CN103602983A - Technological method for modifying copper-chromium alloy surface - Google Patents
Technological method for modifying copper-chromium alloy surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN103602983A CN103602983A CN201310598533.XA CN201310598533A CN103602983A CN 103602983 A CN103602983 A CN 103602983A CN 201310598533 A CN201310598533 A CN 201310598533A CN 103602983 A CN103602983 A CN 103602983A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technological method for modifying a copper-chromium alloy surface. The technological method comprises the following step of carrying out surface melting treatment on a CuCr alloy by adopting vacuum electron beam welding equipment, thus forming a compact working layer on the surface of a copper-chromium alloy contact, wherein the working layer is high in purity and has fine microstructural Cr particles.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of contact material of chrome copper alloy, be specifically related to the processing method of a kind of chromiumcopper top layer modification.
Background technology
Chromiumcopper (replaces copper chromium with CuCr below, conventional is Cr content 20%-50% massfraction, lower same) mainly as contacts for vacuum-break switches, play connection, carrying and breaking current, be the heart component of vacuum interrupter, its performance has determined performance and the reliability of operation thereof of vacuum interrupter to a great extent.Therefore vacuum interrupter has very harsh requirement to contact, requires to have: 1. large breaking current ability; 2. high withstand voltage intensity; 3. good electrical and thermal conductivity performance; 4. high anti-melting welding ability; 5. good anti-electric-arc scaling loss ability; 6. low shut off value characteristic; 7. low foreign matter content.At present worldwide, vacuum interrupter almost all adopts CuCr alloy with contact.
The manufacturing process of CuCr alloy contact has: powder sintering, infiltration method, fusion casting and arc melting method.The advantage of powder sintering is that production efficiency is high, and lumber recovery is high, and material use efficiency is high, and cost is low, and that disadvantage is contact performance is low, is mainly reflected in: Cr and Cu sintering under the fusing point lower than Cu, and the foreign matter contents such as contact material density is low, gas are high; Microstructure Cr grain diameter is larger, is generally 63 μ m-170 μ m.Therefore this class contact only limits to use on the following low capacity vacuum interrupter of 10kV grade at home, and market proportion is less.
For infiltration method, because infiltration is to carry out more than the fusing point of Cu, the advantage that this processing method is brought is that the foreign matter contents such as contact material density is high, gas are lower, and disadvantage is: microstructure Cr grain diameter is larger, is generally 63 μ m-170 μ m; Production efficiency, material use efficiency, lumber recovery are all low, and production cost is high.But the contact performance of infiltration method is than the height of powder sintering, and therefore this class contact is widely used on complete series vacuum interrupter at home, and market proportion is large.
For fusion casting, its technical process is: Cr and Cu become sheet material → be machined to element through high temperature melting → be cast into strip off the skin → sawing of spindle → spindle cylindrical.The advantage that this processing method is brought is that contact material density is high, microstructure Cr grain diameter is thinner, be generally 20 μ m-40 μ m, contact performance is than the height of powder sintering, also better than infiltration method, therefore this class contact is also applied on complete series vacuum interrupter at home, and market proportion is large.This processing method is suitable for the manufacture of low Cr content (20%-30%) CuCr alloy contact, but along with the raising of Cr content is also wanted corresponding raising because of smelting temperature, therefore bring unstable in much control to whole manufacturing process, cause lumber recovery to decline to a great extent; Simultaneously because ingot casting appearance is rough, be mingled with and need the skin depth pulled down larger more, so material use efficiency is also low.
For arc melting method, its technical process is: Cr powder becomes electrode → arc melting to cast the strip off the skin → sawing of spindle → spindle cylindrical and becomes sheet material → be machined to element with the mixing → vacuum sintering of Cu powder.The advantage that this processing method is brought is that contact material density is high, microstructure Cr grain diameter is thinner, be generally 20 μ m-30 μ m, contact performance is than the height of powder sintering, also good than infiltration method and fusion casting, be to generally acknowledge in the world at present the best CuCr alloy contact of performance, but its manufacturing cost is also the highest, although therefore this class contact can be applicable on complete series vacuum interrupter at home, market proportion is little.
In sum, can sum up and draw: 1. the CuCr alloy contact performance of powder sintering is minimum, and material use efficiency is the highest, and production efficiency is the highest, and cost is minimum; 2. the CuCr alloy contact performance of infiltration method, fusion casting and arc melting method is high, material use efficiency, lumber recovery are all low, this means and using these processing methodes with when obtaining high-performance CuCr alloy contact, also accelerated Cr on the earth this originally with regard to the consumption of metals resources in short supply.
Usually, the thickness of CuCr alloy contact is 3mm-5mm, and therefore the about 0.5mm of its thickness at whole lifetime internal loss just can make contact meet the service requirements of vacuum interrupter completely as long as obtain the high-performance contact working lining of the above thickness of 0.5mm.
Therefore, as long as seek the high-performance contact working lining that CuCr alloy contact top layer (single end face) that a kind of processing method makes powder sintering forms the above thickness of one deck 0.5mm, just not only can both the CuCr alloy contact performance of powder sintering be brought up to the performance level the same with arc process CuCr alloy contact, can also save a large amount of Metal Cr resources.
At home and abroad, relevant for the research of CuCr alloy contact top layer laser melting, also relevant for carry out the research of CuCr powdered alloy laser melting coating on Cu base material, object is that refinement contact textura epidermoidea is to improve contact performance.Owing to carrying out at non-vacuum condition, be difficult to avoid the oxidation of CuCr alloy contact, simultaneously because contact surface has applied optical absorbing agent (using during consolidation), CuCr powdered alloy has mixed binding agent (using during cladding), therefore not only can not purifying CuCr alloy in laser melting or cladding process, also can bring other impurity into it, this will damage the performance of contact, also can use and bring the risk that is difficult to prediction to contact.Chinese patent " CN101899640B " proposed about on Cu base material first surperficial pre-coated Cr re-use the method that pulsed electron beam carries out alloying, there is the problem of the inconsistent and Cr segregation of the alloy layer Cr content after alloying in this method.The quality (participating in the Cu of alloying) of the Cu that the degree of depth difference of pulsed electron beams heating fusing is melted is also thereupon different, and then alloy layer Cr content is also thereupon inconsistent, be difficult to control the chemical composition of CuCr alloy contact, be finally difficult to produce CuCr alloy contact by desired composition.In addition because the density ratio Cu of Cr is little, in addition Cr/Cu structure be pure Cr layer upper and pure Cu matrix under, rather than in advance Cr, Cu are mixed by the ratio of the required, in pulsed electron beams heating melting process, no matter top layer is transient melting flash setting subsequently again, or when long, melt again rapid solidification subsequently, all very easily cause the segregation of Cr.Owing to there is all above problems, no matter be laser melting, cladding or pulsed electron beam alloying, in the manufacture of CuCr alloy contact, be not all also applied so far.
Electron beam welding can weld all metallic substance and some dissimilar metal joint, from paillon foil, to sheet material, all can be welded into together, and steel plate can weld thickness and reach 100 millimeters, and aluminium sheet reaches 150 millimeters, and copper coin can reach 25 millimeters.Vacuum electron beam welder utilizes high-energy-density electron beam directly melting of metal to be realized to welding under high vacuum condition, can reach the requirement of the different depth of weld by adjusting the parameters such as high pressure, welding current and welding speed.Up to now, yet there are no and adopt vacuum electron beam welding technology to carry out Alloying Treatment to CuCr alloy.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of by adopting vacuum electron beam welding equipment to carry out top layer processing to CuCr alloy, thereby on the surface of CuCr alloy, form the method for one deck working lining densification, that highly purified, microstructure Cr particle is tiny.
Under vacuum condition, utilize electron beam that the CuCr alloy contact end face of powder sintering is carried out to melt processed, can obtain one deck densification, purified mistake, the high-performance contact working lining that microstructure Cr particle is tiny, object of the present invention is exactly by this method, make the performance of CuCr alloy contact of the powder sintering of lower performance with low cost bring up to the performance level the same with arc process CuCr alloy contact, or surpass the performance level of arc process CuCr alloy contact, save a large amount of Metal Cr resources simultaneously, significantly reduce the manufacturing cost of high-performance CuCr alloy contact, the performance level of Integral lifting vacuum interrupter.
For reaching this purpose, the processing method of chromiumcopper of the present invention top layer modification, comprises the following steps:
1) will adopt the CuCr alloy preform that powder sintering prepares to be arranged on welding booth, vacuumize and keep welding booth's vacuum tightness;
2) start electron beam welding machine, CuCr alloy preform upper epidermis is carried out to the automatic melt processed of electron beam;
3) by the CuCr alloy preform shaping after the melt processed of electron beam top layer.
The processing method of CuCr alloy surface of the present invention modification,
In step 1), described CuCr alloy preform, the wherein preferred 20%-50% of chromium content; Can also be as the present normal method adopting, in preparation CuCr alloy preform process, add any one or two kinds in tungsten powder, molybdenum powder, iron powder, zirconium powder, nickel powder until whole five kinds, generally each adds content≤1.5% massfraction of element;
In step 1), described CuCr alloy preform is arranged on welding booth, be preferably mounted in welding booth on numerical control table, NC table, numerical control table, NC table has adapted fixture that CuCr alloy preform is installed, adapted fixture preferably can keep the fixture of constant temperature, as the fixture by circulating water, numerical control table, NC table can be X, Y two dimension automatic control console, pass through setting program, the arbitrary plane curved path that fusing is set by expection melts automatically, also can be by setting program, welding current, welding speed, weld seam overlapping rate that fusing is set by expection melt automatically; Welding booth's vacuum tightness preferably 8 * 10
-1-1 * 10
-3pa scope;
Step 2) in, the preferable range of the welding setting of electron beam welding machine exists: high pressure 30kV-60kV, welding current 30mA-80mA, welding speed 6mm-20mm/s, weld seam overlapping rate 30%-40%;
In step 3), by the CuCr alloy preform shaping after the melt processed of electron beam top layer, preferably use hydropress.
The thickness fine and close, purified mistake, high-performance contact working lining that microstructure Cr particle is tiny that adopts that method of the present invention obtains can reach affiliated requirement, is generally controlled at 0.5mm-2.0mm.
Adopt the processing method of CuCr alloy surface of the present invention modification, compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention:
1) make the CuCr alloy contact end face of powder sintering form the high-performance contact working lining that one deck is densification, purified mistake, microstructure Cr particle is tiny;
2) can reach≤7 μ m of smelting zone microstructure Cr grain diameter;
3) smelting zone hardness HB can improve more than 40% than before processing;
4) much less of contact manufactured materials consumption rate infiltration method, fusion casting and arc process, with
74mm * 5mm CuCr(40) be example, single piece of material consumption sees the following form:
| ? | Powder sintering | Infiltration method | Fusion casting | Arc melting method |
| Cr | 69g | 116g | 234g | 197g |
| Cu | 103g | 227g | 351g | 295g |
| Add up to | 172g | 343g | 585g | 492g |
The consumption of powder sintering CuCr alloy contact material is 50% of infiltration method, is 29.4% of fusion casting, is 35% of arc process, so this method can be saved a large amount of Metal Cr and metal Cu;
5) smelting zone material is not only brought any impurity in high-vacuum melting process, has also obtained purifying;
6) performance of powder sintering CuCr alloy contact smelting zone at least reaches the performance of arc process CuCr alloy contact; Powder sintering CuCr alloy contact after processing can be applied on the vacuum interrupter of any electric current and voltage grade.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the CuCr alloy contact material metallographic structure that embodiment 4 processes through electron-beam melting.
Fig. 2 is the original metallographic structure of embodiment 4 powder sintering CuCr alloy contact material.
Fig. 3 is arc process CuCr(25) the original metallographic structure of alloy contact material.
Embodiment
With embodiment, the invention will be further described below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
1) adopt the chromium content of tungsten that powder sintering preparation added 1.5% massfraction at 40% massfraction
the CuCr(40 of 74mm * 5mm) blank; By the CuCr(40 preparing) alloy preform is arranged on the adapted fixture on welding booth's numerical control table, NC table, and adapted fixture, by circulating water, vacuumizes and keeps welding booth's vacuum tightness 8 * 10
-1pa-1 * 10
-3pa scope;
2) set welding setting: then high pressure 60kV, the initial 30mA of welding current are little by little elevated to evenly 50mA, the initial 6mm/s of welding speed and then little by little bring up to evenly 15mm/s, weld seam overlapping rate 30%, by therefrom arriving peripheral spiral path setting program, starting electron beam welding machine, to CuCr(40) alloy preform upper epidermis carries out the automatic melt processed of electron beam;
3) using nominal pressure is 315 t hydraulic press, and endoporus is
the mould of 74mm, operating pressure is 170 tons, the CuCr(40 after electron-beam melting is processed) alloy preform carries out shaping, and the thickness of the high-performance contact working lining of the CuCr alloy preform upper epidermis obtaining is at 1.5mm-2.0mm.
Embodiment 2:
1) adopt powder sintering preparation added the tungsten of 1.0% massfraction, the chromium content of the molybdenum of 1.5% massfraction at 40% massfraction
74mm * 5mmCuCr(40) blank; The CuCr40 alloy preform preparing is arranged on the adapted fixture on welding booth's numerical control table, NC table, and adapted fixture, by circulating water, vacuumizes and keeps welding booth's vacuum tightness 8 * 10
-1pa-1 * 10
-3pa scope;
2) set welding setting: then high pressure 30kV, the initial 50mA of welding current are little by little elevated to evenly 80mA, the initial 6mm/s of welding speed and then little by little bring up to evenly 20mm/s, weld seam overlapping rate 40%, by therefrom arriving peripheral spiral path setting program, starting electron beam welding machine, to CuCr(40) alloy preform upper epidermis carries out the automatic melt processed of electron beam;
3) using nominal pressure is 315 t hydraulic press, and endoporus is
the mould of 74mm, operating pressure is 170 tons, the CuCr(40 after electron-beam melting is processed) alloy preform carries out shaping, and the thickness of the high-performance contact working lining of the CuCr alloy preform upper epidermis obtaining is at 0.5mm-1.0mm.
Embodiment 3:
1) adopt powder sintering preparation added the tungsten of 1.0% massfraction, the iron of the molybdenum of 1.5% massfraction, 0.5%% massfraction, the chromium content of the nickel of the zirconium of 1.5% massfraction, 1.5% massfraction at 50% massfraction
74mm * 5mm CuCr(50) blank; By the CuCr(50 preparing) alloy preform is arranged on the adapted fixture on welding booth's numerical control table, NC table, and adapted fixture, by circulating water, vacuumizes and keeps welding booth's vacuum tightness 8 * 10
-1pa-1 * 10
-3pa scope;
2) set welding setting: then high pressure 40kV, the initial 40mA of welding current are little by little elevated to evenly 60mA, the initial 8mm/s of welding speed and then little by little bring up to evenly 20mm/s, weld seam overlapping rate 35%, by therefrom arriving peripheral spiral path setting program, starting electron beam welding machine, to CuCr(50) alloy preform upper epidermis carries out the automatic melt processed of electron beam;
3) using nominal pressure is 315 t hydraulic press, and endoporus is
the mould of 74mm, operating pressure is 170 tons, and CuCr (50) alloy preform after electron-beam melting is processed carries out shaping, and the thickness of the high-performance contact working lining of the CuCr alloy preform upper epidermis obtaining is at 1.0mm-1.5mm.
Embodiment 4:
1) adopt powder sintering to prepare chromium content at 25% massfraction
the CuCr(25 of 74mm * 5mm) blank; By the CuCr(25 preparing) alloy preform is arranged on the adapted fixture on welding booth's numerical control table, NC table, and adapted fixture, by circulating water, vacuumizes and keeps welding booth's vacuum tightness 8 * 10
-1pa-1 * 10
-3pa scope;
2) set welding setting: then high pressure 60kV, the initial 30mA of welding current are little by little elevated to evenly 50mA, the initial 6mm/s of welding speed and then little by little bring up to evenly 20mm/s, weld seam overlapping rate 30%, by therefrom arriving peripheral spiral path setting program, starting electron beam welding machine, to CuCr(25) alloy preform upper epidermis carries out the automatic melt processed of electron beam;
3) using nominal pressure is 315 t hydraulic press, and endoporus is
the mould of 74mm, operating pressure is 170 tons, the CuCr(25 after electron-beam melting is processed) alloy preform carries out shaping, and the thickness of the high-performance contact working lining of the CuCr alloy preform upper epidermis obtaining is at 1.5mm-2.0mm.
Embodiment 5:
1) adopt powder sintering preparation to add the tungsten of 1.5% massfraction, the chromium content of the iron of 1.5%% massfraction is 20% massfraction
74mm * 5mm CuCr(20) blank; By the CuCr(20 preparing) alloy preform is arranged on the adapted fixture on welding booth's numerical control table, NC table, and adapted fixture, by circulating water, vacuumizes and keeps welding booth's vacuum tightness 8 * 10
-1pa-1 * 10
-3pa scope;
2) set welding setting: then high pressure 50kV, the initial 35mA of welding current are little by little elevated to evenly 50mA, the initial 6mm/s of welding speed and then little by little bring up to evenly 12mm/s, weld seam overlapping rate 35%, by therefrom arriving peripheral spiral path setting program, starting electron beam welding machine, to CuCr(20) alloy preform upper epidermis carries out the automatic melt processed of electron beam;
3) using nominal pressure is 315 t hydraulic press, and endoporus is
the mould of 74mm, operating pressure is 170 tons, and CuCr (20) alloy preform after electron-beam melting is processed carries out shaping, and the thickness of the high-performance contact working lining of the CuCr alloy preform upper epidermis obtaining is at 1.1mm-1.6mm.
Claims (10)
1. a processing method for chromiumcopper top layer modification, comprises the following steps:
1) will adopt the CuCr alloy preform that powder sintering prepares to be arranged on welding booth, vacuumize and keep welding booth's vacuum tightness;
2) start electron beam welding machine, CuCr alloy preform upper epidermis is carried out to the automatic melt processed of electron beam;
3) by the CuCr alloy preform shaping after the melt processed of electron beam top layer.
2. the processing method of chromiumcopper according to claim 1 top layer modification, is characterized in that: the thickness of the high-performance contact working lining of the CuCr alloy preform upper epidermis obtaining is at 0.5mm-2.0mm.
3. the processing method of chromiumcopper according to claim 1 top layer modification, is characterized in that: described welding booth vacuum tightness is 8 * 10
-1-1 * 10
-3pa.
4. the processing method of chromiumcopper according to claim 1 top layer modification, is characterized in that: the welding setting of described electron beam welding machine: high pressure 30kV-60kV, welding current 30mA-80mA, welding speed 6mm-20mm/s, weld seam overlapping rate 30%-40%.
5. according to the processing method of the arbitrary described chromiumcopper top layer modification of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described CuCr alloy preform, wherein chromium content is 20%-50%.
6. according to the processing method of the arbitrary described chromiumcopper top layer modification of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: can in the process of preparation CuCr alloy preform, add any one or two kinds in tungsten powder, molybdenum powder, iron powder, zirconium powder, nickel powder until whole five kinds, each adds content≤1.5% massfraction of element.
7. according to the processing method of the arbitrary described chromiumcopper top layer modification of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described CuCr alloy preform is arranged in welding booth on numerical control table, NC table, numerical control table, NC table is furnished with fixture CuCr alloy preform is installed, and adopts constant temperature fixture.
8. the processing method of chromiumcopper according to claim 7 top layer modification, is characterized in that: numerical control table, NC table is X, Y two dimension automatic control console, and by setting program, the arbitrary plane curved path that welding is set by expection melts automatically.
9. the processing method of chromiumcopper according to claim 7 top layer modification, is characterized in that: numerical control table, NC table is by setting program, and welding current, welding speed, weld seam overlapping rate that welding is set by expection melt automatically.
10. according to the processing method of the arbitrary described chromiumcopper top layer modification of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: with hydropress by the CuCr alloy preform shaping after the melt processed of electron beam top layer.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104120245A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-10-29 | 陕西斯瑞工业有限责任公司 | Method for processing surface of CuCr contact material for vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber |
| CN105821361A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-08-03 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Method for adjusting movement track during copper-chromium alloy contact surface laser modification |
| CN105839037A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-08-10 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Laser surface modification method of copper-chromium alloy contact |
| CN106676517A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-17 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Method for preparing copper-chromium composite contact material through electron beam cladding process |
| CN110643991A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2020-01-03 | 西安天瑞达光电技术股份有限公司 | Metal material surface treatment method |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104120245A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-10-29 | 陕西斯瑞工业有限责任公司 | Method for processing surface of CuCr contact material for vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber |
| CN105821361A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-08-03 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Method for adjusting movement track during copper-chromium alloy contact surface laser modification |
| CN105839037A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-08-10 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Laser surface modification method of copper-chromium alloy contact |
| CN105821361B (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-12-05 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | A kind of method for adjusting movement locus when cu cr contact material surface laser is modified |
| CN105839037B (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2018-01-16 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | A kind of laser surface modification method of cu cr contact material |
| CN106676517A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-17 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Method for preparing copper-chromium composite contact material through electron beam cladding process |
| CN110643991A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2020-01-03 | 西安天瑞达光电技术股份有限公司 | Metal material surface treatment method |
| CN110643991B (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-11-19 | 西安天瑞达光电技术股份有限公司 | Metal material surface treatment method |
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Effective date of registration: 20161223 Address after: 541004 the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dongcheng Qixing District, Guilin City Road No. 8 Patentee after: Guilin Jinge Electrotechnical Electronic Material Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 541004 the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Dongcheng Qixing District, Guilin City Road No. 8 Patentee before: Guilin Electrical Equipment Scientific Research Institute Co., Ltd. |