CN112136728A - Artificial breeding method for first-filial-generation gymnocypris carpio koidzumi in circulating water system - Google Patents
Artificial breeding method for first-filial-generation gymnocypris carpio koidzumi in circulating water system Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial breeding and reproduction method of first-generation gymnocypris carpio koidzumi in a circulating water system, which comprises the following steps: (1) a first filial generation cultivation technology of Gymnocypris duringii; (2) breeding a first filial generation backup parent fish of Gymnocypris duringii; (3) breeding the first filial generation parent fish; (4) the gonad maturation is artificially stimulated by the first filial generation parent fish; (5) artificial insemination of the first filial generation of parent fish: (6) artificial hatching of the second generation. The method is simple, strong in operability and good in practical applicability, can realize large-scale breeding production of first-generation gymnocypris carpio in a circulating water system, promotes development of gymnocypris carpio breeding industry, and effectively protects wild gymnocypris carpio resources. Tests show that the first filial generation of Gymnocypris durissima has a survival rate of 80.3-85.1%, a fertilization rate of 75-85%, an incubation rate of 80.5-82.3% and a survival rate of 71-75% of postpartum parent fish.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to an artificial breeding method for first-generation gymnocypris carpio koidzumi parent fish in a circulating water system.
Background
Gymnocypris pomifera (Gymnocypris pominati firmispinaatus) belonging to Cyprinales, Cyprinidae, Schizothorax, Gymnocypris, with long body, slightly flat side and conical head; inferior oral position, arc; the lower jaw has no sharp cutin, the lips are thin, the lateral lobes of the lower lip are thin and narrow, and the posterior sulcus of the lips is interrupted without need; most of the body is naked, and only hip scales and a few shoulder scales are left; the dorsal fin is weak, the lower part of the back lateral margin is provided with fine saw teeth, and the starting point is in front of the ventral fin, and the fish is cold water fish. The Spodoptera carpio local names bamboo root fish, river fish and the like mostly live in plateau rivers with clear water quality, particularly prefer to live in clear dry branches and water migration places for camping and benthic life; winter in cave and stone gap. The distribution height of the hard-thorn pine Pan naked carp can reach elevation 2000 + 3000 m, and the hard-thorn pine Pan naked carp is mainly distributed in the Jinshajiang branch of the stone drum of Yunnan Lijiang and the bridgehead of Zhongdian, a rich and multi-gang river, the downstream of a river, a Weixi billu Cangjiang branch and a Yongchun river, and the like, and is eaten by animal baits.
At present, the Gymnocypris.durianus is only artificially cultured in a small amount in Yunnan province, but the scale is small, and the artificial propagation technology needs to be perfected. The patent 'an artificial propagation method of schizothorax carpi Gymnocypris.durissima' (publication number CN104255614B) introduces a domestication and propagation method aiming at the parental fish of Gymnocypris durima, an oxytocic is adopted for induced spawning, the fertility rate is about 65%, and the hatching rate is about 65%. Currently, the main reasons for restricting the large-scale culture of Gymnocypris.duracilis are that the oxytocic rate of Gymnocypris durans is low, the number of first filial generations is small, the culture survival rate is low, and no report is found about the success of the mature and artificial propagation of the first filial generation cultured in a full circulating water system. Aiming at the current defects, the invention provides an artificial breeding method for the first-generation parent fish of Gymnocypris durianus.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the fertility rate and the hatchability of the current gymnocypris carpio durispa parent fish are not high, and the first filial generation breeding and breeding method is incomplete, the invention provides the method for artificially breeding the first filial generation parent fish of gymnocypris durispa in a circulating water system, the method is simple and convenient to operate, natural mature and large-scale artificial breeding of the first filial generation of gymnocypris durispa in the circulating water system can be realized, the development of the gymnocypris durispa breeding industry is promoted, and the aim of effectively protecting the wild resources of the gymnocypris durispa is fulfilled.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical measures:
an artificial breeding method for the first filial generation of Gymnocypris duringii in a circulating water system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) first-filial generation fry cultivation:
A. collecting mature wild Gymnocypris durisporus parent fish, extruding roe and semen into a clean water basin, stirring with feather for 30s, adding a small amount of clear water, stirring to fully combine roe and semen, standing for 5 min, and repeatedly rinsing roe with clear water; then placing the eggs into a hatching frame or an Equidae incubator for hatching, wherein the hatching density is 6-8 ten thousand grains/m3The water inflow is 0.03-0.05L/s;
B. after the fry is hatched and swim horizontally, feeding the fairy shrimp for 5-6 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 8-10 g/ten thousand tails each time;
C. transferring the fries after 7-10 days of eating in the open mouth into a culture net cage or a culture tank, wherein the culture density is 8000 tails/m3The water inflow is 0.03-0.08L/s, 4-5 times of fairy shrimp are fed every day, and each time of feedingThe feeding amount is 8-10 g/ten thousand tails;
D. transferring the fish fry into a circular culture tank with the diameter of 2 meters and the depth of 1 meter when the fish fry grows to 2cm, wherein the culture density is 1500 tails/m3Feeding the fairy shrimp for 4 times every day with the water inflow of 0.1-0.3L/s, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 1% -2% of the weight of the fish, gradually converting the fairy shrimp into artificial compound feed when the individual body of the fry grows to 2.5cm, the conversion ratio is 10% every time, and the adjustment is carried out once every 5 days and 20% every time; feeding fairy shrimp firstly and then feeding feed during the conversion period; the diameter of the artificial mixed feed particles is gradually increased from 0.1mm to 0.3mm, after the artificial mixed feed is completely fed, the compound vitamin and the Banhuangsan are added into the feed, and the feeding amount is 3 percent of the daily feeding amount;
E. feeding the fish fry with 3 times of artificial mixed feed every day when the fish fry grows to 4cm, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 1-2% of the weight of the fish;
(2) and (3) breeding the reserve parent fish of the first filial generation:
after fry breeding for about one year, selecting a first generation of Gymnocypris durissima with healthy physique, complete body surface, strong vitality, male fish body length larger than 6cm and female fish body length larger than 10cm, transferring the first generation of Gymnocypris durina into a circular breeding tank with the diameter of 3m and the water depth of 1m, wherein the water inflow is 0.3-0.4L/s, the pH of water for breeding is 7.1-8, the dissolved oxygen is 7-9mg/L, and the breeding density is 200 tails/m3Feeding the artificial mixed feed for 2 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 2% -3% of the weight of the fish, feeding the tubificidae once every 7 days, the feeding amount is 50% of the daily feeding amount, and meanwhile, the compound vitamin and the isatis root powder are added into the artificial mixed feed, and the adding amount is 3% of the daily feeding amount;
(3) breeding the first filial generation parent fish:
A. selecting a first generation of Gymnocypris durianus Makino naked carp with no damage to body surface, strong vitality and no diseases as parent fish after parent fish culture for about half a year, and ensuring that the weight of a single-tailed male fish is more than 10g and the weight of a single-tailed female fish is more than 20 g;
B. putting the selected parent fish into a culture tank for intensive culture, wherein the culture density is less than or equal to 3kg/m3, the water inflow of the culture tank is 0.4-0.5L/s, the pH of circulating water is 7.5-7.9, the dissolved oxygen is 7-9mg/L, the water temperature is 10-12 ℃, feeding the artificial mixed feed for 2 times a day, the daily feeding amount accounts for 2% -3% of the weight of the fish, and feeding the tubificidae 3 times every 7 days, and the feeding amount is 30% of the daily feeding amount;
(4) artificially stimulating gonad maturation of the first filial generation parent fish:
A. selecting a first generation of disease-free, injury-free and deformity-free Gymnocypris carpio durissima as a parent fish for breeding, ensuring that the weight of a single-tailed male fish is more than 11g and the weight of a single-tailed female fish is more than 22g, putting the first generation of Gymnocypris carpio duriani into a breeding tank with the diameter of 3m for intensive breeding, wherein the breeding density is less than or equal to 2kg/m3, the water inflow of the breeding tank is 0.5-0.6L/s, the pH of breeding water is 7.5-7.9, the dissolved oxygen is 7-9mg/L, feeding the first generation of Gymnocypris carpio duriani for 2 times a day, and the daily feeding amount accounts for; meanwhile, the tubificidae accounting for 50 percent of the total amount of the bait is fed every day.
B. Adjusting the temperature of circulating water to 12 ℃ 4 months before the first filial generation breeding of parent fish, then reducing the temperature by 1 ℃ every 10 days, starting a submersible pump in a breeding tank when the temperature is reduced to 8 ℃, keeping the water temperature for 15 days, and then increasing the temperature by 1 ℃ to 11 ℃ every 15 days, and keeping the water temperature;
C. keeping the water temperature at 11-13 ℃ 10 days before breeding, starting a submersible pump to flush water all day long, feeding the artificial mixed feed for 2 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 1% -2% of the weight of the parent fish, and feeding tubificidae accounting for 60% of the total amount of the bait every day;
(5) artificial insemination of the first filial generation of parent fish:
when the male fish chases the female fish and the parent fish frequently jumps at the water outlet, the ratio of the number of the male fish to the number of the female fish to the number of the parent fish is 1: 3-4, picking out female fish with enlarged abdomen and smooth ovulation and male fish with rough buttocks and smooth semen, placing the female fish and the male fish into 100ppm of a fish stabilizing aqueous solution for anesthesia, completely anesthetizing the parent fish after 1-2 minutes, and then performing artificial fertilization to obtain fertilized eggs;
(6) artificial hatching of the second generation:
hatching the fertilized eggs obtained in the step (5) with the hatching density of 6-8 ten thousand eggs/m3The water inflow is 0.03-0.05L/s, the dissolved oxygen in water is more than 6mg/L, the pH value is 7.5-7.9, the incubation water temperature is 10-12 ℃, the membrane starts to grow after 15 days, the membrane growth is completed after 19 days, the flatly swimming is carried out after 24 days, the fairy shrimp starts to be fed after the flatly swimming, 6 times a day, the feeding amount is 5 g/ten thousand tails, and the fry rearing jar is transferred to after 7 days of feedingOr in the net cage, and then enters the water flower seedling cultivation stage.
Further, the water temperature is controlled to be 10-12 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 8mg/L, the pH value is 7.8-8.5, and the residual bait and excrement are sucked out every day in the process of culturing the first filial generation fry.
Furthermore, in the whole fry breeding process, 0.2ppm of chlorine dioxide can be used for splashing to disinfect the aquaculture water body in a whole pool regularly, and 0.6ppm of dipterex is used for soaking for 2 hours to prevent diseases of the aquaculture fishes.
Further, in the step (1) and the step (2), the compound vitamin and the isatis root powder are added for 1 time every 15 days and are continuously added for 3 days, the adding amount is 3% of the daily feeding amount, the artificial compound feed in the step (2) can be simultaneously added with lactic acid bacteria besides the compound vitamin and the isatis root powder so as to promote the digestion and absorption of the fry on the compound feed, and the adding amount of the lactic acid bacteria can be added according to the instruction of the instruction.
Further, the power of the submersible pump in the step (4) is 440-750w, and the water outlet of the submersible pump is connected to 10-15cm above the water surface through a water pipe and is fixed, so that water flows into the water from top to bottom at an included angle of 30-40 degrees.
Further, the water outlet of the submersible pump in the step (4) is wrapped by a soft wet towel.
Furthermore, the whole process of artificial breeding and propagation of the first filial generation of Gymnocypris duringii is carried out in a circulating water breeding system.
Furthermore, the mass content of the protein in the artificial compound feed is 42 percent.
Further, the specific steps of artificial fertilization after anesthesia in the step (5) are as follows: taking out the female fish to wipe off the body surface water, extruding the fish eggs into a dry basin, taking out the male fish to wipe off the water on the body surface and the anus, extruding the sperm into the basin, then quickly adding clear water, stirring with feathers for 1-2 minutes to fully mix the sperm and the eggs, then standing for 10-15 minutes, then adding 2-3 times of clear water for repeatedly rinsing for 2-3 times, transferring into an incubation frame or a Uquidae incubator for incubation, disinfecting and cleaning the incubation tool with 10ppm chlorine dioxide in advance, and airing completely.
Further, soaking the tubificidae in saline water with the mass fraction of 10% for 20 minutes before feeding, and rinsing the tubificidae clean.
Further, the postpartum parent fishes are separately cultured, and meanwhile, 0.5ppm enrofloxacin is used for soaking for 2 hours for 3 continuous days, and tubificidae accounting for 60 percent of the total bait is fed every day.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides an artificial breeding method of first-generation parent fish of Gymnocypris durissima, which is simple in method, strong in operability and good in practical applicability, can realize large-scale breeding and breeding of Gymnocypris durissima in a circulating water system, and has the domestication survival rate and the hatching rate both reaching over 80 percent and the fertilization rate reaching over 75 percent.
(2) In the fish culture production, the research on the first generation breeding technology is less, and the related research report on Gymnocypris.firma is less, so that the method fills the blank of the research on the first generation parent fish culture and breeding technology of Gymnocypris firma, and overcomes the restriction of low fish egg fertility rate and hatchability on the large-scale culture of Gymnocypris firma in the prior art; the invention utilizes the first filial generation cultured in the circulating water culture system as the parent fish, avoids the condition that wild parents die in large quantities because the wild parents are not suitable for the change of living environment, and simultaneously supplements compound vitamins properly in the process of culturing the first filial generation parent fish, feeds live baits such as tubificidae and the like, increases the nutrition of the first filial generation parent fish, and improves the development quality of eggs and semen; meanwhile, in the operation process of artificial insemination, clear water is rapidly added to activate the eggs and the semen after the eggs and the semen are extruded, and then stirring is carried out, so that the situation that the semen and the eggs are activated by water in the extrusion, stirring and mixing processes, the optimal matching time and environment are missed, and fertilization cannot be completed after the clear water is added finally is avoided, and the fertilization rate is improved. Meanwhile, the hatching water temperature is strictly controlled in the hatching process, the situation that the development process of the fertilized eggs is influenced by the change of the external environment is avoided, and the hatching rate is improved. Fills the blank of the cultivation and breeding technical research of the first filial generation of Gymnocypris duringii, and also provides reference for the breeding research work of other cold water type fishes.
(3) The invention stimulates the gonad development of the gymnocypris spinosa by controlling the water temperature and the water flow speed, so that the gymnocypris spinosa is naturally mature, an oxytocic is not required to be injected, the damage of artificial induced spawning to the parental fish is reduced, the survival rate of the postpartum parental fish is improved, and meanwhile, a reference is provided for the natural maturation of cold water type fishes under the condition of circulating water system culture.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific examples. It will be understood that the examples are for the purpose of further illustrating the subject invention and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that the circulating water system used in the present invention is a patent product (patent number: 201720983333X) developed by the science and technology ltd of martian science and technology, and the system includes a submersible pump, a rotary disc filter, a wet bio-sphere filter, a rain-type aeration bio-filter, an ultraviolet sterilizer, a heat pump type cooling and heating unit, etc., and the principle of the circulating water culture system is as follows: after being used by a culture tank, the culture water sequentially passes through a drum-type microporous filter and a rotary disc-type microporous filter to filter residual bait and excrement in the water; then flows through a wet biological ball filter and a rain-type aeration biological filter, and decomposes the organic matters in the water body through the microbial decomposition; finally, the water is sterilized by an ultraviolet sterilizer and returned to the culture tank for use. The system can realize the repeated use of the culture water, thereby saving the water; meanwhile, the culture density can be increased, and the outbreak of fish diseases can be reduced. This section will not be described in detail in this application.
Example 1:
an artificial breeding method for the first filial generation of Gymnocypris duringii comprises the following steps:
(1) first-filial generation fry incubation and fry cultivation:
in 11 middle of the month in 2015, the method of catching the mid-river Shipanjiang river section of the Jinsha river in Lijiang City of Yunnan province by a cageCollecting 600 tails of wild Gymnocypris.steroleoides parent fish, transporting the wild Gymnocypris steroleoides parent fish to a circulating water system in a fish proliferation and releasing station of a Hanneng group Jinan bridge hydropower station for culture, wherein 80 circular culture cylinders with the diameter of 3 meters, 40 circular culture cylinders with the diameter of 2 meters and 30 culture cylinders with the diameter of 1 meter are arranged in the proliferation station. 4 sets of recirculating aquaculture systems, wherein each set of system is provided with 6 submersible pumps, 1 rotary disc filter, 2 wet type biological ball filters, 1 rain-type aeration biological filter, 1 ultraviolet sterilizer and 3 heat pump type cooling and heating units. Dissolved oxygen of more than 7mg/L, pH 6.9-7.9, NH4 +Less than 0.2mg/L, NO2 -Less than 0.1mg/L, and other indexes meet the national water standard for freshwater fishery aquaculture.
After the parent fishes arrive at the station, 11 months and 17 days in 2015, part of the parent fishes are detected to be well developed, 31 groups of parent fishes are randomly selected for artificial induced spawning and insemination to obtain 5 ten thousand fertilized eggs of Gymnocypris carpio, and then the fertilized eggs are placed into an incubation frame for incubation, wherein the density of the fertilized eggs is 6 ten thousand eggs/m3. The water inflow is 0.05L/s, the hatching water temperature is 10 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 8mg/L, and dead eggs are picked out every day. After 12 days, the fry hatch, and 7 balance swims, 8g of fairy shrimp are fed, and the fry are fed at 8:00, 11:00, 14:00, 17:00, 20:00 and 23:00 every day. Feeding for 7 days, transferring the fry into a culture net cage with length of 1m, width of 1m, depth of 0.6 m, and culture density of 8000 fish/m3Feeding 8-10 g/ten thousand fish fries at a water inflow of 0.08L/s at 8:00, 11:00, 14:00, 17:00 and 20:00 each day. After 20 days, the fry grows to 2cm, the fry is transferred into a culture tank with the diameter of 2 meters and the water depth of 1 meter, and the culture density is 1500 tails/m3Feeding the fish with water inflow of 0.1L/s at 8:00, 13:00, 17:00 and 21:00 every day, feeding the fish with 0.1 mm-sized artificial mixed feed with protein content of 42% at 21:00, gradually changing the feeding time into feeding the artificial mixed feed at other time periods, gradually increasing the particle diameter from 0.1mm to 0.3mm along with the growth of the fish, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 1% -2% of the weight of the fish, feeding the fish once every morning, noon and evening when the fish grows to 4cm, simultaneously adding the compound vitamin and the Banhuangsan into the feed every half month, and continuously feeding the fish for three days, wherein the adding amount is 3% of the daily feeding amount. The whole incubation and cultivation periodThe water temperature of the intercropping is controlled at 12 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 8mg/L, the PH is 8.3, and the residual bait and excrement are continuously sucked out every day. The survival rate of the seedlings is 81 percent.
(2) And (3) breeding the reserve parent fish of the first filial generation:
in 2016, 11 months and 1 day, selecting 3000 fish (the weight of male fish is more than 6cm, the weight of female fish is more than 10cm) of a first generation naked cyprinus carpio duringi with healthy constitution, complete body surface and strong vitality, and transferring the fish into a circular culture tank with the diameter of 3 meters and the water depth of 1 meter; the culture density is 200 tails/m3The water inflow is 0.4L/s, the pH value of the water for cultivation is 7.5, and the dissolved oxygen is 7.2 mg/L. The artificial compound feed is fed twice a day, the protein content is 42 percent, and the daily feeding amount accounts for 2 percent of the weight of the fish. Simultaneously, the tubificidae is fed once every three nights every week, and the feeding amount is 50 percent of the daily feeding amount. Adding the compound vitamin and the isatis root powder into the feed every half month continuously for three days, wherein the adding amount is 3% of the daily feeding amount, and the water temperature is kept at 12 ℃.
(3) And (3) breeding the first filial generation parent fish:
A. selecting 1000 fish (male fish weight is more than 10g, female fish weight is more than 20g) of Gymnocypris durianus first generation with no damage to body surface, strong vitality and no disease as parent fish in 23.5.2017;
B. selecting first filial generation parent fish, and culturing in circular culture tank with diameter of 3m at culture density of 3kg/m or less3The water inflow of the culture tank is 0.4L/s, the water temperature is 10 ℃, the daily feeding amount is 2 percent of the weight of the parent fish, the artificial compound feed is fed twice a day, the protein content of the artificial compound feed is 42 percent, and the feeding amount accounts for 3 percent of the weight of the fish. Simultaneously, the tubificidae is fed for three times every week, and the feeding amount is 30 percent of the daily feeding amount.
(4) Artificially stimulating gonad maturation of the first filial generation parent fish:
A. selecting 150 tails and 460 tails of disease-free, injury-free and deformity-free first-generation parent fish of Gymnocypris durior, namely female fish and male fish as breeding parent fish in 8 months and 10 months in 2017, putting the parent fish into a breeding tank with the diameter of 3 meters for intensive breeding, wherein the weight of the female fish is more than 22 g/tail, and the weight of the male fish is more than 11 g/tail, and the breeding density is less than or equal to 2kg/m3The water inflow of the parent fish culture pond is 0.5L/s, the pH of the water for strengthening culture is 7.5, the dissolved oxygen is 7mg/L, and the daily feeding amount is3 percent of the weight of the parent fish, 2 times a day, 42 percent of the protein content of the fed artificial mixed feed, and 50 percent of the daily feeding amount of the tubificidae.
B. And in 11/1/2017, the temperature of circulating water is adjusted to 12 ℃, the temperature is reduced by 1/10/1/2018/3/1/8, the temperature is reduced to 8 ℃, a 750W submersible pump is erected in the culture tank, the water outlet of the submersible pump is connected to 10cm above the water surface through a water pipe, and the water outlet is fixed, so that water flows downwards and upwards and then enters the water at an included angle of 30 degrees. 9:00-17 per day: 00 the submersible pump is started to flush for 8 hours. And in 2018, in 1 month and 28 days, controlling the water temperature to slowly rise, in 2018, in 2 months and 28 days, raising the water temperature to 11 ℃, and keeping the water temperature. The pump on time is extended to 12 hours. Feeding the parent fish for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount of the parent fish is 1% of the weight of the parent fish, the feeding amount of the parent fish is 60% of the feeding amount of the water earthworms, and the feeding amount of the artificial mixed feed and the water earthworms with the grain size of 0.5mm and the protein content of 42% are fed.
(5) Artificial insemination of next generation:
in 2018, 3, 15 months and 15 days, the parent fish is found to frequently jump at the water outlet of the water pump, and meanwhile, male fish chases female fish. Catching parent fish, and finding out that the abdomen of female fish is soft, egg flows out when the abdomen is lightly pressed, the hip of male fish is rough, and semen is dispersed when entering water. Preparing an oxytocic tool, selecting 69 groups of parent fishes according to the male-female ratio of 1:3, putting the parent fishes into water containing 100ppm of fish stability for anesthesia before insemination of each group of parent fishes, and enabling the parent fishes to be completely anesthetized after 1-2 minutes. Fishing out the male fish, wiping off the water on the surfaces of the parent fish and the anus, fishing out the anesthetized female fish, wiping off the water on the body surface, extruding the roe into a dry basin, extruding the sperm of the male fish into the basin, quickly adding a small amount of clear water, stirring with feathers for 1-2 minutes to fully mix the sperm and the roe, and standing for 10-15 minutes. Adding 2-3 times of clear water, rinsing for 2-3 times, and transferring into a hatching frame for hatching after the roes are not sticky. And during the 3-4 months in 2018, selecting 126 groups of well-developed first-filial generation parent fishes by the Jinanqiao fish proliferation station to obtain 90000 fertilized eggs. After insemination, intensively placing the postpartum parent fishes into a separate culture tank, controlling water inflow at 0.2L/s, simultaneously soaking the postpartum parent fishes for 2 hours by using 0.5ppm enrofloxacin for 3 consecutive days, and closely observing the fish body condition; and the feeding amount of the tubificidae is increased.
(6) Artificial hatching of the second generation:
the plastic hatching frame is 40cm long, 30cm wide and 15cm deep, a layer of 80-mesh nylon net is sewed in the frame in advance, and then the frame is disinfected and cleaned by 10ppm chlorine dioxide and aired to be clean. Hatching 90000 fertilized eggs in 13 hatching frames at a hatching density of 6 ten thousand eggs/m3The water inflow is 0.03-0.05L/s, the dissolved oxygen is 8mg/L, the pH value is 7.5, the water temperature is 10 ℃, dead eggs are picked out every day and counted. After 48 hours, reaching the midgut to obtain 67500 fertilized eggs with the fertilization rate of 75%; and (3) starting to generate the membrane after the second-generation offspring fish fries begin in 15 days, finishing membrane generation in 19 days, sucking and counting the un-generated membrane eggs and dead fish fries, and finally obtaining that 54600 tails emerge in total and the hatchability is 80.8%. After 24 days, the fry starts to swim horizontally, namely the fries are fed with fairy shrimp, and after 9 days, the fries are transferred into a culture net cage for culture and enter a water bloom culture stage.
The final experimental data is that the domestication survival rate of the first filial generation of Gymnocypris duringii in a circulating water system is 80.3%, the fertility rate is 75% and the hatchability is 80.8%. The survival rate of the postpartum parent fish is 71 percent.
Example 2:
an artificial breeding method for the first filial generation of Gymnocypris duringii comprises the following steps:
(1) first-generation hatching and seedling cultivation:
13-15 days 12 months in 2016, collecting 200 tails of wild Gymnocypris carpio koenigii parent fishes in 200 days of the Jinsha river in Lijiang city in Yunnan province in a manner of catching by using an underground cage, finding that the parent fishes grow well and can be directly inseminated and propagated, developing artificial insemination work in 15 days 12 months in 2016, sharing 53 groups of artificial insemination to obtain 45000 fish eggs, packaging the fish eggs in an oxygen bag, transporting the fish eggs to a pear garden hydropower station in the Jinshajiang river to proliferate and release to a station for hatching and breeding, wherein 30 circular breeding cylinders with the diameter of 3 meters, 30 circular breeding cylinders with the diameter of 2 meters and 30 breeding cylinders with the diameter of 1 meter are arranged in the breeding station; 3 sets of circulating water systems, each set of system is provided with 6 submersible pumps, 2 cold and hot pumps, one roller filter, one rotary disc filter, 2 sets of wet biological filters, 1 set of rain-type aeration biological filters and an ultraviolet sterilizer1, 3 heat pump type cooling and heating units and 2 oxygenation fans. The recirculating aquaculture system has long-term operation, dissolved oxygen of more than 7.5mg/L, pH of 7.2-7.9, and NH4 +Less than 0.2mg/L, NO2 -Less than 0.1mg/L, and other indexes all meet the national fresh water fishery aquaculture water standard.
In 2016, 12/16 days, after the roe arrives at the station, the roe is put into an Equidae incubator for incubation, and the density is 8 ten thousand grains/m3The water inflow is 0.03L/s, the hatching water temperature is 12 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 8.2mg/L, and dead eggs are picked out every day to prevent saprolegnia infection. The fry starts to emerge after 13 days and starts to swim smoothly after 21 days, and the fry starts to be fed with the fairy shrimp 5 times at 8:00, 12:00, 16:00 and 20:00/12:00 every day, wherein the feeding amount is 10 g/ten thousand tails. After 8 days of feeding, the fry is transferred into a culture tank with the diameter of 1 meter for culture, the water depth is 0.4 meter, and the density is 8000 tails/m3The water inflow is 0.03L/s, the fairy shrimp is fed for 4 times every day, and the feeding amount is 8 g/ten thousand. Measuring after 30 days of culture to find that the fry grows to 2cm, transferring the fry into a culture tank with the diameter of 2m and the water depth of 1m for culture, and setting the stocking density to 1500 tails/m3Feeding the artificial compound feed and the fairy shrimp 3 times every day at 21 o' clock at night with the water inflow of 0.3L/s, kneading the artificial compound feed of the soft-shelled turtle and feeding, wherein the feeding amount is 2 g/ten thousand. After 20 days, the artificial compound feed is gradually replaced to be fed, the protein content is 42 percent, the particle diameter is gradually increased from 0.1mm to 0.3mm along with the growth of the fish individual, and the daily feeding amount accounts for 1 percent of the weight of the fish. When the fish grows to 4cm, feeding the fish once every morning, noon and evening, and simultaneously adding the compound vitamin and the Banhuangsan into the feed every half month for three consecutive days, wherein the adding amount is 3% of the daily feeding amount. In the culture period, 0.6ppm trichlorfon is used for soaking for 2 hours every half month to prevent diseases of cultured fishes, 0.2ppm chlorine dioxide is used for splashing the whole pool every other day to disinfect the culture water body, and residual bait and excrement are constantly sucked out every day. The final survival rate of the offspring seeds reaches 86 percent.
(2) And (3) breeding the reserve parent fish of the first filial generation:
selecting 2000 Gymnocypris duringii first generation with healthy constitution, complete body surface and strong vitality in 2017, 10 month and 25 day (the weight of male fish is more than 6cm, the weight of female fish is more than 6 cm)10cm) and transferred into a circular culture tank with the diameter of 3 meters and the water depth of 1 meter. The culture density is 200 tails/m3And the water inflow is 0.3L/s. The artificial compound feed is fed for 2 times a day, the protein content is 42 percent, and the daily feeding amount accounts for 2 percent of the weight of the fish. Meanwhile, 1 time of feeding the tubificidae every three nights every week, wherein the feeding amount is 50 percent of the daily feeding amount. Adding the compound vitamin and the isatis root powder into the feed every half month continuously for three days, wherein the adding amount is 3% of the daily feeding amount, and the water temperature is kept at 11 ℃.
(3) Breeding the first filial generation parent fish:
A. and in 2018, 5, 11 months, selecting the first filial generation of Gymnocypris durianus with complete body surface, strong vitality and no diseases as parent fish, firstly selecting the fish with larger individual, wherein the weight of the male fish is more than 10g, the weight of the female fish is more than 20g, and finally selecting 314 female fish and 950 male fish.
B. Selecting first filial generation parent fish, and culturing in circular culture tank with diameter of 3m at culture density of 2kg/m or less3The water inflow of the culture tank is 0.5L/s, the water temperature is 12 ℃, the daily feeding amount is 3 percent of the weight of the parent fish, the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day, the protein content of the artificial compound feed is 42 percent, and the feeding amount accounts for 2 percent of the weight of the fish. Simultaneously, the tubificidae is fed twice every week, and the feeding amount is 50 percent of the daily feeding amount.
(4) Artificially stimulating gonad maturation:
A. selecting 126 female fish with enlarged and soft abdomen and 500 male fish with rough buttocks and hip fins in 2018, 10 months and 9 days, putting into a 3m cultivation tank for intensive cultivation, wherein the cultivation density is less than or equal to 2kg/m3The water inflow of the parent fish culture pond is 0.6L/s, the pH of the water for strengthening culture is 7.9, the dissolved oxygen is 9mg/L, the daily feeding amount is 2 percent of the weight of the parent fish, the artificial compound feed is fed for 2 times every day, the protein content of the artificial compound feed is 42 percent, and the water earthworms account for 50 percent of the daily feeding amount.
B. In 11/15/2018, 1 440W submersible pump is erected in the culture tank, and the water outlet of the submersible pump is connected to the position 15cm above the water surface through a water pipe and is fixed, so that water flows into water from top to bottom at an included angle of 45 degrees. 9 parts per day: 00-12: and 00, starting the submersible pump to flush. Meanwhile, the temperature of the circulating water is reduced from 12 ℃, the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃ every 10 days on average, 1 month and 16 days in 2019, and the temperature is reduced to 8 ℃. And in 2019, 31 months and 1 year, controlling the water temperature to slowly rise, in 2019, 15 months and 2 months, and keeping the water temperature at 11 ℃. The water pump was turned on daily for an extended period of 12 hours. Feeding artificial mixed feed with 42 percent of secondary protein content and tubificidae every day, wherein the feed amount is 2 percent of the weight of parent fish, and the feeding amount of the tubificidae accounts for 60 percent of the daily feeding amount.
(5) Artificial insemination:
3, 2 days in 2019, the parent fish is found to frequently jump at the water outlet of the water pump, meanwhile, the male fish chases the female fish, the parent fish is fished out, the inspection shows that the abdomen of the female fish is soft, eggs flow out when the abdomen is lightly pressed, the hip of the male fish is rough, and the semen is instantly dispersed when entering water. Preparing an oxytocic tool, selecting 23 groups of parent fishes according to the male-female ratio of 1:4, putting the parent fishes into water containing 100ppm of fish stability for anesthesia before insemination of each group of parent fishes, and enabling the parent fishes to be completely anesthetized after 1-2 minutes. Fishing out the male fish, wiping off the water on the surfaces of the parent fish and the anus, fishing out the anesthetized female fish, wiping off the water on the body surface, extruding the roe into a dry basin, extruding the sperm of the male fish into the basin, quickly adding a small amount of clear water, stirring with feathers for 1-2 minutes to fully mix the sperm and the roe, and standing for 10-15 minutes. Adding 2-3 times of clear water, rinsing for 2-3 times, and transferring into a hatching frame for hatching after the roes are not sticky. And during the period from 3 months to 4 months in 2018, 96 groups of the parent fish of the first filial generation which well develop are selected by Jinan bridge, and 75000 fish eggs are obtained. After artificial insemination, the postpartum parent fishes are intensively placed into a separate breeding tank, the water inflow is 0.2L/s, meanwhile, 0.6ppm enrofloxacin is used for soaking for 3 hours, continuous 3 days are carried out, and the feeding amount of the tubificidae is increased.
(6) Artificial incubation:
the plastic hatching frame is 40cm long, 30cm wide and 15cm deep, a layer of 80-mesh nylon net is sewed in the frame in advance, and then the frame is disinfected and cleaned by using 20ppm potassium permanganate and aired to be clean. Incubating 75000 roes in 8 incubation frames at an incubation density of 8 ten thousand roes/m2The water inflow is 0.03-0.05L/s, the dissolved oxygen is 8.2mg/L, the pH value is 7.9, the water temperature is 12 ℃, dead eggs are picked out every day and counted. Reaching the midgut after 54 hours to finally obtain 63750 fertilized eggs with the fertilization rate of 85 percent; after 17 days startedAnd (3) starting to emerge from the membrane, finishing all the emerged membrane within 20 days, sucking out and counting eggs which do not emerge from the membrane and dead fish fries, and finally emerging 52400 tails in total, wherein the hatchability is 82.3%. After 26 days, the fry starts to swim horizontally, namely the fries are fed with fairy shrimp, and after 10 days, the fries are transferred into a culture net cage for culture and enter a water bloom culture stage.
The final experimental data is that the domestication survival rate of the first filial generation of Gymnocypris durissima in a circulating water system of a fish breeding station in a pear orchard is 85.1%, the fertility rate is 85%, the hatchability is 82.3%, and the survival rate of postpartum parent fish is 75%.
It should be noted that the above-described embodiments may enable those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way. Thus, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be modified and equivalents may be substituted; all technical solutions and modifications thereof which do not depart from the spirit and technical essence of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present patent.
Claims (10)
1. An artificial breeding method for the first filial generation of Gymnocypris duringii in a circulating water system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) first-filial generation fry cultivation:
A. collecting mature wild Gymnocypris durisporus parent fish, extruding roe and semen into a clean water basin, stirring with feather for 30s, adding a small amount of clear water, stirring to fully combine roe and semen, standing for 5 min, and repeatedly rinsing roe with clear water; then placing the eggs into a hatching frame or an Equidae incubator for hatching, wherein the hatching density is 6-8 ten thousand grains/m3The water inflow is 0.03-0.05L/s;
B. after the fry is hatched and swim horizontally, feeding the fairy shrimp for 5-6 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 8-10 g/ten thousand tails each time;
C. transferring the fries after 7-10 days of eating in the open mouth into a culture net cage or a culture tank, wherein the culture density is 8000 tails/m3Feeding the fairy shrimp for 4-5 times every day with the water inflow of 0.03-0.08L/s, wherein the feeding amount is 8-10 g/ten thousand insects each time;
D. when the fry grows to 2cm, the fry is transferred into a circle with the diameter of 2 meters and the depth of 1 meterIn the culture tank, the culture density is 1500 tails/m3Feeding the fairy shrimp for 4 times every day with the water inflow of 0.1-0.3L/s, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 1% -2% of the weight of the fish, gradually converting the fairy shrimp into artificial compound feed when the individual body of the fry grows to 2.5cm, the conversion ratio is 10% every time, and the adjustment is carried out once every 5 days and 20% every time; feeding fairy shrimp firstly and then feeding feed during the conversion period; the diameter of the artificial mixed feed particles is gradually increased from 0.1mm to 0.3mm, after the artificial mixed feed is completely fed, the compound vitamin and the Banhuangsan are added into the feed, and the feeding amount is 3 percent of the daily feeding amount;
E. feeding the fish fry with 3 times of artificial mixed feed every day when the fish fry grows to 4cm, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 1-2% of the weight of the fish;
(2) and (3) breeding the reserve parent fish of the first filial generation:
after fry breeding for about one year, selecting a first generation of Gymnocypris durissima with healthy physique, complete body surface, strong vitality, male fish body length larger than 6cm and female fish body length larger than 10cm, transferring the first generation of Gymnocypris durina into a circular breeding tank with the diameter of 3m and the water depth of 1m, wherein the water inflow is 0.3-0.4L/s, the pH of water for breeding is 7.1-8, the dissolved oxygen is 7-9mg/L, and the breeding density is 200 tails/m3Feeding the artificial mixed feed for 2 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 2% -3% of the weight of the fish, feeding the tubificidae once every 7 days, the feeding amount is 50% of the daily feeding amount, and meanwhile, the compound vitamin and the isatis root powder are added into the artificial mixed feed, and the adding amount is 3% of the daily feeding amount;
(3) breeding the first filial generation parent fish:
A. selecting a first generation of Gymnocypris durianus Makino naked carp with no damage to body surface, strong vitality and no diseases as parent fish after parent fish culture for about half a year, and ensuring that the weight of a single-tailed male fish is more than 10g and the weight of a single-tailed female fish is more than 20 g;
B. putting the selected parent fish into a culture tank for intensive culture, wherein the culture density is less than or equal to 3kg/m3The water inflow of the culture tank is 0.4-0.5L/s, the pH of circulating water is 7.5-7.9, the dissolved oxygen is 7-9mg/L, the water temperature is 10-12 ℃, 2 times of artificial compound feed is fed every day, the daily feeding amount accounts for 2% -3% of the weight of the fish, and 3 times of tubificidae is fed every 7 days, and the feeding amount is 30% of the daily feeding amount;
(4) artificially stimulating gonad maturation of the first filial generation parent fish:
A. selecting a first generation of disease-free, injury-free and deformity-free Gymnocypris carpio koidzumi as a parent fish for breeding, ensuring that the weight of a single-tailed male fish is more than 11g and the weight of a single-tailed female fish is more than 22g, and then putting the single-tailed male fish into a breeding tank with the diameter of 3m for intensive breeding, wherein the breeding density is less than or equal to 2kg/m3The water inflow of the cultivating vat is 0.5-0.6L/s, the pH of the water for cultivating is 7.5-7.9, the dissolved oxygen is 7-9mg/L, the artificial compound feed is fed for 2 times a day, and the daily feeding amount accounts for 2% -3% of the weight of the fish; meanwhile, the tubificidae accounting for 50 percent of the total amount of the bait is fed every day.
B. Adjusting the temperature of circulating water to 12 ℃ 4 months before the first filial generation breeding of parent fish, then reducing the temperature by 1 ℃ every 10 days, starting a submersible pump in a breeding tank when the temperature is reduced to 8 ℃, keeping the water temperature for 15 days, and then increasing the temperature by 1 ℃ to 11 ℃ every 15 days, and keeping the water temperature;
C. keeping the water temperature at 11-13 ℃ 10 days before breeding, starting a submersible pump to flush water all day long, feeding the artificial mixed feed for 2 times every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 1% -2% of the weight of the parent fish, and feeding tubificidae accounting for 60% of the total amount of the bait every day;
(5) artificial insemination of the first filial generation of parent fish:
when the male fish chases the female fish and the parent fish frequently jumps at the water outlet, the ratio of the number of the male fish to the number of the female fish to the number of the parent fish is 1: 3-4, picking out female fish with enlarged abdomen and smooth ovulation and male fish with rough buttocks and smooth semen, placing the female fish and the male fish into 100ppm of a fish stabilizing aqueous solution for anesthesia, completely anesthetizing the parent fish after 1-2 minutes, and then performing artificial fertilization to obtain fertilized eggs;
(6) artificial hatching of the second generation:
hatching the fertilized eggs obtained in the step (5) with the hatching density of 6-8 ten thousand eggs/m3The water inflow is 0.03-0.05L/s, the dissolved oxygen in water is more than 6mg/L, the pH value is 7.5-7.9, the hatching water temperature is 10-12 ℃, the membrane starts to grow after 15 days, the membrane growth is completed after 19 days, the flatting is performed after 24 days, the fairy shrimp starts to feed after the flatting, the feeding amount is 5 g/ten thousand of fish tails every day for 6 times, the fish fries are transferred into a fry cultivating jar or a net cage after feeding for 7 days, and then the fish fries enter a water fry cultivating stage.
2. The method for artificially culturing and breeding the first filial generation of Gymnocypris durianus in the circulating water system according to claim 1, wherein the water temperature is controlled to be 10-12 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 8mg/L, the pH is 7.8-8.5, and the residual bait and excrement are sucked out every day in the first filial generation fry culturing process.
3. The method for artificially culturing and breeding the first-generation gymnocypris carpio koidz in the circulating water system according to claim 1, wherein in the whole fry culturing process, 0.2ppm of chlorine dioxide is periodically used for full-pool splashing to disinfect the culture water, and 0.6ppm of dipterex is used for soaking for 2 hours to prevent diseases of the cultured fishes.
4. The method for artificially culturing and breeding the first filial generation of Gymnocypris durissima in the circulating water system according to claim 1, wherein the multivitamins and the Banhuangsan in the steps (1) and (2) are added for 1 time every 15 days and are continuously added for 3 days, the addition amount is 3% of the daily feeding amount, and the artificial formula feed in the step (2) can be simultaneously added with lactic acid bacteria besides the multivitamins and the Banhuangsan to promote the digestion and absorption of the formula feed by fry.
5. The method for first-generation artificial breeding and parent fish breeding of Gymnocypris durissima in a recirculating aquaculture system according to claim 1, wherein the power of the submersible pump in step (4) is 440-750w, and the water outlet of the submersible pump is connected to 10-15cm above the water surface through a water pipe and fixed, so that water flows into the water from top to bottom at an included angle of 30-40 degrees.
6. The method for the first filial generation artificial breeding and the parent fish breeding of Gymnocypris durissima in the recirculating aquaculture system of claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the water outlet of the submersible pump is wrapped by a soft wet towel.
7. The method for artificially culturing and breeding the first filial generation of Gymnocypris duringii in the recirculating aquaculture system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the whole process of artificial breeding and propagation of the first filial generation of Gymnocypris duringii is carried out in a circulating water breeding system.
8. The method for the first-generation artificial breeding and parent fish breeding of gymnocypris carpio durissima according to claim 1, wherein the protein content in the artificial formula feed is 42% by mass.
9. The method for artificially culturing and breeding the first filial generation of gymnocypris carpio koidzumi in the recirculating aquaculture system according to claim 1, wherein the step (5) of artificial fertilization after anesthesia comprises the specific steps of: taking out the female fish to wipe off the body surface water, extruding the fish eggs into a dry basin, taking out the male fish to wipe off the water on the body surface and the anus, extruding the sperm into the basin, then quickly adding clear water, stirring with feathers for 1-2 minutes to fully mix the sperm and the eggs, then standing for 10-15 minutes, then adding 2-3 times of clear water for repeatedly rinsing for 2-3 times, transferring into an incubation frame or a Uquidae incubator for incubation, disinfecting and cleaning the incubation tool with 10ppm chlorine dioxide in advance, and airing completely.
10. The method for artificially culturing and breeding the first filial generation of Gymnocypris durianus in the recirculating aquaculture system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tubificidae is soaked in 10% saline water by mass for 20 minutes and rinsed clean before feeding.
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| CN113508763A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-10-19 | 安徽农业大学 | Indoor breeding method of Taishi goldfish |
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