CN114754644B - Cut blasting method for optimizing number of blast holes in rock roadway tunneling - Google Patents
Cut blasting method for optimizing number of blast holes in rock roadway tunneling Download PDFInfo
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- CN114754644B CN114754644B CN202210617065.5A CN202210617065A CN114754644B CN 114754644 B CN114754644 B CN 114754644B CN 202210617065 A CN202210617065 A CN 202210617065A CN 114754644 B CN114754644 B CN 114754644B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cut blasting method for optimizing the number of blast holes in rock roadway tunneling, which relates to the technical field of drilling blasting and comprises the following steps: firstly, arranging cut holes, namely dividing a driving section into an upper cut area and a lower cut area, arranging a plurality of symmetrical upper cut holes in the upper cut area, arranging three auxiliary cut holes in an equilateral triangle structure and three lower cut holes in an equilateral triangle structure in the lower cut area, concentrically arranging a virtual circle where the auxiliary cut holes are located and a virtual circle where the lower cut holes are located, and arranging a hollow hole in the position of the center of a circle; blasting, namely firstly detonating the lower cut hole, secondly detonating the auxiliary cut hole and then detonating the upper cut hole; and finally, sequentially detonating the auxiliary holes, the peripheral holes and the bottom holes of the winding. According to the invention, two cut blasting areas are designed on one tunneling section, and the advantages of the electronic digital detonator are utilized, so that the integral punching quantity can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling blasting, in particular to a cut blasting method for optimizing the number of blast holes in rock roadway tunneling.
Background
The drilling blasting method is one of the main construction methods for rock roadway tunneling, and currently accounts for over 95 percent of rock roadway construction due to the advantages of simple operation and strong applicability. In practical engineering application, however, drilling and blasting tunneling can only maintain a low level of 70 m/month compared with other tunneling methods. The low roadway driving speed becomes a bottleneck limiting the efficient mining of mine resources. Therefore, the realization of the efficient tunneling of the rock roadway blasting is of great significance for relieving the tension contradiction of excavation, shortening the mine construction period and improving the economic benefit.
The drilling takes up a lot of time during the whole single cycle of the drilling and blasting method. In the domestic drilling and blasting method, manual hand-held air hammers are adopted for punching, so that the efficiency is low, and the rock roadway tunneling speed is greatly reduced. Except that the problem of low tunneling efficiency can be solved to a certain extent by using the drilling and anchoring integrated machine for drilling, under the condition of ensuring the tunneling effect, a more essential method is provided if the number of drilled holes can be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cut blasting method for optimizing the number of blast holes in rock roadway tunneling, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a cut blasting method for optimizing the number of blast holes in rock roadway tunneling, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, arranging cut holes, namely dividing a driving section into an upper cut area and a lower cut area, arranging a plurality of symmetrical upper cut holes in the upper cut area, arranging three auxiliary cut holes in an equilateral triangle structure and three lower cut holes in an equilateral triangle structure in the lower cut area, concentrically arranging a virtual circle where the auxiliary cut holes are located and a virtual circle where the lower cut holes are located, and arranging a hollow hole in the position of the center of a circle;
blasting, namely firstly detonating the lower cut hole, secondly detonating the auxiliary cut hole and then detonating the upper cut hole; and finally, sequentially detonating the auxiliary holes, the peripheral holes and the bottom holes of the winding.
Optionally, the three lower cut holes are respectively located at the middle points of three sides of an equilateral triangle formed by connecting the three auxiliary cut holes.
Optionally, the upper cut hole, the lower cut hole, the auxiliary cut hole and the hollow hole are drilled by straight holes.
Optionally, the upper cut hole is sequentially provided with a first stemming blocking area, an upper subsection charging area, a second stemming blocking area and a lower subsection charging area from the hole opening to the hole bottom; the internal arrangement form of the lower cut hole and the auxiliary cut hole is the same as that of the upper cut hole, the upper sectional charging area and the lower sectional charging area adopt novel digital electronic detonators, and the lower sectional charging area can be selected from 1000 sections in 0-999 ms theoretically.
Optionally, the second step includes firstly detonating an upper sectional charging area of the lower cut hole, and secondly detonating a lower sectional charging area of the lower cut hole; then, detonating the auxiliary cut hole to complete the total detonating of the cut hole area below the section side part; then, detonating an upper sectional explosive loading area of the upper cut hole, and then detonating a lower sectional explosive loading area of the upper cut hole to complete the detonation of all cut areas; and finally, sequentially detonating the auxiliary holes, the peripheral holes and the bottom holes of the winding.
Optionally, a central hole is added in the middle of the upper cut holes, and the initiation time of the central hole is after the initiation of the upper cut holes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention utilizes the digital electronic detonator, increases the blasting section, and designs two cut blasting areas on one tunneling section. The delay time is refined by utilizing the advantages of multiple sections of the detonator, and the rock is sequentially and gradually dug out one by one, so that the channeling blasting efficiency can be obviously improved. And the inner-hole segmentation technology is adopted in the blast hole. The front section of explosive close to the orifice is exploded first, and a small groove cavity formed after explosion provides a free surface for the rear section of explosive close to the bottom of the hole. In addition, the front-end explosive which is detonated first can form a plurality of cracks around, and favorable conditions are further created for the initiation of other blast holes. All blast holes are straight holes, and compared with inclined holes, the blast hole blasting method is more suitable for medium-length hole blasting, and the medium-length hole blasting is more in accordance with the concept of improving the tunneling efficiency. In general, the target type cut is an innovative product on the basis of various blasting technologies and means such as straight-hole triangular compound cut, digital electronic detonators, medium-length hole internal segmentation and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the arrangement of cut holes of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the explosive loading structure in the blast hole according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of a shot hole arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a borehole arrangement in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a hole arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1 is an upper cut hole, 2 is an auxiliary cut hole, 3 is a lower cut hole, 4 is a hollow hole, 5 is a first stemming blocking area, 6 is an upper subsection charging area, 7 is a second stemming blocking area, and 8 is a lower subsection charging area.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a cut blasting method for optimizing the number of blast holes in rock roadway tunneling, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention provides a cut blasting method for optimizing the number of blast holes in rock roadway tunneling, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the cut holes are arranged, the tunneling section is divided into an upper cut area above the upper part and a lower cut area below the upper part, a plurality of symmetrical upper cut holes 1 are arranged in the upper cut area, the upper cut holes 1 are drilled by adopting straight holes, and meanwhile, the hole segmentation technology is used in the holes. In the actual engineering case, the number of the partial cut holes can be adjusted according to the roadway condition, three auxiliary cut holes 2 which are arranged in an equilateral triangle structure and three lower cut holes 3 which are arranged in an equilateral triangle structure are arranged in a lower cut area, the lower cut holes 3 use an in-hole segmentation technology, a virtual circle where the auxiliary cut holes 2 are located and a virtual circle where the lower cut holes 3 are located are concentrically arranged, a hollow hole 4 is arranged at the position of the center of a circle, the hollow hole 4 does not need to be filled with powder, and the hollow hole is used for creating a free surface and serving as an expansion space of broken rocks for other powder filling holes. In actual engineering, the diameter of the hole can be larger than or equal to that of the medicine filling hole, and the number of the empty holes 4 can be changed according to actual conditions;
specifically, the three lower cut holes 3 are respectively positioned on the middle points of three sides of an equilateral triangle formed by connecting the three auxiliary cut holes 2. The upper cut hole 1, the lower cut hole 3, the auxiliary cut hole 2 and the hollow hole 4 are drilled by adopting straight holes. The upper cut hole 1 is sequentially provided with a first stemming blocking area 5, an upper subsection charging area 6, a second stemming blocking area 7 and a lower subsection charging area 8 from the hole opening to the hole bottom; the internal arrangement forms of the lower cut hole 3, the auxiliary cut hole 2 and other blast holes for filling the blast pipe are the same as that of the upper cut hole 1, and a novel digital electronic detonator is adopted in both the upper subsection charging area 6 and the lower subsection charging area 8;
blasting, namely firstly detonating an upper sectional charging area 6 of the lower cut hole 3, and secondly detonating a lower sectional charging area 8 of the lower cut hole 3; then, the auxiliary cut hole 2 is detonated to complete the complete detonation of the cut hole area below the section side part; then, detonating an upper sectional explosive loading area 6 of the upper cut hole 1, and then detonating a lower sectional explosive loading area 8 of the upper cut hole 1 to complete the detonation of all cut areas, wherein in the actual engineering, the section and the auxiliary cut hole 2 can be detonated simultaneously; and finally, sequentially detonating the auxiliary holes, the peripheral holes and the bottom holes of the winding. In practical engineering, a central hole can be added in a plurality of upper cut hole areas above the upper part, and the initiation time of the central hole is after the initiation of the upper cut hole.
Example one
In the traditional common wedge-shaped cut blasting, cut holes are only arranged in the area below the upper part, free surfaces are formed for other blast holes after a slot cavity is formed, and meanwhile, the number of the blast holes is generally not less than 5 times of the area of the cross section. The reason for this arrangement is that the allowable ordinary electric detonators for coal mines can only be designed with 5 blasting sections. The novel digital electronic detonator is not limited by the above, and theoretically, 0 ms-999 ms can be selected from 1000 segment positions. Therefore, in the actual rock drift tunneling, the advantage of the digital electronic detonator can be fully exerted, and the blasting section is spread as far as possible. The short interval time enables the energy fields generated in the process of blast hole blasting to be mutually influenced, the energy utilization rate of the explosive is improved, and therefore fewer explosives and blast holes can be used. Meanwhile, the blasting earthquake effect can be reduced, and the damage of shock waves and flying stones is avoided. The novel target type cut blasting technology in the embodiment utilizes the advantage of a digital electronic detonator, increases blasting sections, and designs two cut blasting areas on one tunneling section.
In this embodiment, the size of the cross section of a certain coal mine rock roadway is 5600 (width) × 4400 (height) mm, and the area of the cross section is 21.27m 2 . The daily tunneling scheme of the coal mine is common wedge-shaped cut, millisecond delay electric detonators are adopted, 5 blasting sections are adopted, the depth of cut holes is 2.0m, the depths of other holes are 1.8m, the number of actually constructed blast holes is about 110, the blast hole density coefficient is about 5, as shown in figures 3, 4 and 5, the marks in the figures are respectively size marks between the blast holes and in the blast holes, the units are mm, wherein the marks from 1 to 66 are marks of the blast holes at the section, the sizes and the marks in the figures 3, 4 and 5 correspond to those in table 1, and the explosive parameters in each blast hole are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 TARGET TYPE CUTTING CHARGE PARAMETERS TABLE
In the embodiment, the roadway tunneling scheme is comprehensively optimized through target type cut, the depth of cut holes is 2.8m, the depth of other holes is 2.4m, the number of optimized blast holes is reduced to 67, and the blast hole density coefficient is 3. In practical engineering application, the punching time can be greatly reduced, and the integral tunneling efficiency is improved.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A cut blasting method for optimizing the number of blast holes in rock roadway tunneling is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, arranging cut holes, namely dividing a driving section into an upper cut area and a lower cut area, arranging a plurality of symmetrical upper cut holes in the upper cut area, arranging three auxiliary cut holes in an equilateral triangle structure and three lower cut holes in an equilateral triangle structure in the lower cut area, concentrically arranging a virtual circle where the auxiliary cut holes are located and a virtual circle where the lower cut holes are located, and arranging a hollow hole in the position of the center of a circle; the three lower cut holes are respectively positioned on the middle points of three sides of an equilateral triangle formed by connecting the three auxiliary cut holes;
blasting, namely firstly detonating the lower cut hole, firstly detonating an upper sectional charging area of the lower cut hole, and secondly detonating a lower sectional charging area of the lower cut hole; secondly, detonating the auxiliary cut hole to complete the total detonating of the cut area below the section side part; then, detonating the upper cut hole, namely, firstly detonating an upper sectional charging area of the upper cut hole, and then detonating a lower sectional charging area of the upper cut hole to finish the detonation of all cut areas; a central hole is added in the middle of the upper cut holes, and the initiation time of the central hole is after the initiation of the upper cut holes; finally, sequentially detonating the auxiliary holes, the peripheral holes and the bottom holes of the winding;
the upper cut hole, the lower cut hole, the auxiliary cut hole and the hollow hole are drilled by adopting straight holes; the upper cut hole is sequentially provided with a first stemming blocking area, an upper subsection charging area, a second stemming blocking area and a lower subsection charging area from the hole opening to the hole bottom; the internal arrangement form of the lower cut hole and the auxiliary cut hole is the same as that of the upper cut hole.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US3902422A (en) * | 1973-07-26 | 1975-09-02 | Du Pont | Explosive fracturing of deep rock |
| CN102305072A (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2012-01-04 | 金诚信矿业管理股份有限公司 | Inverted triangle cutting process for rapid excavation of well lane |
| CN112257009B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2023-07-11 | 北京科技大学 | Method for determining depth of cut hole of rock roadway blasting tunneling |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 平巷与立井直眼掏槽***的差异分析;傅菊根;《东北煤炭技术》;19980831(第04期);第35-38页 * |
| 高速公路隧道光面***技术;彭泽权;《山西建筑》;20091220;第35卷(第36期);第321-322页 * |
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