reduced, and fishing the parent fish with a landing net for inspection when the parent fish catches up with a mutual chasing phenomenon, wherein the inspection method comprises ① sex mature female fish, namely, the female fish is upwards and slightly exposed out of the water, the outline of an ovary is obviously seen on two sides, the anus protrudes, then the belly is lightly pressed by hands, the sex mature male fish is soft and elastic and can extrude 1-2 fish eggs per week, ② sex mature male fish is flat on the belly, the anus has smaller reproductive protrusion, 360 tails of the mature parent fish with better development, namely 110 tails of the female fish, 250 tails of the male fish and the ratio is 1:2.3 in the 5 months 25;
B. putting the selected male and female parent fishes into a rectangular hatching tank with mouths for water flushing stimulation, disinfecting a hatching frame for hatching fertilized eggs by using a potassium permanganate liquid medicine with the concentration of 20ppm for 30 minutes, cleaning by using water, and airing;
C. the oxytocic is prepared by -needle injection, wherein the oxytocic solution is injected at about 10 am, so that the parent fish can complete oviposition and fertilization from night to day before, the injection dosage is 10ml per kg of fish body of female fish, the dosage of male fish is 2/3 of female fish, the injection part is the pectoral fin basal part of parent fish, the oxytocic is a mixture of oxytocic A, oxytocic B and oxytocic, the oxytocic A is carp Pituitary (PG), and the oxytocic B is a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue A2(LRH-A2) (ii) a Oxytocin C is chorionic gonadotropin (HCG); the preparation method of the oxytocin solution comprises the following steps: adding 10mg of an oxytocic A, 22 mu g of an oxytocic B and 1200 g of an oxytocic C1200IU into every 10ml of normal saline, and uniformly mixing;
D. the parent fish injected with the oxytocic is placed in an oxytocic pool, a male fish and a female fish are in the same pool, PVC pipes with the length of 20-30cm are placed in a culture tank and used for hiding the parent fish, the diameter of each PVC pipe is 50-100mm, meanwhile, running water stimulation is increased, the parent fish is fertilized by naturally adopting eggs, the next day, the parent fish is observed to basically complete spawning, the parent fish is transferred into a postpartum culture pool for postpartum care, statistics is carried out, 85 female fish spawn, the spawning rate is 77.3 percent (the tail number of the spawning female fish/the tail number of the spawning female fish), and about 6800 eggs are obtained;
(5) artificial incubation:
soaking and sterilizing an incubator by using potassium permanganate with the concentration of 15ppm for 30 minutes, then thoroughly cleaning the incubator by using clear water and adding water, then transferring 6800 eggs produced by the parent fish into 2 incubation frames for incubation, wherein the incubation frames are rectangular, the specification is that the length, the width and the height are 0.6, 0.4 and 0.3m, and the incubation density of fertilized eggs in the incubation frames is 1.42 ten thousand eggs/m2The hatching frame is drenched from the upper part, the water inflow is 0.05L/s, the dissolved oxygen of the water body is more than 6mg/L,the pH value is 7.5-7.9, and the hatching water temperature is about 21 ℃; after 26 hours, reaching the midgut, randomly fishing about 200 fish eggs, and counting the fertilization rate, wherein the fertilization rate is 73.5% (the number of fertilized eggs/the total number of obtained eggs); after 72 hours of hatching, the fry begins to come off the membrane, and after 8 days or so, all waist points of the fry come out completely, the fry is transferred to a water bloom cultivation stage and counted, 3900 fries are emerged in total, and the hatching rate is 78% (the number of the seedlings emerging/the total number of fertilized eggs).
The experimental result shows that the domestication survival rate of the Glyptosternum tergitum Hance in a circulating water system is about 75.3 percent, the oxytocic rate reaches 77.3 percent, the fertilization rate is 73.5 percent, and the hatching rate is 78 percent.
Example 3:
an artificial propagation method of Glyptosternum tergitum Hance comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting wild parent fish:
2, transporting a plurality of wild Glyptosternum tergitum 2200 collected in the Jinshajiang water area in the Panzhihua river in Sichuan climbing flowers in a net catching mode to a circulating water system in a fish proliferation station of a Thangyangton hydropower station for temporary culture, and performing water temperature transition after arrival, namely putting the collected wild Glyptosternum tergitum and an oxygen bag into a culture tank with the water temperature of 18 ℃ for 30 minutes, then screening parent fish which are strong in physique, free of damage or light in damage, and soaking the parent fish for 10 minutes by using 5ppm of potassium permanganate to prevent bacterial infection and water mold breeding, wherein no feed is added in the period;
(2) domesticating wild parent fishes:
after 7 days, feeding is started after wounds and activities of fish bodies recover to be normal, feeding of live fresh tubificidae is started, the initial daily feeding amount is 0.3% of the weight of the fish bodies, then the feeding amount is gradually increased according to the ingestion condition, the feeding amount is increased to 3% of the weight of the fish bodies after 30 days, normal ingestion is achieved when the parent fish ingestion amount is kept at 3%, a small amount of artificial feed is matched, the initial matching proportion is that the tubificidae accounts for 80% of the daily feeding amount, the artificial feed accounts for 20% of the daily feeding amount, the feeding amount of the tubificidae is reduced after weeks, the feeding amount of the artificial feed is increased, the artificial feed accounts for 50% of the daily feeding amount after 30 days, the total daily feeding amount is 2.5% of the weight of the fish bodies, and the artificial feed is a first fish feed or eel feed with the protein content more than 40%;
(3) parent fish breeding:
A. selecting 1980 domesticated wild Glyptosternum tergitans as parent fish after the fish is completely recovered and successfully transfuses and normal ingestion, and performing daily cultivation;
B. putting parent fish into a 1 m circular parent fish culture tank of a circulating water culture system for culture, wherein the culture density is less than or equal to 2kg/m3Controlling the water inflow of the parent fish pond to be 0.7L/s, feeding feed accounting for 2.5 percent of the weight of the parent fish twice a day at 9 am and 5 pm respectively by controlling the pH of the breeding water to be 7.7, the dissolved oxygen to be 5-10mg/L and the water temperature to be 20 ℃, wherein the feed is a first fish feed or an eel feed and a tubificidae live bait with the protein content of more than 40 percent and respectively accounts for 50 percent of the daily feeding amount; the daily cultivation time is 12 months, in the daily cultivation process, besides enhancing nutrition management, enhancing water flushing, dirt absorption and pollution discharge management, ensuring sufficient dissolved oxygen, periodically detecting water temperature and water quality, and periodically performing daily management of medicament prevention diseases; checking for 4 months in the next year, wherein the survival rate is about 1760 tails and the survival rate is about 80 percent (the tail number of the survival parent fish/the tail number of the wild parent fish);
C. selecting disease-free, injury-free and deformity-free Glyptosternum terdonii as parent fish for breeding at early 3 months, wherein the weights of female and male fish are 8-15 g/tail, and the weight of female fish is 6-10 g/tail, and putting the parent fish into a parent fish breeding tank for intensive breeding, wherein the initial breeding density is less than or equal to 1kg/m3The water inflow of the parent fish culture pond is 1.2L/s, the pH of water for strengthening culture is 7.5-7.8, the dissolved oxygen is 5-10mg/L, the water temperature is about 20 ℃, feed accounting for 3 percent of the weight of parent fish is fed every day and is fed three times every day, the tubificidae in the feed accounts for 80 percent of the daily feeding amount, and the artificial compound feed material A fish material or eel material with the protein content more than 40 percent accounts for 20 percent of the daily feeding amount, wherein PVC pipes with the length of 20-30cm are placed in a culture tank for hiding the parent fish, and the diameter of the PVC pipes is between 50-100 mm;
(4) artificial hastening parturition:
A. mature parent fish is selected, when the water temperature reaches more than 20 ℃ in the early 5 months of the next year, the activity and ingestion condition of the parent fish are observed, the ingestion of the parent fish is obviously reduced, and the parent fish is picked up by a landing net for inspection when the mutual chasing phenomenon is accompanied, the inspection is carried out for 2 times per week, the inspection method comprises ① sex mature female fish, namely, the female fish is upwards and slightly exposed to the water, the outline of an ovary is obviously seen on two sides, the anus is protruded, then the abdomen is lightly pressed by hands, the sex mature male fish is soft and elastic and can extrude 1-2 fish eggs, ② sex mature male fish is flat in the abdomen, the anus has smaller reproductive protrusion, and 400 tails of mature parent fish with better development, namely 100 tails of female fish, 300 tails of male fish, the ratio of female to male is 1:3 are selected in the 20 months of the next year;
B. putting the selected male and female parent fishes into a rectangular hatching tank with mouths for water flushing stimulation, disinfecting a hatching frame for hatching fertilized eggs by using a potassium permanganate liquid medicine with the concentration of 20ppm for 30 minutes, cleaning by using water, and airing;
C. the oxytocic is prepared by adopting an -needle injection method, wherein the oxytocic solution is injected at about 10 am at the daytime, so that the parent fish can finish oviposition and fertilization from night to day before, the injection dosage is 10ml per kg of fish body of female fish, the dosage of male fish is 2/3 of female fish, the injection part is the pectoral fin basal part of the parent fish, the oxytocic is a mixture of oxytocic A, oxytocic B and oxytocic, the oxytocic A is maleopidone (DOM), and the oxytocic B is a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue A3(LRH-A3) (ii) a Oxytocin C is chorionic gonadotropin (HCG); the preparation method of the oxytocin solution comprises the following steps: adding 12mg of an oxytocic A, 25 mug of an oxytocic B and 2000IU of an oxytocic C into every 10ml of normal saline, and uniformly mixing;
D. the parent fish injected with the oxytocic is placed in an oxytocic pool, a male fish and a female fish are in the same pool, PVC pipes with the length of 20-30cm are placed in a culture tank and used for hiding the parent fish, the diameter of each PVC pipe is 50-100mm, meanwhile, running water stimulation is increased, the parent fish is fertilized by naturally adopting eggs, the next day, the parent fish is observed to basically complete spawning, the parent fish is transferred into a postpartum culture pool for postpartum care, statistics is carried out, 75 female fish spawn, the spawning rate is 75% (the tail number of the spawning female fish/the tail number of the spawning female fish), and about 5200 eggs are obtained;
(5) artificial incubation:
soaking and sterilizing an incubator by using potassium permanganate with the concentration of 20ppm for 30 minutes, then thoroughly cleaning the incubator by using clear water and adding water, then transferring 5200 eggs laid by the parent fishes into 2 incubation frames for incubation, wherein the incubation frames are rectangular, the specification is that the length, the width and the height are 0.6, 0.4 and 0.3m, and the incubation density of the fertilized eggs in the incubation frames is 1.08 ten thousand eggs/m2The hatching frame is drenched from the upper part, the water inflow is 0.05L/s, the water dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L, the pH value is 7.5-7.9, and the hatching water temperature is about 21 ℃; after 24 hours, reaching the midgut, randomly fishing about 200 fish eggs for fertilization rate statistics, wherein the fertilization rate is 80% (the number of fertilized eggs/the total number of obtained eggs); after 72 hours of hatching, the fry begins to come off the membrane, and after 8 days of hatching, all the waist points of the fry come out completely, the fry is transferred to a water bloom cultivation stage, and counting is carried out, so that 31200 tails of seedlings emerge altogether, and the hatching rate is 75% (the number of seedlings/the total number of fertilized eggs).
The experimental result shows that the culture survival rate of the Glyptosternum tergitum Hance in a circulating water system is about 80%, the induced spawning rate reaches 75%, the fertilization rate reaches 80%, and the hatching rate reaches 75%.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, the present embodiment is therefore to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in all respects at , the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment contains independent technical solutions, and such description of the description is only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the description as as a whole, and the technical solutions in the respective embodiments may be combined appropriately to form other embodiments that those skilled in the art can understand.
Claims (5)
1, A method for artificially propagating Glyptosternum tergitum Hance, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting wild parent fish:
2-4 months, putting the collected wild Glyptosternum sternum schlegelii and an oxygen bag into a culture tank with the water temperature of 13-20 ℃, performing water temperature transition for 30 minutes, then screening parent fish with strong physique, no injury or light injury, soaking the parent fish for 20-30 minutes by using a penicillin aqueous solution or soaking the parent fish for 5-10 minutes by using a potassium permanganate solution, wherein the penicillin aqueous solution contains 20 ten thousand IU of penicillin per kilogram of water, and the potassium permanganate solution contains 5-10mg of potassium permanganate per kilogram of water, and no feed is added during the period;
(2) domesticating wild parent fishes:
feeding live fresh tubificidae 5-7 days later, wherein the feeding amount is 0.3% of the weight of the fish body in the initial day, then gradually increasing the feeding amount according to the ingestion condition, the feeding amount is increased to 3% of the weight of the fish body after 25-30 days, the normal ingestion is achieved when the food intake of the parent fish is kept at 3%, and a small amount of artificial feed is matched at the moment, wherein the initial matching proportion is that the tubificidae accounts for 80% of the daily feeding amount, the artificial feed accounts for 20% of the daily feeding amount, the feeding amount of the tubificidae is reduced after weeks, the feeding amount of the artificial feed is increased, the artificial feed accounts for 50% of the daily feeding amount after 25-30 days, the tubificidae accounts for 50% of the feed, the total daily feeding amount is 2-3% of the weight of the fish body, and the artificial feed is a soft-shelled turtle feed or eel feed with the protein content more than 40%;
(3) parent fish breeding:
A. selecting domesticated wild Glyptosternum termes Regans as parent fish without hurting body surface and with the weight of 6-15g, and carrying out daily cultivation;
B. putting parent fish into a circulating water culture system for culturing, wherein the culture density is less than or equal to 2kg/m3Controlling the water inflow of the parent fish pond to be 0.6-1.2L/s, controlling the pH of the water for cultivation to be 7.5-8.2, the dissolved oxygen to be 5-10mg/L, the water temperature to be 13-25 ℃, feeding feed accounting for 2-3% of the weight of the parent fish every day, and feeding twice every day, wherein the feed is a first fish feed (or eel feed) with the protein content of more than 40% and a tubificidae live bait, and the two feeds respectively account for 50% of the daily feeding amount; the daily cultivation time is 10-12 months,in the daily cultivation process, not only nutrition management is enhanced, but also water flushing, sewage suction and pollution discharge management is enhanced, sufficient dissolved oxygen is ensured, water temperature and water quality are detected periodically, and daily management of disease prevention by medicines is performed periodically;
C. selecting Glyptosternum tergitum Hance with no disease, no injury and no deformity as parent fish for breeding in the second 2-3 months, putting the parent fish into parent fish breeding tank for intensive breeding with the breeding density of not more than 1kg/m3The water inflow of the parent fish breeding tank is 1-1.5L/s, the pH of water for strengthening breeding is 7.5-8.2, the dissolved oxygen is 5-10mg/L, the water temperature is 17-23 ℃, feed accounting for 2-4% of the weight of parent fish is fed every day, the feed is fed three times every day, the tubificidae in the feed accounts for 80% of the daily feeding amount, and the artificial compound feed soft-shelled turtle feed (or eel feed) with the protein content of more than 40% accounts for 20% of the daily feeding amount, wherein PVC pipes with the length of 20-30cm are placed in the breeding tank for hiding the parent fish, and the diameter of the PVC pipes is between 50-100 mm;
(4) artificial hastening parturition:
A. selecting mature parent fish, namely observing the activity and ingestion condition of the parent fish when the water temperature reaches more than 20 ℃ in the early 5-5 middle days of the next year, finding that the ingestion of the parent fish is obviously reduced, fishing up the parent fish by using a landing net for inspection when mutual chasing is accompanied, wherein the abdomen of the mature female fish is swollen, the anus is reddish, 1-2 fish eggs can be extruded out mostly by lightly pressing the abdomen with hands, the male fish is grown, the abdomen is not swollen, then, the well-developed male fish can be selected for induced spawning propagation, and the ratio of the number of the female fish to the male fish is 1: 2-3;
B. putting the selected male and female parent fishes into a rectangular incubation tank with mouths for water flushing stimulation;
C. the oxytocic is prepared by -needle injection, wherein the oxytocic solution is injected at about 10 am, so that the parent fish can complete oviposition and fertilization from night to day before, the injection dosage is 10ml per kg of the weight of the female fish, the male fish dosage is 2/3 of the female fish, the injection part is the pectoral fin basal part of the parent fish, the oxytocic is a mixture of oxytocic A, oxytocic B and oxytocic C, and the oxytocic A is any of carp Pituitary Gland (PG) and malade Eurone (DOM)(ii) a The oxytocic B is a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue A2(LRH-A2) Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue A3(LRH-A3) kinds of the oxytocin solution, the oxytocin C is chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), the preparation method of the oxytocin solution is that 8-12mg of the oxytocin A, 15-25 mug of the oxytocin B and 1000-2000IU of the oxytocin are added into every 10ml of normal saline and evenly mixed;
D. putting the parent fish injected with the oxytocic into an oxytocic pool, enabling the parent fish to share the same pool, placing PVC pipes with the length of 20-30cm in a culture tank for hiding the parent fish, wherein the diameter of each PVC pipe is 50-100mm, simultaneously increasing running water stimulation to enable the parent fish to naturally adopt eggs for fertilization;
(5) artificial incubation:
the hatching density of the fertilized eggs in the hatching frame or the hatching tank is 1-2 ten thousand eggs/m2The water inflow is 0.05-0.2L/s, the dissolved oxygen of water is more than 6mg/L, the pH value is 7.5-7.9, and the incubation water temperature is 20-24 ℃; after 7-10 days, the air bladder is inflated and transferred into a fry rearing tank or a net cage for rearing.
2. The artificial propagation method of Glyptosternum tergitum f.sinensis according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: and (3) after the parent fish finishes spawning, carrying out rehabilitation nursing on the postpartum Glyptosternum tergitum maculatum parent fish, and injecting gentamicin sulfate or penicillin for 1-2 times, wherein the injection dosage per kilogram of fish bodies is 5000 international units of gentamicin sulfate 4000-.
3. The artificial propagation method of Glyptosternum tergitans according to any one of claims 1-2 to , wherein the parent fish of Glyptosternum tergitans after egg laying is soaked in 0.2-0.3ppm Saprolegnia parasitica or 2-4ppm Galla chinensis powder for 8-12 hours.
4. The method for artificially propagating Glyptosternum ternum maculatum Regan according to any of claims 1-3 or , wherein in step (4), the fertilized eggs are soaked in potassium permanganate with a concentration of 10-20ppm for more than 30 minutes before entering the incubator.
5. The artificial propagation method of Glyptosternum ternum maculatum Regan according to any one of claims 1-4- , wherein in the step (3), the circulating water system is equipped with 2 water inlet pumps, 2 water return pumps for 1 time and 2 water return pumps for 2 times, 2 oxygen-increasing fans, 1 set of roller filter, 1 set of biofilter, 1 ultraviolet sterilizer, 30-mouth circular cultivation jar with diameter of 1 meter, 24-mouth circular cultivation jar with diameter of 2 meters and 2 sets of cooling and heating units, and a closed internal circulating water cultivation mode is implemented, the water circulation amount of the system is 10 times/day, and the water supplement amount is 18m3Day/day.
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