CN110692479A - Method for realizing agricultural prevention and control of tetranychidae by reasonable interplanting - Google Patents
Method for realizing agricultural prevention and control of tetranychidae by reasonable interplanting Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and discloses a method for realizing agricultural control of spider mites in cotton fields through reasonable interplanting, wherein the row spacing of cotton is 40 cm, the plant spacing is 15 cm, the density is 1.1 ten thousand plants per mu, one row of flax is interplanted in each four rows of cotton, the row spacing of the flax is 1.6 m, one row of flax is densely planted in a field by ridge furrows, and the spider mites are prevented from spreading to the cotton fields. According to the method, the agricultural control of the spider mites in the cotton field is realized by interplanting cotton and flax, the control cost is reduced, the environmental pollution is reduced, natural enemies are protected, and the cotton planting benefit is increased; the cotton spider mites generally spread from the ridges to the cotton fields in late 5 months, the dense flax plants can be used for blocking the cotton spider mites, the repelling effect on the cotton spider mites is achieved along with the aging of the flax plants, the cotton spider mites interplanted with flax in the cotton fields are reduced by 53 percent compared with cotton fields planted singly, the effect of pesticide application prevention and control is achieved, the cotton planting benefit can be increased after harvesting in late 8 months, 40 kilograms of flax seeds are produced per mu, and 240 yuan is brought.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for realizing agricultural control of tetranychus urticae in cotton fields through reasonable interplanting.
Background
Currently, the closest prior art:
tetranychus urticae is an important pest harmful to cotton, and generally, the control of the pest is realized by chemical control. The cotton field insecticide has small volume, is concentrated on the back of the leaves to be harmful, increases the difficulty of prevention and treatment, needs a large amount of insecticide to obtain good prevention and treatment effect, increases the cost of insect control, causes environmental pollution, and kills natural enemies by large-area insecticide spraying to destroy the ecological system of the cotton field.
The aims of protecting natural enemies, reducing pesticide and improving efficiency are achieved by researching an efficient and environment-friendly agricultural control technology, and the method has very high practical significance.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the conventional method for preventing and controlling tetranychus urticae in cotton fields is mainly chemical spraying prevention and control, and chemical pollution is easy to generate.
(2) The insect has small volume, large generation amount, hidden feeding, higher prevention and control cost caused by chemical spraying and reduced cotton planting benefit.
(3) Chemical control easily kills natural enemies and destroys the ecological system of the cotton field.
The difficulty of solving the technical problems is as follows:
after the cotton spider mites occur in a large amount in the cotton field, if a feasible prevention and treatment measure is not taken, the cotton yield is easily reduced, and the cotton planting economic benefit is reduced. Meanwhile, beneficial insects in the cotton field are sensitive to most pesticides, and a small amount of pesticides can kill natural enemies to deteriorate the ecological environment of the cotton field.
The significance of solving the technical problems is as follows:
the reasonable interplanting technology is utilized to avoid or reduce the application amount of chemical pesticides in the cotton field, so that the pollution of the chemical pesticides to the environment can be effectively prevented, the prevention and control cost is reduced, the cotton planting benefit is improved, the natural enemies are protected, and the balance of the ecological system of the cotton field is maintained.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for realizing agricultural control of tetranychus urticae in cotton fields through reasonable interplanting. Overcomes the damage of chemical control to the ecology of the cotton field and the pollution to the environment, saves the control cost and improves the cotton planting benefit.
The invention is realized in this way, a method for preventing and controlling cotton field spider mites through reasonable interplanting, the interplanting process is as follows:
step one, cotton field interplanting plant row spacing planning: the row spacing of the cotton is 40 cm, the plant spacing is 15 cm, the density is 1.1 ten thousand plants per mu, one row of flax is interplanted in each four rows of cotton, the row spacing of the flax is 1.6 m, the density of the flax is 2000 per square meter, and one row of flax is densely planted in the field by ridge furrows.
Step two, cotton seed selection treatment and film mulching sowing: selecting high-quality cotton seeds delinted by sulfuric acid, sunning the cotton seeds for 1-2 days before sowing, and coating the cotton seeds with the carbendazim and tolclofos seed coating agent; the width of the mulching film is 1.45 meters, the thickness is 0.01-0.012 millimeters, the sowing time is preferably 4 months, 10 days to 4 months, 20 days, and the sowing quantity per mu is 4-6 kilograms.
Step three, arranging cotton field film rooms and ridges: and leveling the reserved interplanting rows 1 to 3 days after cotton sowing, and ensuring that the soil is level and sufficient in moisture and the surface soil is loose and fine-crushed.
Step four, selecting and treating flax seeds: selecting a fusarium wilt-resistant variety, wherein the seeds are pure, full and glossy, and the germination rate is not lower than 90%; before sowing, seed treatment is carried out, 50 percent of carbendazim with the seed amount of 0.3 percent is used for dressing seeds, and diseases in seedling stage are prevented.
Step five, ditching and seeding flax: the flax is sowed in furrow by adopting a single-row sowing machine, the sowing quantity per mu is 8-10 kg, and the sowing depth is preferably 2-3 cm.
Step six, interplanting planting row treatment: after sowing, the seeds are pressed and interplanted to fully contact with the wet soil layer, so that the moisture required by the germination of the flax seeds is ensured, the rooting of the seedlings is facilitated, and the seedling emergence is accelerated.
Seventhly, earthing up, seedling setting and intertilling: and (3) fixing seedlings when the flax grows to 5-6 true leaves and 1-2 true leaves of the cotton, and carrying out 3-4 times in combination with ridging and intertillage with the depth of 4-8 cm.
Step eight, management: (1) and earlier stage management: before sowing, applying 800 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer and 40 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu, watering for the first time about 6 months and 15 days, wherein the water amount per mu is 50-70, and applying 5-10 kilograms of urea; (2) and middle and later period management: irrigating water for the second time about 7 months and 10 days, topdressing 1-2 kg of zinc sulfate per mu, and performing field management in the same way as conventional cotton planting.
Ninth, harvesting: harvesting timely when capsules of flax 2/3 turn yellow and brown in late 8 months; when the cotton bolls are opened at the bottom of 9 months, 2/3 cotton bolls are picked in different times, and the cotton bolls are held by a cloth bag during picking, but a chemical fiber bag cannot be used for preventing foreign fibers from being mixed.
In the first step, cotton row spacing is 40 cm, plant spacing is 15 cm, density is 1.1 ten thousand plants per mu, one row of flax is interplanted in each four rows of cotton, the row spacing of the flax is 1.6 m, and one row of flax is densely planted in the field by ridge and furrow sowing.
The spider mites generally spread from the ridges to the cotton fields in the late 5 th month, the dense flax plants can block the mites, the repelling effect on the spider mites is exerted along with the aging of the flax plants, the spider mites in the cotton fields interplanted with the flax are reduced by 53 percent compared with the single-cropping cotton fields according to the investigation, the effect of preventing and controlling without pesticide application is achieved, the flax is an economic crop, and the cotton planting benefit can be increased after harvesting in the late 8 th month.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are:
according to the invention, flax is interplanted in the cotton planting process according to a certain specification row spacing, and the flax also gradually exerts the repelling effect and effect in the process from the initial emergence to the peak emergence of the spider mites in the cotton field. Researches show that the cotton field interplanted with flax can reduce the occurrence number of tetranychus urticae and delay the occurrence time, so that the method is an environment-friendly and effective agricultural control method, and meanwhile, certain economic benefit can be obtained after the flax is mature and harvested.
The method realizes the agricultural control of the spider mites in the cotton field by interplanting the cotton and the flax, reduces the control cost, lightens the environmental pollution, protects natural enemies and increases the cotton planting benefit.
The cotton spider mites generally spread from the ridges to the cotton fields in the late 5 th month, the dense flax plants can obstruct the cotton spider mites, the cotton spider mites have a repelling effect on the cotton spider mites along with the aging of the flax plants, the cotton spider mites interplanted with the flax in the cotton fields are reduced by 53 percent compared with the cotton fields planted singly according to the investigation, the effect of preventing and controlling without pesticide application is achieved, the flax is an economic crop, the cotton planting benefit can be increased after harvesting in the late 8 th month, 40 kilograms of flax seeds are produced per mu, and the income can be 240 yuan.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for achieving agricultural control of tetranychus urticae by reasonable interplanting, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The conventional method for preventing and controlling the tetranychidae in the cotton field is mainly chemical spraying prevention and control, is easy to generate chemical pollution, kills natural enemies and destroys the ecological system of the cotton field; the insect has small volume, large generation amount and hidden feeding, so that the prevention and treatment cost is high, and the cotton planting benefit is reduced.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for realizing agricultural control of tetranychus urticae by reasonable interplanting, and the method is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for agricultural control of tetranychus urticae by reasonable interplanting provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, planning the row spacing of interplanting plants in the cotton field.
S102, cotton seed selection treatment and film mulching sowing.
S103, arranging cotton field film rooms and ridges.
And S104, selecting and treating flax seeds.
And S105, ditching and sowing flax.
And S106, interplanting the planting rows.
S107, earthing up, fixing seedlings and intertilling.
And S108, managing, including early-stage management and middle-stage and late-stage management.
And S109, harvesting.
In the step S101, cotton row spacing is 40 cm, plant spacing is 15 cm, the density is 1.1 ten thousand plants per mu, one row of flax is interplanted in each four rows of cotton, the row spacing of the flax is 1.6 m, and one row of flax is densely planted in the field by ridge furrows. Preventing the tetranychus urticae from spreading to cotton field.
The spider mites generally spread from the ridges to the cotton fields in the late 5 th month, the dense flax plants can block the mites, the repelling effect on the spider mites is exerted along with the aging of the flax plants, the spider mites in the cotton fields interplanted with the flax are reduced by 53 percent compared with the single-cropping cotton fields according to the investigation, the effect of preventing and controlling without pesticide application is achieved, the flax is an economic crop, and the cotton planting benefit can be increased after harvesting in the late 8 th month.
In step S101, the density of the flax is 2000 plants per square meter, and a row of flax is densely planted in the field by ridge and furrow sowing.
In step S102, the cotton seed selection treatment and film-covering sowing specifically comprise selecting high-quality cotton seeds subjected to sulfuric acid delinting, sunning the cotton seeds for 1-2 days before sowing, and coating with tolclofos-dovor seed coating agent; the width of the mulching film is 1.45 meters, the thickness is 0.01-0.012 millimeters, the sowing time is preferably 4 months, 10 days to 4 months, 20 days, and the sowing quantity per mu is 4-6 kilograms.
In step S103, the cotton field inter-mulch and ridge arrangement comprises leveling the reserved interplanting rows 1-3 days after cotton sowing, and ensuring that the soil is level and sufficient in moisture and the surface soil is loose and fine-crushed.
In the step S104, the selection and treatment of the flax seeds comprise selecting blight-resistant varieties, wherein the seeds are pure, full and glossy, and the germination rate is not lower than 90%; before sowing, seed treatment is carried out, 50 percent of carbendazim with the seed amount of 0.3 percent is used for dressing seeds, and diseases in seedling stage are prevented.
In the step S105, the ditching and seeding of the flax comprises ditching and seeding the flax by adopting a single-row seeding machine, wherein the seeding quantity per mu is 8-10 kg, and the seeding depth is preferably 2-3 cm.
In step S106, the treatment of the interplanting planting rows includes pressing the seeds after sowing to make the seeds fully contact with the wet soil layer, so as to ensure the moisture required by the germination of the flax seeds, facilitate the rooting of the seedlings and accelerate the seedling emergence.
In the step S107, the earthing up, seedling setting and intertillage are carried out for 3-4 times, wherein the seedling setting is carried out when the flax grows to 5-6 true leaves and the cotton grows to 1-2 true leaves, and the earthing up and intertillage are combined, and the depth of the intertillage is 4-8 cm.
Step S108 includes (1) early management: before sowing, applying 800 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer and 40 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu, watering for the first time about 6 months and 15 days, wherein the water amount per mu is 50-70, and applying 5-10 kilograms of urea; (2) and middle and later period management: irrigating water for the second time about 7 months and 10 days, topdressing 1-2 kg of zinc sulfate per mu, and performing field management in the same way as conventional cotton planting.
In step S101, the method specifically includes: harvesting timely when capsules of flax 2/3 turn yellow and brown in late 8 months; when the cotton bolls are opened at the bottom of 9 months, 2/3 cotton bolls are picked in different times, and the cotton bolls are held by a cloth bag during picking, but a chemical fiber bag cannot be used for preventing foreign fibers from being mixed.
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The invention has four experimental fields in nine groups of temple villages in Suzhou, Dunhuang, wherein the field A is single crop of cotton, the whole growth period is chemically protected from cotton spider mites for 4 times, the field B is single crop of cotton and is not protected from cotton spider mites, the field C is cotton and flax interplanting, and the field D is single crop of flax. The result shows that the control cost of the field A for controlling the spider mites is 60 yuan per mu, the total cost is 240 yuan, the pure income of the cotton field is 457 yuan, the pure income of the field B is 132 yuan, the pure income of the field C is 653 yuan, and the pure income of the field D is 300 yuan.
Example 2
In 2018, the method is characterized in that field tests are set in nine groups of Temple villages in Suzhou province of Suzhou, Dunhuang, the test area is 4.8 mu, the four treatments are totally carried out, the treatment A is single cropping of cotton, and the whole growth period is chemically protected from the two-spotted spider mites 4 times; b, treating the cotton as a single cotton leaf mite (CK) which is not prevented; c, cotton and flax interplanting is adopted for treatment; d, processing the flax into flax single crops. The area of the large area is 800 square meters, and the treatment time A is 7 months and 15 days, 8 months and 1 day, 8 months and 15 days, 8 months and 30 days. And (3) surveying the number of tetranychus urticae in the middle and lower parts of the cotton plant every 30 days from the bottom of 5 months, finishing at the bottom of 9 months, surveying and counting cotton flax plants and economic characters, harvesting flax at the bottom of 8 months for yield counting, and harvesting cotton at the beginning of 10 months for yield counting.
TABLE 1 Tetranychus trifolii number of cotton plants at different periods
TABLE 2 economic Performance of cotton treated differently
TABLE 3 comparison of benefits of different treated cotton fields
The results show that the method for interplanting the cotton spider mites in the cotton field is far lower than the method for preventing single cropping of cotton from the bottom of 5 months to the bottom of 9 months, which shows that the cotton and flax interplanting effectively inhibits the diffusion and spread of the cotton spider mites in the cotton field, and the quantity of the cotton spider mites is only 47% of that of the cotton single cropping non-prevention field in 30 days of 9 months; according to each treatment economic character, the number of bolls, the weight of bolls, the length of velvet and the clothes length of each plant are greatly reduced in the B treatment, which shows that the tetranychus urticae has great influence on the quality and yield of cotton and needs to be mainly prevented and treated, and the interplanting treatment and chemical prevention treatment cotton economic characters are close to each other, which shows that the interplanting treatment has positive influence on the yield of cotton; from the comparison of the benefits of different cotton fields, the pure benefit of the cotton and flax interplanting field is 196 yuan higher than that of chemical field prevention, and a better benefit is obtained.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for achieving agricultural control of the spider mites in the cotton fields through reasonable interplanting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, planning row spacing of interplanted plants in a cotton field;
step two, cotton seed selection treatment and film mulching sowing;
step three, arranging cotton field film rooms and ridges;
step four, selecting and treating flax seeds;
fifthly, ditching and sowing flax;
step six, interplanting planting row treatment;
seventhly, earthing up, fixing seedlings and intertilling;
step eight, management, including early-stage and middle-and-later-stage management;
and step nine, harvesting.
2. The method for achieving agricultural control of spider mites in cotton fields through reasonable interplanting as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, cotton row spacing is 40 cm, plant spacing is 15 cm, density is 1.1 ten thousand plants per mu, flax is interplanted in one row in each four rows of cotton, flax row spacing is 1.6 m, and flax is densely planted in one row in a field by ridge furrows.
3. The method for agricultural control of spider mites in cotton fields by rational interplanting as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step one, flax is interplanted in cotton fields, flax plants are planted in the middle of 4 months, and harvested in the last 8 months.
4. The method for achieving agricultural control of tetranychus urticae by rational interplanting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second step specifically comprises: selecting high-quality cotton seeds delinted by sulfuric acid, sunning the cotton seeds for 1-2 days before sowing, and coating the cotton seeds with the carbendazim and tolclofos seed coating agent; the width of the mulching film is 1.45 meters, the thickness is 0.01-0.012 millimeters, the sowing time is 4 months, 10 days to 4 months, 20 days, and the sowing quantity per mu is 4-6 kilograms.
5. The method for achieving agricultural control of tetranychus urticae by rational interplanting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third step specifically comprises: leveling the reserved interplanting rows 1-3 days after cotton sowing.
6. The method for achieving agricultural control of tetranychus urticae by rational interplanting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fourth step specifically comprises: selecting a fusarium wilt-resistant variety, wherein the seed is pure, full and glossy, and the germination rate is not lower than 90%; before sowing, seed treatment is carried out, and 50% carbendazim with the seed amount of 0.3% is used for dressing seeds.
7. The method for achieving agricultural control of tetranychus urticae by rational interplanting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step five specifically comprises: the flax is sowed in furrow by adopting a single-row sowing machine, the sowing quantity per mu is 8-10 kg, and the sowing depth is 2-3 cm.
8. The method for achieving agricultural control of tetranychus urticae by rational interplanting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sixth step specifically comprises: pressing and interplanting are carried out after sowing so as to fully contact the seeds with the wet soil layer;
the seventh step specifically comprises: and (3) when the flax grows to 5-6 true leaves and 1-2 true leaves of the cotton, fixing seedlings, and carrying out 3-4 times in combination with ridging and intertillage with the depth of 4-8 cm.
9. The method for achieving agricultural control of tetranychus urticae by rational interplanting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the eighth step specifically comprises:
(1) and earlier stage management: before sowing, applying 800 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer and 40 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu, watering for the first time about 6 months and 15 days, wherein the water amount per mu is 50-70, and applying 5-10 kilograms of urea;
(2) and middle and later period management: irrigating water for the second time about 7 months and 10 days, topdressing 1-2 kg of zinc sulfate per mu, and performing field management in the same way as conventional cotton planting.
10. The method for achieving agricultural control of tetranychus urticae by rational interplanting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ninth step specifically comprises: harvesting timely when capsules of flax 2/3 turn yellow and brown in late 8 months; and (3) picking cotton in different times when the cotton bolls at the bottom of the 9-month period 2/3 are bolled out, and filling the cotton bags when the cotton bolls are picked.
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