CN111059970B - Multistage ultra-deep hole ballast-throwing vibration-control self-stabilizing blasting method for upper step of hard rock in tunnel - Google Patents
Multistage ultra-deep hole ballast-throwing vibration-control self-stabilizing blasting method for upper step of hard rock in tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000029152 Small face Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multistage ultra-deep hole ballast-throwing vibration-control self-stabilizing blasting method for an upper step of hard rock in a tunnel, which relates to the technical field of upper step ultra-deep hole blasting of high-speed rail tunnels and comprises the following steps: 1) changing three-step drilling explosion into two-step drilling explosion, wherein the steps are divided into an upper step and a lower step; 2) selecting explosives, detonators and a detonating network as required; 3) drilling on the upper step; 4) arranging blast holes; 5) and charging in the blast hole. The invention improves the blasting footage and accelerates the construction speed; and when the ultra-deep hole undercutting blasting is carried out, the blasting vibration reduction is realized, the self-stabilization time of the surrounding rock is prolonged, the smooth blasting effect is improved, and the over-excavation and under-excavation are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of upper step ultra-deep hole blasting of a high-speed rail tunnel, in particular to a multistage ultra-deep hole ballast throwing vibration control self-stabilizing blasting method for an upper step of hard rock in a tunnel.
Background
The full length 4428m of a double-track tunnel of a certain high-speed railway is organized and constructed in an entrance work area and an exit work area, wherein the exit work area bears 2305m of a main hole. The current surrounding rock grade is IV grade, and construction reveals that the surrounding rock is grey sandy shale, joint cracks relatively develop, the rock is medium hard, and the integrity and the self-stability are good.
The prior art adopts the synchronous brill of three steps to explode the method construction, goes up the step undercutting, the good or bad decision that the light explodes, is the key of deciding tunnel circulation excavation advance chi and surpass the owe and dig the effect, goes up the step blasting scheme:
explosive 10: using No. 2 rock emulsion explosive with diameter of 32mm multiplied by 250 mm; a detonator 1: adopting a non-electric millisecond detonator; a detonation network: the detonating tubes are connected in series and in parallel, and the differential detonation is adopted.
Drilling: an excavation rack and a pneumatic rock drill are adopted, the length of a drill rod is 5.0m, the diameter of a drill bit is 38mm, and the diameter of a drill hole is 40 mm.
③ arranging the blast holes: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the cut adopts a wedge-shaped cut, the number of cut holes is 8, and the depth is 4.6-4.84 m; the depth of each slot expanding hole is 25, and the depth is 4.0m, 4.3m and 4.53 m; auxiliary eyes of 34 eyes with depth of 4.0 m; 45 peripheral eyes with the depth of 4.0m and 50cm of resistance line; the bottom plate holes are 9 and the depth is 4.0 m; the total number of blast holes is 121, and the total loading capacity is 190.6 kg; the cyclic footage blasting parameter table of the existing scheme is as follows:
fourthly, a medicine charging structure: as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the undercutting hole, the reaming hole, the auxiliary hole and the bottom plate hole adopt a continuous charging structure; the peripheral holes are connected by adopting uncoupled interval explosive-loading rolls 2 and detonating cords 6; the orifice is plugged by stemming 5.
Blasting footage: 3.5m, the local over-excavation and under-excavation conditions exist, and blasting is needed to be supplemented sometimes to influence the construction progress.
The prior art has the following defects:
the method is limited by small face, the blasting efficiency is low, the operation of cutting and arranging the holes is inconvenient, and the drilling depth is difficult to break through 3.5 m.
And secondly, construction by a three-step method needs three drilling and blasting operations, the disturbance times of the surrounding rock are more, the times of primary arch erection are more, and the self-stability of the surrounding rock is not facilitated.
And thirdly, the construction process is circulated more, the efficiency is low, the monthly progress is difficult to break through 90m, the contract construction period cannot be realized, and the project management cost is increased.
Therefore, a novel multistage ultra-deep hole ballast-throwing vibration-control self-stabilizing blasting method for hard rock upper steps in a tunnel is needed to solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multistage ultra-deep hole ballast-throwing vibration-control self-stabilizing blasting method for a hard rock upper step in a tunnel, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, improve the blasting footage and accelerate the construction speed; and when the ultra-deep hole undercutting blasting is carried out, the blasting vibration reduction is realized, the self-stabilization time of the surrounding rock is prolonged, the smooth blasting effect is improved, and the over-excavation and under-excavation are reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a multistage ultra-deep hole ballast-throwing vibration-control self-stabilizing blasting method for a hard rock upper step in a tunnel, which comprises the following steps of:
1) changing three-step drilling explosion into two-step drilling explosion, wherein the steps are divided into an upper step and a lower step;
2) selecting explosives, detonators and a detonating network as required;
3) drilling on the upper step;
4) arranging blast holes;
5) and charging in the blast hole.
Preferably, in the step 1), the upper step is 8.0m high, the blank surface is increased, and the lower step is 3.0m high and is not provided with an inverted arch for excavation.
Preferably, the explosive in the step 2) is a No. 2 rock emulsion explosive with the diameter of 32mm multiplied by 250 mm; the detonator adopts a non-electric millisecond detonator; the initiation network adopts the serial and parallel connection of the detonating tubes, and the differential initiation is carried out.
Preferably, in the step 3), an excavation rack and a pneumatic rock drill are adopted for drilling, the drill rod of the pneumatic rock drill is 5.0m or 6.0m long, the diameter of the drill bit is 38mm, and the diameter of the drill hole is 40 mm.
Preferably, the blasthole cut in the step 4) adopts a compound wedge-shaped cut, and the blasthole comprises a cut hole, an inner ring hole, an auxiliary hole, a peripheral hole and a bottom plate hole.
Preferably, the number of the cutting holes is 38, and the depth is 5.0 m; the inner ring holes are 54 with the depth of 4.0 m; the auxiliary eyes are arranged at 72 positions and are 4.0m deep; 61 eyes are arranged on the periphery, the depth is 4.0m, and the resistance line is 45 cm; 16 bottom plate holes are arranged, and the depth is 4.0 m; the total number of the blast holes is 241, and the total loading is 206.3 kg.
Preferably, the cut holes are filled with powder at intervals, stemming with the diameter of 0.5m is plugged in the middle, and stemming with the diameter of 1.0m is plugged in the hole opening; the peripheral holes are filled with explosive cartridges at intervals, stemming with the diameter of 0.5m is plugged in the middle, stemming with the diameter of 0.9m is plugged in the hole openings, or the peripheral holes are filled with air columns at intervals, stemming with the diameter of 0.6m is plugged in the hole openings; and (5) blocking 1.0m of stemming by the auxiliary hole, the inner ring hole and the bottom plate hole.
Preferably, explosives are bound in the cut holes and the peripheral holes at intervals through bamboo chips.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
firstly, large-section ultra-deep hole cutting and slag throwing blasting is realized on IV-grade surrounding rock of the tunnel, the circulating blasting footage is increased from 3.5m to 4.0m under the condition that the drilling depth and the loading amount are basically unchanged, and the construction speed is increased from 80-95 m/month to 100-125 m/month.
And secondly, vibration control and reduction blasting is realized, the loose circle of surrounding rock blasting is reduced, the smooth blasting quality and the surrounding rock self-stabilization time are improved, the block falling and collapse are controlled, and the construction safety risk is reduced.
The blasting efficiency is improved to more than 95% from the original 70%, the concrete injection amount is reduced by (10-14)%, the slag discharge amount is reduced by 6%, and 2.84Kg of explosive is less for each meter of tunnel, so that the time is saved, and the cost is greatly reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a first schematic view of a double-track tunnel cut blasting of a high-speed railway in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic view of a prior art double-track tunnel cut blasting of a high-speed railway;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a prior art perimeter-hole spaced-charge configuration;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a prior art continuous charge configuration for a blasthole;
FIG. 5 is a first schematic view of the arrangement of blastholes in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a second schematic view of the arrangement of blastholes in the present invention
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a slotted hole spaced charge of the present invention;
figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a perimeter-hole spaced-charge configuration in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a perimeter-hole air-column space charge configuration of the present invention;
in the figure, 1 is a detonator, 2 is a cartridge, 3 is a bamboo chip, 4 is a detonating cord, 5 is stemming, 6 is a detonating tube, 7 is a peripheral hole, 8 is an auxiliary hole, 9 is a bottom plate hole, 10 is explosive, and 11 is an air column.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example one
As shown in fig. 5 to 9, the present embodiment provides a multistage ultra-deep hole ballast-throwing vibration-control self-stabilizing blasting method for a hard rock upper step in a tunnel, including the following steps:
firstly, changing a three-step drilling and blasting method into a two-step drilling and blasting method, wherein the height of an upper step is 8.0m, the height of a lower step is 3.0m, and the lower step is not provided with an inverted arch for excavation; as shown in fig. 5, the distance between the adjacent empty surface, namely the first ring of cutting position, and the center of the tunnel is 200-250 cm, and the distance between the lowest eye and the bottom of the upper step is 50 cm; the blasting device has the effects that in the blasting process, the resistance of the rock separated from the whole rock is reduced from inside to outside, and the blasting effect is ensured.
② design of drilling and blasting for upper step
Explosive 10: a No. 2 rock emulsion explosive 10 with a diameter of 32mm multiplied by 250mm is adopted; a detonator 1: adopting a non-electric millisecond detonator 1; a detonation network: adopting detonating tubes 6 to connect in series and in parallel, and detonating by a differential method; specifically, after the detonating cord is led out from the blast hole, the detonating cord is completely connected in parallel and bunched in 1 electric detonator which is about 5 meters away from the tunnel face, and then led out to the outside of the safety range of about 150-200 meters away from the tunnel face through an electric wire, personnel, equipment and tools are evacuated, a warning line is placed, and after safety inspection is carried out, the power supply is started to blow out.
Drilling: the method is characterized in that an excavation rack and a pneumatic rock drill are adopted, the pneumatic rock drill is arranged on the excavation rack, the length of a drill rod can be 5.0m or 6.0m, the diameter of a drill bit is 38mm, and the diameter of a drill hole is 40 mm.
Arranging blast holes: as shown in fig. 5 and 6 and the following table, the undercutting is a compound wedge-shaped undercut with 38 undercutting holes and a depth of 5.0 m; the inner ring holes are 54 and have the depth of 4.0 m; the auxiliary eyes 8 are arranged at 72 positions and are 4.0m deep; 61 peripheral eyes 7 are arranged, the depth is 4.0m, and the resistance line is 45 cm; the bottom plate holes 9 are 16 and are 4.0m deep. The total number of the blast holes is 241, and the total loading is 206.3 kg.
The neutralization cycle footage blasting parameter table in this example is as follows:
charging: in this example, the slotted holes are filled with a space charge, with a central plug of 0.5m of stemming 5 and an orifice plug of 1.0m of stemming 5, as shown in figures 7, 8 and 9 (in centimeters). The peripheral holes 7 are filled with the small cartridges 2 at intervals, the middle plugs are made of stemming 5 with the diameter of 0.5m, and the openings are plugged with the stemming 5 with the diameter of 0.9m, or the air columns 11 are filled with the spaced charges, and the openings are plugged with the stemming 5 with the diameter of 0.6 m. The auxiliary hole 8, the inner ring hole and the bottom plate hole 9 adopt a mode of blocking the stemming 5 with the diameter of 1.0 m.
In the embodiment of the cut hole, the bamboo chips 3 are bound with explosives 10 at intervals (the explosives 1040cm are intensively loaded at the bottom of the hole), the stemming 5 is filled at intervals of 0.5m + the hole opening is blocked by 0.9-1.0m + the detonating cord 4, and the reverse initiation technology is adopted, so that the explosive stress acts uniformly and durably in the blast hole, the slag is thrown outwards, and the cut effect is ensured; the large-section ultra-deep hole blasting is realized on the IV-grade surrounding rock of the railway tunnel.
When the rock is hard, the peripheral holes 7 are loaded with short sections of cartridges 2 (the cartridges 2 are filled with explosives 5) at intervals, the middle of each cartridge is plugged with 0.5m of stemming 5 at intervals, and the hole openings are plugged with 0.9m of stemming 5; when the rock is soft, air columns 11 are used for filling at intervals, the hole openings are plugged by stemming 5 with the diameter of 0.6m, explosives 10 (the explosives are intensively filled at the bottom of the hole and are 1030cm) are bound at intervals through bamboo chips 3, and the explosive fuse 4 is used for a reverse initiation technology, so that the tangential stretching action of the explosive stress is fully exerted and is dispersedly exerted in the full-length range of the peripheral holes 7, the over-excavation caused by local concentrated stress is avoided, the light explosion effect is ensured, the vibration of the surrounding rock mass caused by explosion is reduced, and the self-stability time of the surrounding rock is prolonged by 4-6 hours compared with the original time.
The auxiliary hole 8, the inner ring hole and the bottom plate hole 9 are plugged with the stemming 5 with the diameter of 1.0m by adopting the hole openings, so that the acting time of the explosion stress in the blast hole is prolonged, the energy utilization rate of the explosion of the explosive 10 is improved, and the level and the effective footage of the tunnel face are ensured.
In the embodiment, the section from 1 section to 15 sections is used, each row or circle of eyes can fully explode from inside to outside, and meanwhile, the disturbance of explosion stress waves to surrounding rocks in following and overlapping modes is reduced; as shown in fig. 5 and 6 and the blasting parameter table, the numbers of the detonator sections are increased from inside to outside in sequence, 15 sections are used for the peripheral holes and the bottom holes, 4 rows of the slotted holes are inclined from inside to outside, and 3 rows of the inner ring holes are vertical.
In this embodiment, the table of the multistage ultra-deep hole self-stabilizing blasting achievement of the upper step of the hard rock in the high-speed rail double-track tunnel is as follows:
the principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A multistage ultra-deep hole ballast-throwing vibration-control self-stabilizing blasting method for an upper step of hard rock in a tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
1) changing three-step drilling explosion into two-step drilling explosion, wherein the steps are divided into an upper step and a lower step;
in the step 1), the upper step is 8.0m high, the free surface is added, and the lower step is 3.0m high and is not provided with inverted arch excavation;
2) selecting explosives, detonators and a detonating network as required;
3) drilling on the upper step;
4) arranging blast holes;
in the step 4), compound wedge-shaped undermining is adopted for undermining, and the undermining comprises undermining holes, inner ring holes, auxiliary holes, peripheral holes and bottom plate holes; the explosive is bound at intervals through bamboo chips in the cut holes, stemming with the interval of 0.5m is blocked in the middle, stemming with the interval of 0.9-1.0m is blocked in the hole openings, and the detonating fuse of the explosive in the cut holes adopts a reverse detonating technology;
when the rock is hard, the peripheral holes are filled with short sections of cartridges at intervals, stemming with the thickness of 0.5m is plugged at the middle interval, and stemming with the thickness of 0.9m is plugged at the hole opening; when the rock is soft, the surrounding holes are charged at intervals by adopting air columns, and the hole openings are plugged by 0.6m of stemming; explosives are bound in the peripheral holes at intervals through bamboo chips, the explosive is intensively loaded at the bottom of the peripheral holes by 30cm, and a reverse initiation technology is adopted for an explosive fuse;
5) and charging in the blast hole.
2. The multistage ultra-deep hole ballast-throwing vibration-control self-stabilizing blasting method for the upper step of the hard rock in the tunnel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the explosive in the step 2) is a No. 2 rock emulsion explosive with the diameter of 32mm multiplied by 250 mm; the detonator adopts a non-electric millisecond detonator; the initiation network adopts the serial and parallel connection of the detonating tubes, and the differential initiation is carried out.
3. The multistage ultra-deep hole ballast-throwing vibration-control self-stabilizing blasting method for the upper step of the hard rock in the tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: and 3) drilling by adopting an excavation rack and a pneumatic rock drill, wherein the drill rod of the pneumatic rock drill is 5.0m or 6.0m long, the diameter of the drill bit is 38mm, and the diameter of the drilled hole is 40 mm.
4. The multistage ultra-deep hole ballast-throwing vibration-control self-stabilizing blasting method for the upper step of the hard rock in the tunnel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: 38 cutting holes are arranged, and the depth is 5.0 m; the inner ring holes are 54 with the depth of 4.0 m; the auxiliary eyes are arranged at 72 positions and are 4.0m deep; 61 eyes are arranged on the periphery, the depth is 4.0m, and the resistance line is 45 cm; 16 bottom plate holes are arranged, and the depth is 4.0 m; the total number of the blast holes is 241, and the total loading is 206.3 kg.
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| CN112161532A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-01 | 中铁二十局集团有限公司 | Tunnel smooth blasting method based on axial length uncoupled spaced charging |
| CN114018113A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-08 | 中铁三局集团有限公司 | Small-section tunnel blasting hole distribution structure and construction method thereof |
| CN114427813A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-05-03 | 中南大学 | Hard rock tunnel presplitting smooth surface combined blasting structure and method for reducing blasting vibration |
| CN114791246A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-07-26 | 中铁十六局集团路桥工程有限公司 | Blasting construction method for existing small-clear-distance close-connection tunnel |
| CN114705093B (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2023-08-25 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Tunnel drilling layout method for fine blasting control |
| CN115307499B (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2023-08-25 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Structure and method for excavating tunnel by detonating explosive with digital electronic detonator and detonating cord |
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