CN110663427A - Organic cultivation method for planting carya illinoensis by utilizing biogas slurry - Google Patents
Organic cultivation method for planting carya illinoensis by utilizing biogas slurry Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic cultivation method for planting carya illinoensis by utilizing biogas slurry, which is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps of ① garden selection and land preparation, ② carya illinoensis seedling selection and planting, ③ biogas slurry preparation, arrangement of ④ carya illinoensis biogas slurry discharge channels, biogas slurry discharge and ⑤ carya illinoensis tree post-planting management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree cultivation technology and environmental protection, and particularly relates to an organic cultivation method for planting carya illinoensis by utilizing biogas slurry.
Background
Carya illinoensis, also known as American Carya is a species of Juglandaceae, Carya genus. The native product of America and Mexico is one of the important oil-bearing dry fruit tree species in the world, the shell of the oil-bearing dry fruit tree is thin and easy to peel, the kernel and the meat are fat, the taste is fragrant and delicious, and the oil-bearing dry fruit tree has higher nutritional value. The apocarya is an excellent economic tree species with wide application, long benefit period, high economic benefit and obvious social benefit and ecological benefit. The carya illinoensis is introduced into China in 1900 years, has a history of nearly 120 years so far, and has been subjected to continuous efforts of several generations of people, but at present, a standard forest stand and a stable-yield and high-yield orchard are not provided, and scale and industrialization are not referred to. Roasted seeds and nuts sold in the market at present are imported from the United states. There are many subjective and objective reasons why this occurs. The planting technology of the good varieties of the apocarya is still relatively laggard, and particularly has great problems in the aspects of organic fertilizer application amount and fertilizer application technology, and under the common conditions, the method of locally digging holes and applying the holes in winter is adopted after the leaves of the apocarya fall, so that all root systems cannot be fully contacted with the organic fertilizer, a large amount of manpower is consumed, and labor-saving planting is not facilitated.
The biogas slurry is mainly prepared by fermenting cow dung or pig dung, is tasteless after fermentation and has fertilizer efficiency after fermentation, which is more than 10 times of that of common chemical synthetic fertilizers. Contains rich organic matters and much humic acid. The biogas liquid fertilizer has the characteristics of wide raw material source, low cost, complete nutrients, long fertilizer effect, capability of improving soil and the like. The water quality characteristic is easy to be absorbed by plants, and the biogas slurry cannot be used too much like chemical fertilizer and cannot burn seedlings. By applying the biogas slurry frequently, crops grow strongly, the thickness of leaves and the weight of fruits are increased remarkably, the quality is improved remarkably, the yield can be improved by about 15-35%, and the average soluble sugar is 36%; the pesticide has special effect on the deficiency disease of crops, such as lobular disease; meanwhile, the compound fertilizer improves cold-resistant physiology and frost resistance, can be called as 'fertilizer king', and is the best fertilizer for producing pollution-free green high-grade organic food, which has the most complete and balanced crop nutrition in the world at present.
The biogas slurry can be used for treating rot, ring rot, dry rot, root rot, alternaria leaf spot, mildew, brown spot, powdery mildew, black spot and red spot of fruit trees; pear scab; grape anthracnose, white rot, gray mold, downy mildew, anthracnose; cherry leaf surface perforation, leaf spot and gummosis; the control method has obvious control effect on almost all fungi and bacterial diseases such as epidemic diseases, banded sclerotial blight and the like of fruit trees, vegetables and field seedlings. The biogas slurry has obvious control effect on almost all plant diseases and insect pests such as aphids, red spiders, white spiders, root maggots, budworms, asparagus caterpillars, cotton bollworms and the like, and can reduce the control frequency of the plant diseases and insect pests (more than three times at least) for crops using the biogas slurry all year round. And has no pollution, residual toxicity and drug resistance, and is called biological pesticide.
In recent years, after livestock farms (such as cattle and pig farms) ferment excrement, biogas is used for power generation to meet their own needs, but the problem of how to discharge biogas slurry is a problem facing breeding enterprises, and random discharge of biogas slurry inevitably causes environmental pollution. For many years, researchers are always exploring a mode of combining cultivation with ecological circulation, but the effect is not obvious, and the livestock farm still transports the produced biogas slurry to a required place by using an automobile, consuming time and consuming money. The pecan tree species per se needs large fertilizer and large water, so the technology introduces the pecan tree species around a farm, organically combines the pecan planting with biogas slurry discharge, explores a new planting and breeding combined technology, and is a problem to be solved urgently in the fields of fruit tree and forest cultivation technology and environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention solves the problem of planting and breeding circulation of organically combining the planting of carya illinoensis and the discharge of biogas slurry, and provides an organic cultivation method for planting carya illinoensis by using biogas slurry.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
an organic cultivation method for planting carya illinoensis by utilizing biogas slurry comprises the following operation steps:
(1) selection and preparation of land
The land with flat terrain and fertile soil is selected, and the land is close to the farms (cattle and pig) which have biogas slurry fermentation conditions. Leveling the land and deeply ploughing by using a digging machine. Digging a pit by using a digging machine, placing surface soil on one side, placing deep soil on the other side, wherein the length, width and depth of the pit are 1m multiplied by 1-1.5 m, applying decomposed organic fertilizer 50cm in the pit, then filling the surface soil back into the pit by using the digging machine, and then filling the deep soil back into the pit, wherein the back-filled soil is kept horizontal to the ground.
(2) Carya illinoensis seedling selection and planting method
The carya illinoensis seedling is grafted with excellent variety with developed root system, and has seedling age of 3-5 years and ground diameter of 3-8 cm. Placing the thin-shelled walnut tree seedlings in the middle of the pit, planting with surface soil, planting in a quincuncial pile form with a plant spacing of 3-12m and a row spacing of 3-12m, watering thoroughly after planting, and strengthening the seedlings.
(3) Biogas slurry preparation
The biogas slurry is prepared by fermenting cow dung or pig dung of nearby farms, is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and contains about 1600mg/kg of nitrogen, 280mg/kg of phosphorus and 1000mg/kg of potassium.
(4) Arrangement and biogas slurry discharge of apocarya biogas slurry discharge ditch
Perpendicular to the direction of the planting rows of the carya illinoensis, a digger is used for digging a large ditch every 100 meters, the width and the depth of the large ditch are respectively 80m multiplied by 80cm, and the length is determined according to the size of a land parcel. Perpendicular to the direction of the ditch, parallel to the planting rows, and 1m away from the tree, a small ditch is opened by a ditcher, the width and the depth of the small ditch are respectively 30m multiplied by 30cm, and the small ditch is connected with the large ditch. Discharging biogas slurry in a large ditch, injecting water into the ditch at the same place while discharging the biogas slurry, wherein the water injection amount is 5-10 times of the biogas slurry amount, and the biogas slurry and the water flow into a small ditch from the large ditch to provide water and nutrients for the carya illinoensis trees.
(5) Technique for managing thin-shell pecan trees after planting
Pruning according to the following method in 2-5 years after planting: summer pruning is mainly adopted, wherein summer pruning is carried out in the middle of 6 months per year, the annual branch short cut of 20-50cm is 1/5, and the annual branch short cut of more than 50cm is 1/3; applying 1-5kg of slow release fertilizer to each tree in winter every year; irrigating in time to ensure sufficient water; the tissue is manually caught and the pest borers are trapped and killed by the insecticidal lamp, and the tree crown can be formed 5 years after the planting. Emasculation is timely performed, the nutrient consumption caused by male flowers is reduced, and the nutrition of the tree body is ensured.
The excellent variety is approved or identified pecan variety, including Bonni, Marhan, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Weiqita, Style, Kaduo, Luzhou No. 1, Xiao Shini, etc.
The decomposed organic fertilizer is cow dung or pig dung.
The surface soil is soil which is more than 30cm away from the ground, and the deep soil is soil which is less than 30cm away from the ground.
The plant-row spacing for planting the carya illinoensis is 6m multiplied by 6 m.
The direction of the planting rows of the carya illinoensis is east-west direction.
The number of times of biogas slurry discharge is 1 per quarter.
The amount of the discharged biogas slurry is the amount of the mixed liquid of the biogas slurry and the water which is filled in the small ditch.
The distance between the biogas slurry discharge small ditch and the tree is 1 m.
The water management means that the rainfall is less than 10mm in 10 days, namely, the irrigation is carried out for 1 time.
The irrigation method adopts a furrow irrigation or drip irrigation mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the pecan tree seeds are introduced around the farm to form a new planting and breeding combination technology combining the pecan and the biogas slurry, so that the problem of biogas slurry discharge of the farm is effectively solved, the environmental pollution is controlled, the financial resources required by biogas slurry discharge of the farm are reduced, and the effect of once and for all is achieved for the farm. The method uses biogas slurry to plant the carya illinoensis, and compared with the prior method of fertilizing in winter by digging holes and applying points, the method has the advantages that (1) all root systems of the carya illinoensis tree body are fully contacted with organic fertilizer, and can be irrigated for more than 4 times (1 time per quarter) in one year, is not limited by seasons, gives sufficient nutrient resources to the carya illinoensis tree body, promotes the carya illinoensis to grow rapidly, forms crowns rapidly, and achieves the purposes of early fruiting and high yield; (2) the purpose of irrigation can be achieved; (3) the use amount and use times of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are reduced, and the purpose of double reduction and the standard of organic cultivation are achieved; (4) the labor input is reduced to a great extent, and the effect of labor saving is achieved; and (5) the manner of digging a deep pit by a digging machine is adopted in the patent, so that the soil environment below 30cm of a plough layer (the soil below 30cm is hardened and the root system cannot penetrate through a plate layer because the plough layer of the soil for planting crops such as corn, rice, wheat and the like all year round is only 30 cm), and sufficient organic fertilizer is added at the bottom of the pit, so that the physiological environment of the soil is effectively improved, and the growth of carya illinoensis can be promoted. Therefore, the technical content of the patent has important guiding significance for the development of the industrialization of the apocarya in the future.
Drawings
FIG. 1 Tree pit
FIG. 2 biogas slurry discharge mode
FIG. 3 shows a biogas slurry discharge gutter
FIG. 4. the apocarya planting belt is applied with sufficient organic fertilizer
FIG. 5 shows a dual-purpose forest of thin-shelled hickory nut
Detailed Description
Example 1
(I) the method of the present invention
(1) Selection and preparation of land
The land with flat terrain and fertile soil is selected, and the land is close to the farms (cattle and pig) which have biogas slurry fermentation conditions. Leveling the land and deeply ploughing by using a digging machine. Digging a pit by using a digging machine, placing surface soil on one side, placing deep soil on the other side, wherein the length, width and depth of the pit are 1m multiplied by 1.2m, applying decomposed organic fertilizer 50cm in the pit, then filling the surface soil back into the pit by using the digging machine, then filling the deep soil back into the pit, and keeping the back-filled soil horizontal to the ground.
(2) Carya illinoensis seedling selection and planting method
The carya illinoensis seedling is grafted with excellent variety with developed root system, and has seedling age of 3-5 years and ground diameter of 3-8 cm. Placing the thin-shelled walnut tree seedlings in the middle of the pit, planting by using surface soil, planting the seedlings with the row spacing of 6m multiplied by 6m in a quincuncial pile form, watering the seedlings thoroughly, and righting the seedlings.
(3) Biogas slurry preparation
The biogas slurry is prepared by fermenting cow dung or pig dung of nearby farms, is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and contains about 1600mg/kg of nitrogen, 280mg/kg of phosphorus and 1000mg/kg of potassium.
(4) Arrangement and biogas slurry discharge of apocarya biogas slurry discharge ditch
Perpendicular to the direction of the planting rows of the carya illinoensis, a digger is used for digging a large ditch every 100 meters, the width and the depth of the large ditch are respectively 80m multiplied by 80cm, and the length is determined according to the size of a land parcel. Perpendicular to the direction of the ditch, parallel to the planting rows, and 1m away from the tree, a small ditch is opened by a ditcher, the width and the depth of the small ditch are respectively 30m multiplied by 30cm, and the small ditch is connected with the large ditch. Discharging biogas slurry in a large ditch, injecting water into the ditch at the same place while discharging the biogas slurry, wherein the water injection amount is 5-10 times of the biogas slurry amount, and the biogas slurry and the water flow into a small ditch from the large ditch to provide water and nutrients for the carya illinoensis trees.
(5) Technique for managing thin-shell pecan trees after planting
Pruning according to the following method in 2-5 years after planting: summer pruning is mainly adopted, wherein summer pruning is carried out in the middle of 6 months per year, the annual branch short cut of 20-50cm is 1/5, and the annual branch short cut of more than 50cm is 1/3; applying 1-5kg of slow release fertilizer to each tree in winter every year; irrigating in time to ensure sufficient water; the tissue is manually caught and the pest borers are trapped and killed by the insecticidal lamp, and the tree crown can be formed 5 years after the planting. Emasculation is timely performed, the nutrient consumption caused by male flowers is reduced, and the nutrition of the tree body is ensured.
Comparative example 1
(1) Selection and preparation of land
Selecting land with flat terrain and fertile soil. And (4) manually digging pits, wherein the length, the width and the depth of each pit are 0.3m multiplied by 0.3 m.
(2) Carya illinoensis seedling selection and planting method
The carya illinoensis seedling is grafted with excellent variety with developed root system, and has seedling age of 3-5 years and ground diameter of 3-8 cm. And (3) placing the thin-shelled walnut tree seedlings in the middle of the pit for planting, wherein the row spacing of the planted seedlings is 6m multiplied by 6m, planting in a quincuncial pile form, watering the planted seedlings thoroughly, and righting the seedlings.
(3) Technique for managing thin-shell pecan trees after planting
Pruning according to the following method in 2-5 years after planting: summer pruning is mainly adopted, wherein summer pruning is carried out in the middle of 6 months per year, the annual branch short cut of 20-50cm is 1/5, and the annual branch short cut of more than 50cm is 1/3; applying 30-50kg of decomposed organic fertilizer (pig manure or cow manure) and 1-5kg of slow release fertilizer to each tree in winter every year; applying nitrogen fertilizer for 1 time every month in 5, 6, 7, 8 months in summer every year; irrigating in time to ensure sufficient water; the tissue is manually caught and killed by an insecticidal lamp to trap and kill stem borers, and spray treatment is carried out in time from 4 middle ten days to 6 middle ten days according to the occurrence condition of black spot disease of carya illinoensis for 2-3 times, the selected medicaments are procymidone, prochloraz, azoxystrobin, oxine-copper and the like, and imidacloprid is mixed to control the Rhizopus niponensis during the prevention and treatment of black spot disease. The crown can be formed 5 years after planting. Emasculation is timely performed, the nutrient consumption caused by male flowers is reduced, and the nutrition of the tree body is ensured.
Table 1 comparison of the present invention patent with conventional planting methods
Claims (9)
1. An organic cultivation method for planting carya illinoensis by using biogas slurry is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selection and preparation of land
The land with flat terrain and fertile soil is selected, the land is close to pig and cattle farms, and the farms have biogas slurry fermentation conditions. Leveling the land, digging a pit by using a digging machine, placing surface soil on one side, placing deep soil on the other side, wherein the length, width and depth of the pit are 1m multiplied by 1.0-1.5 m, applying decomposed organic fertilizer in the pit by 30-50 cm, then filling the surface soil back into the pit by using the digging machine, then filling the deep soil back into the pit, and keeping the level of the back-filled soil and the ground;
(2) carya illinoensis seedling selection and planting method
Selecting a good variety grafted seedling with a developed root system from the carya illinoensis seedlings, wherein the seedling age is 3-5 years, and the ground diameter is 3-8 cm; placing a thin-shelled mountain walnut tree seedling in the middle of a planting pit, planting by using surface soil, planting with a plant spacing of 3-12m and a row spacing of 3-12m in a quincuncial pile form, watering thoroughly after planting, and righting the seedling;
(3) biogas slurry preparation
The biogas slurry is prepared by fermenting cow dung or pig dung of a nearby farm;
(4) arrangement and biogas slurry discharge of apocarya biogas slurry discharge ditch
The method comprises the following steps of (1) utilizing a digger to open a large ditch in every 100 meters perpendicular to the planting row direction of the carya illinoensis, wherein the width and the depth of the large ditch are respectively 80m multiplied by 80cm, the length of the large ditch is determined according to the size of a land parcel, the large ditch is perpendicular to the planting row direction and parallel to the planting row, a small ditch is opened by utilizing a ditcher at a position 0.5-1m away from a tree, the width and the depth of the small ditch are respectively 30m multiplied by 30cm, the small ditch is connected with the large ditch, biogas slurry is discharged into the large ditch, meanwhile, water is injected into the ditch at the same place, the water injection amount is 5-10 times of the biogas slurry amount, and the biogas slurry and the water flow into the small ditch from the large ditch to;
(5) technique for managing thin-shell pecan trees after planting
Pruning according to the following method in 2-5 years after planting: summer pruning is mainly adopted, wherein summer pruning is carried out in the middle of 6 months per year, the annual branch short cut of 20-50cm is 1/5, and the annual branch short cut of more than 50cm is 1/3; applying 1-5kg of slow release fertilizer to each tree in winter every year; irrigating in time to ensure sufficient water; the tissue is manually caught and the pest borers are trapped and killed by the insecticidal lamp, and the tree crown can be formed 5 years after the planting. Emasculation is timely performed, the nutrient consumption caused by male flowers is reduced, and the nutrition of the tree body is ensured.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the elite variety in step (2) is an approved or identified variety of pecan nut, including any three or more of boni, mahanhan, shaoxing, jinhua, willebra, stuart, cado, aegium 1, and schottky.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the decomposed organic fertilizer in step (2) is cow dung or pig dung.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the topsoil in the step (2) is soil that is 30cm or more from the ground, and the subsoil is soil that is 30cm or less from the ground.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the plants planted in the carya illinoensis in the step (2) is 6m x 6 m; the direction of the planting rows of the carya illinoensis is east-west direction.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the biogas slurry is discharged 1 time per quarter in step (4) and the amount of biogas slurry discharged is the amount of mixed biogas slurry and water filled in the minor groove.
7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance from the biogas slurry discharge minor groove to the tree in step (4) is 100 cm.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water management in the step (4) means that the rainfall is less than 10mm in 10 days, i.e., the irrigation is performed 1 time.
9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the irrigation method in step (4) is in the form of furrow irrigation or drip irrigation.
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