CN103934437A - Preparation method for primary-silicon-refinement high-silicon aluminum alloy rheological slurry - Google Patents
Preparation method for primary-silicon-refinement high-silicon aluminum alloy rheological slurry Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method for primary-silicon-refinement high-silicon aluminum alloy rheological slurry. The preparation method concretely comprises the steps that an aluminum alloy casting coating is smeared on the inner wall of a mechanical roller, dried and preheated; the tilt angle, relative to the ground horizontal line, of the mechanical roller is set to be 10 degrees-45 degrees, and the stirring rate is set to be 20 r/min-250 r/min; with the temperature of a high-silicon aluminum alloy melt kept at 30DEG C-50 DEG C above the liquid line, the high-silicon aluminum alloy melt is cast quickly into the mechanical roller and stirred to obtain the rheological slurry. The rheological slurry flowing out after being stirred is stored in a holding furnace, furnace temperature is kept at a superheat degree of 5 DEG C-15 DEG C above the liquid line, and immediately subsequent casting formation is performed on the rheological slurry within 10 seconds-20 seconds. The preparation method is short in treating process, high in efficiency and beneficial to industrial production. The prepared slurry can be made into castings with high surface smoothness and excellent mechanical properties by the adoption of high pressure, extrusion casting and other forming technologies, and therefore the slurry is an excellent choice for preparing high-quality high-silicon aluminum alloy and has huge market application potential.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Semi-Solid Metals Forming field, relate to a kind of alusil alloy preparation method, particularly a kind of preparation method of silumin rheological slurry of primary silicon refinement.
Background technology
Aluminium takes up an area the 8.13wt% of shell total amount, is in metallic element, to store one of the abundantest element.Aluminium and aluminium alloy have the features such as density is little, lightweight, specific strength is high, corrosion resistance is good, electrical and thermal conductivity is good, are the nonferrous materials being widely used in reality.Along with rise, the requirement of social enviroment protection and the develop rapidly of manufacturing technology of crude oil price, under the requirement of energy-conservation, loss of weight, environmental protection, the industrial circle such as communications and transportation, Aero-Space material therefor strengthens light-weighted development, to reach high-strength, efficient, energy-conservation object.Silumin is because proportion is little, hardness is high, wearability is good, cast form is good, dimensional stability advantages of higher, under materials'use low energy consumption, light-weighted requirement, there are the larger potentiality that replace conventional steel iron material, be expected to be widely used in the industry such as Aero-Space, automobile boats and ships.In silumin, Si constituent content is conventionally between 18-30wt%, and its mechanical property and this element content and the pattern in alloy is closely related.Along with the increase of Si constituent content in aluminium alloy, in the microstructure of alloy, conventionally can form the primary silicon of thick five lobe starriness, en plaque, octahedron and other complex topography.What these complex-shaped, thick primary silicons were serious isolates alloy substrate.Under external force, stress raisers easily produce at tip and the property at parts of edges and corners of thick primary silicon phase, significantly affect alloy plasticity and wearability, seriously reduce alloy mechanical property.In addition, the various parts that silumin is manufactured are in process, and easily stressed peeling off of hard crisp thick primary silicon accelerated the wearing and tearing of machine tool in the fineness that reduces machined part surface.In silumin, thick primary silicon has limited its range of application, therefore, the process for refining of silumin primary silicon, application and popularization to this series alloy are significant.
In industrial production, conventionally adopt superalloy method to carry out micronization processes to transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy primary silicon, it is mainly to reach refinement object by add appropriate fining agent (such as phosphorus, elements such as rare earths) in alloy.By existing literature search is found, patent publication No. is that the Chinese patent of CN102417998A discloses a kind of hyper eutectic silicon micronization processes technique, the method exists has certain thinning effect to the primary silicon of low Si content transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy, but the problem of DeGrain to high Si content.In addition, also there is short, the shortcoming such as thinning effect is unstable of action time in the superalloy method of similar this patented invention, cannot meet the requirement of refinement silumin primary silicon.The semi-solid state forming technique that 20 century 70 Massachusetts Institute Technologies propose by applying external force in the process of metal solid-liquid phase co-conversion, reduced processing temperature and metal deformation resistance, near-net-shape complex-shaped for realizing, high accuracy foundry goods provides new way.Thereby wherein mechanical mixing method is realized the object of dendrite fragmentation, grain refinement by the melt in process of setting is applied to mechanical shear stress, be that one of effective method of semi-soild-state technology is (as Chinese patent: patent publication No. is CN2471450Y; Japan Patent: the patent No. is 1-192447; United States Patent (USP): the patent No. is 3958650,5501266 and 5040589); But, the lower lower hypoeutectic al-si alloy of processing silicone content that is only applicable to of these method stirring intensities; In addition, the alloy pulp of its single treatment is limited, is difficult to meet the requirement of industrial production consecutive production; Moreover its working environment need to make slurry in isothermal keeping warm mode, for primary silicon growth provides comparatively favourable condition, unfavorable to its refinement.Therefore, deficiency for current industrial technology to silumin primary silicon thinning effect, patent of the present invention absorbs the feature of Semi-solid Stirring, and creationary proposition semisolid machinery drum stirring technique refinement silumin primary silicon is also prepared the method for rheological slurry.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency to silumin primary silicon thinning effect for current industrial technology, thick this problem of silumin primary silicon, provides a kind of preparation method of silumin rheological slurry of primary silicon refinement.The present invention, by near melt liquidus temperature being applied to mechanical rheology processing, realizes melt Quench, improves the nucleation rate of primary silicon, reaches the effect of refinement primary silicon; The introducing of rheology mechanical shear stress on the other hand, the growth pattern of separating out rear primary silicon to solidifying has an immense impact on, reach broken dendrite, suppress primary silicon and continue the object of growth, crystal grain thinning, realize the target that the short period prepares the silumin rheological slurry that primary silicon crystal grain is tiny, edge is round and smooth.The method is simple for process, low production cost, and primary silicon thinning effect is good, is the method for efficient feasible refinement silumin primary silicon.
For realizing above object, the present invention solves its technical problem by following technical solution.
The preparation method who the present invention relates to a kind of silumin rheological slurry of primary silicon refinement, described method comprises the steps:
A, aluminium alloy is cast to coating be applied on machinery drum inwall, dry preheating;
B, horizontal inclination angle, the relative ground of machinery drum is set is 10 °～45 °, and mixing speed is made as 20～250r/min;
C, make silumin melt temperature remain on above 30～50 DEG C of its liquidus curve according to different Si content, Quick pouring enters machinery drum, stirs, and obtains the silumin rheological slurry of described primary silicon refinement.
Preferably, in steps A, the temperature of described preheating is 200～300 DEG C.
Preferably, in step C, described silumin melt is processed and is obtained through following steps:
A, silumin masterbatch is melted;
B, according to different Si content, the melt temperature obtaining after fusing, higher than fully stirring and make alloying component even at 50～70 DEG C of its liquidus curves, leaves standstill 10～20 minutes subsequently;
C, drops to more than liquidus curve 20～30 DEG C of refinings at melt temperature, is incubated subsequently 5～15 minutes and fully stirs, skims, and relief melt leaves standstill 15～25 minutes.
More preferably, in step a, described fusing is specially: after the preheating of silumin masterbatch is reached to 150～200 DEG C in 1.5～2.5 hours, adopt industrial furnace to melt.
Preferably, in step C, in described silumin, Si content is 18～30wt%, and corresponding liquidus temperature is 680～820 DEG C.
Preferably, in step C, the described rheological slurry flowing out from machinery drum stirs is stored in holding furnace, and furnace temperature remains on 5～15 DEG C of degrees of superheat on described liquidus curve.
More preferably, described rheological slurry entered post forming operation after entering holding furnace immediately in 10～20 seconds.
Further preferably, described post forming operation comprises that cast prepares extruding after ingot casting, forging or roll forming, or directly cast form.
Working mechanism of the present invention is: silumin primary silicon is separated out in liquidus curve at melt cooling, is grown to irregular polygon block with facet form.When primary silicon is separated out, it is applied to mechanical shear stress, realize melt Quench on the one hand, reach the effect of refinement primary silicon; Vigorous stirring produces strong shear action to the primary silicon of firm crystallization on the other hand, and the dendrite that its growth process is produced obtains fragmentation, realizes further refinement.In order to meet the requirement to silumin strong mechanical performance, make full use of the advantage of semi-solid state forming technique, patent of the present invention absorbs the feature of Semi-solid Stirring, and creationary proposition Semi-solid Stirring technique refinement silumin primary silicon is also prepared the method for rheological slurry.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
Silumin primary silicon of the present invention refinement and rheological slurry preparation method thereof, apply mechanical shear stress by the initial stage of separating out at primary silicon to it and realize melt Quench, reaches thinning effect.In addition, the growth pattern of strong stirring after to primary silicon crystallization exerts an influence, and the dendrite of primary silicon obtains fragmentation and realizes further refinement.Moreover, the rheological slurry that this method is prepared primary silicon refinement does not need to add extra Refining Elements, and rheology processing procedure is short, efficiency is high, extremely be beneficial to industrial production, the slurry for preparing adopts the forming techniques such as high pressure, extrusion casint can prepare that surface smoothness is high, the foundry goods of good mechanical performance, be the splendid selection of preparation high-quality silumin, there is huge market application potential.
Brief description of the drawings
By reading the detailed description of non-limiting example being done with reference to the following drawings, it is more obvious that other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become:
Fig. 1 is Al-18Si alloy is processed direct-water-quenching microstructure morphology figure without semisolid;
Fig. 2 is the microstructure morphology figure after the shrend of rheology Al-18Si alloy rheological slurry after treatment;
Fig. 3 is Al-30Si alloy is processed direct-water-quenching microstructure morphology figure without semisolid;
Fig. 4 is the microstructure morphology figure after the shrend of rheology Al-30Si alloy rheological slurry after treatment.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiments and the drawings, the present invention is described in detail.Following examples will contribute to those skilled in the art further to understand the present invention, but not limit in any form the present invention.It should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention adopts machinery to roll and mixes method refinement silumin primary silicon phase and prepare its rheological slurry.
The silumin melt of pouring into a mould 30～50 DEG C of degrees of superheat toward the machinery drum of High Rotation Speed, melt produces a large amount of primary silicon nucleus under inner wall of rotary drum chilling action.Nucleus comes off from inwall under the effect of cylinder shearing force, is free on alloy melt, has improved nascent nucleation rate, makes it reach thinning effect.Continue strong cylinder and stir, the growth of the primary silicon of just separating out from melt is played and suppressed and fragmentation.The primary silicon of just having separated out is subject to lasting shear action in high-temperature fusant, and the stressed fragmentation in forward position, phase border of its growth is also tending towards smooth, favourable to post forming mechanical castings.Through mechanical agitation processing, the silumin rheological slurry that primary silicon is tiny is successfully prepared in the comprehensive function of Quench and shearing.
The preparation method of silumin primary silicon of the present invention refinement and rheological slurry thereof, the alusil alloy that it is applicable to Si content 18～30wt%, comprises the conventional melting in front road and follow-up rheology treatment process.
Described smelting technology process is as follows:
The preheating of each alloy masterbatch is reached to 150～200 DEG C for 2 hours, adopt crucible electrical resistance furnace or other industrial furnace by alloy melting.After alloy melting, higher than 50～70 DEG C of liquidus curves, (silumin changes greatly with the different liquidus temperatures of Si content melt temperature, and its liquidus temperature scope of the alusil alloy of Si content 18～30wt% is 680～820 DEG C.) fully stir and make alloying component even down, leave standstill 15 minutes subsequently.Make melt temperature drop to above 20～30 DEG C of refinings of liquidus curve, be incubated subsequently 10 minutes and fully stir, skim, relief melt leaves standstill 20 minutes.
Follow-up rheology treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) machinery drum preheating: evenly smear aluminium alloy casting coating in machinery drum, dry, cylinder is preheated to 200～300 DEG C, guarantee to be dried;
(2) rheology micronization processes: by silumin fusing, make its melt temperature remain on above 30～50 DEG C of liquidus curve according to different Si content, deliver into fast machinery drum by quantitative pouring system.Machinery drum inclination angle (ground horizontal line relatively) is set between 10～45 °, and mixing speed is 20～250r/min;
(3) slurry stores and is shaped: load the silumin rheological slurry of outflow from cylinder stirs with the holding furnace of a temperature control, holding furnace temperature remains on 5～15 DEG C of degrees of superheat according to the high-silicon alloy of different Si content.Silumin rheological slurry can not leave standstill overstand at holding furnace, need in 10～20 seconds, be delivered into the forming processes such as follow-up high pressure, low pressure, extrusion casint by transhipment.Silumin rheological slurry is except cast form, also can select directly cast to enter the molded standby alloy cast ingot of cast metals, pushes subsequently, the plastic working operation such as forging, rolling.
Taking Al-18Si and Al-30Si alloy, as embodiment, the present invention is described in detail below.
embodiment 1
The preparation of the primary silicon refinement of Al-18Si alloy and rheological slurry.Alloy is melted in crucible electrical resistance furnace, in 780 DEG C of refinery by de-gassings, leave standstill 10 minutes, melt temperature is dropped to 760 DEG C subsequently.Setting machinery drum inclination angle is 45 °, and rotating speed is 100r/min, preheating inner wall of rotary drum to 300 DEG C.Alloy melt after refining is poured into a mould at 760 DEG C and is entered machinery drum and carry out rheology processing, melt after treatment directly into water-quenching for structure observation.Figure 1 shows that the microstructure of Al-18Si alloy without semisolid processing direct-water-quenching, Fig. 2 is the microstructure after this alloy rheological slurry shrend after adopting the inventive method to process.Can obviously find out from Fig. 1,2, after the present invention processes, the primary silicon size of Al-18Si alloy obtains obvious refinement, and crystal grain edge corner angle are comparatively round and smooth, is applicable to very much follow-up casting forming.
embodiment 2
The preparation of the primary silicon refinement of Al-18Si alloy and rheological slurry.Alloy is melted in crucible electrical resistance furnace, in 778 DEG C of refinery by de-gassings, leave standstill 10 minutes, melt temperature is dropped to 760 DEG C subsequently.Setting machinery drum inclination angle is 10 °, and rotating speed is 20r/min, preheating inner wall of rotary drum to 300 DEG C.Alloy melt after refining is poured into a mould at 760 DEG C and entered machinery drum and carry out rheology processing, melt rheo-die-casting after treatment moulding, can obtain silumin foundry goods.
embodiment 3
The preparation of the primary silicon refinement of Al-30Si alloy and rheological slurry.Alloy is melted in crucible electrical resistance furnace, in 880 DEG C of refinery by de-gassings, leave standstill 15 minutes, melt temperature is dropped to 860 DEG C subsequently.Setting machinery drum inclination angle is 30 °, and rotating speed is 30r/min, preheating inner wall of rotary drum to 300 DEG C.Alloy melt after refining is poured into a mould at 860 DEG C and is entered machinery drum and carry out rheology processing, melt after treatment directly into water-quenching for structure observation.Figure 3 shows that the microstructure of Al-30Si alloy without semisolid processing direct-water-quenching, Fig. 4 is the microstructure after this alloy rheological slurry shrend after adopting the inventive method to process.Can obviously find out from Fig. 3,4, after the present invention processes, the primary silicon size of Al-30Si alloy obtains obvious refinement, and crystal grain edge corner angle are comparatively round and smooth, is applicable to very much follow-up casting forming.
embodiment 4
The preparation of the primary silicon refinement of Al-30Si alloy and rheological slurry.Alloy is melted in crucible electrical resistance furnace, in 880 DEG C of refinery by de-gassings, leave standstill 15 minutes, melt temperature is dropped to 860 DEG C subsequently.Setting machinery drum inclination angle is 45 °, and rotating speed is 250r/min, preheating inner wall of rotary drum to 300 DEG C.Alloy melt after refining is poured into a mould at 860 DEG C and entered machinery drum and carry out rheology processing, melt rheo-die-casting after treatment moulding, can obtain silumin foundry goods.
Above specific embodiments of the invention are described.It will be appreciated that, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific implementations, and those skilled in the art can make various distortion or amendment within the scope of the claims, and this does not affect flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a preparation method for the silumin rheological slurry of primary silicon refinement, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
A, aluminium alloy is cast to coating be applied on machinery drum inwall, dry preheating;
B, horizontal inclination angle, the relative ground of machinery drum is set is 10 °～45 °, and mixing speed is made as 20～250r/min;
C, make silumin melt temperature remain on above 30～50 DEG C of its liquidus curve according to different Si content, Quick pouring enters machinery drum, stirs, and obtains the silumin rheological slurry of described primary silicon refinement.
2. the preparation method of the silumin rheological slurry of primary silicon refinement as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in steps A, the temperature of described preheating is 200～300 DEG C.
3. the preparation method of the silumin rheological slurry of primary silicon refinement as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step C, described silumin melt is processed and obtained through following steps:
A, silumin masterbatch is melted;
B, according to different Si content, the melt temperature obtaining after fusing, higher than fully stirring and make alloying component even at 50～70 DEG C of its liquidus curves, leaves standstill 10～20 minutes subsequently;
C, drops to more than liquidus curve 20～30 DEG C of refinings at melt temperature, is incubated subsequently 5～15 minutes and fully stirs, skims, and relief melt leaves standstill 15～25 minutes.
4. the preparation method of the silumin rheological slurry of primary silicon refinement as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, in step a, described fusing is specially: after the preheating of silumin masterbatch is reached to 150～200 DEG C in 1.5～2.5 hours, adopt industrial furnace to melt.
5. the preparation method of the silumin rheological slurry of primary silicon refinement as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step C, in described silumin, Si content is 18～30wt%, and corresponding liquidus temperature is 680～820 DEG C.
6. the preparation method of the silumin rheological slurry of primary silicon refinement as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step C, the described rheological slurry flowing out from machinery drum stirs is stored in holding furnace, and furnace temperature remains on 5～15 DEG C of degrees of superheat on described liquidus curve.
7. the preparation method of the silumin rheological slurry of primary silicon refinement as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described rheological slurry entered post forming operation after entering holding furnace immediately in 10～20 seconds.
8. the preparation method of the silumin rheological slurry of primary silicon refinement as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, described post forming operation comprises that cast prepares extruding after ingot casting, forging or roll forming, or directly cast form.
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| CN104831132A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-08-12 | 云南永昌硅业股份有限公司 | High-silicon aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN109079110A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-12-25 | 福建省杰豪半固态泵压科技有限责任公司 | The technique and its equipment of interruption preparation liquid silumin or silumin semi solid slurry |
| CN110616355A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2019-12-27 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of high-silicon aluminum alloy rheological slurry |
| CN110724858A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-01-24 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or blank |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110724858A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-01-24 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy semi-solid slurry or blank |
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