CN110603922A

CN110603922A - Method for recovering degraded wetland vegetation by utilizing reed stalks asexual propagation

Info

Publication number: CN110603922A
Application number: CN201910851392.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张洺也; 佟守正; 张冬杰; 齐清; 安雨; 刘言; 崔庚; 宋铁军
Original assignee: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of CAS
Current assignee: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of CAS
Priority date: 2019-09-10
Filing date: 2019-09-10
Publication date: 2019-12-24
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-10
Also published as: CN110603922B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for recovering degraded wetland vegetation by utilizing reed stalks for vegetative propagation, and relates to a method for recovering degraded wetland vegetation. The invention aims to solve the technical problems of long propagation period and low germination rate of the conventional method for vegetative propagation of reed by using stalks. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, collecting and transporting stalks; secondly, screening stalks and rejuvenating seedlings; thirdly, planting reed stalks; fourthly, cultivation. The method reduces the germination period of the reed stalks to 5-6 days, and improves the germination rate of the reed stalks to more than 70%. Good recovery effect can be obtained in the first year after planting, and a natural reed community can be formed in the second year after planting, so that the method can be used for recovering the field of degraded wetland vegetation.

Description

Method for recovering degraded wetland vegetation by utilizing reed stalks asexual propagation

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for recovering degraded wetland vegetation, belonging to the technical field of wetland ecological recovery.

Background

Phragmites communis (Phragmitis communis), a Phragmites communis perennial plant of Gramineae, is a wide variety of species widely distributed throughout the world, and grows in rivers, lakes, ponds, ditches, coasts and shallow water wetlands. The height of the reed plant is generally between 1 and 3 meters, the stem is 1 to 4 centimeters, and the stem nodes are more than 20; the leaves are in a long linear shape or a long needle shape, the middle part of the leaves is provided with obvious pinching marks and is in a alternant phyllotaxis shape, the length of the leaves is 15-45 cm, and the width of the leaves is 1-3.5 cm; the rhizomes are milk white, and the range of the root zone can reach less than 1 meter of surface soil. The reed has wide ecological function and a plurality of social and economic values. The reed has developed root system, and can purify water and adsorb heavy metal in soil; the large-area reed community can adjust the climate and keep water resources, and provides an ideal place for inhabitation of birds and beasts and fish reproduction; the reed stalks have high fibrosis degree and are high-quality raw materials for making paper and composite boards; the whole reed plant has medicinal value and has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting the production of body fluid and inducing diuresis; the reed powder has high organic matter content and can be used as a high-quality culture medium for cultivating fungi and vegetables.

At present, the degraded reed wetland can be propagated and recovered by three modes of underground rhizomes, seeds and overground stalks. The underground rhizome propagation mode is clear in principle and high in propagation success rate, but soil square piers with the depth of 20-50 cm need to be dug to be used for integral transplanting of rhizome in-situ soil beds, the limitation of available resources is limited in the practical application process, and meanwhile, the workload is heavy and the labor cost is high; the reed seed propagation mode has low cost and is easy to obtain, but the seed pretreatment principle is complex, the requirement on the germination environment is higher, the controllability of environmental factors such as hydrological fluctuation, soil burial depth and the like in the natural wetland is poor, the stability in the planting process is low, and the reed seed propagation mode is not suitable for large-scale recovery engineering; the method for vegetative propagation by using the reed stalks is emphasized in the field of wetland restoration because raw materials are easy to obtain, but the conventional method for vegetative propagation of the reed stalks soaks the reed stalks in water to promote germination, but the germination period of the stalks needs more than 10 days, the propagation period is long, and the germination rate is less than 50%.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for restoring degraded wetland vegetation by utilizing reed stems in vegetative propagation, aiming at solving the technical problems of long propagation period and low germination rate of the conventional method for utilizing the stems of reeds to conduct vegetative propagation.

The method for recovering the vegetation of the degraded wetland by utilizing the vegetative propagation of the reed stalks comprises the following steps:

firstly, collecting and transporting stalks: collecting reed stalks with the fibrosis degree of 20% -25% in the reed wetland in the spot or intermittent strip mode from the first ten days to the middle 7 days of the month, and keeping the reed stalks moist;

secondly, screening and seedling revival of stalks: removing the bottom end and the top tip of reed stalks, reserving 3-5 sections of middle stalks of reeds, binding 8-12 stalks into bundles by using reed leaves, and then putting the bundles into the wetland for underwater seedling recovery for 20-28 hours;

thirdly, planting stalks: in a degraded wetland with 50-60% of soil water content, bundling and horizontally placing reed stalks subjected to seedling revival treatment on the surface layer of the wetland, covering homogeneous soil with 50-60% of water content, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 1-5 cm;

fourthly, cultivation: and (3) supplementing water by sprinkling every day after planting, keeping the water content of the soil at 50% -60%, cultivating for 6-15 days, and germinating and sprouting the reeds to finish the restoration of the vegetation in the degraded wetland.

According to the method, reed collection points are selected in a natural reed wetland in a patch or interrupted strip mode, and the phenomenon of structural damage caused by local biodiversity due to centralized harvesting is avoided. Meanwhile, reed stalks are collected in time and stubbles are left, so that the annual recovery of reed plants can be guaranteed, and the surface environment disturbance is not caused.

Water retention measures are adopted in the whole process of reed collection, so that water evaporation and drying up of the stalks are avoided, and the germination capacity of the stalks is maintained. Meanwhile, the seedling revival time and the optimal embedding depth threshold of reed stalks are set scientifically and quantitatively, the vegetative propagation period of the stalks is shortened, and the germination probability of the stalks is improved. According to the method, the germination period of the reed stalks is shortened to 5-6 days, compared with the stalks which are not treated by the technology, the germination period is advanced by 3-4 days, and the germination rate of the reed stalks is improved to more than 70%.

The method is easy to implement, low in cost and easy to obtain, and each bundle of the method has the cost less than 0.1 yuan, and natural materials are used in the whole process. The reed seedlings obtained by treatment can be directly planted in the field reed wetland environment, and the secondary transportation cost is reduced. The treatment and the planting process can not cause any direct and indirect pollution to the surrounding environment. Good recovery effect can be obtained in the first year of planting, and a natural reed community can be formed in the second year of planting, so that the method is suitable for large-area popularization and application in multiple areas and recovery of degraded wetland vegetation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the influence of different soil burial depth conditions on the sprouting of reed stalks;

FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the growth effect of the reed planted in examples 1 to 4 in the first year.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows: the method for recovering the vegetation of the degraded wetland by utilizing the vegetative propagation of the reed stalks comprises the following steps:

The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that in the first step, the collection time is 6 a.m.: 6 before 00 or afternoon: 00 or later; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.

The collection time setting of this embodiment can prevent that strong light irradiation and high temperature evaporation from causing stem stalk moisture to run off.

The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the embodiment and the specific embodiment is that in the first step, when the reed stalks are collected, the reed stalks are cut from the 2 nd to 3 rd sections of the stalk nodes from the bottom to the top; the rest is the same as the first embodiment.

The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first or second embodiment is that in the third step, the method for keeping the reed stalks wet is to wrap the reed stalks with soaked hemp cloth or to dip the reed stalks in water; the other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.

In the embodiment, the reed stalks are kept wet to prevent the moisture loss of the stalks and ensure the vegetative propagation capacity of the stalks.

The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the third embodiment is that the seedling recovering position in the second step is arranged at the position where the sun is avoided; the others are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.

The seedling recovering part of the embodiment is arranged at the shading part or a sunshade to prevent direct sunlight.

The fifth concrete implementation mode: in the third step, which is different from the first step, the transverse distance between the reed stalk bundles is 10-12 cm; the other is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.

The transverse spacing arrangement of the embodiment can ensure that the reed stalks can obtain sufficient nutrients in the growth process, and the self-dredging phenomenon caused by population competition is avoided.

Example 1: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, rapidly and asexually propagating reed stalks in a degraded wetland vegetation recovery and reconstruction in national wetland parks of the national wetland of Yinchuan city of the Ningxia Hui nationality, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

firstly, collecting and transporting stalks: selecting collection points in a discontinuous strip mode in a natural reed wetland in a national wetland park of Yinchuan city of the Ningxia Hui nationality in May of July, and selecting the collection points in a mode of 6: before 00 and 6 pm: after 00, reed stalks are collected in a five-point method (also called a point-four-point method, one point is taken as an original point in a natural wetland, sampling points are arranged at intervals of 90 degrees along the clockwise direction, 5 sampling points are counted, the linear distance between the peripheral four sampling points and the original point sampling point is required to be more than 15 meters so as to prevent large-scale vegetation damage in a local area), reed stalks with the fibrosis degree of 20-25% are selected during collection, the reed stalks are cut from the 3 rd node which is counted from the bottom upwards along the reed stalks, the reed stalks are placed under water or covered by wetted linen nearby after being cut, the water in the stalks is stored so as to ensure the asexual propagation capacity of the stalks, the wetted stalks are wrapped by the wetted linen in the transportation process, the stalks are kept wet and the complete shape of the stalks is kept, and the artificial damage such as bending, breakage and the like is avoided;

II, reed stem screening and seedling revival: the stem fibrosis degree of the reed base is high, the young shoots of the new plants are not completely developed, the two plants do not have the optimal vegetative propagation capacity, the bottom end and the top end of the reed stem are removed, 4 segments of the middle stem of the reed are reserved, every 10 stems are bound into a bundle by reed leaves, and then the bundle of the stems is completely immersed in the water of the direct sunlight-free wetland for 24 hours to carry out seedling reviving;

thirdly, planting stalks: in a degraded wetland with 55% of soil water content, bundling and horizontally placing reed stalks subjected to seedling revival treatment on the surface layer of the wetland, wherein the transverse distance between the bundles of the reed stalks is 10 cm, covering homogeneous soil with 55% of water content, and the thickness of the covering soil is 1 cm;

fourthly, cultivation: and after planting, supplementing water by sprinkling every day to maintain the water content of the soil at 55%, cultivating, and germinating the reeds to finish the restoration of the vegetation of the degraded wetland. The germination number was recorded as a function of incubation time during the incubation.

Example 2: this example is different from example 1 in that the thickness of the cover layer was 2 cm in the third step, and the other steps were the same as example 1.

Example 3: this example is different from example 1 in that the thickness of the cover layer was 3 cm in the third step, and the other steps were the same as example 1.

Example 4: this example is different from example 1 in that the thickness of the cover layer was 5 cm in the third step, and the other steps were the same as example 1.

In the embodiments 1 to 4, the reed stalks are subjected to vegetative propagation by adopting different burial depths, and the sprouts appear after 6 days of planting in terms of cultivation conditions. In the cultivation process, the relationship between the germination number of the reed seedlings and the cultivation time is shown in figure 1, and as can be seen from figure 1, the germination number of the reed stalks with the soil burial depths of 1, 2, 3 and 5 centimeters is increased along with the change of time, but the germination number difference is not significant (p is less than 0.05). The buried depth of the stem is within 1-5 cm, and the germination rate of the stem can reach more than 70%. In example 4 in which the buried depth was 5 cm, the reed germinated after 6 days of culture, and the reed seedlings after 11 days of culture were 20-50 cm in height, healthy, and had growth and tillering potentials.

The newly-grown reeds cultured in the embodiments 1 to 4 can adapt to hydrology and soil environment in the sea-going wetland park, and rapidly germinate and have tillering effect in the initial growth stage. The reed with the height of about 1.5 meters can be obtained in the first year after the reed is planted, as shown in figure 2, a good recovery effect is obtained, and a natural reed community is formed in the second year after the reed is planted, so that the degraded wetland vegetation is recovered.

Claims

1. A method for recovering degraded wetland vegetation by utilizing reed stalks asexual propagation is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The method for recovering degraded wetland vegetation by utilizing the reed stalks in the vegetative propagation according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the collection time is 6 a.m.: 6 before 00 or afternoon: 00 thereafter.

3. The method for recovering the degraded wetland vegetation by using the reed stalks in the vegetative propagation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the first step, the reed stalks are harvested along the 2 nd to 3 rd stalk nodes of the reed stalks from the bottom upwards.

4. The method for recovering the vegetation of degraded wetland according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reed stalks are kept wet by wrapping the reed stalks with a soaked linen or by immersing the reed stalks in water.

5. The method for recovering the vegetation of the degraded wetland according to the claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the seedling revival place in the second step is arranged at the sun-sheltering place.

6. The method for recovering the vegetation of the degraded wetland by using the reed stalks for the vegetative propagation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transverse distance between the bundles of the reed stalks in the third step is 10-12 cm.