CN110725685A - Hydraulic fracturing combined hydraulic blasting roadway large-footage tunneling method and fracturing device - Google Patents
Hydraulic fracturing combined hydraulic blasting roadway large-footage tunneling method and fracturing device Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 177
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of roadway excavation, and particularly relates to a hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic blasting combined roadway large-footage excavation method and a fracturing device. Firstly, arranging profile blast holes on the profile of a working face, and adopting a composite fracturing method combining hydraulic fracturing-blasting fracturing-hydraulic fracturing, firstly forming a wide crack on the profile of the working face of a tunnel, separating a mining area from a non-mining area, effectively preventing the expansion of cracks in other directions, greatly improving the depth and width of crack expansion, enabling hard coal rocks to become looser, facilitating mining and improving the air permeability of a coal bed; in addition, the invention can arrange a plurality of sections of the fracturing devices on the whole blast hole length, seal the blast holes in sections, and realize millisecond delay blasting in the blast holes, thereby realizing multiple disturbance on coal and rock masses, being suitable for ultra-long drilling and large-footage blasting construction, and realizing rapid tunneling of a roadway.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of roadway excavation, and particularly relates to a hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic blasting combined roadway large-footage excavation method and a fracturing device.
Background
In the coal mining process, hard coal rocks are inevitably encountered sometimes, and at the moment, the requirement cannot be met by adopting conventional mechanical coal mining, and the top coal strength must be reduced by adopting a loosening and cracking mode firstly, and then mechanical mining is carried out. Through the search of the prior art documents, the Chinese patent application number 201610500132.X, the name of the invention is: a method for rapidly tunneling a roadway by hydraulic fracturing sectional blasting is disclosed in the publication number CN106150507A, and the patent is as follows: the invention relates to a method for rapidly tunneling a roadway in hard rock under a mine, which comprises the following steps: (1) drilling 5 drill holes parallel to the direction of the heading face on the advanced heading face, wherein the arrangement mode of four drill holes at the outer edge is prismatic, the last hole is arranged in the middle of the prism, a plurality of wedge-shaped ring grooves are sequentially formed in the drill holes from the hole bottoms of the drill holes to the hole openings, and each wedge-shaped ring groove is separated by a certain distance; (2) communicating a water injection hole packer with a high-pressure pipe and a high-pressure water pump, sequentially and one by one pre-cracking each wedge-shaped ring groove from the bottom of the hole, and monitoring water pressure in real time in the high-pressure pre-cracking process; (3) charging four holes arranged in a diamond shape, wherein the number of the charging layers is equal to the number of the wedge-shaped ring grooves, the charging position is the middle position of any two wedge-shaped ring grooves, the charging step is that cartridges are fed into the holes to be tightly connected, then stemming is fed into the holes to be compacted, the first layer of charging is completed, the steps are repeated until all the drill holes are full, after the charging is completed, the stemming is used for hole sealing, a blasting network is connected, and millisecond blasting is adopted for blasting; (4) and injecting corresponding chemical solution into the middle drill hole to realize rapid tunneling of the roadway.
The main defects of the prior art are that the outline shape of the excavation face is difficult to control by 5 drilling explosive charging blasting distributed on the excavation face, and meanwhile, the phenomenon of underexcavation is likely to occur, so that the excavation speed is greatly influenced, and the construction cost is increased.
Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic blasting combined roadway large-scale tunneling method and a hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic blasting combined roadway large-scale tunneling device, which are used for controlling the expansion direction of cracks better, forming a wide crack on a working profile surface of a tunnel firstly, separating a mining area from a non-mining area, effectively preventing the expansion of the cracks in other directions, and simultaneously combining primary hydraulic fracturing, directional blasting fracturing and secondary hydraulic fracturing to greatly improve the expansion depth and width of the cracks, so that hard coal rocks become looser, thereby facilitating mining and improving the air permeability of a coal bed; in addition, the invention can arrange a plurality of sections of the cracking devices on the whole length of the blast hole, seal the cracking devices in sections, and detonate the plurality of sections of the blasting devices simultaneously to realize millisecond delay blasting, thereby realizing multiple disturbance on coal and rock masses.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a hydraulic fracturing combined hydraulic blasting roadway large-footage tunneling method comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling a contour blasting hole along the periphery of a coal rock working surface, placing one or more sections of fracturing devices in the contour blasting hole, arranging the opening direction of an X energy-gathering groove in the fracturing devices along the peripheral contour surface of the working surface, and enabling the direction of a Y energy-gathering groove to face into the working surface;
s2, introducing pressure fracturing water into the contour blasting holes until obvious cracks appear in the coal rock, and stopping water injection; the pressure of the fracturing water is based on the resistance to ground stress and the fracture of the coal rock mass, so as to crack the blast hole.
S3, detonating a fracturing device placed in the contour blasting hole to further expand the cracks in the coal rock and form cracks;
s4, introducing pressure fracturing water into the contour blasting hole after detonation to further expand the crack formed in the S3;
s5, checking the crushing degree of the coal rock on the working face and mechanically mining, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s5a, when the degree of breaking of the coal rock meets the requirement of mechanical mining, directly carrying out mechanical mining;
and S5b, when the crushing degree of the coal rock does not meet the mechanical mining requirement, performing crushing blasting in the middle of the coal rock working face until the crushing blasting meets the mechanical mining requirement, and performing mechanical mining.
In the hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic blasting combined roadway large-footage tunneling method, as a preferable scheme, the S5b specifically includes:
s5b1, drilling a crushing blast hole in the middle of the coal rock working face, and placing a fracturing device in the crushing blast hole, wherein the fracturing device is not provided with an X energy-gathering groove and a Y energy-gathering groove;
s5b2, introducing pressure cracking water into the crushing blast hole with the cracking device, and stopping water injection when the coal rock cracks obviously;
and S5b3, detonating and placing the fracturing device in the crushing blast hole.
In the hydraulic fracturing combined hydraulic blasting roadway large-footage tunneling method, as a preferable scheme, the S5b further includes: s5b4, checking the crushing degree of the coal rocks on the working face; when the crushing degree of the coal rock on the working face meets the requirement of mechanical mining, directly carrying out mechanical mining; and when the crushing degree does not meet the mechanical mining requirement, introducing pressure fracturing water into the crushing blasting hole to perform further pressure fracturing.
In the hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic blasting combined roadway large-footage tunneling method, as a preferable scheme, the blasting in S3 adopts a sectional millisecond delay blasting from a profile blasting orifice to a hole bottom, so as to realize multiple disturbances on coal rocks.
In the hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic blasting combined roadway large-footage tunneling method, as a preferable scheme, the depth of the profile blast hole is greater than that of the breaking blast hole.
The invention also provides a hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic blasting combined roadway large-footage tunneling fracturing device, which specifically comprises hydraulic fracturing equipment and blasting equipment; the water fracturing equipment comprises a hole sealing device, a high-pressure guide pipe and a high-pressure water pump station, wherein the hole sealing device is arranged in a coal hole, the hole sealing device seals the interior of the coal hole into a closed cavity, one end of the high-pressure guide pipe is communicated with the closed cavity, the other end of the high-pressure guide pipe is connected with the high-pressure water pump station, and the high-pressure water pump station is used for introducing pressure fracturing water into the closed cavity; the blasting equipment comprises a blasting device and an initiation device, the blasting device is arranged in the coal hole, and the blasting device is connected with the initiation device through an electric detonator leg wire; the blasting device comprises a pressure-bearing blasting tube, explosives and electric detonators, wherein the pressure-bearing blasting tube is a closed cavity, the external pressure born by the pressure-bearing blasting tube is greater than the pressure of pressure induced cracking water, the explosives and the electric detonators are hermetically filled in the pressure-bearing blasting tube, a V-shaped inner groove along the length direction of the pressure-bearing blasting tube is arranged on the side wall of the pressure-bearing blasting tube and is respectively a Y energy-gathering groove and an X energy-gathering groove, and the opening center lines of the X energy-gathering groove and the Y energy-gathering groove are positioned on the center line of the pressure-bearing blasting tube.
In the hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic blasting combined roadway large-scale tunneling and fracturing device, as a preferred scheme, two X energy-accumulating grooves are arranged, are positioned on the same diameter of the section of the pressure-bearing blasting pipe, and have opposite opening directions; preferably, the opening center line of the Y-shaped energy gathering groove is perpendicular to the connecting line of the two X-shaped energy gathering grooves.
In the hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic blasting combined roadway large-scale tunneling and fracturing device, as a preferred scheme, the blasting device further comprises an energy-gathering tube, the explosive and the electric detonator are arranged in the energy-gathering tube, the energy-gathering tube is arranged in the pressure-bearing blasting tube, a V-shaped groove corresponding to the X energy-gathering groove and the Y energy-gathering groove is arranged on the side wall of the energy-gathering tube, the pressure-bearing blasting tube comprises a barrel body and a cover plate, the barrel body comprises a barrel wall and a barrel bottom, the X energy-gathering groove and the Y energy-gathering groove are arranged on the barrel wall, the cover plate is covered on the barrel body, and the cover plate is provided with an electric detonator foot line through hole; preferably, the cover plate is provided with a connecting part protruding out of the surface of the cover plate, the external profile of the connecting part corresponds to the size of the inner wall of the opening of the cylinder, and the connecting part of the cover plate is sleeved in the cylinder during installation to realize the connection between the cylinder and the cover plate; preferably, the connection part is connected with the cylinder in a sealing manner, and the sealing connection manner can be an adhesive connection, and the purpose of the adhesive connection is to achieve better sealing.
In the hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic blasting combined roadway large-footage tunneling fracturing device, as a preferred scheme, a plurality of hole sealing devices are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the coal hole, the coal hole is divided into a plurality of sections of closed blasting sections by the plurality of hole sealing devices, and the plurality of blasting sections are respectively communicated with a high-pressure water pump station; and blasting devices are respectively arranged in the blasting sections and are respectively connected with the detonating device.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following excellent effects:
1. the invention overcomes the randomness of crack propagation in the prior art, adopts a composite cracking mode of firstly injecting high-pressure water for cracking, then expanding cracks by energy accumulation blasting, and finally injecting high-pressure water, so that a mining working profile surface can generate wide cracks, a mining area and a non-mining area of a working surface are effectively isolated, and the stability of coal rock of the non-mining area is improved.
2. The composite fracturing mode has good fracturing effect and controllable fracturing direction, is suitable for ultra-long drilling and large-footage ground blasting construction, and can realize rapid tunneling of a roadway.
3. The energy-gathering pipe is added into the fracturing device, so that the direction and the trend of the large crack can be controlled. The uncertainty of the crack direction generated by blasting in the prior art is avoided.
4. The invention adopts the multi-section fracturing device, and carries out millisecond delay blasting from outside to inside in sections, thereby increasing the disturbance times of blasting on the coal rock, continuously increasing the loosening degree of the coal rock, avoiding the phenomenon of undermining generated in blasting in the prior art from influencing the tunneling speed, and greatly improving the coal rock mining area efficiency.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of a coal rock borehole internal fracturing device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-footage tunneling and fracturing device for a hydraulic fracturing combined hydraulic blasting roadway according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a blasting apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a coal rock fracture distribution diagram after performing contour blasting according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a coal hole layout view according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a blasting device in an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a contour blast hole; 2. cracking water; 3. breaking the blast hole; 4. a hole sealing device; 5. a high-pressure flow guide pipe; 6. a high pressure water pump station; 7. a detonating device; 8. a pressure-bearing blasting tube; 801. a barrel; 802. a cover plate; 803. a connecting portion; 804. the electric detonator leg wire penetrates through the hole; 9. a blasting device; 10. an electric detonator leg wire; 11. a Y energy gathering groove; 12. an X energy gathering groove; 13. an energy-gathering tube; 14. coal rock in a mining area; 15. coal rocks in non-mining areas.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are for convenience of description of the present invention only and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "connected" and "connected" used herein should be interpreted broadly, and may include, for example, a fixed connection or a detachable connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate members, and specific meanings of the above terms will be understood by those skilled in the art as appropriate.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, a hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic blasting combined roadway large-scale tunneling method is provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling a contour blasting hole 1 along the periphery of a coal rock working surface, placing one or more sections of fracturing devices in the contour blasting hole 1, arranging the opening direction of an X energy-gathering groove 12 in each fracturing device along the peripheral contour surface of the working surface, and enabling the direction of a Y energy-gathering groove 11 to face the working surface; the inner diameter of the profile blasthole 1 is preferably phi 60mm, and the outer diameter of the fracturing device is preferably phi 35 mm. In this embodiment, a contour blast hole refers to a coal hole drilled along the face contour.
S2, introducing pressure fracturing water 2 into the contour blasting holes 1 until obvious cracks appear in the coal rock, and stopping injecting water;
s3, detonating the fracturing device arranged in the contour blast hole 1; as shown in fig. 4, the cracks are further formed by further expanding the micro cracks generated by water fracturing in S2 through blasting, and the opening directions of the X energy collecting grooves 12 of the fracturing devices in the plurality of profile blastholes 1 are connected to form a profile, so that a distinct crack is formed between the coal rocks of the mining area and the coal rocks of the non-mining area, and the mining area is separated from the non-mining area. In the blasting process, because the cracks and coal holes generated in S2 are filled with the fracturing water 2, the energy transfer efficiency is high by utilizing the incompressibility of water during blasting, and excessive crushing is reduced. In the blasting process, the opening direction of the Y-shaped energy groove 11 faces the working face (i.e., faces the mining area), and some cracks are blasted on the coal rock in the working face (only large cracks generated in the direction of the energy groove are listed in the figure, and specific fine cracks are not shown).
S4, introducing pressure fracturing water 2 into the detonated contour blasting hole 1 to further expand the crack formed in the S3; the cracks of the coal rock are further expanded along the direction of the energy-gathering grooves, a wider hydraulic pressure crack is formed, and small cracks are accompanied. By means of the repeated hydraulic fracturing, cracks between the coal rocks 14 in the mining area and the coal rocks 15 in the non-mining area are wider, cracks in the working face of the mining area are wider and more, the coal rocks 14 in the mining area are further broken, and subsequent mechanical mining is facilitated.
S5, checking the crushing degree of the coal rock on the working face and mechanically mining, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s5a, when the degree of breaking of the coal rock meets the requirement of mechanical mining, directly carrying out mechanical mining;
and S5b, when the crushing degree of the coal rock does not meet the mechanical mining requirement, performing crushing blasting in the middle of the coal rock working face until the crushing blasting meets the mechanical mining requirement, and performing mechanical mining. The mechanical mining requirement refers to the degree of coal rock breakage when the mining machine acting on the working face can perform normal mining, and the steps specifically comprise:
s5b1, drilling a crushing blast hole 3 in the middle of a coal rock working face, placing a fracturing device in the crushing blast hole 3, wherein the fracturing device is not provided with an X energy-gathering groove 12 and a Y energy-gathering groove 11, namely the outer surface of a cylinder 801 of the fracturing device is cylindrical, so that the blasting direction is not intentionally restricted, and the crushing effect on the periphery of the hole during blasting is better; in this embodiment, the blast hole refers to a coal hole drilled in the working face.
S5b2, introducing pressure cracking water 2 into the crushing and blasting hole 3 provided with the cracking device, and stopping water injection when obvious cracks appear in the coal rock;
and S5b3, detonating the fracturing device arranged in the fracturing and blasting hole 3.
Further, S5b further includes:
s5b4, checking the crushing degree of the coal rocks on the working face;
when the crushing degree of the coal rock on the working face meets the requirement of mechanical mining, directly carrying out mechanical mining; and when the crushing degree does not meet the mechanical mining condition, introducing pressure fracturing water 2 into the crushing and blasting holes 3 for further pressure fracturing.
Further, the blasting in S3 employs a segmented millisecond delay blasting from the 1 st opening of the contour blasthole to the bottom of the hole (i.e., a gradual blasting from the opening of the hole to the bottom of the hole) to achieve multiple perturbations on the coal.
Further, the depth of the contour blasthole 1 is greater than the depth of the fracture blasthole 3. The profile blast hole 1 is mainly used for separating coal rocks to be mined from coal rocks in a peripheral non-mining area and preventing blasting from influencing the stability of the coal rocks 15 in the peripheral non-mining area, and the depth of the profile blast hole 1 is larger than that of the breaking blast hole 3, so that the crack of the coal rocks in the middle of a working face can be effectively reduced from expanding to the non-mining area.
In this embodiment, when the coal hole (including profile blast hole 1 and broken blast hole 3) still needs to be subjected to water pressure fracturing after blasting, if the broken serious water leakage that causes of the coal orifice after blasting, can be with hole sealing device 4 toward the one end distance of coal hole inside propelling movement, make this coal hole satisfy the water injection and lead the condition of splitting.
The invention also provides a hydraulic fracturing combined hydraulic blasting roadway large-footage tunneling fracturing device adopted in the method, which comprises the following steps:
the water is sent and is split equipment, and water is sent and is split equipment includes hole sealing device 4, high pressure honeycomb duct 5 and high pressure water pump station 6, and hole sealing device 4 sets up in the coal hole, and hole sealing device 4 seals the coal hole inside for airtight cavity, and the one end and the airtight cavity intercommunication of high pressure honeycomb duct 5, the other end and high pressure water pump station 6 are connected, and high pressure water pump station 6 is used for letting in pressure to send and splits water 2 to airtight cavity.
The blasting equipment comprises a blasting device 9 and a detonating device 7, wherein the blasting device 9 is arranged in a coal hole, and the blasting device 9 is connected with the detonating device 7 through an electric detonator leg wire 10; the blasting device 9 comprises a pressure-bearing blasting tube 8, explosives and electric detonators, the pressure-bearing blasting tube 8 is a closed cavity, the external pressure born by the pressure-bearing blasting tube 8 is greater than the pressure of the pressure fracturing water 2, the explosives and the electric detonators are hermetically filled in the pressure-bearing blasting tube 8, a V-shaped inner groove along the length direction of the pressure-bearing blasting tube 8 is arranged on the side wall of the pressure-bearing blasting tube 8 and is respectively a Y energy-gathering groove 11 and an X energy-gathering groove 12, and the opening center lines of the X energy-gathering groove 12 and the Y energy-gathering groove 11 are positioned on the center line of the pressure. The angle of the V-shaped inner groove is 45-60 degrees (such as 45 degrees, 48 degrees, 50 degrees, 52 degrees, 55 degrees, 58 degrees and 60 degrees). In the present embodiment, the electric detonator leg wire 10 includes a plastic plug, a positive pole leg wire and a negative pole leg wire, the positive pole leg wire and the negative pole leg wire are fixed in the plastic plug, and the plastic plug is hermetically installed in the electric detonator leg wire penetrating hole.
Furthermore, two X energy-gathering grooves 12 are arranged, the two X energy-gathering grooves 12 are positioned on the same diameter of the section of the pressure-bearing blasting pipe 8, and the opening directions are opposite; preferably, the opening centerline of the Y shaped concentrator 11 is perpendicular to the line connecting the two X shaped concentrators 12.
Furthermore, the blasting device 9 further comprises an energy collecting pipe 13, the explosive and the electric detonator are arranged in the energy collecting pipe 13, the energy collecting pipe 13 is arranged in the pressure-bearing blasting pipe 8, a V-shaped groove corresponding to the X energy collecting groove 12 and the Y energy collecting groove 11 is arranged on the side wall of the energy collecting pipe 13, the pressure-bearing blasting pipe 8 comprises a cylinder body 801 and a cover plate 802, the cylinder body 801 comprises a cylinder wall and a cylinder bottom, the X energy collecting groove 12 and the Y energy collecting groove 11 are arranged on the cylinder wall, the cover plate 802 covers the cylinder body 801, and the cover plate 802 is provided with an electric detonator lead wire 804 through hole for facilitating the penetration of the electric detonator lead wire 10; in use, the plastic plug of the electric detonator leg wire 10 is fitted into the electric detonator leg wire passing hole 804 and the connection portion is subjected to sealing treatment. Preferably, the cover plate 802 is provided with a connecting part 803 protruding out of the surface of the cover plate 802, the external contour of the connecting part 803 corresponds to the size of the inner wall of the opening of the cylinder 801, and the connecting part 803 of the cover plate 802 is sleeved in the cylinder 801 during installation to realize the connection between the cylinder 801 and the cover plate 802. In order to make the connection more compact, the inner wall of the cylinder 801 and the side wall of the connecting part 803 are coated with adhesive, and after the connecting part 803 is sleeved in the cylinder 801, the sealing connection is realized through the adhesive. Preferably, the cover plate 802 and the cylinder 801 are made of metal, and the tensile crack resistance of the pressure-bearing blasting tube 8 is higher than the tensile crack resistance limit value of coal rock, that is to say, the pressure-bearing blasting tube 8 is ensured not to deform when the water pressure before blasting cracks. In this embodiment, the outside diameter of the energy concentrating tube 13 is 33mm, and the length of the pressure-containing blasting tube 8 is 3m (i.e., the length of the pressure-containing blasting tube 8 is 3 m).
Furthermore, a plurality of hole sealing devices 4 are arranged, the hole sealing devices 4 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the coal hole, the coal hole is divided into a plurality of sections of closed blasting sections by the hole sealing devices 4, and the plurality of blasting sections are respectively communicated with the high-pressure water pump station 6; and the blasting devices 9 are respectively arranged in the plurality of blasting sections, and the blasting devices 9 are respectively connected with the detonating device 7.
Example 1
Blasting and tunneling construction is carried out by adopting a blast hole layout diagram as shown in fig. 5, wherein the diagram comprises a peripheral outline blast hole 1 row of cloth layers a and a broken blast hole 3 row of cloth layers b, c, d and e; when blasting construction is carried out, the drilling sequence of the coal holes is a-b-c-d-e, namely, the drilling and blasting of the cloth layer a on the row of the outline blasting holes 1 are firstly carried out; then checking whether the coal rock crushing condition meets the mechanical mining condition, and drilling and blasting the cloth layer b in the row 3 of the crushing and blasting holes when the coal rock crushing condition does not meet the mechanical mining condition; and then, checking the coal rock crushing degree, drilling and blasting the 3 rows of cloth layers c of the crushing blasting holes when the mechanical mining condition is not met, and analogizing according to the principle until the drilling and blasting of the 3 rows of cloth layers e of the crushing blasting holes are carried out. In the coal hole arrangement diagram, the direction of the energy-gathering grooves in the Y direction has no corresponding relation with each crushing blasting hole 3, so that the crushing blasting effect is optimal. As shown in fig. 5, the closer to the tunneling contour surface, the shorter the distance between the arrangement layers of the breaking and blasting holes 3, so that the arrangement has the advantage of facilitating the formation of continuous and through large cracks at the edge of the tunneling contour surface to play a role in isolation; the method avoids the difficulty of propagating cracks and blasting vibration to the outside of the working face coal rock during blasting of the working face in the mining area, and improves the stability of the non-mining area of the coal mine tunnel.
In conclusion, the hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic blasting combined roadway large-scale tunneling method overcomes the randomness of crack expansion in the prior art, adopts a composite fracturing mode of injecting high-pressure water for fracturing, then performing contour blasting to widen cracks and finally injecting high-pressure water, so that a mining working profile surface can generate wide cracks, a mining area and a non-mining area of a working surface are effectively isolated, and the stability of coal and rock of the non-mining area is improved. The energy-gathering pipe provided with the energy-gathering groove is added into the fracturing device, so that the direction and the trend of the large crack can be controlled. The instability of the effect of adding chemical agents and the uncertainty of the effect in the prior art are avoided. The invention adopts a multi-section fracturing device, and millisecond delay blasting is carried out from outside to inside in sections, so that the disturbance frequency of blasting on the coal rock is increased, the loosening degree of the coal rock is continuously increased, and the coal rock mining efficiency is greatly improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A hydraulic fracturing combined hydraulic blasting roadway large-scale tunneling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, drilling a contour blasting hole along the periphery of a coal rock working surface, placing one or more sections of fracturing devices in the contour blasting hole, arranging the opening direction of an X energy-gathering groove in the fracturing devices along the peripheral contour surface of the working surface, and enabling the direction of a Y energy-gathering groove to face into the working surface;
s2, introducing pressure fracturing water into the contour blasting holes until obvious cracks appear in the coal rock, and stopping water injection;
s3, detonating a fracturing device placed in the contour blasting hole to further expand the cracks in the coal rock and form cracks;
s4, introducing pressure fracturing water into the contour blasting hole after detonation to further expand the crack formed in the S3;
s5, checking the crushing degree of the coal rock on the working face and mechanically mining, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s5a, when the degree of breaking of the coal rock meets the requirement of mechanical mining, directly carrying out mechanical mining;
and S5b, when the crushing degree of the coal rock does not meet the mechanical mining requirement, performing crushing blasting in the middle of the coal rock working face until the crushing blasting meets the mechanical mining requirement, and performing mechanical mining.
2. The hydraulic fracturing combined hydraulic blasting roadway large-entry tunneling method according to claim 1, wherein the S5b specifically comprises the following steps:
s5b1, drilling a crushing blast hole in the middle of the coal rock working face, and placing a fracturing device in the crushing blast hole, wherein the fracturing device is not provided with an X energy-gathering groove and a Y energy-gathering groove;
s5b2, introducing pressure cracking water into the crushing blast hole with the cracking device, and stopping water injection when the coal rock cracks obviously;
and S5b3, detonating and placing the fracturing device in the crushing blast hole.
3. The hydraulic fracturing combined hydraulic blasting roadway large-entry tunneling method according to claim 2, wherein the S5b further comprises:
s5b4, checking the crushing degree of the coal rocks on the working face;
when the crushing degree of the coal rock on the working face meets the requirement of mechanical mining, directly carrying out mechanical mining; and when the crushing degree does not meet the mechanical mining requirement, introducing pressure fracturing water into the crushing blasting hole to perform further pressure fracturing.
4. The hydraulic fracturing combined hydraulic blasting roadway large-advance tunneling method according to claim 1, wherein the blasting in the S3 is segmented millisecond delay blasting from a profile blasting orifice to the bottom of a hole so as to achieve multiple disturbances of coal and rock.
5. The hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic blasting combined roadway large-entry tunneling method according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the profile blast hole is greater than the depth of the breaking blast hole.
6. The utility model provides a hydraulic fracturing is jointly hydraulic pressure blasting tunnel large-scale footage tunnelling and is sent and splits device which characterized in that includes:
the water fracturing equipment comprises a hole sealing device, a high-pressure guide pipe and a high-pressure water pump station, wherein the hole sealing device is arranged in a coal hole, the hole sealing device seals the interior of the coal hole into a closed cavity, one end of the high-pressure guide pipe is communicated with the closed cavity, the other end of the high-pressure guide pipe is connected with the high-pressure water pump station, and the high-pressure water pump station is used for introducing pressure fracturing water into the closed cavity;
the blasting equipment comprises a blasting device and an initiation device, the blasting device is arranged in the coal hole, and the blasting device is connected with the initiation device through an electric detonator leg wire; the blasting device comprises a pressure-bearing blasting tube, explosives and electric detonators, wherein the pressure-bearing blasting tube is a closed cavity, the external pressure born by the pressure-bearing blasting tube is greater than the pressure of pressure induced cracking water, the explosives and the electric detonators are hermetically filled in the pressure-bearing blasting tube, a V-shaped inner groove along the length direction of the pressure-bearing blasting tube is arranged on the side wall of the pressure-bearing blasting tube and is respectively a Y energy-gathering groove and an X energy-gathering groove, and the opening center lines of the X energy-gathering groove and the Y energy-gathering groove are positioned on the center line of the pressure-bearing blasting tube.
7. The hydraulic fracturing combined hydraulic blasting roadway large-scale tunneling and fracturing device according to claim 6, wherein the number of the X energy-accumulating grooves is two, the two X energy-accumulating grooves are located on the same diameter of the section of the pressure-bearing blasting pipe, and the opening directions of the X energy-accumulating grooves are opposite;
preferably, the opening center line of the Y-shaped energy gathering groove is perpendicular to the connecting line of the two X-shaped energy gathering grooves.
8. The hydraulic fracturing combined hydraulic blasting roadway large-scale tunneling and fracturing device according to claim 7, further comprising an energy collecting pipe, wherein the explosive and the electric detonator are arranged in the energy collecting pipe, the energy collecting pipe is arranged in the pressure bearing blasting pipe, a V-shaped groove corresponding to the X energy collecting groove and the Y energy collecting groove is arranged on the side wall of the energy collecting pipe, the pressure bearing blasting pipe comprises a cylinder body and a cover plate, the cylinder body comprises a cylinder wall and a cylinder bottom, the X energy collecting groove and the Y energy collecting groove are arranged on the cylinder wall, the cover plate covers the cylinder body, and the cover plate is provided with an electric detonator foot line through hole.
9. The hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic blasting roadway large-scale tunneling and fracturing device according to claim 8, wherein the cover plate is provided with a connecting part protruding out of the surface of the cover plate, the outer contour of the connecting part corresponds to the size of the inner wall of the opening of the cylinder body, and the connecting part of the cover plate is sleeved in the cylinder body during installation so as to realize the connection between the cylinder body and the cover plate.
10. The hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic blasting combined roadway large-scale tunneling and fracturing device according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of hole sealing devices are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the coal hole, the coal hole is divided into a plurality of sections of closed blasting sections by the plurality of hole sealing devices, and the plurality of blasting sections are respectively communicated with a high-pressure water pump station; and blasting devices are respectively arranged in the blasting sections and are respectively connected with the detonating device.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111075422A (en) * | 2020-02-05 | 2020-04-28 | 山东科技大学 | Blasting method utilizing hydraulic fracturing |
| CN112943279A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-11 | 中国建筑一局(集团)有限公司 | Construction method for tunneling hard rock roadway by adopting hydraulic fracturing and directional blasting |
| CN113153292A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-07-23 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for quickly crossing hard rock fault by hydraulic fracturing of underground coal face of coal mine |
-
2019
- 2019-10-30 CN CN201911046566.7A patent/CN110725685A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111075422A (en) * | 2020-02-05 | 2020-04-28 | 山东科技大学 | Blasting method utilizing hydraulic fracturing |
| CN112943279A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-11 | 中国建筑一局(集团)有限公司 | Construction method for tunneling hard rock roadway by adopting hydraulic fracturing and directional blasting |
| CN113153292A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-07-23 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for quickly crossing hard rock fault by hydraulic fracturing of underground coal face of coal mine |
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