CN103766126B - Method for rapidly culturing tea tree seedlings in numerically-controlled greenhouse - Google Patents
Method for rapidly culturing tea tree seedlings in numerically-controlled greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly culturing tea tree seedlings in a numerically-controlled greenhouse. The method comprises the following steps: cutting annual shoots of a tea tree as cuttings; placing bunched cuttings into an electrical field of the greenhouse; soaking 1-2cm parts of bases of the cuttings for 25-35 minutes by using a rooting agent, comprising 20 mg/ L of cytokinin 6-BA and 20 mg / L of naphthylacetate NAA; healing and rooting in the numerically-controlled greenhouse: with expanded perlite powder as seedbed matrix, inserting the cuttings into a seedbed, sterilizing the cuttings with electrical functional water, spraying the cuttings in a self-controlled way, culturing and transplanting the cuttings to an open nursery, digging drainage ditches around the nursery, furrowing in the north-south direction, transplanting a single seedling in a single row in the direction reverse to the furrow direction of the seedbed, coating root neck parts of the cuttings with 0.2% KMnO4 before planting, keeping soil moist, promoting sprouting with 0.2% KMnO4 after planting, mixing and spraying 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea, spreading onto the soil surface, watering after applying, topdressing biogas slurry after one month, shading in summer, and removing a shading net in late July.
Description
Technical field
the invention belongs to the asexual multiplication seedling technology in tea tree planting, particularly relate to one numerical control temperature canopy and educate tea seedling fast, adopt tea tree spray to accelerate the garden time to improve cuttings healing rate, rooting rate and planting percent at numerical control temperature canopy healing acceleration.
Background technology
single node cutting is the conventional method that current tea tree asexual grow seedling adopts.Select the raw then red stalk of 2.5 ㎝ ~ 3 ㎝ long band, 1 axillalry bud and 1 leaf or half red stalk brachyplast (fringe) to do cutting, employing acid yellow soil cubsoil is done seedbed open country cuttage and to be sheltered from heat or light (sunshade net or stalk etc. shelter from heat or light) nursery.This defect because of conventional method is by the impact of the environment such as large quantities of cuttings cultivation, open country temperature, time is long, take the cutting of female kind, micro-territory environment is uncontrollable, and planting percent is low, seedling matter is poor, nursery benefit is low, for pursuing maternal plant garden spring tea economic benefit, generally stays foster branch in 5 ~ July, cuttage in 7 ~ August, 10 parts of next year go out transplantation of seedlings later.Its advantage is low to facility condition requirement, easy, easy, and cost is low, is applicable to the tea tree breed nursery of most of cuttage and seedling culture better performances; Its shortcoming, one is that the cuttings cultivation time is longer, needs to stay foster 2 months and cultivates ripe branch clip cuttings.Two is that micro-territory environment of healing and taking root after cuttage is uncontrollable, main dependence high density cuttage (generally every mu nursery cuttage cuttings more than 180,000) is to obtain higher mu output of seedling (10-12 ten thousand plants/acre), planting percent low (about 60%), lignified red stalk and half red stalk branch can only be selected as cuttings, and fringe bar wastage is large.Three is that the seedbed nursery stock that survival rate is high is crowded, nursery stock is very thin, although the strong seedling of the low seedbed seedling of survival rate is irregular, irregular; Four is that growing-seedling period is longer, reaches more than 18 months from staying foster cuttings to going out transplantation of seedlings.Five is that healing and taking root micro-territory condition is poor, and poor to the nursery effect of the tea tree breed of minority cuttage and seedling culture poor-performing, therefore tea grower is in order to pursue good nursery benefit, and to indivedual quality, special excellent but new varieties that are cuttage and seedling culture difficulty are seldom bred.Such as, Guizhou Tea Research Institute last century early eighties just from national tea tree excellent colony kind " Meitan tongue tea ", select " Guizhou Province river bank 101 " clonal plant, but because tongue of this strain is strengthened, the cuttings of cultivating according to single node cutting open country method for culturing seedlings and select is thick, ripe, clip wound area is large, the ratio of bast/xylem is little, the healing rate of cuttings, rooting rate and planting percent are very low, the deficiency in economic performance of nursery, so just seldom breed, cultivated area only hundreds of mu so far, seriously limit the Multiplication and extension of the special quality product kind of this high chestunt flavour.
in order to improve the nursery effect of the poor tea tree breed of some cutting survivals, in tea tree single-node cutting seed-raising technical foundation, nationality helps modern installations agricultural infrastructure, selects tea tree spray (comprising red stalk branch, half red stalk and green stalk spray) as cuttings, to carry out short root immersion treatment to cuttings.Provide medium of seedling bed for oneself by using in numerical control temperature canopy, Electricity Functional Water disinfection, natural pond liquid filter atomization supply cuttings nutrition, intelligent atomizing controls the technical measures such as micro-territory environment, promote that cuttings healing is to improve root survival, select to prepare with seedbed, note seedling transplanting method and method, shelter from heat or light in the strict nursery of open country, promote before germinateing that the cultivation technique measure such as rudiment, the rear growth promoting effects of germination improves planting percent with nurturing staff, the special excellent new tea cultivar of fast breeding, promotes its industrialization development.
Summary of the invention
the object of this invention is to provide one numerical control temperature canopy and educate tea seedling fast, adopt tea tree spray at numerical control temperature canopy healing acceleration to improve cuttings healing rate, rooting rate and planting percent, by tea tree single-node cutting seed-raising technology and modern installations seedling-raising technique connected applications, effectively can promote that the short fringe quickly-healing of tea tree is taken root, improve healing rate, rooting rate and planting percent, nurturing staff, to realize targets such as promoting the progress of tea tree seedling-raising technique, accelerate that special excellent tea tree breed is bred.
for achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
(1) cuttings Acquire and process
1. the collection of tea cutting cuttings and clip: gather the maternal tea tree of high-quality raw without disease and pest shoot then, green stalk (spray) the short fringe of the red stalk of the long lignifying of clip 2.5-3 ㎝, half red stalk and semi-lignified, ensure each short fringe has 1 nutrition axillalry bud and 1 leaf, prick 1 by every 50.
2. short root soaks: the cuttings of tying up is placed in warm canopy 60-80 kilovolt electric field, (the wherein 20 mg/L basic elements of cell division (6-BA), 20mg/L methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA) soaks the part 25-35 minute of cuttings base portion 1-2 cm to use 100 mg/L to urge root complex preparation.
(2) numerical control temperature canopy healing and taking root: use fine perlite powder as numerical control temperature canopy medium of seedling bed, uniform spreading is located at seedbed, laying depth 10 cm.Cuttings after process is inserted seedbed.Adopt Electricity Functional Water disinfection, computer controls spraying and nutrition supply, promotes cutting healing and taking root, transplants outdoor bed after cultivating 40-50 days in numerical control temperature canopy.Use intelligent atomizing to control micro-territory environment in incubation, to maintain the balance of cutting water metabolism, and regulate humiture in canopy.Natural pond liquid can be used on a small quantity to filter atomizing supply nutrient.
(3) outdoor bed is transplanted and strong seedling cultivation
1. outdoor bed is transplanted and is promoted rudiment: the acid soil selecting soil fertility good is as open country nursery.Plough smooth nursery before transplanting, surrounding excavation gutter, seedbed is done in bedding, furrow wide 1-1.2 m, high 20 cm, stays that 30 cm are wide doubles as gutter as passageway between furrow, and furrow are north-south.Temperature canopy seedling row cultivation mode is that inverse seedbed furrow are transplanted to single file individual plant trench digging, and spacing in the rows 10 cm, line-spacing 20 cm, use 0.2% KMnO before transplanting
4
smear cutting collar portion of taking root (not yet healing and taking root remove), promote the sprouting of bud, after planting, earthing is real with hand, covers flat with soil, keeps table soil loosening, drenches sufficient water, shelter from heat or light with sunshade net, guarantee sunlight not direct projection seedbed.Keep ground moistening (not showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally) before germinateing, then carry out 0.2%KMnO
4
cutting handle 1 time, sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 1% and urea 1-2 time of 1% in conjunction with mixing, and promotion open country seedling survives and rudiment.
2. strong seedling cultivation: monthly impose urea after germination and improve planting percent with nurturing staff 1 time, soil table spreads fertilizer over the fields, amount of application 10.0 g/ m
2
, after executing, water sufficient water.Also monthly can impose 1-2 natural pond liquid filtered fluid, dilute with water waters to be executed, and namely carries out together with watering.Row's cultivation in summer nursery uses sunshade net to shelter from heat or light 1-2 month, and late July can remove sunshade net, strengthens pest management; Winter, row planted, and needed to shelter from heat or light with sunshade net before rudiment, can cultivate by open country, keep ground moistening (not showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally) after sprout growth.
adopt the beneficial effect of the technical program: because utilizing green stalk cuttings, tea tree cutting utilization rate improves 30%; Because of micro-territory enhancement of environment of healing and taking root, cuttings clip healing rate reaches more than 90%, rooting rate reaches 85%, fibrous root many 3-5 root; Because open country transplants the seedling of having taken root, planting percent more than 75% can be reached, and seedling is neat, Miao Yun, Miao Zhuan.Healing rate, rooting rate and planting percent improve more than 20% than open country single node cutting.Half red stalk and the green stalk cuttings of the semi-lignified adopting spring tea to cultivate do sth. in advance nursery, and through the growth in season in autumn in summer two, height of seedling can reach 25 ㎝, leading thread can reach 6 more than ㎜, and can go out transplantation of seedlings then, the growing-seedling period shortest time is 8 months, breeds efficiency and significantly improves.The nursery of autumn in summer goes out transplantation of seedlings in winter in next year, can cultivate height of seedling 30 more than ㎝, leading thread 8 more than ㎜ strong sprout.This method is used for, as tea tree breed (being) nursery of cutting propagation poor-performings such as " Guizhou Province river banks 101 ", can significantly improving its healing rate, rooting rate and planting percent, promoting its industrialization development; For the maternal also little new lines nursery of strain, the effect added for breeding can be reached; For the tea tree breed nursery of cuttage better performances, strong sprout can be bred and transplant.
Detailed description of the invention
one numerical control temperature canopy of the present invention educates tea seedling fast, and its detailed description of the invention is as following examples
embodiment 1: Guizhou Province river bank 101 numerical control in summer temperature canopy spray batch breeds strong sprout
(1) condition prepares
1. numerical control temperature canopy: the numerical control booth (warm canopy) building 2000 more than ㎡.Numerical control booth divides fast numerous workshop, aerial fog cultivation workshop and auxiliary facility, has gutter-connected plastic tent and Computer Intelligent Control System.The systems such as fast numerous workshop Based Intelligent Control configuration expert, magnetic field, atomizing, electric field, light filling, nutrition supply, magnetized drinking water, carbon-dioxide generator, water delivery, seedbed, mineral nutrition supplement; The systems such as aerosol workshop Based Intelligent Control configuration expert, atomizing, carbon-dioxide generator, light filling, magnetized drinking water, nutrition supply, Electricity Functional Water generator, water delivery, cultivation bed, mineral nutrition supplement.Breed scale for expanding, the multiple field of layer 2-3 can be built in seedbed.
2. open country nursery: select soil to drain water in acid fertile rice field, spread fertilizer over the fields before the winter barnyard manure plough sun the earth which has been ploughed up or planting vegetable, green manure etc. stand-by as nursery.May ploughs smooth nursery before transplanting, and surrounding excavation gutter, seedbed is done in bedding, furrow wide 1-1.2 m, high 20 cm, stays that 30 cm are wide doubles as gutter as passageway between furrow, and furrow are north-south.Wait for the seedling of transplantation rooting.
2. cuttings is cultivated: select the Guizhou Province river bank 101 production tea place that variety is high, adopted most spring tea to improve the economic benefit in tea place before mid-May.Before adopting most spring tea, heavy dressing is with topdressing, and stays support healthy and strong young sprout with clip cuttings as maternal plant garden.
(2) cuttings Acquire and process:
mid or late June, treat that maternal plant garden stays foster young sprout base portion to have 3-5 internode to be that half red stalk can clip cuttings.The short fringe of green stalk of the half red stalk that clip 2.5-3 ㎝ is long and semi-lignified, ensures each short fringe has 1 nutrition axillalry bud and 1 leaf, by every 50 1 tying.The cuttings of tying up is placed in warm canopy 60-80 kilovolt electric field, uses 100 mg/L to urge the part 25-35 minute of root complex preparation immersion cuttings base portion 1-2 cm.Then in numerical control Wen Peng seedbed, cultivate 40-50 days, carry out the micro-territory management of warm canopy according to this method, check the healing of cuttings and situation of taking root, have the cuttage rooting of more than 85% can transplant open country nursery.
(3) warm canopy seedling open country is transplanted, before the winter, management and strong seedling cultivation 7 can transplant warm canopy seedling (autumn arranges and plants) the end of month, and row's cultivation mode is that inverse seedbed furrow are transplanted to single file individual plant trench digging, spacing in the rows 10 cm, line-spacing 20 cm.The cuttings of not yet taking root is abandoned, to warm canopy seedling 0.2% KMnO of having taken root before transplanting
4
smear its collar portion, promote the sprouting of bud, after planting, earthing is real with hand, covers flat with soil, keeps table soil loosening, drenches sufficient water, shelter from heat or light with sunshade net, guarantee sunlight not direct projection seedbed.Keep ground moistening (not showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally) before germinateing, then carry out 0.2%KMnO
4
cutting handle 1 time, sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 1% and urea 1-2 time of 1% in conjunction with mixing, and promotion open country seedling survives and rudiment.Early or mid August can rudiment, can throw off sunshade net at the beginning of 9 months, and monthly impose urea 1 time to improve planting percent, soil table spreads fertilizer over the fields, amount of application 10.0 g/ m
2
, water sufficient water after executing, keep ground moistening (not showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally).
the nursery stock that first round mid or late June breeds, stop to growth at 10 the end of month, height of seedling 20 ㎝, leading thread 0.6 more than ㎝ can be reached, after young sprout is aging, tea place can be transplanted in spring in next year, also can cultivate again in next year and transplant tea place to winter in 1 year, height of seedling 30 ㎝, leading thread 1 more than ㎝ strong sprout can be obtained.Still can continue to breed 1-2 wheel after July, breed efficiency with what improve numerical control temperature canopy.The seedling of breeding after July must cultivate 1 year to winter and transplant later in next year, can reach standard in strong sprout.Transplant the warm canopy seedling in open country nursery October, must treat that next year, germinating growth just can throw off sunshade net.
embodiment 2: new seed selection new tea strain numerical control temperature canopy spray adds for breeding
(1) condition prepares
1. numerical control temperature canopy: with embodiment 1.
2. open country nursery: with embodiment 1.
3. cuttings is cultivated: the spring tip directly adopting new seed selection strain individual plant tea tree to sprout cultivates cutting,
until spring tip base portion 3-5 internode be half red stalk of semi-lignified and green stalk time can clip cuttings.
(2) cuttings Acquire and process: late April can be implemented the first round and be cut fringe nursery.Other are with embodiment 1.
(3) the little transplantation of seedlings of warm canopy, management with the little transplantation of seedlings of strong seedling cultivation temperature canopy, manage identical with embodiment 1 with strong seedling cultivation.
adopt this method within 1 year, can breed 3-4 wheel for the new tea strain of new seed selection, wherein the one or two take turns the nursery stock bred and winter or spring in next year can transplant tea place then, the nursery stock that the 3rd four-wheel is bred must be transplanted after cultivating 1 year next year, can reach standard in strong sprout.Adding for breeding to it, accelerating popularization significant.
Claims (1)
1. educate the method for tea seedling fast with numerical control temperature canopy for one kind, it is characterized in that: the maternal tea tree of (1), clip is raw then makes cuttage cuttings without disease and pest shoot, the green stalk of the red stalk of the long lignifying of clip 2.5-3 ㎝, half red stalk and semi-lignified and the short fringe of spray, each short fringe will have 1 nutrition axillalry bud and 1 leaf, racemosus ties up one;
(2), growth-promoting root soaks: the cuttings of tying up is placed in warm canopy 60-80 kilovolt electric field, uses short root complex preparation, wherein the part 25-35 minute of the 20 mg/L basic elements of cell division and 6-BA, 20mg/L methyl α-naphthyl acetate and NAA, immersion cuttings base portion 1-2 cm;
(3), healing and taking root in numerical control temperature canopy: (3.1), use fine perlite powder are as numerical control temperature canopy medium of seedling bed, uniform spreading is located at seedbed, laying depth 10 cm, cuttings after process is inserted seedbed, (3.2) Electricity Functional Water disinfection, is used, computer controlled automatic spraying and nutrition supply, promote cutting healing and taking root, transplant outdoor bed after cultivating 40-50 days in numerical control temperature canopy; Use intelligent atomizing to control micro-territory environment in incubation, to maintain the balance of cutting water metabolism, and regulate humiture in canopy, use a small amount of natural pond liquid to filter atomizing supply nutrient;
(4), outdoor bed is transplanted and is promoted rudiment: the acid soil selecting soil fertility good is as open country nursery, smooth nursery is ploughed before transplanting, surrounding excavation gutter, seedbed is done in bedding, furrow wide 1-1.2 m, high 20 cm, stays that 30 cm are wide doubles as gutter as passageway between furrow, furrow are north-south, temperature canopy seedling row cultivation mode is that inverse seedbed furrow are transplanted to single file individual plant trench digging, and spacing in the rows 10 cm, line-spacing 20 cm, use 0.2% KMnO before transplanting
4smear cutting collar portion of taking root, promote the sprouting of bud, after planting, earthing is real with hand, covers flat with soil, keeps table soil loosening, drenches sufficient water, shelter from heat or light with sunshade net, guarantee sunlight not direct projection seedbed, keeps ground moistening not show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, then carry out 0.2%KMnO before germinateing
4cutting handle 1 time, sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 1% and urea 1-2 time of 1% in conjunction with mixing, and promotion open country seedling survives and rudiment;
(5), strong seedling cultivation: monthly impose urea after germination and improve planting percent with nurturing staff 1 time, soil table spreads fertilizer over the fields, amount of application 10.0g/ m
2, water sufficient water after executing, monthly impose 1-2 natural pond liquid filtered fluid, dilute with water waters to be executed, and namely carries out together with watering, and row's cultivation in summer nursery uses sunshade net to shelter from heat or light 1-2 month, and late July removes sunshade net, strengthens pest management; Winter, row planted, and needed to shelter from heat or light with sunshade net before rudiment, and after sprout growth, open country is cultivated, and kept ground moistening not show money or valuables one carries unintentionally; Tea tree cutting utilization rate improves 30%; Cuttings clip healing rate reaches more than 90%, rooting rate reaches 85%, fibrous root planting percent more than 75%, and seedling is neat, Miao Yun, Miao Zhuan; Cycle time is 8 months, breeds efficiency and significantly improves.
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| CN106561375A (en) * | 2016-10-29 | 2017-04-19 | 蚌埠市涂山绿园蔬菜科研专业合作社 | Peach tree cuttage seedling-raising method |
| CN109042004A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-12-21 | 霍山茗源茶树良种开发有限公司 | A kind of cuttage and seedling culture method improving high and cold mountain area tealeaves nutritional quality |
| CN111165353A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-19 | 安徽省金寨县金龙玉珠茶业有限公司 | Tissue culture method for clonal tea seedlings |
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