CN110643991B - Metal material surface treatment method - Google Patents
Metal material surface treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110643991B CN110643991B CN201910915032.7A CN201910915032A CN110643991B CN 110643991 B CN110643991 B CN 110643991B CN 201910915032 A CN201910915032 A CN 201910915032A CN 110643991 B CN110643991 B CN 110643991B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
Abstract
The invention relates to a metal material surface, in particular to a metal material surface treatment method, which comprises the following steps: arranging metal particles to be implanted on the surface of the base metal; the metal particles to be implanted of step S1 are pressed into the base metal by laser shock. With the method of the invention, the implanted metal particles can be designed to be micrometer to millimeter magnitude according to the requirement and can be arranged in various shapes; and according to the final use performance, the optimal form and distribution of the metal particles are designed, and the metal particles are pressed into the surface of the base metal through laser impact to obtain the optimal use performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal material surface, in particular to a metal material surface treatment method.
Background
As is known, the damage of metal often originates from the surface of the material, and in order to improve the performance of the metal material, the surface of the metal material is often subjected to strengthening treatment, and wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant metal particles are arranged on the surface of the metal, so that the performance of the metal material can be greatly improved, and the service life of the metal material can be prolonged.
For example, chromium (Cr) is a silvery white metal that is hard and brittle in texture. Chromium is the most hard metal, second only to diamond, and has high corrosion resistance. The distribution of chromium on the metal surface has a very important influence on the properties of the metal material. If the Cr particles are uniformly distributed on the surface of the CuCr alloy, the high-voltage closing performance of the conductive and contact material can be greatly improved. The 7-series aluminum alloy is used as a novel lightweight material and widely applied to structural parts, and the 7-series aluminum alloy is adopted to prepare the traction pull rod of the high-speed train, so that the wear resistance of the traction pull rod can be effectively improved if Cr element is added to the surface of the traction pull rod.
How to distribute wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant metal particles on the surface of a metal material is a problem to be solved in the field of materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a metal material surface treatment method, aiming at solving the technical problem that wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant metal particles are implanted into the surface of a metal material.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a surface treatment method of a metal material comprises the following steps:
step S1, arranging metal particles to be implanted on the surface of the base metal;
step S2, the metal particles to be implanted of step S1 are pressed into the base metal by laser shock.
Further, the base metal is an alloy material.
Further, the alloy material is a CuCr alloy or a 7-series aluminum alloy.
Further, the metal particles to be implanted are Cr particles.
Further, the laser impact adopts laser with the wavelength of 532nm and the power density of 23.5MW/cm2～94.4MW/cm2。
Further, the metal particles to be implanted are uniformly arranged on the surface of the base metal.
Further, in step S1, the metal particles to be implanted are arranged in a grid shape.
Further, the latticed metal particles are printed and shaped through a metal 3D printer.
Furthermore, an absorption protective layer and a constraint layer are arranged on the surface of the base metal.
Further, the surface of the base metal is cleaned and dried.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the implanted metal particles can be designed to be micrometer to millimeter in order according to requirements and can be arranged into various shapes; and according to the final use performance, the optimal form and distribution of the metal particles are designed, and the metal particles are pressed into the surface of the base metal through laser impact to obtain the optimal use performance.
(2) In the invention, the implanted metal particles on the metal surface have controllable shape distribution, thereby being convenient for adjustment and control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preparation process, wherein a is a schematic diagram before laser shock and b is a schematic diagram of an effect after laser shock;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of different shapes of implanted metal particles, wherein a is a grid shape and b is an irregular distribution;
FIG. 3 is a microscopic view of the surface topography of metal particles after laser shock, wherein a is the prior art prepared surface topography; b is the surface morphology after the preparation of the method of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a distribution diagram of Cr particles on the surface of a 7-series aluminum alloy.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples of specific studies by the inventors. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims appended hereto.
The preparation method of the traditional alloy comprises the following steps:
preparing a CuCr alloy: the invention of CuCr alloy is a great breakthrough of vacuum switch contact material, after the contact is made of CuCr alloy, the breaking capacity, the pressure resistance, the fusion welding resistance and the cut-off characteristic of the vacuum switch are all greatly improved, thereby advancing the vacuum switch to a direction of high voltage and large capacity. Due to the excellent comprehensive performance, the material has replaced the traditional contact material and becomes the first choice of the contact material of the medium-high voltage high-power vacuum switch. However, the factors influencing the performance of the CuCr contact material mainly include three aspects of raw material performance, alloy composition and preparation process.
In the case of CuCr alloys, the sintering temperature is near or above the melting point of Cu, so the grain size of the Cu phase has less influence on the properties of the final product. The selection of the Cr phase granularity should be adapted to the requirements of the preparation process, generally speaking, the infiltration process requires the use of thicker powder to facilitate the formation of the infiltration framework and the connected pores, and ensure the smooth proceeding of the infiltration. The powder mixing and sintering process needs finer Cr powder to ensure the densification of the material. The particle size and distribution of the Cr powder have great influence on the performance of the contact material. The reduction in the size of the Cr particles increases the overall corrosion rate of the CuCr contact; the reduction of Cr particles can reduce the maximum value of the interception value and obviously improve the pressure resistance. It is believed that the Cr phase should have a particle size greater than 30 μm and less than 250 μm, while having a better particle size distribution.
Preparation of 7 series aluminum alloy: taking 7075 aluminum alloy as an example, 7075 aluminum alloy is a cold-processed forging alloy, has high strength, good mechanical properties and common corrosion resistance. 7075 the materials are usually added with copper, chromium and other alloys to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The distribution of chromium element on the surface of 7075 aluminum alloy greatly affects the use performance of 7075.
The performance of CuCr alloy material and 7 series aluminum alloy is good and bad, and the size and form distribution of Cr particles play an important role.
The laser acts on the thinner graphite layer on the base alloy, the graphite layer is gasified to generate plasma shock wave to form force effect, and the formed shock wave presses the implanted metal into the base alloy under high pressure due to the constraint action of the outer layer glass. The preparation process is shown in figure 1.
The method can design the optimal form and distribution of Cr particles according to the final use performance of the CuCr contact alloy material and the 7-series aluminum alloy, and implant the optimal state of the Cr particles into the matrix metal by a laser impact method to finally obtain the optimal use performance of the alloy material. Compared with the traditional CuCr material and 7-series preparation process, the preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, controllable Cr particle phase morphology and capability of randomly changing the distribution morphology of Cr particles on the alloy surface according to requirements.
The method is suitable for metal materials with HB < 200.
Example 1
The method for changing the distribution of the chromium element on the surface of the CuCr alloy comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: preparation of copper alloy substrate
By adopting a mixed casting method, the alloy components of Zn are 2 wt%, Mg are 0.4 wt%, Co is 0.04 wt%, and the balance is Cu; zn is used for regulating and controlling the conductivity of the alloy, the addition of Co can improve the hardness, tensile strength, machining performance and the like, and Mg can improve the ductility. Preparing copper alloy, casting into cast ingot, and cooling to room temperature for later use.
Step 2: copper alloy surface pretreatment
Preparing a required sample from the copper alloy to be used by adopting a machining method, and cleaning and drying the surface of the prepared sample to ensure that the surface of the copper alloy substrate is clean.
And step 3: pure Cr metal framework required for 3D printing
Printing a 80-micrometer pure Cr metal grid by using a metal 3D printer;
and 4, step 4: laser impact carving on Cu alloy surface
Adjusting the parameters of laser shock strengthening equipment, wherein laser with the wavelength of 532nm is adopted for laser shock, and the power density is 23.5MW/cm2～94.4MW/cm2(ii) a Placing the 3D printed Cr metal grid on the surface of the Cu alloy, and then placing a BK7 glass sheet on the Cr metal grid; and pressing the Cr metal framework into the surface of the Cu alloy by using a laser shock strengthening method to prepare the CuCr alloy surface with Cr distribution and form meeting the requirements.
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the surface of original CuCr alloy and the surface treated by the method of the present invention. In the figure, the gray part is a Cu alloy matrix, and the white part is the morphological distribution of Cr elements. As can be seen, the Cr element particles on the surface of the original CuCr alloy are large and randomly distributed; the Cr metal grid in the required shape after 3D printing can be carved on the Cu alloy substrate by the treatment of the method, the electrical contact property of the CuCr alloy surface can be effectively improved by changing the Cr element shape, and the service performance is superior to the original surface property.
The electrical properties of the electrical contact material prepared by the technique are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 electrical Properties of different preparation Processes for CuCr alloy electrical contacts
| Preparation process | Conventional process | The invention |
| Withstand voltage (kV) | 10 | 25.4 |
| Intercept value (μ s) | 45 | 25 |
| Surface state | Concentration of ablation | Ablation dispersion |
Example 2
The method for changing the distribution of chromium on the surface of the 7-series aluminum alloy mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparation of 7-series aluminum alloy substrate
By adopting a casting method, the alloy components of Zn are 6.1 wt%, Mg are 2.9 wt%, Cu is 2.0 wt% and the balance is Al; zn and Mg are main alloy elements and can form MgZn with remarkable strengthening effect2(ii) a And then treating the cast part by adopting a hot forging mode for later use.
Step 2: surface pretreatment of 7-series aluminum alloy
Preparing a required sample from the 7-series aluminum alloy to be used by adopting a machining method, and cleaning and drying the surface of the prepared sample to ensure that the surface of the copper alloy substrate is clean.
And step 3: pure Cr metal framework required for 3D printing
Printing a 120-micrometer net-shaped pure Cr metal framework by using a metal 3D printer;
and 4, step 4: laser shock on surface of 7-series aluminum alloy
Adjusting parameters of laser shock peening equipment, adopting laser with wavelength of 532nm for laser shock, and obtaining power density of 23.5MW/cm2～94.4MW/cm2(ii) a Placing a 3D printed Cr metal framework on the surface of the 7-series aluminum alloy, and then placing a BK7 glass sheet on the Cr metal framework; use laserThe light impact strengthening method presses the Cr metal framework into the surface of the 7-series aluminum alloy, so that the 7-series aluminum alloy surface with Cr distribution and form meeting the requirements can be prepared.
As shown in FIG. 4, in order to prepare a distributed Cr alloy framework on the surface of the 7-series aluminum alloy, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the 7-series aluminum alloy can be improved by the surface of the reticular Cr alloy, and meanwhile, meshes of the Cr alloy can be used as oil storage tanks to increase the lubricating function.
The properties of the 7-series aluminum alloy prepared by the method are shown in Table 2.
Different preparation process properties of aluminum alloy in series of Table 27
| Preparation process | Conventional process | The invention |
| Wear Rate (g/cm2) | 14 | 8.3 |
| Corrosion resistance | Local pitting corrosion | Oil film formed on the surface and no corrosion |
Claims (3)
1. A metal material surface treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, arranging metal particles to be implanted on the surface of a base metal, wherein the metal particles to be implanted are arranged in a grid shape, and the grid metal particles are printed and shaped by a metal 3D printer; the base metal is CuCr alloy or 7 series aluminum alloy, the metal particles to be implanted are Cr particles, and the particle size of the Cr particles is micrometer to millimeter magnitude;
step S2, pressing the metal particles to be implanted of step S1 into the base metal by laser shock, wherein the laser shock adopts laser with the wavelength of 532nm and the power density is 23.5MW/cm2～94.4MW/cm2。
2. The metal material surface treatment method according to claim 1, wherein an absorption protective layer and a constraining layer are provided on the base metal surface.
3. The metal material surface treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the base metal surface is subjected to a cleaning and drying treatment.
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| CN106825574A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-06-13 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of metal gradient material laser impact forges compound increasing material manufacturing method and device |
| CN110029344A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-19 | 成都航空职业技术学院 | A kind of method that molten note of laser strengthens 7075 aluminum alloy surfaces |
| CN110643991A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2020-01-03 | 西安天瑞达光电技术股份有限公司 | Metal material surface treatment method |
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| CN102191497A (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2011-09-21 | 江苏大学 | Method and device for preparing nanometer carbon-based film on surface of alloy substrate |
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