CN110656495A - 一种涤纶长丝环保上浆剂及上浆工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及纺织领域，具体而言，涉及一种涤纶长丝环保上浆剂、制备方法及上浆工艺。涤纶长丝环保上浆剂，包括主料和助剂，主料包括玉米淀粉、蛋白粉、沸石粉和水。助剂包括二乙醇胺、乙二醇、丙烯酸丁酯、一氯丙酸、氢氧化钠、氨基磺酸钠、阳离子表面活性剂。配置主料后，投入助剂，上浆剂加到上浆机中，投放产品上浆。本申请涉及本申请的目的是：获得一种更环保，价格更低，性价比更高的上浆剂，取代后期处理耗能较大的以PVA为主要的上浆剂，整个上浆液制备及上浆工艺，节能节水，并且在上浆过程中，给成品新赋了抗菌、亲肤的性能，丰富了企业的产业线，增强市场的竞争力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织领域，具体而言，涉及一种涤纶长丝环保上浆剂、制备方法及上浆工艺。
背景技术
加工涤纶长丝织物时，如果经丝使用的是低捻丝、无捻丝或者网络丝，织前必须浆丝，使丝条表面覆一层光滑、柔韧而牢固的浆膜，使其毛羽量减少，耐磨性和抱合力提高，使之能够承受织造过程中各种摩擦力和张力，从而起到防止或减少经纱在织造过程中断头的效果，使织造生产在优质高产的要求下顺利进行。目前纺织行业最主要的三大浆料是：PVA，变性淀粉以及丙烯酸类浆料。其中涤纶上浆时需要使用大量的PVA，全球市场每年有30万吨浆料，其中PVA浆料占30％。但是PVA浆料存在很多缺点。生物降解性能差，在厌氧活性污泥处理300天之后，仅有15-25％的PVA被降解。由于人们对环境保护的意识越来越强，对PVA的使用限制也增多，例如：国家环保总局在2001年发布《印染行业废水污染防治技术政策》的通知中指出：提倡采用易降解的浆料，限制或不用PVA等难降解的浆料。另外在欧洲国家，PVA浆料是禁止使用的，PVA上浆织物是被禁止出口到欧洲国家的。
目前纺织浆料的配方是，包括主浆料和辅助浆料。目前的主浆料考虑到上浆难度和上浆成本，用于涤纶纱线上浆的浆料主要还是PVA，或者在PVA浆液中加入部分其他粘着剂如CMC、变性淀粉等，但是加入的这些协同粘着剂依然存在很多问题，第一材料本身价格依然很高，和PVA的混合液存在不稳定性容易分层脱混，与纤维亲和性差，上浆效果不好。
采用常用浆料上浆的方法，浆槽温度必须在90度以上，为了避免因温度降低而造成粘度增大，从而影响上浆质量，产生浆皮、浆斑等严重的浆纱疵点。然而持续维持这样的高温同时，需要用到大量的水蒸气,不能做到节能生产。
由于浆纱机的浆槽需要持续供给蒸汽进行加热保温，这会将蒸汽中的冷凝水带入浆槽，降低浆液的含固量，造成浆纱的上浆量发生变化，从而导致上浆率不稳定的现象。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：提供一种环保涤纶长丝上浆剂，该上浆剂易于上、退浆，成本更低廉，使用更环保。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种环保纺织浆料的制备方法和上浆工艺，不仅可以保证浆液对涤纶纱线有了很好的渗透与包覆的效果，可以明显降低毛羽量，而且提高了浆纱的耐磨性。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种涤纶长丝环保上浆剂，浆料包括主料和助剂，各成分在环保上浆剂中的质量百分比为：主料80—90％、助剂10—20％。所述主料包括玉米淀粉、蛋白粉、沸石粉和水。
作为优选，主料各成分质量百分比为，玉米淀粉20-70%、蛋白粉5-30%、沸石粉1-5%和水10-50%。
作为优选，助剂组分按质量比包括二乙醇胺0—70％、乙二醇0—70％、丙烯酸丁酯10—30％、一氯丙酸5-30%、氢氧化钠5—15％、氨基磺酸钠5-15%、阳离子表面活性剂4—10％。
一种涤纶长丝环保上浆剂的上浆工艺，包括如下步骤：
(1)制备主料：均分淀粉，第一份淀粉与沸水混合搅拌糊化，糊化温度90-100℃。第二份淀粉、沸石粉和冷水混合合并至第一份淀粉糊化液，维持温度60-70℃，搅拌糊化，投入蛋白粉，得到分散均匀的主料浆；所述第一次和第二次糊化时间为30-120min；
(2)将主料浆和助剂按照各自在纺织浆料中的质量百分比混合，主料80—90％，助剂10—20％，主料和助剂混合均匀后得到纺织浆料。
（3）将纺织浆液注入浆纱机槽内，对涤纶长丝进行上浆。
作为优选，步骤(2)中的主料与助剂混合的温度为60—80℃，混合时间为20—60min。
作为优选，所述上浆机浆槽温度为40—60℃，上浆车速为30—60m/min。
本发明所使用的助剂可以很好的与主料混合均匀，工艺简单，就可以制备出浆料，并且制备出的浆料具有良好渗透性，确保涤纶长丝上浆后增强效果良好，毛羽降低效果显著。其中氧化沸石能够增强淀粉吸附水分的性能，均匀快速的融到冷水体系中，从而也加速了第二次糊化的时间，减少耗能，另外增加了整个上浆剂的粘附性能。另外沸石增加了在水***中与大豆蛋白浆膜形成一定的网状结构可以协同增塑剂乙二醇和二乙醇胺使得大豆浆膜克服易断变得延伸增加。上浆后沸石作为填充剂保留了下来，填充在涤纶里面，增加了整体的重量，使得涤纶更为变得柔软，织成的布料亲肤、抗菌。
另外，步骤(2)中的主料与助剂混合的温度为60—80℃，混合时间为20—
60min。从制备主料到主料与助剂混合得到最终的浆料，都无需一直保持高温，节能环保，方法简单，对于企业进行大规模生产是非常有利的。
一种涤纶长丝环保上浆剂的上浆方法，纺织浆料对涤纶纱线进行上浆，
由于此浆料粘度远远小于PVA浆料的粘度，在低温上浆时，不会产生浆皮、浆斑等很大浆纱疵点，所以不需要一直维持很高的温度，有利于节省蒸汽量，节省能源，且不会因为蒸汽里的冷凝水带入浆槽，降低浆液的含固量，从而造成浆纱的上浆率的不稳定。
综上所述，由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明所采用的原料均是环保型材料，不使用PVA等难降解物质，对环境污染小，减轻了本厂的环保压力。
2、本发明制备的上浆剂渗透性好，与涤纶纱线粘附性性能增强，对纱线的毛羽贴服效果明显，可以有效的提高上浆涤纶纱线的耐磨性，从而提高织造效率。
3、本发明制备的上浆剂赋予了涤纶长丝抗菌、滑爽亲肤性能，实现了成品的功能化，增加了市场竞争力。
4、本发明从制备上浆剂到整个上浆工艺流程简单，设备投入小，绿色生产，节能减排。
具体实施方式
本说明书中公开的所有特征，或公开的所有方法或过程中的步骤，除了互相排斥的特征和/或步骤以外，均可以以任何方式组合。
本说明书(包括任何附加权利要求、摘要)中公开的任一特征，除非特别叙述，均可被其他等效或具有类似目的的替代特征加以替换。即，除非特别叙述，每个特征只是一系列等效或类似特征中的一个例子而已。
实施例1
主料各成分质量百分比为，玉米淀粉53%、蛋白粉20%、沸石粉5%和水22%。
助剂组分按质量比包括二乙醇胺25％、乙二醇20％、丙烯酸丁酯15％、一氯丙酸15%、氢氧化钠15％、氨基磺酸钠5%、阳离子表面活性剂5％。
一种涤纶长丝环保上浆剂的上浆工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)制备主料：均分淀粉，第一份淀粉与沸水混合搅拌糊化，糊化温度90℃。第二份淀粉、沸石粉和冷水混合合并至第一份淀粉糊化液，维持温度60℃，搅拌糊化，投入蛋白粉，得到分散均匀的主料浆；所述第一次和第二次糊化时间为40min。
(2)将主料浆和助剂按照各自在纺织浆料中的质量百分比混合，主料80％，助剂20％，混合温度为60℃，混合时间为20min，主料和助剂混合均匀后得到纺织浆料。
（3）将纺织浆液注入浆纱机槽内，对涤纶长丝进行上浆。所述上浆机浆槽温度为60℃，上浆车速为35m/min。
实施例2
主料各成分质量百分比为，玉米淀粉50%、蛋白粉10%、沸石粉5%和水35%。
助剂组分按质量比包括二乙醇胺20％、乙二醇25％、丙烯酸丁酯15％、一氯丙酸15%、氢氧化钠15％、氨基磺酸钠5%、阳离子表面活性剂5％。
一种涤纶长丝环保上浆剂的上浆工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)制备主料：均分淀粉，第一份淀粉与沸水混合搅拌糊化，糊化温度100℃。第二份淀粉、沸石粉和冷水混合合并至第一份淀粉糊化液，维持温度70℃，搅拌糊化，投入蛋白粉，得到分散均匀的主料浆；所述第一次和第二次糊化时间为25min。
(2)将主料浆和助剂按照各自在纺织浆料中的质量百分比混合，主料90％，助剂15％，混合温度为80℃，混合时间为20min，主料和助剂混合均匀后得到纺织浆料。
（3）将纺织浆液注入浆纱机槽内，对涤纶长丝进行上浆。所述上浆机浆槽温度为60℃，上浆车速为35m/min。
综上所述，本领域的普通技术人员应该可以理解的是，本申请的目的是：获得一种更环保，价格更低，性价比更高的上浆剂，取代后期处理耗能较大的以PVA为主要的上浆剂，整个上浆液制备及上浆工艺，节能节水，并且在上浆过程中，给成品新赋了抗菌、亲肤的性能，丰富了企业的产业线，增强市场的竞争力。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示，通过上述的说明内容，相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内，进行多样的变更以及修改。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改，等同替换，改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容，必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种涤纶长丝环保上浆剂，其特征在于，浆料包括主料和助剂，各成分在环保上浆剂中的质量百分比为：主料80—90％、助剂10—20％，所述主料包括玉米淀粉、蛋白粉、沸石粉和水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种涤纶长丝环保上浆剂，其特征在于，所述主料各成分质量百分比为，玉米淀粉20-70%、蛋白粉5-30%、沸石粉1-5%和水10-50%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种涤纶长丝环保上浆剂，其特征在于，所述助剂按质量比包括二乙醇胺0—70％、乙二醇0—70％、丙烯酸丁酯10—30％、一氯丙酸5-30%、氢氧化钠5—15％、氨基磺酸钠5-15%、阳离子表面活性剂4—10％。
4.一种涤纶长丝环保上浆剂的上浆工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)制备主料：均分淀粉，第一份淀粉与沸水混合搅拌糊化，糊化温度90-100℃；
第二份淀粉、沸石粉和冷水混合合并至第一份淀粉糊化液，维持温度60-70℃，搅拌糊化，投入蛋白粉，得到分散均匀的主料浆；所述第一次和第二次糊化时间为30-120min；
(2)将主料浆和助剂按照各自在纺织浆料中的质量百分比混合，主料80—90％，助剂10—20％，主料和助剂混合均匀后得到纺织浆料；
（3）将纺织浆液注入浆纱机槽内，对涤纶长丝进行上浆。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种涤纶长丝环保上浆剂的上浆工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中的主料与助剂混合的温度为60—80℃，混合时间为20—60min。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的一种涤纶长丝环保上浆剂的上浆工艺，其特征在于，所述上浆机浆槽温度为40—60℃，上浆车速为30—60m/min。
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