CN110657722A - Hole-by-hole initiation method for complex environment foundation pit excavation - Google Patents
Hole-by-hole initiation method for complex environment foundation pit excavation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110657722A CN110657722A CN201910908712.6A CN201910908712A CN110657722A CN 110657722 A CN110657722 A CN 110657722A CN 201910908712 A CN201910908712 A CN 201910908712A CN 110657722 A CN110657722 A CN 110657722A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a hole-by-hole blasting method for complex environment foundation pit excavation, and belongs to the technical field of blasting. According to the invention, pre-splitting holes are uniformly distributed on the excavation contour line of the foundation pit in the designed complex environment, uncoupled charge devices are arranged in the pre-splitting holes, and the uncoupled charge devices in the pre-splitting holes are controlled by digital electronic detonators to accurately delay hole-by-hole initiation; the method comprises the steps of cleaning pre-splitting blasting explosive piles, arranging a plurality of rows of staggered main explosive holes in a main explosive area of a foundation pit excavation surface, enabling the row spacing of the main explosive holes to be equal, enabling the hole spacing of the main explosive holes to be equal, arranging non-coupling explosive devices in the main explosive holes, controlling accurate delay through digital electronic detonators, detonating row by row and hole by hole, and cleaning the main explosive area explosive piles. The foundation pit forming time is short, compared with the method for simultaneously detonating the pre-split holes, the method for simultaneously detonating the pre-split holes in the foundation pit is high in average damping rate of the pre-split hole-by-hole detonating, the main detonation zone is detonated in a hole-by-hole mode, the vibration of the main detonation zone is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the pre-split holes are detonated to form a new blank face first, so that the blasting effect is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hole-by-hole blasting method for complex environment foundation pit excavation, and belongs to the technical field of blasting.
Background
During blasting operation, because the explosive can generate strong shock waves and high-pressure gas when exploding in the blast hole, the surrounding rock mass is broken and cracked. In many projects in China, such as strip mine slopes, hydraulic buildings, traffic cutting, building foundation pits, tunnels, underground building tunneling and the like, blasting boundaries need to be controlled, blasting vibration is reduced, over-excavation and under-excavation are not needed, and rock masses on the excavation boundaries need to be kept complete and stable as much as possible.
With the shortage of engineering land, the excavation of the surrounding environment of the foundation pit is more and more complicated. In the excavation process of the original primary blasting foundation pit, primary blasting powder charge is large, the stability of surrounding rock masses cannot be ensured during blasting, and due to the lack of a free surface, the blasting effect is poor, strong shock waves and high-pressure gas are generated during blasting, and the damage to surrounding buildings is large. Compared with blasting foundation pit excavation, the other foundation pit excavation methods have long foundation pit forming period and high construction cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation of blasting operation in a complex environment with residential concentration areas, large farms or important building facilities within 100m of the edge of a blasting area, the problems of blasting vibration control on surrounding buildings, slow foundation pit excavation forming period, high foundation pit excavation cost and the like in the existing complex environment of foundation pit excavation are solved; the method can well solve the problem of vibration of surrounding buildings caused by excavation of the foundation pit under the complex environment condition.
The delay time of the detonators in the holes is required to be set in advance for the digital electronic detonators, and when accurate short-delay detonation is carried out layer by layer or hole by hole, the edge stress distribution of the edges of the blast holes is changed through the time difference, so that the stress of the blast holes is concentrated, cracks are expanded and communicated in the direction of the blast hole connecting line, and the vibration is effectively reduced compared with simultaneous blasting.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a hole-by-hole detonation method in a complex environment comprises the following specific steps:
(1) uniformly arranging pre-splitting holes on the outline of the foundation pit excavated in the designed complex environment, arranging radial uncoupled charge devices in the pre-splitting holes, and controlling the uncoupled charge devices in the pre-splitting holes to accurately delay and detonate hole by hole through digital electronic detonators;
(2) the method comprises the steps of cleaning pre-splitting blasting explosive piles, arranging a plurality of rows of staggered main explosive holes in a main explosive area of a foundation pit excavation surface, enabling the row spacing of the main explosive holes to be equal, enabling the hole spacing of the main explosive holes to be equal, arranging non-coupling explosive devices in the main explosive holes, controlling accurate delay through digital electronic detonators, detonating row by row and hole by hole, and cleaning the main explosive area explosive piles.
The hole spacing of the pre-splitting holes is 6 ~ 13 times of the diameter of the pre-splitting holes, and the delay time of the digital electronic detonators of the pre-splitting holes is 6 ~ 27 ms.
The uncoupled explosive loading device for smooth blasting comprises an explosive cartridge buckle 2, an explosive cartridge 3, a detonating tube 4 and a digital electronic detonator 1, wherein the explosive cartridge 3 is fixedly arranged on the explosive cartridge buckle 2, the digital electronic detonator 1 is arranged at the bottom of the lowermost explosive cartridge 3, a stemming 5 is filled in a presplitting blasting orifice, the digital electronic detonator 1 is connected with the detonating tube 4, and the detonating tube 4 penetrates through the stemming 5 and is externally connected with an electronic detonator through a lead.
Further, the cartridge buckle 2 comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, wherein the inner ring is a TPU plastic inner ring, and the outer ring is a semicircular polycarbonate bullet-proof glue.
Further, the main blasting holes are staggered vertical holes.
The hole pitch of each row of main blast holes is 6 ~ times of the aperture of the main blast holes, the row pitch of the adjacent rows of main blast holes is 0.8 ~.9 times of the hole pitch of the main blast holes, the inter-hole delay time of the digital electronic detonators of the main blast holes is 40 ~ ms, and the inter-row delay time of the digital electronic detonators of the main blast holes is 50 ~ ms.
The complex environment is that a residential concentration area, a large-scale farm or important building facilities are arranged in the edge 100m of the blasting area.
The digital electronic detonator is an electric detonator which controls the detonation process by adopting an electronic control module, wherein the electronic control module is a special circuit module which is arranged in the digital electronic detonator, has the functions of controlling the detonation delay time and the detonation energy of the detonator, is internally provided with a detonator identity information code and a detonation password, can test the self function and performance and the electrical performance of a detonator ignition element, and can communicate with a detonation controller and other external control equipment.
The digital electronic detonator is a commercially available product;
the electronic detonator can be selected from a strong detonator MFB-50, a CZQBQ-50, a 90, a 150, a 200 type and the like.
The delay time between main blast holes and the delay time between main blast hole rows of the main blast area are determined according to the rock mechanical property of the main blast area;
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, through the design of blasting parameters such as the diameter and pitch of blast holes and the design of a blasting scheme, delay time is selected to realize hole-by-hole blasting, a pre-crack is formed firstly, and then a main blasting area is blasted hole-by-hole, the forming time of a foundation pit is fast, the hole-by-hole blasting of the pre-crack holes is compared with the simultaneous blasting of the pre-crack holes, the average damping rate of the hole-by-hole blasting of the pre-crack holes is high, the simultaneous blasting vibration of the hole-by-hole blasting of the main blasting area and the main blasting area is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the hole-by-hole blasting of the pre-;
(2) the hole-by-hole detonation method in the complex environment has the advantages of small vibration to surrounding civil houses, cultural relics and other surrounding buildings, small disturbance of reserved rock masses, good stability and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a blasting environment and blast holes of a foundation pit;
FIG. 2 is a pre-split blast hole arrangement diagram;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of arrangement of blast holes in a main blast area;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a pre-cracked hole initiation network;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a primary blast zone hole-by-hole initiation circuit;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a non-coupled charge;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of the cartridge fastener;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a complex environment of embodiment 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1: the complex environment schematic diagram of the embodiment is shown in fig. 8, the rock property is medium hard rock, the rock property is stable, and the joint crack does not develop;
as shown in fig. 1 ~ 8, the method for initiating the foundation pit excavation hole by hole in the complex environment comprises the following specific steps:
(1) uniformly arranging pre-splitting holes on an excavation contour line of a foundation pit in a designed complex environment, arranging radial non-coupling explosive charging devices in the pre-splitting holes, and controlling the non-coupling explosive charging in the pre-splitting holes to accurately delay and detonate hole by hole through a digital electronic detonator;
(2) cleaning pre-splitting blasting explosive piles, arranging a plurality of staggered rows of main explosive holes in a main explosive area of a foundation pit excavation surface, enabling the row distances of the main explosive holes to be equal, enabling the hole distances of the main explosive holes to be equal, arranging non-coupling explosive charging devices in the main explosive holes, controlling accurate delay through digital electronic detonators to detonate the non-coupling explosive charging in the main explosive holes row by row and hole by hole, and cleaning the main explosive area explosive piles;
the specific implementation steps are as follows:
(1) according to geological conditions, selecting the unit consumption of cartridges, the diameter of the cartridges and the charging amount, determining the diameter of blast holes and the filling length according to a decoupling coefficient, uniformly arranging pre-splitting holes (shown in figure 2) on the outline line of an excavated foundation pit in a designed complex environment, arranging radial non-coupling charging devices (shown in figure 6) in the pre-splitting holes, setting the initiation time through an encoder, and determining the delay time t;
(2) controlling accurate delay hole-by-hole detonation through a digital electronic detonator (see figure 4), and cleaning a pre-splitting blasting pile;
(3) arranging a plurality of staggered rows of main explosion holes (shown in figure 3) in a main explosion area of the excavation surface of the foundation pit, wherein the main explosion holes are positioned on the central line of two adjacent main explosion holes of adjacent rows, the row distances of the main explosion holes are equal, the hole distances of the main explosion holes are equal, non-coupled explosive devices are arranged in the main explosion holes, and accurate delay is controlled by digital electronic detonators to detonate row by row, wherein the delay time T between the holes of each row of main explosion holes of the main explosion area is equal to the delay time H (shown in figure 5) between the rows of main explosion holes of the main explosion area, namely the detonation time of the nth main explosion hole of the nth row is NH + nT; clearing the primary explosion area blasting pile;
the hole spacing of the pre-splitting holes is 12 times of the diameter of the pre-splitting holes, and the delay time of the digital electronic detonators of the pre-splitting holes is 18 ms;
the uncoupled explosive loading device for smooth blasting comprises an explosive cartridge buckle 2, an explosive cartridge 3, a detonating tube 4 and a digital electronic detonator 1, wherein the explosive cartridge 3 is fixedly arranged on the explosive cartridge buckle 2, the digital electronic detonator 1 is arranged at the bottom of the lowermost explosive cartridge 3, a stemming 5 is filled in a pre-splitting blasting orifice, the digital electronic detonator 1 is connected with the detonating tube 4, and the detonating tube 4 penetrates through the stemming 5 and is externally connected with an electronic detonator through a lead (see fig. 6);
the cartridge buckle 2 comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, wherein the inner ring is a TPU plastic inner ring, and the outer ring is a semicircular polycarbonate bulletproof glue.
The main blasting holes are staggered vertical holes;
the delay time between main blast holes of the main blast area and the delay time between main blast hole rows of the main blast area are determined according to the properties of ore rocks of the main blast area, the hole pitch of each row of main blast holes is 10 times of the aperture of the main blast holes, the row pitch of the adjacent rows of main blast holes is 0.9 times of the hole pitch of the main blast holes, the delay time between the holes of the digital electronic detonators of the main blast holes is 43ms, and the delay time between the rows of the digital electronic detonators of the main blast holes is 100 ms;
the complex environment is that a residential concentration area, a large-scale farm or important building facilities are arranged in 100m of the edge of the blasting area;
the digital electronic detonator is an electric detonator which controls the detonation process by adopting an electronic control module, wherein the electronic control module is a special circuit module which is arranged in the digital electronic detonator, has the functions of controlling the detonation delay time and the detonation energy of the detonator, is internally provided with a detonator identity information code and a detonation password, can test the self function and performance and the electrical performance of a detonator ignition element, and can communicate with a detonation controller and other external control equipment;
the digital electronic detonator is a commercial product;
the electronic detonator can be a strong detonator MFB-50, CZQBQ-50, 90, 150, 200, etc.
Example 2: the complex environment is that residential concentration areas and large farms are arranged in 100m of the edge of the blasting area; the rock property is soft rock with drillability, and joint cracks develop;
the complex environment foundation pit excavation hole-by-hole initiation method of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that:
the hole pitch of the pre-splitting holes is 10 times of the diameter of the pre-splitting holes, and the delay time of the digital electronic detonators of the pre-splitting holes is 16 ms;
the delay time between main blast holes of the main blast area and the delay time between main blast hole rows of the main blast area are determined according to the properties of ore rocks of the main blast area, the hole pitch of each row of main blast holes is 8 times of the aperture of the main blast holes, the row pitch of the adjacent rows of main blast holes is 0.85 times of the hole pitch of the main blast holes, the delay time between the holes of the digital electronic detonators of the main blast holes is 27ms, and the delay time between the rows of the digital electronic detonators of the main blast holes is 90 ms;
the main blasting holes are staggered vertical holes.
Example 3: the complex environment is that the ancient buildings to be protected are arranged in the edge 100m of the blasting area; the rock property is hard and compact rock with drillability, and joint cracks do not develop;
the complex environment foundation pit excavation hole-by-hole initiation method of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that:
the hole pitch of the pre-splitting holes is 8 times of the diameter of the pre-splitting holes, and the delay time of the digital electronic detonators of the pre-splitting holes is 22 ms;
the delay time between main blast holes of the main blast area and the delay time between main blast hole rows of the main blast area are determined according to the properties of ore rocks of the main blast area, the hole pitch of each row of main blast holes is 7 times of the aperture of the main blast holes, the row pitch of the adjacent rows of main blast holes is 0.9 times of the hole pitch of the main blast holes, the delay time between the holes of the digital electronic detonators of the main blast holes is 47ms, and the delay time between the rows of the digital electronic detonators of the main blast holes is 110 ms;
the main blasting holes are staggered vertical holes;
the digital electronic detonator is an electric detonator which controls the detonation process by adopting an electronic control module, wherein the electronic control module is a special circuit module which is arranged in the digital electronic detonator, has the functions of controlling the detonation delay time and the detonation energy of the detonator, is internally provided with a detonator identity information code and a detonation password, can test the self function and performance and the electrical performance of a detonator ignition element, and can communicate with a detonation controller and other external control equipment;
the digital electronic detonator is a commercial product;
the electronic detonator can be a strong detonator MFB-50, CZQBQ-50, 90, 150, 200, etc.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A hole-by-hole detonation method in a complex environment is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) uniformly arranging pre-splitting holes on the contour line of the foundation pit excavated in the designed complex environment, arranging radial uncoupled charge devices in the pre-splitting holes, and controlling the uncoupled charge devices in the pre-splitting holes to accurately delay and detonate hole by hole through digital electronic detonators;
(2) the method comprises the steps of cleaning pre-splitting blasting explosive piles, arranging a plurality of rows of staggered main explosive holes in a main explosive area of a foundation pit excavation surface, enabling the row spacing of the main explosive holes to be equal, enabling the hole spacing of the main explosive holes to be equal, arranging non-coupling explosive devices in the main explosive holes, controlling accurate delay through digital electronic detonators, detonating row by row and hole by hole, and cleaning the main explosive area explosive piles.
2. The complex environment hole-by-hole detonation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hole pitch of the pre-cracked holes is 6 ~ 13 times of the diameter of the pre-cracked holes, and the delay time of the digital electronic detonators of the pre-cracked holes is 6 ~ 27 ms.
3. The complex environment foundation pit excavation hole-by-hole initiation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: smooth blasting's uncoupled charge device includes cartridge buckle (2), explosive cartridge (3), detonator (4), digital electronic detonator (1), explosive cartridge (3) are fixed to be set up on cartridge buckle (2), digital electronic detonator (1) sets up the bottom in cartridge (3), the stemming (5) are established to presplit blasting drill way packing, detonator (4) are connected in digital electronic detonator (1), detonator (4) pass stemming (5) and through the external electronic detonator of wire.
4. The complex environment hole-by-hole initiation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the cartridge buckle (2) comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, wherein the inner ring is a TPU plastic inner ring, and the outer ring is a semicircular polycarbonate bulletproof glue.
5. The complex environment hole-by-hole initiation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the main blasting holes are staggered vertical holes.
6. The complex environment hole-by-hole initiation method according to claim 1, wherein the hole pitch of each row of main blastholes is 6 ~ 13 times of the hole diameter of the main blastholes, the row pitch of the main blastholes of the adjacent rows is 0.8 ~ 0.9.9 times of the hole pitch of the main blastholes, the inter-hole delay time of the digital electronic detonators of the main blastholes is 40 ~ 70ms, and the inter-row delay time of the digital electronic detonators of the main blastholes is 50 ~ 225 ms.
7. The complex environment hole-by-hole initiation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the complex environment is that a residential concentration area, a large-scale farm or important building facilities are arranged in the edge 100m of the blasting area.
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| CN201910908712.6A CN110657722A (en) | 2019-09-25 | 2019-09-25 | Hole-by-hole initiation method for complex environment foundation pit excavation |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111536843A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-08-14 | 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司 | Delay time design and blasting method for industrial electronic detonator priming circuit |
| CN111854549A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-30 | 四川港航建设工程有限公司 | Large rock foundation pit blasting excavation system and construction method |
| CN112097577A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-12-18 | 福建省新华都工程有限责任公司 | Slope control blasting method near end |
| CN112696998A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-23 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Controlled blasting forming method for foundation pit of open-pit mine crushing station |
| CN114812309A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-07-29 | 淄博圣世达***工程有限公司 | Pre-splitting blasting engineering method for digital electronic detonator |
| CN116182656A (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-05-30 | 中交一公局集团有限公司 | Vibration-damping hole-by-hole blasting method applied to mountain blasting |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112097577A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-12-18 | 福建省新华都工程有限责任公司 | Slope control blasting method near end |
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| CN111536843A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-08-14 | 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司 | Delay time design and blasting method for industrial electronic detonator priming circuit |
| CN111536843B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2022-08-26 | 中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司 | Delay time design and blasting method for industrial electronic detonator priming circuit |
| CN111854549A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-30 | 四川港航建设工程有限公司 | Large rock foundation pit blasting excavation system and construction method |
| CN111854549B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2023-04-28 | 四川港航建设工程有限公司 | Blasting excavation system for large-scale rock foundation pit and construction method |
| CN112696998A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-23 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Controlled blasting forming method for foundation pit of open-pit mine crushing station |
| CN114812309A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-07-29 | 淄博圣世达***工程有限公司 | Pre-splitting blasting engineering method for digital electronic detonator |
| CN116182656A (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-05-30 | 中交一公局集团有限公司 | Vibration-damping hole-by-hole blasting method applied to mountain blasting |
| CN116182656B (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2024-05-24 | 中交一公局集团有限公司 | Vibration-damping hole-by-hole blasting method applied to mountain blasting |
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