CN110724858A - Preparation method of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or blank - Google Patents
Preparation method of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or blank Download PDFInfo
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- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of semi-solid metal preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or blank. The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or blank. The method comprises the following steps: a. preheating the aluminum-silicon alloy, melting, stirring, standing, and adjusting the temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt; b. adding rare earth elements into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt, stirring, standing for the first time, adjusting the temperature, refining, stirring and slagging off, and adjusting the temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt; c. coating the aluminum alloy casting coating on the inner wall of a mechanical roller, drying and preheating; d. injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt into a mechanical roller, and stirring to obtain hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semisolid slurry; e. and pouring the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry into a metal ingot mold, and solidifying to obtain the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid blank. The invention enhances the refining effect through rare earth modification and rheological treatment when the eutectic silicon is separated out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of semi-solid metal preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or blank.
Background
Aluminum-silicon alloy is one of the most commonly used alloys in industrial production, and is widely applied to the industries of transportation, aerospace and the like. In the 21 st century, with the rising of crude oil price, social progress and rapid development of manufacturing technology, under the requirements of energy conservation and weight reduction, in the industrial industries such as transportation, aviation and the like, materials used are further developed towards light weight for achieving the purposes of high speed, high efficiency and energy conservation.
The hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy has the advantages of small specific gravity, high strength, good wear resistance, good casting forming, high dimensional stability and the like, is gradually replacing part of steel materials under the requirements of energy conservation and light weight, and is widely applied to industries of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, machinery manufacturing, ships and the like. The content of Si in the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy widely applied to industry is 13-18 wt%, and the service performance of the series of alloys is closely related to the content and the form of Si element. The Si element tends to be present in the alloy as coarse primary silicon plus eutectic silicon of different morphologies. Generally, the alloy has coarse primary silicon in a five-petal star shape, a plate shape, an octahedron shape and other complex shapes, and acicular, lath-shaped or even blocky eutectic silicon, which seriously cut an alloy matrix, and under the action of external force, local stress concentration is easily caused at the tip and the corner of a silicon phase in the alloy, so that the mechanical property of the alloy is obviously reduced, and the plasticity and the wear resistance of the alloy are particularly influenced. Therefore, the research on the refining process of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy primary silicon and the eutectic silicon has great significance on the mechanical property and the application and the popularization of the series of alloys.
The refinement and passivation of Si phase, especially primary silicon, is the premise of improving the comprehensive performance of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy, and the treatment of chemical alterant is the more mainstream solution at present. A large number of researches show that the rare earth elements can refine eutectic silicon, but a great deal of controversy exists on the problem of refining primary silicon. Since the compound formed by rare earth elements and Al has a large difference with the crystal structure of Si, and cannot become an effective heterogeneous crystal nucleus of Si, cerium is generally considered to be incapable of refining primary crystal silicon alone like phosphorus. However, it is also considered that cerium is added to an Al-Si alloy to produce (Al2Si2) The Ce ternary compound is likely to be responsible for nascent silicon refinement, the mechanism of which can be explained by adsorption theory. Research finds that the rare earth lanthanum can form a lanthanum-rich phase which can wrap part of primary silicon to prevent the primary silicon from growing when being solidified; in addition, lanthanum can also effectively refine eutectic silicon through a poisoning effect.
In the 70 s of the 20 th century, the semi-solid forming technology developed by Flemings et al of the science and technology of the United states of America, utilizes the characteristic that solid and liquid coexist when metals are mutually transformed between solid and liquid phases, and reduces the processing temperature of the alloy and the deformation resistance of the metals, thereby providing a new way for near-net forming of parts with complex shapes and high precision. The mechanical stirring method is one of the most effective and rapid methods for preparing the semi-solid slurry, and achieves the purposes of dendritic crystal breaking and grain refinement by applying mechanical shearing force to a melt in the solidification process. (such as Chinese patent: CN 2471450Y; Japanese patent: patent No. 1-192447; U.S. patent: patent No. 5501266, 5040589 and 3958650), and the recently proposed near liquidus casting method (Chinese patent: patent publication No. CN1305876A) expands the concept of semi-solid preparation technology, so that the semi-solid treatment of the alloy is not limited to a solid-liquid two-phase region, and the application range of the preparation process is expanded. However, the working occasions of the method need to be carried out under the high-temperature condition, which is not favorable for refining the silicon phase; in addition, the alloy melt of a single treatment is limited and cannot meet the requirement of subsequent continuous casting and forming. Thirdly, the formation of the eutectic silicon phase usually occurs at the later stage of alloy solidification, at this time, the viscosity of the alloy melt is high, the mechanical stirring resistance is large, and the pure mechanical stirring efficiency is reduced.
Patent document CN103381472B proposes a method for effectively preparing a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid structure, so that the size of primary silicon in a semi-solid melt is effectively refined, but the method does not see the effect of improving the morphology of eutectic silicon, so that the performance of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid rheological slurry is not optimized to a greater extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or blank.
The invention provides a preparation method of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or blank. The method comprises the following steps:
a. preheating the aluminum-silicon alloy, melting, stirring, standing for the first time, stirring and slagging off, standing for the second time, and adjusting the temperature of an aluminum-silicon alloy melt to be 50-80 ℃ higher than the temperature of an aluminum-silicon alloy liquid phase line;
b. b, adding the preheated and dried rare earth elements into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt after the second standing in the step a, stirring after the rare earth elements are melted, standing for the first time, cooling, refining, stirring and slagging off, standing for the second time, and adjusting the temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt to be 30-60 ℃ higher than the liquidus temperature;
c. coating the aluminum alloy casting coating on the inner wall of a mechanical roller, drying and preheating;
d. injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step b into a mechanical roller through a quantitative pouring system, and stirring to obtain hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry;
e. and pouring the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry into a metal ingot mold, and solidifying to obtain the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid blank.
In the step a, the mass percentage of Si content in the aluminum-silicon alloy is 13-18%.
Further, in the step a, the liquidus temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy is 590-700 ℃.
Further, in the step b, the rare earth element is at least one of lanthanum or cerium.
Furthermore, the weight percentage of the rare earth element in the aluminum-silicon alloy melt is 0.1-5 wt%.
Wherein, the rare earth lanthanum and cerium are added in a simple substance form or a mixed rare earth form, and the total amount of the rare earth elements is only required to be 0.1-5 wt% of the weight percentage of the alloy melt.
Further, in the step a, the preheating temperature is 150-250 ℃.
Further, in the step a, the stirring temperature is 670-750 ℃.
The first standing time is 10-15 min.
And the time for the second standing is 10-20 min.
Further, in the step b, the stirring temperature is 670-750 ℃.
The first standing time is 10-15 min.
The refining temperature is 680-720 ℃, and the refining time is 10-15 min.
And the time for the second standing is 10-20 min.
Further, in the step c, the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃.
Further, in the step d, the inclination angle of the mechanical roller relative to the horizontal ground is 10-70 ℃.
Further, in the step d, the stirring speed of the mechanical roller is 10-500 r/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) aiming at the characteristic that a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy primary silicon phase is separated out when a melt is cooled to be close to a liquidus line, a mechanical stirring method is adopted in combination with rare earth chemical modification, and mechanical force can be applied to the primary silicon when the primary silicon begins to be separated out, so that the purpose of crushing the primary silicon is achieved; the refining effect is enhanced through rare earth modification when the eutectic silicon is separated out; and simultaneously meets the requirement of high mechanical property of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
(2) The method has high efficiency of preparing the hypereutectic aluminum alloy slurry or the blank, can prepare the casting with good surface quality and excellent mechanical property by combining with the molding technologies such as extrusion casting, high-pressure casting, counter-pressure casting and the like, and has great market popularization value.
(3) The method has simple process steps and easy implementation, reduces the production cost of equipment, and simultaneously improves the preparation efficiency of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy with primary silicon and fine eutectic silicon.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of the aluminum-silicon alloy of type YL117 without treatment and direct water quenching.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of the alloy semi-solid slurry treated by the method of the present invention after water quenching.
Fig. 3 is a microstructure of the present invention using an aluminum silicon alloy model YL117 cast directly into an ingot mold without any treatment.
FIG. 4 is a microstructure of the alloy after solidification in an ingot mold after treatment by the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In particular, the invention provides a preparation method of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or blank. The method comprises the following steps:
a. preheating the aluminum-silicon alloy, melting, stirring, standing for the first time, stirring and slagging off, standing for the second time, and adjusting the temperature of an aluminum-silicon alloy melt to be 50-80 ℃ higher than the temperature of an aluminum-silicon alloy liquid phase line;
b. b, adding the preheated and dried rare earth elements into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt after the second standing in the step a, stirring after the rare earth elements are melted, standing for the first time, cooling, refining, stirring and slagging off, standing for the second time, and adjusting the temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt to be 30-60 ℃ higher than the liquidus temperature;
c. coating the aluminum alloy casting coating on the inner wall of a mechanical roller, drying and preheating;
d. injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step b into a mechanical roller through a quantitative pouring system, and stirring to obtain hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry;
e. and pouring the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry into a metal ingot mold, and solidifying to obtain the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid blank.
In the step a, the mass percent of Si in the aluminum-silicon alloy is 13-18%, and the liquidus temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy is 590-700 ℃. The aluminum alloy casting coating in step c of the present invention is a coating of common general knowledge of those skilled in the art.
The invention creatively adopts the low superheat semi-solid mechanical stirring and rare earth chemical modification composite treatment process to prepare the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or blank with refined silicon phase. Pouring at least one of rare earth elements lanthanum or cerium modified alloy liquid with low superheat degree into a mechanical roller rotating at high speed, and solidifying the metal liquid under the chilling action of the inner wall of the roller to generate a large amount of primary silicon crystal nuclei. The high-speed rotation of the roller generates strong shearing force to the metal melt, so as to promote primary silicon crystal nucleus generated by chilling to fall off from the inner wall and be dissociated in the melt, thereby improving the nucleation rate. The strong shear forces inhibit the growth of the primary silicon, causing the tip corners produced during the faceted growth to break up and become rounded.
In addition, the strong stirring of the roller enables the rare earth element components in the alloy melt to tend to be uniform, and the rare earth element components attach to the front edge of the eutectic silicon in the solidification process, so that the eutectic silicon is effectively refined. On the other hand, the dendritic primary aluminum generated in the non-equilibrium solidification process of the molten metal is crushed under high-speed shearing, and the performance of the casting after slurry forming can be further improved. The hypereutectic semi-solid aluminum-silicon alloy slurry of silicon phase with fine crystal grains and smooth edges is prepared under the comprehensive action of chilling, shearing and chemical modification through mechanical stirring and rare earth modification composite treatment.
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following specific examples.
The raw materials and equipment used in the embodiment of the present invention are known products and obtained by purchasing commercially available products.
Example 1 method for preparing hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry by the method of the present invention
Step a: the model is AlSi12Preheating Cu aluminum-silicon alloy (wherein the weight percentage content of Si is 12.5-13.5%, the liquidus temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy is 600-610 ℃) at the temperature of 150-250 ℃, melting, stirring at 670-750 ℃, standing for 10-15 minutes for the first time, stirring and slagging off, and standing for 10-20 minutes for the second time to make the melt temperature 690 ℃.
Step b: adding 0.1 wt% of lanthanum-cerium misch metal, stirring at 690 ℃ after the rare earth element is melted, standing for 10-15 minutes for the first time, cooling to 680 ℃, refining for 10-15 minutes, stirring and slagging off, standing for 10-20 minutes for the second time, and adjusting the temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt to be 30 ℃ higher than the liquidus temperature of the alloy.
Step c: the casting aluminum alloy coating of Weifang Huashi casting material Limited company is smeared on the inner wall of a mechanical roller, dried and preheated at 200-300 ℃.
Step d: and quickly injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt into a mechanical roller with an inclination angle of 10 degrees relative to the horizontal ground through a quantitative pouring system, and stirring at the speed of 10r/min to obtain the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry.
Example 2 method for preparing hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry by the method of the present invention
Step a: preheating an aluminum-silicon alloy (wherein the weight percentage content of Si is 16-18%, the liquidus temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy is 690-700 ℃) with the model of YL117 at the temperature of 150-250 ℃, melting, stirring at 670-750 ℃, standing for 10-15 minutes for the first time, stirring and slagging off, and standing for 10-20 minutes for the second time to enable the temperature of a melt to be 770 ℃.
Step b: adding 5 wt% of cerium, stirring at 670 ℃ after rare earth elements are melted, standing for 10-15 minutes for the first time, adjusting the temperature to 720 ℃, refining for 10-15 minutes, stirring and slagging off, standing for 10-20 minutes for the second time, and adjusting the temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt to be 40 ℃ higher than the liquidus temperature of the alloy.
Step c: the casting aluminum alloy coating of Weifang Huashi casting materials Limited company is coated on the inner wall of a mechanical roller, dried and preheated at 300 ℃.
Step d: and quickly injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt into a mechanical roller with an inclination angle of 45 degrees relative to the horizontal ground through a quantitative pouring system, and stirring at the speed of 80r/min to obtain the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry.
Example 3 method for preparing hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid billet by using the method of the present invention
Step a: preheating an aluminum-silicon alloy (wherein the weight percentage content of Si is 16-18%, the liquidus temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy is 690-700 ℃) with the model of YL117 at the temperature of 150-250 ℃, melting, stirring at 670-750 ℃, standing for 10-15 minutes for the first time, stirring and slagging off, and standing for 10-20 minutes for the second time to make the melt temperature 780 ℃.
Step b: adding 0.1 wt% of cerium, stirring at 750 ℃ after the rare earth elements are melted, standing for 10-15 minutes for the first time, cooling to 720 ℃, refining for 10-15 minutes, stirring and slagging off, standing for 10-20 minutes for the second time, and adjusting the temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt to be 50 ℃ higher than the liquidus temperature of the alloy.
Step c: the casting aluminum alloy coating of Weifang Huashi casting material Limited company is smeared on the inner wall of a mechanical roller, dried and preheated at 200-300 ℃.
Step d: and quickly injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt into a mechanical roller with an inclination angle of 30 degrees relative to the horizontal ground through a quantitative pouring system, and stirring at the speed of 300r/min to obtain the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry.
Step e: and directly pouring the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry into a metal ingot mold, and solidifying to obtain the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid blank.
Example 4 method for preparing hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid billet by using the method of the present invention
Step a: preheating an aluminum-silicon alloy (wherein the weight percentage content of Si is 16-18%, the liquidus temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy is 690-700 ℃) with the model of YL117 at the temperature of 150-250 ℃, melting, stirring at 670-750 ℃, standing for 10-15 minutes for the first time, stirring and slagging off, and standing for 10-20 minutes for the second time to ensure that the temperature of a melt is 760 ℃.
Step b: adding 5 wt% of misch metal cerium and lanthanum, stirring at 740 ℃ after rare earth elements are melted, standing for 10-15 minutes for the first time, cooling to 730 ℃, refining for 10-15 minutes, stirring and slagging off, standing for 10-20 minutes for the second time, and adjusting the temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt to be 40 ℃ higher than the liquidus temperature of the alloy.
Step c: the casting aluminum alloy coating of Weifang Huashi casting materials Limited company is coated on the inner wall of a mechanical roller, dried and preheated at 250 ℃.
Step d: and quickly injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt into a mechanical roller with an inclination angle of 30 degrees relative to the horizontal ground through a quantitative pouring system, and stirring at the speed of 400r/min to obtain the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry.
Step e: and directly pouring the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry into a metal ingot mold, and solidifying to obtain the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid blank.
The implementation effect is as follows:
fig. 1 shows a microstructure of YL117 alloy which is not modified by rare earth and is directly quenched by water after being treated by mechanical stirring, and fig. 2 shows a microstructure of the alloy semi-solid slurry after being quenched by water after being treated by the method of the invention. As is apparent from FIG. 1, after the treatment of the invention, the sizes of primary silicon and eutectic silicon of YL117 alloy are obviously refined, the edge angle of primary silicon crystal grains is smooth, the eutectic silicon is changed from original block shape to nearly spherical shape, the shape is perfectly optimized, and the invention is very suitable for subsequent die-casting forming. Fig. 3 shows the microstructure of YL117 alloy directly poured into the ingot mould without any treatment, and fig. 4 shows the microstructure of the alloy after solidification in the ingot mould after treatment by the method of the invention. Comparing fig. 3 and 4, it can be seen that YL117 primary silicon particles are increased in number, significantly refined in size and passivated; the eutectic silicon is changed into a short fiber shape from an original strip block shape, the shape is greatly optimized, and the eutectic silicon is very suitable for subsequent thixoforming.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or blank comprises the following steps of (by mass percentage) 13-18% of Si content in the aluminum-silicon alloy, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a. preheating the aluminum-silicon alloy, melting, stirring, standing for the first time, stirring and slagging off, standing for the second time, and adjusting the temperature of an aluminum-silicon alloy melt to be 50-80 ℃ higher than the temperature of an aluminum-silicon alloy liquid phase line;
b. b, adding the preheated and dried rare earth elements into the aluminum-silicon alloy melt after the second standing in the step a, stirring after the rare earth elements are melted, standing for the first time, cooling, refining, stirring and slagging off, standing for the second time, and adjusting the temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy melt to be 30-60 ℃ higher than the liquidus temperature;
c. coating the aluminum alloy casting coating on the inner wall of a mechanical roller, drying and preheating;
d. injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt obtained in the step b into a mechanical roller through a quantitative pouring system, and stirring to obtain hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry;
e. and pouring the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry into a metal ingot mold, and solidifying to obtain the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid blank.
2. Method for preparing a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or billet according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step a, the liquidus temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy is 590-700 ℃.
3. Method for preparing a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or billet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step b, the rare earth element is at least one of lanthanum or cerium.
4. The method for preparing a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or billet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the weight percentage of the rare earth element in the aluminum-silicon alloy melt is 0.1-5 wt%.
5. The method for preparing a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or billet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: in the step a, the preheating temperature is 150-250 ℃.
6. The method for preparing a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or billet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: in step a at least one of the following is satisfied:
the stirring temperature is 670-750 ℃;
the first standing time is 10-15 min;
and the time for the second standing is 10-20 min.
7. The method for preparing a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or billet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: in step b at least one of the following is satisfied:
the stirring temperature is 670-750 ℃;
the first standing time is 10-15 min;
the refining temperature is 680-720 ℃, and the refining time is 10-15 min;
and the time for the second standing is 10-20 min.
8. The method for preparing a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or billet according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: in the step c, the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃.
9. The method for preparing a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or billet according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: in the step d, the inclination angle of the mechanical roller relative to the horizontal ground is 10-70 ℃.
10. The method for preparing a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or billet according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: in the step d, the stirring speed of the mechanical roller is 10-500 r/min.
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