CN106508750A - Culture method of rainbow trout - Google Patents
Culture method of rainbow trout Download PDFInfo
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- CN106508750A CN106508750A CN201611013723.0A CN201611013723A CN106508750A CN 106508750 A CN106508750 A CN 106508750A CN 201611013723 A CN201611013723 A CN 201611013723A CN 106508750 A CN106508750 A CN 106508750A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fishing culture, and particularly discloses a culture method of rainbow trout. The method includes the following steps: (1) selection of fishpond; (2) preparation of solutions, such as single salt; (3) spawn collection, milt collection, spawn washing and insemination; (4) fertilized eggs hatch; (5) fry rearing; (6) rainbow trout fry input; (7) fish feed discharging in the juvenile stage; (8) fish feed discharging in the adult stage; (9) water body management. By applying the culture method of rainbow trout, the rainbow trout has great economic values with strong disease resistance, high survival rate and succulent and tender meat quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultural technique field of fish, more particularly to a kind of cultural method of rainbow trout.
Background technology
Rainbow trout belongs to salmonidae, is that the cold aqueous pool is breeded fish class.Rainbow trout is the yield that FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) is promoted to the world
High and one of colory four big freshwater aquiculture kind, is listed in famous and precious fish in the world always, with meat flavour is delicious, battalion
Support that the few meat of abundant, thorn is more, edibility is high, growth is rapid, easily fish for, that efficiency of feed utilization height, artificial propagation are simple and easy to do etc. is excellent
Point.Rainbow trout likes to inhabit that limpid, water temperature is relatively low, dissolved oxygen is more, the waters that flow is abundant, in growth, reproductive process, to water
The conditions such as temperature, dissolved oxygen amount, water quality, light have higher requirement.When temperature is less than 7 DEG C or is higher than 20 DEG C, appetite subtracts rainbow trout
Move back, decreased growth, stopping of ingesting more than 24 DEG C is later gradually weak and dead；Dissolved oxygen in water is killing point less than 3 mg/litres,
Start death less than occurring " floating head " during 4.3 mg/litre.
The mainly long extensive pond culture of existing rainbow trout fish culture, water quality inferiority, water body are not flowed, culturing pool internal memory
In many germs, the easy infected disease of rainbow trout in this environment, cause the rainbow trout life-span not the long, death rate occupy it is high, and
And cultivate that rainbow trout nutritive value out is high, meat is more coarse, the advantage of rainbow trout can not be embodied completely.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is providing a kind of cultural method of rainbow trout, it is possible to increase the survival rate of rainbow trout.
In order to achieve the above object, base case of the invention is：The cultural method of rainbow trout, comprises the following steps：
(1) fishpond selects：Fishpond addressing is selected in karst landform area, is cultivated in the pond that flowing water corrosion is formed；
(2) preparation of mono-salt isotonic solution：Mono-salt isotonic solution is prepared by following quality parts ratio：Water 1000-1200 parts, Nacl
9-12 parts, Agcl 0.2-0.3 parts；Before adopting ovum, ovum quantity is adopted according to same day plan, needs the amount of 400ml to make foot by per ten thousand ovum
The isotonic solution of amount is for washing ovum use；
(3) ovum, semen collection are adopted, ovum, insemination is washed；Ovum artificial collection, semen collection；Adopt ovum, after the completion of semen collection, prepared using step (2)
Mono-salt isotonic solution wash ovum after, implement artificial insemination；
(4) incubating oosperm：Incubating oosperm is postlarva；
(5) seed rearing：Postlarva is cultivated, screening body does not have the good postlarva of fine quality of defect, shape；
(6) throw in rainbow trout fry：The postlarva that step (5) is obtained is rendered in fishpond；Before rainbow trout fry is thrown in,
Sterilization processing is carried out to rainbow trout seedling first；
(7) input of postlarva stage feed：Eat with pharmacy by following quality parts ratio：Golden cicada 200-250 part, iced trash fish meat
120-150 parts, egg 100-120 parts, purslane 48-56 parts, Radix Isatidis 20-28 parts, honeysuckle 18-26 parts, employed in which
Golden cicada be to be fed by cordate houttuynia, by above material disintegrating, mixing, break into pasty state, every 5 days input cultivating pools 1 time；
On ordinary days, fed using normal diet, day throwing amount is about the 2.8-3.2% of fish body gross weight, daily bait throwing in 4-6 time；
(8) input of adult fish stage feed：Eat with pharmacy by following quality parts ratio：Golden cicada 250-285 part, earthworm 130-
168 parts, it is silkworm chrysalis 120-145 parts, peppermint 30-38 parts, purslane 48-58 parts, Radix Isatidis 24-32 parts, honeysuckle 28-36 parts, big
Garlic 26-32 parts, the golden cicada employed in which are to be fed to grow up by cordate houttuynia, and by above material disintegrating, mixing, making particle diameter is
0.4-0.7 millimeters it is granular, every 8 days input cultivating pools 1 time；On ordinary days, fed using normal diet, day throwing amount is about
For the 3-3.5% of fish body gross weight, daily bait throwing in 2-3 time；
(9) water body management：In spring and autumn per water is changed within 2-4 days once, in summer per water is changed within 1-3 days once, in the winter time often
Change within 3-7 days water once.
The operation principle of this base case is：Fishpond addressing is selected in karst landform area, karst landform area it is main
Composition is calcium carbonate, and water and calcium carbonate are mixed with dissolution precipitation effect, have catharsis to water body, so the water of this area is limpid
See the bottom, water quality is good, be very suitable for cultivating rainbow trout.Rainbow trout is carried out adopting ovum, semen collection, ovum is adopted, after the completion of semen collection, is washed
Ovum, is then carried out artificial insemination.Preparing mono-salt isotonic solution is used to wash ovum, contains Nacl, Agcl in mono-salt isotonic solution, and Nacl has
Bactericidal action, and the Ag ions in Agcl equally have very strong bactericidal effect, wash ovum energy using the mono-salt isotonic solution of the preparation
It is effectively sterilized.Incubating oosperm is postlarva, and postlarva is cultivated, and screening body does not have the good postlarva of fine quality of defect, shape.
In two phased intervals input medicines food of cultivation rainbow trout, the proportioning of different phase input medicine food is different, between the time
Every also different, when medicine food is not put into, using common forage feed rainbow trout.Golden cicada rich in protein, amino acid, ash content and
Multivitamin and trace element, nutritive value are high, have the good reputation of Tang's monk's meat.From the gold fed by cordate houttuynia in medicine food
Cicada, cordate houttuynia vitamin content are high, and have inhibitory action to various microorganisms, bacterium, the golden cicada that edible cordate houttuynia grows up, its
Nutrient content is more high than common golden cicada, and also has antibiotic effect.Medicine food is used as using the golden cicada fed by cordate houttuynia
Main component, not only can bring abundant nutrition for rainbow trout, moreover it is possible to improve its antibacterial ability.The medicine food that postlarva stage is thrown in is also
Including iced trash fish meat, egg, purslane, Radix Isatidis, honeysuckle etc., iced trash fish meat, egg are mainly postlarva and provide abundant battalion
Support, iced trash fish meat is mainly by made by fresh crucian, grass carp etc.；Purslane herb energy hyoscine, has anti-inflammatory etc. to act on, together
When be also good feed；Honeysuckle contains the pharmacological components such as chlorogenic acid, cyanidenon glycosides, to various pathogens and virus
Etc. there is stronger restraint, in addition can also strengthen immunity.Above-mentioned material is made the growth that medicine food can be not only rainbow trout to carry
For the nutrition enriched, moreover it is possible to strengthen rainbow trout resistance against diseases, survival rate is improved.The medicine food composition that adult fish stage is thrown in is not
Together, including compositions such as earthworm, silkworm chrysalis, peppermint, honeysuckle, purslane, garlics, earthworm, silkworm chrysalis are rich rich in protein, nutrition
Richness, can provide enough nutrition for adult fish, and rainbow trout is eaten for a long time these materials can make meat more fertile.Peppermint being capable of anti-corrosion
Sterilization, the bacterium advantageously reduced in pond body in making medicine food input culturing pool；Garlic has functions that anti-inflammatory, contributes to preventing and treating
Rainbow trout enteritis.
As rainbow trout is very high to water quality requirement, so wanting the water that Jing is often changed in culturing pool, spring and autumn is every to change water in 2-4 days
Once, it is in summer per water is changed within 1-3 days once, every in the winter time to change within 3-7 days water once, it is ensured that the growing environment of rainbow trout is conformed to
Ask.
The beneficial effect of this base case is：1st, start to cultivate rainbow trout from reproductive stage, postlarva is in rainbow trout
Stage is screened to rainbow trout, and the postlarva for selecting health, growth situation good is cultivated, it is possible to increase during cultivation rainbow trout
Overall survival rate.2nd, the medicine food of different phase input is rationally determined according to the growth cycle of rainbow trout, is postlarva in rainbow trout
Stage, the feed of demand reasonable preparation good palatability, comprehensive nutrition according to it lure postlarva opening to search for food.Simultaneously because postlarva
It is in children phase, poor to sick ability, various diseases are easily infected, according to experience is cultivated for many years, rationally adds purslane, plate blue
The Chinese herbal medicines such as root, honeysuckle can improve the resistance against diseases of postlarva, be favorably improved its survival rate.It is adult fish stage in rainbow trout,
To make the meat of rainbow trout fertile, fresh and tender, need to feed the abundanter high-quality bait of nutrition such as golden cicada, earthworm, cicada pupa, while
To prevent and treat the diseases such as rainbow trout infection enteritis, saprolegniasis, trout, add in medicine food and can effectively prevent and treat these diseases
The peppermint of disease, purslane, Radix Isatidis, honeysuckle, the composition such as garlic.3rd, golden cicada, iced trash fish meat, earthworm, silkworm chrysalis during medicine is eaten etc.
Nutrient content is high, and rainbow trout is eaten for a long time these materials can make meat more fertile.But not all need daily to put into medicine food, and
Be to be put into according to the actual demand of different phase, common feed is then put into not putting into when medicine is eaten.By calculating, reasonably
The materials such as interval input golden cicada, iced trash fish meat, earthworm, silkworm chrysalis, that is, can guarantee that the nutrient content that rainbow trout needs.And rainbow trout disease
The preventing and treating of disease need not put into also and all Chinese herbal medicine daily, be spaced input and can function well as disease preventing and treating within a period of time
Effect, effectively reduce the illness rate of rainbow trout.The cost of medicine food also can than normal diet high cost, the way for being spaced input
Production cost is reduced rationally.
Further, during rainbow trout fish culture, water temperature is controlled at 10-18 DEG C, pH value is in 6.5-6.8, dissolved oxygen amount
5.2mg/L is not less than, ammonia nitrogen is less than 1mg/L.Rainbow trout has higher wanting to conditions such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen amount, water quality, light
Ask, rationally control the conditions such as water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen amount, it is possible to increase the survival rate of rainbow trout.
Further, during spring and summer, castor leaf is bundled into bundle and is placed in fishpond and is soaked, per 100m3Water soaks 2.3-
2.5kg castor leaf.Annual two season of autumn in summer is the high-incidence season of rainbow trout disease, soaks castor leaf and can effectively prevent and treat rainbow trout in fishpond
The relevant disease of fish.
Specific embodiment
Describe the cultural method of rainbow trout, the other embodiment and comparative example body in table 1 below by taking embodiment 1 as an example in detail
Existing, unshowned part is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment discloses a kind of cultural method of rainbow trout, comprises the following steps：
(1) fishpond selects：Fishpond addressing is selected in karst landform area, is cultivated in the pond that flowing water corrosion is formed；
(2) preparation of mono-salt isotonic solution：Mono-salt isotonic solution is prepared by following quality parts ratio：1000 parts of water, 9 parts of Nacl,
0.2 part of Agcl；Before adopting ovum, ovum quantity is adopted according to same day plan, needs the amount of 400ml to make enough isotonic solutions by per ten thousand ovum
For washing ovum use；
(3) ovum, semen collection are adopted, ovum, insemination is washed；Ovum artificial collection, semen collection；Adopt ovum, after the completion of semen collection, prepared using step (2)
Mono-salt isotonic solution wash ovum after, implement artificial insemination；
(4) incubating oosperm：Incubating oosperm is postlarva；
(5) seed rearing：Postlarva is cultivated, screening body does not have the good postlarva of fine quality of defect, shape；
(6) throw in rainbow trout fry：Before rainbow trout fry is thrown in, sterilization processing is carried out to rainbow trout seedling first；
(7) input of postlarva stage feed：Eat with pharmacy by following quality parts ratio：200 parts of golden cicada, iced trash fish meat 120
Part, 100 parts of egg, 48 parts of purslane, 20 parts of Radix Isatidis, 18 parts of honeysuckle, the golden cicada employed in which are to be fed by cordate houttuynia
, by above material disintegrating, mixing, pasty state is broken into, every 5 days input cultivating pools 1 time；On ordinary days, entered using normal diet
Row is fed, and day throwing amount is about the 2.8% of fish body gross weight, daily bait throwing in 4 times；
(8) input of adult fish stage feed：Eat with pharmacy by following quality parts ratio：250 parts of golden cicada, 130 parts of earthworm, silkworm
120 parts of pupa, 30 parts of peppermint, 48 parts of purslane, 24 parts of Radix Isatidis, 28 parts of honeysuckle, 26 parts of garlic, the golden cicada employed in which is
Fed by cordate houttuynia and grown up, by above material disintegrating, mixing, it is the granular of 0.4-0.7 millimeters to make particle diameter, is put into every 8 days
Cultivating pool 1 time；On ordinary days, fed using normal diet, day throwing amount is about the 3% of fish body gross weight, daily bait throwing in 2 times；
(9) water body management：In spring and autumn per water is changed within 2-4 days once, in summer per water is changed within 1-3 days once, in the winter time often
Change within 3-7 days water once.
Table 1
The survival rate of embodiment 1 to rainbow trout in comparative example 3 is detected respectively, and the result for drawing is as shown in table 2：
Table 2
Summarize：
As can be seen that can in the special medicine food of rainbow trout postlarva stage input from embodiment 1 with the contrast of comparative example 1
Improve the survival rate of rainbow trout；As can be seen that special in rainbow trout adult fish stage input from contrast of the embodiment 1 with comparative example 2
The medicine food of system can improve the survival rate of rainbow trout；As can be seen that using this cultivation from contrast of the embodiment 1 with comparative example 3
The rainbow trout of method cultivation, its survival rate are far above common cultural method.
Claims (3)
1. the cultural method of rainbow trout, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Fishpond selects：Fishpond addressing is selected in karst landform area, is cultivated in the pond that flowing water corrosion is formed；
（2）The preparation of mono-salt isotonic solution：Mono-salt isotonic solution is prepared by following quality parts ratio：Water 1000-1200 parts, Nacl 9-
12 parts, Agcl 0.2-0.3 parts；Before adopting ovum, ovum quantity is adopted according to same day plan, needs the amount of 400ml to make foot by per ten thousand ovum
The isotonic solution of amount is for washing ovum use；
（3）Adopt ovum, semen collection, wash ovum, insemination：Ovum artificial collection, semen collection；Adopt ovum, after the completion of semen collection, using step（2）The list of preparation
After salt isotonic solution washes ovum, implement artificial insemination；
（4）Incubating oosperm：Incubating oosperm is postlarva；
（5）Seed rearing：Postlarva is cultivated, screening body does not have the good postlarva of fine quality of defect, shape；
（6）Throw in rainbow trout fry：By step（5）The postlarva for obtaining is rendered in fishpond；It is before rainbow trout fry is thrown in, first right
Rainbow trout seedling carries out sterilization processing；
（7）The input of postlarva stage feed：Eat with pharmacy by following quality parts ratio：Golden cicada 200-250 part, iced trash fish meat 120-
150 parts, egg 100-120 parts, purslane 48-56 parts, Radix Isatidis 20-28 parts, honeysuckle 18-26 parts, the gold employed in which
Cicada was to be fed by cordate houttuynia, by above material disintegrating, mixing, breaks into pasty state, every 5 days input cultivating pools 1 time；Flat
Day, to be fed using normal diet, day throwing amount is about the 2.8-3.2% of fish body gross weight, daily bait throwing in 4-6 time；
（8）The input of adult fish stage feed：Eat with pharmacy by following quality parts ratio：Golden cicada 250-285 part, earthworm 130-168
Part, silkworm chrysalis 120-145 parts, peppermint 30-38 parts, purslane 48-58 parts, Radix Isatidis 24-32 parts, honeysuckle 28-36 parts, garlic
26-32 parts, the golden cicada employed in which are to be fed to grow up by cordate houttuynia, by above material disintegrating, mixing, make particle diameter for 0.4-
0.7 millimeter granular, every 8 days input cultivating pools 1 time；On ordinary days, fed using normal diet, day throwing amount is about fish
The 3-3.5% of body gross weight, daily bait throwing in 2-3 time；
（9）Water body is managed：In spring and autumn per water is changed within 2-4 days once, in summer per water is changed within 1-3 days once, in the winter time per 3-7 days
Change water once.
2. the cultural method of rainbow trout as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that during rainbow trout fish culture, by water
At 10-18 DEG C, in 6.5-6.8, dissolved oxygen amount is not less than 5.2mg/L to pH value to temperature control system, and ammonia nitrogen is less than 1mg/L.
3. the cultural method of rainbow trout as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that during spring and summer, castor leaf is bundled into into bundle
It is placed in fishpond and soaks, per 100m3Water soaks 2.3-2.5kg castor leaves.
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