CN110687655B - 用于双孔径数字照相机中的光学图像稳定和自动对焦的双向刚度 - Google Patents
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Abstract
用于在数字照相机中在至少一个方向上提供光学图像稳定以及自动对焦的机构包括机械耦合到至少携带数字照相机的透镜的透镜模块的多个弹簧,其中所述多个弹簧提供对于透镜在彼此正交的两个,即第一和第二方向上的运动的整体低刚度,并且提供对于透镜模块的扭转的高刚度。
Description
相关申请
本申请为申请号201680023891.X、申请日2016年5月24日、发明名称“用于双孔径数字照相机中的光学图像稳定和自动对焦的双向刚度”的分案申请。
技术领域
本文公开的实施例总体上涉及数字照相机,特别是涉及单孔径和/或双孔径(“双光学模块”)数字照相机中的光学图像稳定(OIS)和自动对焦(AF)。
背景技术
近年来,诸如蜂窝电话(尤其是智能电话)、平板计算机和膝上型计算机之类的移动设备已经变得无处不在。这些设备中的大多数包括一个或两个紧凑型照相机:主要的后置照相机(即设备背侧背对用户并且经常用于休闲摄影的照相机)和辅助的前置照相机(即位于设备的前侧并且经常用于视频会议的照相机)。
虽然本质上相对紧凑,但是这些照相机中的大多数的设计非常类似于数字静态照相机的传统结构,即它们包括置于图像传感器之上的光学部件(或者一系列若干光学元件和主要孔径)。该光学部件(也称为“光学器件”)折射进来的光线,并且弯曲它们以便在传感器上创建场景的图像。这些照相机的维度大体由传感器的尺寸和光学器件的高度确定。它们通常通过透镜的焦距(“f”)及其视场(FOV)联系在一起——必须将某个FOV成像到一定尺寸的传感器上的透镜具有特定的焦距。保持FOV恒定,传感器维度(例如在X-Y平面内)越大,那么焦距和光学器件高度越大。
除了光学器件和传感器之外,现代照相机通常进一步包括用于两个主要目的地机械运动(致动)机构:将图像聚焦在传感器上以及光学图像稳定(OIS)。为了聚焦,在更高级的照相机中,透镜模块(或者透镜模块中的至少一个透镜元件)的位置可以借助于致动器改变,并且焦点距离可以依照捕获的对象或者场景改变。在这些照相机中,有可能捕获从非常短的距离(例如10cm)到无穷远的对象。数字静态照相机的趋势是增加变焦能力(例如至5x、10x或者更大),以及在蜂窝电话(尤其是智能电话)照相机中,减小像素尺寸并且增加像素计数。这些趋势导致对握手更敏感或者需要更长的曝光时间。需要一种OIS机制回应这些趋势中的需求。
在启用OIS的照相机中,透镜或者照相机模块可以在图像捕获期间以快速的方式改变其横向位置或者倾斜角度以便取消握手。握手使照相机模块在6个自由度下运动,即三个自由度(X、Y和Z)下的线性运动、俯仰(围绕X轴的倾斜)、偏航(围绕Y轴的倾斜)和滚动(围绕Z轴的倾斜)。图1a和图1a示出了单孔径照相机模块100中的一种示例性经典四杆-弹簧(102a-d)OIS结构。四杆-弹簧刚性连接到上面的框架104,该框架通常容纳使透镜模块106运动的AF致动器(未示出)。该结构允许X-Y平面内的希望的运动模式(平移),参见图1a,但是也允许围绕Z轴的不需要的旋转模式(也称为“θ-旋转”或者“扭转”),参见图1b。后者可能归因于诸如通过线圈或者通过用户(或者电话)运动施加的非对称力、杆-弹簧的不完美以及所述四弹簧杆弹簧+框架结构的高旋转顺应性之类的若干原因的组合。
在居中的单孔径照相机模块的情况下,该旋转不严重影响图像质量,因为透镜是轴对称的。然而,这确实影响双照相机模块中的OIS,参见图2a和图2b。图2a示出了围绕轴202的一种旋转模式,轴202大体居中位于双孔径照相机200的两个照相机模块204和206之间。由于旋转轴202的位置的原因,所述旋转可能造成图像质量的显着恶化。所述旋转使得每个透镜在不希望的方向上移开(图2b中箭头所示),而没有任何能力预测何时以及是否可能发生这种情况。结果是图像的运动模糊以及不需要的旋转造成的两个透镜在相反Y方向上的移动,其导致每个照相机模块接收的图像之间的偏心以及因而潜在地导致对融合算法结果的灾难性影响。
又一个问题可能出现在折叠光学变焦双孔径照相机中,例如图3所示的照相机300。这种照相机例如在通过引用全部合并于此的共同拥有的国际专利申请PCT/IB2016/052179中有详细描述。照相机300包括折叠光学照相机模块302和直立(非折叠)照相机模块304。除了其他部件之外,折叠光学照相机模块302包括用于使透镜模块306(以及其中的透镜,此后将其称为“折叠透镜”)在X-Y平面内运动的透镜致动子组件。该透镜致动子组件包括具有将透镜模块306悬挂在基座310上方的四个柔性悬挂构件(即上面提到的“杆-弹簧”)308a-d的悬挂结构。在一些实施例中,悬挂构件306a-d可以是四线的形式,并且可以称为“线弹簧”或者“极”。如本领域中已知的并且在共同拥有的美国专利申请No.14/373490中示例性描述的,悬挂结构允许平面内运动。示例性地,透镜的第一运动方向312用来实现自动对焦(AF),并且第二运动方向314用来实现OIS。如上面所描述的透镜的围绕与Z轴平行的轴的第三运动,即不需要的旋转316实际造成透镜的不需要的动态倾斜影响(透镜的光轴可能由于该旋转的原因而不垂直于传感器表面),并且可能导致通常在一侧清晰并且在另一侧模糊的图像。
反映任何结构动态地表现一种方式或另一种方式的倾向的物理量是表征每种行为模式的自然频率值。这当然也与上面描述的悬挂结构有关。图4a至图4c示出了四圆杆-弹簧极支撑的标准刚性板的模拟行为。刚性板可以表示任何光学元件(诸如例如透镜)。杆-弹簧极对X-Y平面(其垂直于极的中性轴)内的任何方向上的运动具有相同的刚度。这些图示出了所述结构对于每种不同的运动模式的按照自然频率比值表示的顺应性:图4a涉及X平移,图4b涉及Y平移,并且图4c涉及围绕Z轴的旋转。箭头示意性地示出了这些不同的运动。基准尺指示以毫米计的变形尺度。针对X和Y平移的归一化(相对于在该示例性情况下为33.6Hz的第一频率)自然频率为相同量级(具体地在(图4a)中为1,在(图4b)中为1.1),而针对旋转(图4c)的自然频率具有1.8的相对值,其也是X和Y平移的相同量级。因此,针对扭转(围绕Z的旋转)和针对X或Y平移的自然频率之间的比值大约为1.8。通常,已知的比值不大于2。这意味着扭转模式出现的机会几乎与X和Y平移模式出现的机会相同。这可能在如上所述的双孔径和/或折叠变焦照相机(其中它将表示为动态倾斜)造成问题。
鉴于以上所述,在没有主动控制环(具有这样的控制环是克服所描述的问题的一种可能的方式)的情况下得到透镜的希望的运动将是非常困难的。不需要的扭转可以借助于对线圈施加的力的电气控制而显着地降低(即通过使用若干线圈,并且控制它们,因而得到的扭矩作用来将透镜的旋转限制在规定的可接受极限内)。然而,添加主动控制环以避免倾斜使设计复杂化并且增加了成本。因此,有利的将是在没有用于旋转/倾斜的主动控制环的情况下具有用于OIS的透镜致动子组件。
发明内容
在一个示例性实施例中,提供了一种用于在数字照相机中在至少一个方向上提供光学图像稳定(OIS)的机构,其包括:机械耦合到至少携带数字照相机的透镜的透镜模块的多个弹簧,其中所述多个弹簧提供对于透镜模块在彼此正交的两个,即第一和第二方向上的运动的整体低刚度以及对于透镜模块的扭转的高刚度,使得由高刚度和低刚度引起的自然频率之间的比值大于2。
在一个示例性实施例中,所述多个弹簧包括在第一方向上具有低刚度和在第二方向上具有高刚度的第一多个弹簧;以及在第一方向上具有高刚度和在第二方向上具有低刚度的第二多个弹簧。
在一个示例性实施例中,由高刚度和低刚度引起的自然频率之间的比值大于3。
在一个示例性实施例中,由高刚度和低刚度引起的自然频率之间的比值大于5。
在一个示例性实施例中,由高刚度和低刚度引起的自然频率之间的比值大于10。
在一个示例性实施例中,所述机构维度确定为容纳透镜模块而不遮挡穿过透镜的光学路径。
在一个示例性实施例中,所述第一多个包括两对片簧并且所述第二多个包括一对叉簧。
在一个示例性实施例中,所述第一多个包括一对片簧和一个叉簧,并且所述第二多个包括一对叉簧。
在一个示例性实施例中,所述第一和第二多个中的每一个包括一对叉簧。
在一个示例性实施例中,数字照相机为双光学模块照相机。
在一个示例性实施例中,透镜为折叠透镜。
在一个示例性实施例中,照相机适于执行自动对焦。
附图说明
本文公开的实施例的非限制性实例在下文中参照该段落之后列出的其附图进行描述。附图和说明书意在阐明和澄清本文公开的实施例,并且不应当以任何方式被认为是限制性的。在不同的附图中,相似的元件用相似的数字表示。
图1a至图1b示出了具有示例性经典四杆-弹簧OIS结构的照相机模块:(图1a)需要的X-Y平移的模式;以及(图1b)围绕Z轴的不需要的旋转的模式;
图2a至图2b示出了一种双孔径照相机:(图2a)围绕大致居中位于两个照相机模块之间的轴的旋转模式;以及(图2b)每个透镜在不希望的方向上的运动;
图3示出了一种具有折叠光学照相机模块的双照相机模块;
图4a至图4c示出了四圆杆-弹簧柱支撑的标准刚性板的模拟行为:(图4a)X方向上的运动;(图4b)Y方向上的运动;以及(图4c)围绕旋转轴的倾斜;
图5a至图5c在(图5a)等距视图,(图5b)侧视图和(图5c)径向截面中示出了折叠光学照相机模块中的本文公开的OIS和AF支撑结构的一个示例性实施例;
图6a至图6c示出了图5a至图5c的支撑结构对于(图6a)X方向上的运动,(图6b)Y方向上的运动和(图6c)围绕旋转轴的倾斜的模拟行为。
图7示出了折叠光学照相机模块中的OIS和AF支撑结构的另一个示例性实施例的等距视图;
图8示出了具有本文公开的支撑结构保持的两个照相机模块的双孔径照相机的一个示例性实施例的等距视图;
图9a至图9c示出了折叠光学照相机模块中的支撑结构的另一个示例性实施例对于(图9a)X方向上的运动,(图9b)Y方向上的运动和(图9c)围绕旋转轴的倾斜的模拟行为。
具体实施方式
我们确定了可以利用支撑构件设计用于AF和OIS的透镜支撑结构,所述支撑构件具有对于不同的运动类型的不同方向上的运动的不同顺应性(刚度)。不同运动方向上或者对于不同运动类型的不同顺应性可以通过这样的支撑构件的非圆形或者非方形支撑截面获得。
图5在(图5a)等距视图,(图5b)侧视图和(图5c)径向截面中示出了编号为502的支撑结构保持的折叠透镜500的一个示例性实施例。示例性地,支撑结构502可以包括四个支撑弹簧构件502a-d,每个弹簧构件基本上为在一个方向(例如Y)上具有高刚度并且在与第一方向垂直的第二方向(例如X)上具有低刚度的薄片簧。在本说明书中,参照弹簧结构使用的术语“高刚度”涉及具有数百至数千赫兹,示例性地200-4000Hz之间的范围内的自然频率的弹簧结构。参照弹簧结构使用的术语“低刚度”涉及具有数十赫兹,示例性地30-100Hz之间的范围内的自然频率的弹簧结构。通常,弹簧的自然频率与其刚度的平方根成比例。
此后,将支撑构件502称为“片簧”。示例性地,片簧502具有4.8-5.5mm的长度L3和矩形截面,在弯曲方向(这里为X)上具有小的(示例性地20-60μm)厚度d1并且在非弯曲方向(这里为Y)上具有大得多的(示例性地0.5-1mm)宽度d2。片簧的结构和机械性质仅仅允许X方向上针对AF的运动。每个片簧在各自的上端504a-d刚性连接到刚性上部框架506,并且在各自的底端刚性连接到基座,例如基座310。片簧502a和502b可选地可以通过棒530在底端连接。支撑结构502进一步包括在上端510刚性耦合到框架506并且在下端(分别为514a和514b)刚性耦合到透镜支撑板512的两个支撑弹簧508a和508b。支撑弹簧508a和508b被设计为在Y方向上对于OIS运动具有低刚度并且在X方向具有高刚度,而不显着增加照相机模块宽度。示例性地且如单独地示出的,弹簧508a或508b包括通过两个对角片簧构件522和524连接的两个片簧构件520和521。片簧和对角弹簧在上端连接到构件523。此后,将诸如弹簧508之类的支撑弹簧称为“叉簧”。示例性地,对角片簧构件具有厚度与片簧502(示例性地20-60μm)同量级并且宽度d3大约为0.2mm的矩形截面。示例性地,叉簧508可以具有7-10mm范围内的长度维度L4和4-5mm范围内的高度H。示例性地,在一个实施例中,L4近似为9.5mm并且H近似为4.6mm。可选地或者可替换地,片簧502a和502b可以由叉簧508代替,注意(如果必要的话)不遮挡光学路径。在又一个可替换的实施例中,叉簧508也可以代替片簧502c和502d,注意(如果必要的话)不遮挡光学路径。
框架506可以示例性地由诸如LCP(E525T)之类的塑料材料制成。板512刚性连接到透镜516(或者携带透镜的透镜载体)。在该实施例中,上部框架506具有U形以便不阻挡到路径折叠光学元件(例如反射镜或棱镜,未示出)的光学路径。示例性地,框架506具有L1=11.9mm并且L2=7.6mm的维度。更一般地,比值L2/L1可以介于0.5-0.7之间。
图6a至图6c示出了由模态有限元分析得到的图5a至图5c的支撑结构的前三种模式,其中(图6a)描述了针对AF的X方向上的运动模式,(图6b)描述了针对OIS的Y方向上的运动模式,并且(图6c)描述了像图3中的运动316那样的围绕旋转轴的(不需要的)倾斜模式。箭头示例性地示出了不同的运动。在用于AF时,在使弹簧502弯曲的同时驱动透镜和上部框架506以便在X方向上运动。Y方向上的运动和诸如图3中围绕Z轴的旋转316之类的不需要的旋转是最小的。对于OIS而言,Y方向上的透镜运动通过叉簧508的弯曲而被允许(也参见图6b),而X方向上的运动和围绕Z轴的不需要的旋转再次是最小的。具体地,针对X和Y平移的归一化(相对于在该示例性情况下为40Hz的第一频率)自然频率为相同量级(具体地在(图6a)中为1,在(图6b)中为1.2),而针对旋转(图6c)的自然频率具有29.3的相对值。换言之,图6c中的自然频率量级远高于图6a和图6b中的自然频率。有利的是,布置单独的片簧(在X方向上为柔性的)和叉簧(在Y方向上为柔性的)防止了围绕Z轴的不需要的旋转运动。
在一个实施例中并且示例性地,弹簧由125GPa的弹性模量的铜镍锡mx-215合金制成。在其他示例性实施例中,弹簧可以由某种其他的金属合金制成,或者由非金属,例如聚合物或塑料材料制成,由复合材料制成,或者由金属/陶瓷和/或塑料材料的组合物制成,这些材料被选择为使得维度和弹性性质适合照相机形状要求。
图7示出了折叠光学照相机700中的支撑结构的另一个示例性实施例的等距视图。在这里,上部框架706是闭合的,并且片簧702c和702d在底部通过棒704连接,棒704在Y方向上给予附加的刚度。可替换地,片簧和棒可以由叉簧代替。框架在光学路径折叠元件(棱镜或者反射镜)之后是闭合的,因此不存在干扰到该元件的光学路径的问题。在图9a至图9c所示的又一个实施例中,上部框架906具有通过两个交叉棒构件906a和906b加强的闭合矩形形状。
图8示出了具有本文公开的支撑结构保持的两个照相机模块802和7804的双孔径照相机800的一个示例性实施例的等距视图。上部框架806像图7中的框架706那样是闭合的,而支撑结构由叉簧808a-d组成。在这里,支撑结构在X和Y两个方向上被设计用于OIS。
图9a至图9c示出了由模态模拟得到的折叠光学照相机模块中的支撑结构的另一个示例性实施例的前三种模式,其中:(图9a)描述了针对AF的X方向上的运动模式,(图9b)描述了针对OIS的Y方向上的运动模式,以及(图9c)描述了围绕旋转轴的(不需要的)倾斜模式。箭头示例性地示出了这些不同的运动。第一频率为100Hz,针对X和Y平移的归一化自然频率为相同量级(具体地在(图9a)中为1,在(图9b)中为1.2),而针对扭转(图9c)的自然频率具有23.9的相对值。
总的说来,就在执行AF和OIS的同时避免不需要的线性运动和旋转(扭转)而言,本文提供的支撑结构的性能远远优于用于相同目的的任何已知支撑结构的性能。
尽管按照某些实施例和总体相关联的方法描述了本公开,但是这些实施例和方法的改变和置换对于本领域技术人员而言将是清楚明白的。本公开应当被理解为不受本文描述的具体实施例限制,而是仅仅由所附权利要求书的范围限制。
Claims (12)
1.一种折叠照相机模块,其特征在于:所述折叠照相机模块包括:
(a)一透镜模块,具有一透镜光轴;
(b)一光学路径折叠元件,沿着所述透镜光轴定位在一光学路径;以及
(c)一透镜致动子组件,配置用以致动所述透镜模块,以沿着本质上平行于所述光学路径的一第一方向移动,以进行自动对焦;并且以沿着本质上垂直于所述光学路径的一第二方向移动,以用于光学图像稳定,以补偿所述折叠照相机模块围绕所述第一方向的倾斜;
其中所述透镜致动子组件包括多个弹簧,机械连接到所述透镜模块以及一刚性上部框架,其中所述多个弹簧为所述透镜模块在所述第一方向和所述第二方向上的移动提供整体低刚度,并且为所述透镜模块的扭转提供高刚度,使得对于扭转的高刚度以及对于在所述第一方向和所述第二方向上移动的低刚度所产生的自然频率之间的比值大于2;以及
其中所述刚性上部框架在所述光学路径折叠元件之后是闭合的,而不遮挡到达所述光学路径折叠元件的所述光学路径,或者是具有一U形,而不阻挡到达所述光学路径折叠元件的所述光学路径。
2.根据权利要求1所述的折叠照相机模块,其特征在于:对于扭转的高刚度以及对于在所述第一方向和所述第二方向上移动的低刚度所产生的自然频率之间的一比值大于3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的折叠照相机模块,其特征在于:对于扭转的高刚度以及对于在所述第一方向和所述第二方向上移动的低刚度所产生的自然频率之间的一比值大于5。
4.根据权利要求1所述的折叠照相机模块,其特征在于:对于扭转的高刚度以及对于在所述第一方向和所述第二方向上移动的低刚度所产生的自然频率之间的一比值大于10。
5.根据权利要求1所述的折叠照相机模块,其特征在于:所述多个弹簧包括第一多个弹簧和第二多个弹簧,所述第一多个弹簧具有在所述第一方向上移动的低刚度并且具有在所述第二方向上移动的高刚度,所述第二多个弹簧具有在所述第一方向上移动的高刚度和在所述第二方向上移动的低刚度,其中在各方向上对于移动的高刚度以及对于移动的低刚度所产生的自然频率之间的一比值大于2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的折叠照相机模块,其特征在于:所述透镜致动子组件的尺寸适于容纳所述透镜模块,而不妨碍穿过所述透镜模块的一光学路径。
7.根据权利要求1所述的折叠照相机模块,其特征在于:所述多个弹簧包括:
第一多个弹簧,在一弹簧下端连接到一基座,在一弹簧上端连接到所述刚性上部框架,所述第一多个弹簧沿着所述第一方向上具有一低刚度,并且沿着所述第二方向上具有一高刚度,所述第一多个弹簧具有沿着所述第一方向上的一自然频率,高于沿着所述第二方向上的一自然频率2倍或更多倍,而只允许所述上部框架沿着所述第一方向移动;以及
第二多个弹簧,在一弹簧上端连接到所述刚性上部框架,在一弹簧下端连接到所述透镜模块,所述第二多个弹簧沿着所述第二方向上具有一低刚度,并且沿着所述第一方向上具有一高刚度,所述第二多个弹簧具有沿着所述第二方向上的一自然频率,高于沿着所述第一方向上的一自然频率2倍或更多倍。
8.根据权利要求1所述的折叠照相机模块,其特征在于:所述多个弹簧包括:
一第一多个弹簧,在一弹簧下端连接到一基座,在一弹簧上端连接到所述刚性上部框架,所述第一多个弹簧沿着所述第二方向上具有一低刚度,并且沿着所述第一方向上具有一高刚度,所述第一多个弹簧具有沿着所述第二方向上的一自然频率,高于沿着所述第一方向上的一自然频率2倍或更多倍;以及
一第二多个弹簧,在一弹簧上端连接到所述刚性上部框架,在一弹簧下端连接到一透镜模块,所述第二多个弹簧沿着所述第一方向上具有一低刚度,沿着所述第二方向上具有一高刚度,所述第二多个弹簧具有沿着所述第一方向上的一自然频率,高于沿着所述第二方向上的一自然频率2倍或更多倍。
9.根据权利要求1所述的折叠照相机模块,其特征在于:所述光学路径折叠元件包括一棱镜或一反射镜。
10.根据权利要求1所述的折叠照相机模块,其特征在于:所述折叠照相机模块与一非折叠照相机被包括在一双照相机中。
11.根据权利要求1所述的折叠照相机模块,其特征在于:所述折叠照相机模块包括在一智能电话中。
12.根据权利要求10所述的折叠照相机模块,其特征在于:所述双照相机包括在一智能电话中。
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